Relevant bibliographies by topics / Surrogacy Mother

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Surrogacy Mother'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Surrogacy Mother"

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Ambarwati, Mega Dewi, and Ghina Azmita Kamila. "The Evaluation of Surrogacy’s System in Indonesia as Comparison to India’s Legislation." Lentera Hukum 6, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.10842.

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In today’s age, marriage life is can be complicated with problems like infertility. In the face of this problem, couples have used surrogacy as a potential fix. Surrogacy poses a unique problem in Indonesia, because such a concept remains culturally taboo and no legal system exists to regulate the process and the responsibilities of the surrogate mother. Thus, other countries that have created a legal infrastructure for surrogacy offer valuable paradigms and best practices. This study seeks to compare surrogacy law between Indonesia and India, with the overall goal of suggesting policies to better regulate surrogacy within the former country. This study uses comparative legal research methodology through the functional method because Indonesia and India face the same social problem of surrogacy. The result reveals that it needs a legal system on surrogacy and surrogate mother as the legal certainty for any individual especially spouse who could not have offspring along with some reasons such as minimalize prostitution and unregistered marriage, prevent dispute, and to develop scientific field. The study concludes that Indonesia requires stronger legal infrastructure for surrogacy that will not only provide legal certainty for surrogate mothers and families using surrogacy but will also minimize prostitution and unregistered marriages, mitigate domestic disputes, and catalyze scientific innovation. Keywords: Surrogate Mother, Surrogacy, Indonesia, India.
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Ambarwati, Mega Dewi, and Ghina Azmita Kamila. "THE EVALUATION OF SURROGACY’S LEGAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA AS COMPARISON TO INDIA’S LEGISLATION." Diponegoro Law Review 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.4.2.2019.167-180.

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Nowadays, in marriage life, spouse often dealing with big problem as like infertility which make them unable to have offspring. However, due to infertility, the spouse has obtained some efforts to solve their problems. One way to solve the problem is by obtaining surrogacy with the help of surrogate mother. Nevertheless, in Indonesia, especially, surrogacy as well as surrogate mother is still considered to be taboo things and no legal system which regulate the surrogacy and/or surrogate mother. Yet other countries have allowed or legalize the surrogacy practice as well as surrogate mother. Hence, this study aimed to reveal a comparison of legal system on surrogate mother and surrogacy law in Indonesia and India. This study used comparative legal research methodology through the functional method since Indonesia has the same function over the purpose of law establishment on the surrogate mother in India. The result reveals that it needs a legal system on surrogacy and surrogate mother as the legal certainty for any individual especially spouse who could not have offspring along with some reasons such as minimalize prostitution and unregistered marriage, prevent dispute, and to develop scientific field.
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Suprun, Yana Ivanovna, and Anastasiya Maksimovna Kozlova. "Practical and theoretical problems of legal regulation of surrogacy." Политика и Общество, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2021.1.35608.

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The subject of this research is the legal norms applied to the surrogacy program as an independent institution that requires a separate place in the system. The object of this research is the social relations arising in the sphere of surrogacy procedures for future parents, as well as protection of the rights of a child born from artificial insemination. Special attention is given to such aspects as the surrogacy contract, registration of a child born to a surrogate mother, court opinion on the refusal to register a child born to a surrogate mother, and right of a single father to register a child born to a surrogate mother. The novelty of this article lies the analysis and examination of case law dedicated to the practical and theoretical problems of using surrogacy. The definitions are provided to the concepts of surrogacy and surrogate mother. Recommendations are made on the amendments to family and civil legislation by introducing norms that would regulate and determine the legal nature of surrogacy contract, norms on the child’s registration by the genetic parents who are not legally marries, as well as norms that to regulate the rights and responsibility, legal status of the father of a child born to a surrogate mother.
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Oluwaseyi, Oyekan Adeolu, and Ani Amara Esther. "Surrogacy and the Motherhood Question in Yoruba Culture." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 8, no. 3 (February 14, 2018): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v8i3.35609.

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One of the arguments against surrogacy is that it is harmful to both the surrogate mother and the child. Numerous strands of this argument are collectively referred to as the ‘harm factor’. A version of the argument says that surrogacy interrupts the Mother-fetal affection which develops between the surrogate mother and the child. If this is true, what implication does it have for the concept of motherhood? Does the biological connection between the fetus and the surrogate put the latter in a better position as a mother than the commissioning mother? This paper examines the relationship between surrogacy and motherhood within the context of Yoruba culture. It argues that the culture emphasizes the sociological dimension of motherhood more than the biological. This, the paper argues, is because of the culture’s emphasis on the significance of nurture and care to the development of a meaningful and stable life. The paper thus concludes that while Yoruba traditional society lacked the scientific wherewithal to undertake a successful surrogacy procedure, its conception of motherhood, prevalently held even in contemporary time, is normatively compatible with surrogacy.
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Halimah, Mimi. "Pandangan Aksiologi Terhadap Surrogate Mother." Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 1, no. 2 (May 7, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v1i2.13989.

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Memiliki keturunan adalah impian untuk setiap pasangan yang sudah menikah, tetapi tidak bisa disangkal bahwa ada keadaan tertentu di mana seorang istri tidak dapat hamil karena kelainan di rahimnya atau ada faktor lain yang mebuat seorang istri tidak dapat hamil. Teknologi kedokteran telah menemukan solusi untuk pasangan yang mempunyai masalah sulitnya mendapatkan keturunan tersebut misalnya dengan inseminasi buatan atau dengan teknologi fertilisasi invitro yang dikenal dengan bayi tabung. Dalam perkembangannya program bayi tabung dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan ibu pengganti atau dikenal dengan istilah Surrogate mother. Secara Ilmu kedokteran Praktik Surrogacy bisa dilakuan, bisa dijelaskan secara ilmiah dan memenuhi kaidah-kaidah kelmuan. Nmaun demikian segala sesuatu yang bisa dilakukan bukan berarti boleh secara etika, hukum dan aturan agama. Praktik Surrogacy pada kenyataannya banyak menimbulkan perdebatan dan kontroversi terutama ditinjau dari etika, hukum dan agama baik di Indonesia maupun negara lain. Meskipun ada juga beberapa negara yang membolehkan praktik ini seperti India, Thailand, Inggris, Amerika dan Australia. Praktik Surrogacy dalam Peraturan Hukum indonesia dilarang hal ini sesuai dengan pasal 16 UU No. 23 Tahun 1992 Tentang kesehatan dan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan No. 72 / Menkes / Per / II / 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan teknologi Reproduksi Buatan dan mengatur tentang hukum pelaksanaan bayi tabung. Praktik Surrogacy menurut tinjauan etika moral juga bertenatangan dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan bahkan menurut European Centre for Law and Justice tahun 2012 menyatakan bahwa Surrogate mother adalah kekerasan terhadap hak asasi manusia karena mengeksploitasi anak dan wanita, menjadikan mereka sebagai komoditi bisnis. Praktik Surrogacy juga dilarang secara tegas oleh berbagai ajaran agama seperti Islam, Kristen, katolik, Hindu dan Budha
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Reznik, O. M., and A. E. Ishchukova. "Legal regulation of surrogacy in Ukraine and the United States of America." Legal horizons, no. 18 (2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i18.p34.

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In this article, the authors investigated the regulatory acts and laws governing surrogacy in Ukraine. The concept of “surrogacy” was also considered and the absence of fixing of this term at the legislative level was established. In addition, it was determined that the necessary condition for the implementation of the method of surrogacy is the genetic link of the spouse or one of the couples with an unborn child. It follows that the surrogate mother should not be genetically related to the child. However, the legislator doesn’t prohibit bearing the pregnancy of close relatives of future parents (sister, mother, aunt, cousin, etc.). This work also focuses on the definition of the legal nature of the contract concluded between the surrogate mother and the infertile couple for artificial insemination by the method of surrogacy. As a result, this agreement is similar to the civil service agreement. The publication also analyzes the state registration procedure for a newborn baby that was born using the method of surrogacy. The peculiarity of the procedure for registering a newborn baby conceived in this way is the presence of a certificate and statement. The certificate proves the genetic link of the baby with the couple. The statement is given by the surrogate mother to recognize the spouse as the child’s parents. Much attention is paid to the experience of regulating surrogacy in the United States. The country does not have a single codified law on artificial insemination by surrogacy. Each state decides in what manner, in what order, and under what conditions it is possible to resort to this type of assisted reproductive technology. The conclusions provide suggestions for resolving problems that may arise while using the method of surrogacy. Also the possibility of improving current legislation on the legal regulation of this procedure by borrowing from foreign experience. Keywords: surrogacy, legal regulation, surrogate mother, assisted reproductive technologies, married couple, contract.
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Novytska, M. M., and A. V. Kozhushko. "Gaps in the legal regulation of surrogacy in Ukraine and analysis of the experience of foreign countries." Legal horizons, no. 22 (2020): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i22.p76.

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The article is devoted to the study of the legislation of Ukraine regulating the procedure of surrogacy and the main legal gaps in this area. In addition, a legal analysis and comparison of the legislation in the field of surrogacy in such foreign countries as Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Czech Republic, Israel, Sweden, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Finland, some US states. The main legal cases arising in Ukraine during and after the use of the surrogacy procedure, their causes and consequences are highlighted. The case law of national courts is given and analyzed. In particular, the procedure for legal regulation of the mechanism of registration and registration of a child born as a result of surrogacy needs to be improved in order to avoid the possibility of a surrogate mother entering information about herself as a child’s mother in the state register of civil status and further challenging maternity in court. A comparative analysis of the experience of foreign legal regulation of the institution of surrogacy and focused on their pros and cons. The basic provisions and principles which can be borrowed from experience of realization by foreign countries of procedure of surrogacy are offered. When creating regulations, a number of guarantee norms should be taken into account, which will be the basis for avoiding potential conflicts and negative situations. In particular, they include: the refusal of a surrogate mother to give the child to biological parents; the refusal of the biological parents to pick up the newborn child; cases of birth of two or more children; birth of a dead / sick child; the desire of the surrogate mother to terminate the pregnancy, the refusal of the genetic parents to perform their duties in terms of paying for the services of the surrogate mother. The conclusion about the necessity of the Ukrainian legislation in legal regulation and rationing of surrogacy by creation of the uniform profile regulatory act is carried out.
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Doskočil, Ondřej. "“Any surrogate mothers?” A Debate on surrogacy in internet discussion forums." Human Affairs 30, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2020-0002.

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AbstractSurrogacy has long been discussed in reproductive medicine. In the Czech Republic, surrogacy is not legally regulated. Because of this legal vacuum, there are no official procedures or organizations that openly deal with surrogacy. Potential surrogate mothers and applicants do not have many options for obtaining or sharing information. The only source is the Internet. Online forums are a popular tool for gaining information and contacts regarding surrogacy. The goal of this research was to use qualitative research methods to survey the most searched and discussed topics on Czech online discussion forum websites. We used discussions that we found on www.emimino.cz between 2009 and 2019. This article analyses the comments of the Internet forum discussants/participants, their involvement, knowledge of surrogacy, the information sought and their opinions. In particular, the participants discussed where to find a surrogate mother or how to become one. This article attempts to outline the discussions ordinary people have about surrogacy outside official expert forums.
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Antonovska, Daniela. "Surrogacy: A Novelty Concept in North Macedonia." Women's Health – Open Journal 7, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/whoj-7-140.

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Surrogacy has existed since ancient times. Depending on the way of creating an embryo, two types of surrogacy differ, traditional and gestational. When it comes to monetary compensation, two types of surrogacy exist, altruistic and commercialized. A lot of questions come to light such as: Is the altruistic surrogacy a humane gesture for all contracted parties? What if the mother changes her mind? Do the babies born of surrogacy mothers have rights? In North Macedonia, surrogacy was introduced for the first time in 2014 in the amended Law on Biomedicine and Assisted Fertilization. It was a novelty having in mind that in the Law of 2008 the surrogacy as a practice was outlawed. The amended law applies the term gestational mother and provides a liberal stance, but many provisions are unclear.
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Tyuvina, N. A., and A. O. Nikolaevskaya. "Assisted reproductive technologies: psychoneurological, moral-ethical, and socio-cultural aspects." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 12, no. 5 (October 25, 2020): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2020-5-104-110.

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The paper provides a definition of sexual and reproductive health and infertility and also reflects modern ideas about ways to overcome infertility using assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogacy. It shows the specificity of the impact of an IVF procedure on the mental health of a potential mother. The features of the neonatal health status, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders in babies born using the IVF procedure are described. The authors present two types of surrogacy (traditional and gestational ones) and the features of their use in different countries according to governmental legislative regulation, socioeconomic and religious factors, and cultural traditions in society. They unveil the features of a psychological relationship between the mother (surrogate and presumed one) and the fetus. The consequences of surrogacy for a surrogate mother, genetic parents, and a child himself/herself are noted to be little studied. It is shown that the development of assisted reproductive technologies (IVF and surrogacy), on the one hand, helps fight infertility and, on the other hand, entails a number of problems (moral and ethical, legal, cultural and religious, socioeconomic, and neuropsychiatric ones) that need to be solved in order to prevent psychological, neurological, and mental abnormalities in all the participants (a surrogate mother, an unborn child, and potential parents) in the assisted reproductive process:
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surrogacy Mother"

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Dyers, Bianca. "Does the involvement of third parties in surrogacy agreements raise the risk of exploitation of prospective surrogates and prospective parent(s)?" University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7578.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Surrogacy on many occasions is referred to a million-dollar industry. Just like many countries, South Africa has prohibited commercial surrogacy, thus South Africa only permits altruistic surrogacy. The prohibition has consequences for third parties such as surrogacy agencies and surrogacy facilitators, as their right to occupation freedom which is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, is limited. No right is absolute, any right can be limited if it can be proved that it is in the best interest of the public. The prohibition on commercial surrogacy is argued to be in the best interest of the public as it can lead to the exploitation of women and the commodification of children.
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Luiza, Aphakidze Garshag. "Surrogatmödraskap- den okända vägen : En kvalitativ studie om professionellas syn på surrogatmödraskap i Georgien." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31693.

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My aim with this research has been to see how surrogate mothers' situation in Georgia looks like, and how different aspects affect the understanding of the process itself and create different prerequisites for surrogate mothers. I interviewed staffs who meet surrogate mothers in their work. I conducted five interviews. The theories I have chosen to use in the study is Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Goffman's labeling theory. I concluded that surrogacy is a controversial subject that is interesting to analyze, based on these theories. After I had interviewed people, it turned out that there are some hierarchical differences between surrogate mothers and biological mothers. The study shows those surrogate mothers' motives and perception is different in society, leading to stigma and categorized ring of the phenomenon. In the future it will be interesting to formulate, visualize, debate and discuss how surrogacy affects society and the professionals' assessments of the phenomenon. I hope that the study raises future interest in others and brings new perspectives which professionals can benefit from.
Mitt mål med denna uppsats har varit att se hur surrogatmödrars situation i Georgien ser ut, och hur olika aspekter påverkar förståelsen för själva processen och skapar olika förutsättningar för surrogatamödrar.  Jag gjorde detta genom att intervjua personal som träffar surrogatamödrar i sin verksamhet. Jag genomförde fem intervjuer. De teorier jag valt att använda i studien är Maslows behovstrappa och Goffmans stämplingsteori. Jag kom fram till att surrogatmödraskap är ett omdiskuterat ämne som är intressant att analysera utifrån dessa teorier. Efter att jag intervjuat personerna visade det sig att det förekommer en del hierarkiska skillnader mellan surrogatmödrar och biologiska mammor. Studien visar att surrogatmödrarnas motiv och uppfattning ser olika ut i samhället, vilket leder till stigmatisering och kategorisering av själva fenomenet. I framtiden kommer det bli intressant att formulera, synliggöra, problematisera och diskutera hur surrogatmödraskap påverkar samhället och professionellas bedömningar på fenomenet. Jag hoppas att studien väcker framtida intresse för andra och bidrar med nya perspektiv som professionella kan ha nytta av.
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Weaver, Kimberly C. "Mothering and Surrogacy in Twentieth-Century American Literature: Promise or Betrayal." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/77.

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Twentieth-century American literature is filled with new images of motherhood. Long gone is the idealism of motherhood that flourished during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in life and in writing. Long gone are the mother help books and guides on training mothers. The twentieth-century fiction writer ushers in new examples of motherhood described in novels that critique the bad mother and turn a critical eye towards the role of women and motherhood. This study examines the trauma surrounding twentieth-century motherhood and surrogacy; in particular, how abandonment, rape, incest, and negation often results in surrogacy; and how selected authors create characters who as mothers fail to protect their children, particularly their daughters. This study explores whether the failure is a result of social-economic or physiological circumstances that make mothering and motherlove impossible or a rejection of the ideal mother seldom realized by contemporary women, or whether the novelists have rewritten the notion of the mother’s help books by their fragmented representations of motherhood. Has motherhood become a rejection of self-potential? The study will critique mother-daughter relationships in four late twentieth-century American novels in their complex presentations of motherhood and surrogacy: Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970), Kaye Gibbons’s Ellen Foster (1990), Dorothy Allison’s Bastard Out of Carolina (1992) and Sapphire’s Push (1997). Appropriated terminology from other disciplines illustrates the prevalence of surrogacy and protection in the subject novels. The use of surrogate will refer to those who come forward to provide the role of mothering and protection.
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Lewis, Samantha Vanessa. "The constitutional and contractual implications of the application of chapter 19 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4530_1319010066.

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In this research, I carefully and coherently examine Chapter 19 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005 as the first legislation to afford surrogate motherhood agreements legal recognition in South Africa. I argue that the application of Chapter 19 imposes a number of unwarranted limitations on several of the constitutional rights of the parties to a surrogacy agreement. In addition, I propose that Chapter 19 is not in accordance with the principal of the best interests of the child. I examine the history of surrogate motherhood in South Africa and establish that, prior to the enactment of Chapter 19, no legislation expressly afforded surrogate motherhood agreements legal recognition. Hence, prior to the enactment of Chapter 19, parties who entered surrogacy agreements could, first, not rely on the agreement to enforce contractual obligations, and secondly, the legal positions of the parties to the agreement were uncertain. Thirdly, a child born of a surrogacy agreement was seen as the child of the surrogate mother and not of the commissioning parents.
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Jörgensen, Linn, and Sara Flytström. "Surrogatmodern - utnyttjad eller autonom? : En kvalitativ idéanalys om den svenska debattens syn på surrogatarrangemang." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45106.

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This essay is comparing the different perspectives of the debate on surrogacy in two Swedish Newspapers. The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge about the different perspectives of the debate about surrogacy in relation to women's autonomy. The theory is defined by decisional autonomy and practical autonomy, which is written by Jonathan Pugh. Through an idea analysis, the material of the essay is analyzed through an analysis tool created with Pugh’s theory. The delimitation of material is selected from articles from Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet between 2010 and 2020. The result shows that 12 of the arguments in the articles are based on the decisional autonomy perspective, where six of them are based on both decisional and practical autonomy in their arguments. Practical autonomy is the main argument in four of them. The conclusion is that the side of the debate that is against surrogacy argues that the woman does not have enough autonomy to decide to be a surrogacy mother, without pressure or manipulation. The other side of the debate, that is for the altruistic model argues that she has enough autonomy to make her own decision. Another conclusion in this essay is that most of the arguments, even regarding practical autonomy, are based on decisional autonomy, since practical autonomy is mostly a tool for protecting women or helping them to implement their wishes. That's why decisional autonomy is most frequently used in the debate of surrogacy.
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Smith, Clara A. "The black surrogate mother." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/298.

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This study examines the literary depiction of the black surrogate mother as she is created according to the author’s race, gender, background, experience, biases and goals. Even though she is one of the most successful and popular characters of fiction, she is also controversial. Her reputation is iconic as well as dichotomous. For example, she is credited for the exemplary upbringing of her white charges, while simultaneously blamed for neglecting her own children. Particularly, this paper looks at three black surrogate mothers who conform to the prototypical, often stereotypical, image of the black surrogate mother: Mammy, Aunt Mammy Jane, and Dilsey. The critique substantiates that Mitchell and Faulkner, respectively, were invested in depicting Mammy and Dilsey as representatives of the real black surrogate mothers of their lives. Although, the character of Mammy Jane mirrors Mammy and Dilsey in her commitment and devotion to her white family, Chesnutt employs her as a cautionary warning to the blacks who refuse to accept change and progress after Emancipation. The other three black surrogate mothers, Sofia, Berenice, and Ondine, are antithetical to the stereotypical black surrogate mother. Sofia, an accidental maid, is representative of Walker’s intense efforts to deconstruct the image of the black surrogate mother that plagued her throughout her lifetime. Unlike most white authors, McCullers crafts Berenice as independent, strong, and autonomous, not just as a black surrogate mother of a white child. Morrison provides Ondine with a husband and daughter to be concerned with so that she cannot be cast as the stereotypically loving, nurturing black mother of white children. The conclusion of this study validates that the literary black surrogate mother is most often a creation based upon her author’s specific and personal biases and goals. In conjunction with the above assertion, the critique also contends that the real life black domestic has been and will continue to be significantly influenced by her fictional representative.
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Cravens, Brittany. "Surrogacy Law?: The Unparalleled Social Utility of Surrogacy and The Need for Federal Legislation." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1338487474.

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Swartzel, Gray. "mother / me." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/theses/137.

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mother / me is a visual exploration and analysis of the biological and constructed maternal realms of artist Gray Swartzel’s life. Orienting and navigating childhood influences, Swartzel explains his desire to use Craigslist to seek out surrogates, or mother figures. Interrogating his queer body within the psychological space between himself and his biological and surrogate mothers, he challenges and interrogates conceptions of the nuclear family, critiquing heteronormative assumptions of family. Swartzel tasks himself as an agent to inspect family as a social construct within a larger Lacanian orientation, while seeking out the objet petit a, or cause of desire in such relationships. He details the influences of early twentieth century glamour photography and maternal theory and outlines how they manifest in performances of the self. mother / me is an experiment to investigate the queer relationship between camp and the twenty-first century dandy through the collaboration of a mother and a child to construct visual images.
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Filander, Tanian. "The enforceability of international surrogacy in South Africa : how would a South African court proceed in determining an international surrogacy case?" University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5503.

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Magister Legum - LLM
In this research, I sought to investigate the extent to which South Africa recognises international surrogacy agreements. I examined Chapter 19 of the Children's Act as the first legislation to afford surrogate motherhood agreements legal recognition in South Africa. Section 292(1)(b)-(e) of the Children's Act sets out the requirements for the validity of a surrogate agreement. The validity of the agreement is governed by South African law if it was concluded in South Africa, and at least one of the commissioning parents and the surrogate mother and her husband or partner must be domiciled in South Africa at the time of entering into the agreement. I explored South African legislation that may be applicable to the children born of commissioning parents (whether the commissioning parents are South Africans or foreign nationals) who entered into international surrogacy agreements. I concluded that the main issue that relates to international surrogacy are the implications that rise from registering a surrogate born child’s birth in South Africa and in other countries. I further concluded that the current position of South African law will result in a surrogate born child being left stateless and parentless. I considered the criminal aspect of international surrogacy agreements as a consequence of a null and void international surrogacy agreement. Furthermore, I referred to the legal difficulties of international surrogacy and potential rights infringed on or denied to the child born of an international surrogacy by examining international case law. I concluded that South African courts do not have precedents, guidelines or legislation governing international surrogacy agreements and thus it is important to examine international case law. I further concluded that, it is important for South African authorities and courts to consider the possibility of international surrogacy occurring in South Africa. I hope that the South African courts take a child-centered approach, building on the views established in the international case law, and that courts do not adopt a strict interpretation of our current laws. Lastly, I suggested recommendations for the appropriate manner in which to legislate international surrogacy agreements in South Africa. I submitted that judicial and administrative authorities could inspect the international surrogacy agreement and ensure that the terms do not harm the child and that the child is recognised as the legal child of the commissioning parents. The courts should first look at the suitability of the commissioning parents and finally consider the best interest of the child as being of paramount importance, before ordering the international surrogacy agreement null and void. I further suggested that a statutory regulation that contemplates international surrogacy should be formulated, as a source of reference, which will assist a court when faced with determining the issue of the parentage of a surrogate born child, and consequently, his or her nationality. I concluded that the South African Parliament should either re-draft or provide clearer guidelines regarding surrogacy and the possibility of international surrogacy agreements.
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Casey, Polly. "Family functioning in surrogacy families : perspectives from mothers, fathers, and 7-year old children." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608072.

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Books on the topic "Surrogacy Mother"

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Landau, Elaine. Surrogate mothers. New York: F. Watts, 1988.

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Emma, Dally, ed. Surrogate mother: One woman's story. London: Century, 1985.

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Emma, Dally, ed. Surrogate mother: One woman's story. London: Futura, 1986.

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ill, Gatto Horacio, ed. The gift of surrogacy. Niskayuna, N.Y: Graphite, 2006.

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Bunting, Eve. Surrogate sister. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1985.

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Miracle child: Genetic mother, surrogate womb. Far Hills, N.J: New Horizon Press, 1993.

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Kane, Elizabeth. Birth mother: The story of America's first legal surrogate mother. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.

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Bringing in Finn: An extraordinary surrogacy story. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2012.

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Wertheimer, Alan. Is surrogacy exploitative? [Toronto, Ont.]: Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1992.

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Jacob, Sharon. Reading Mary Alongside Indian Surrogate Mothers. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137505958.

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Book chapters on the topic "Surrogacy Mother"

1

Biervliet, Frank P., and Stephen L. Atkin. "Lactation by a Commissioning Mother in Surrogacy." In Assisted Reproduction Techniques, 412–14. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444398854.ch96.

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Ashenden, Samantha. "Who is the ‘real’ mother? Replacement and the politics of surrogacy." In On Replacement, 125–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76011-7_12.

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Jacob, Sharon. "Desired Mothers, Discounted Mothers: The Postcolonial Surrogate Mother Emerges." In Reading Mary Alongside Indian Surrogate Mothers, 17–40. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137505958_2.

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van den Akker, Olga B. A. "Surrogate Mothers." In Surrogate Motherhood Families, 79–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60453-4_4.

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van den Akker, Olga B. A. "Surrogate Mothers." In Parenthood and Mental Health, 39–49. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470660683.ch4.

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van den Akker, Olga B. A. "Individuals Born from Surrogate Mothers." In Surrogate Motherhood Families, 169–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60453-4_7.

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Majumdar, Anindita. "Surrogate Mothers and Gay Fathers: Navigating the Commercial Surrogacy Arrangement in India." In Intimate Economies, 213–31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56036-0_9.

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Jacob, Sharon. "Surrogacy as Performance of Violent Love: Reading Luke’s Magnificat alongside the Bodies of Indian Surrogate Mothers." In Reading Mary Alongside Indian Surrogate Mothers, 91–123. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137505958_4.

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Ferguson, Kevin L. "The Surrogate Mother: Sed mater certissima?" In Eighties People, 13–35. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137584342_2.

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Jacob, Sharon. "Exploited Exploiters, Victimized Victimizers: Reading the Matthean Mothers alongside the Contextual Body of the Indian Surrogate Mother in Postcolonial India." In Reading Mary Alongside Indian Surrogate Mothers, 41–89. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137505958_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Surrogacy Mother"

1

Anvari, Bahareh, Mine Kaya, Steven Englebretson, Shima Hajimirza, and Hamid A. Toliyat. "Surrogate-Based Optimization of Firing Angles for Switched Reluctance Motor." In 2018 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itec.2018.8450092.

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Rafiee, Vahid, and Jawad Faiz. "Uncertainty Quantification of Permanent Magnet Motor Using Response Surface Surrogate Modeling." In 2020 11th Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pedstc49159.2020.9088480.

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Kuran, Bayindir. "Reliability Based Design Optimization of A Solid Rocket Motor Using Surrogate Models." In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5825.

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Silva, Rodrigo C. P., Min Li, Tanvir Rahman, and David A. Lowther. "Surrogate-based MOEA/D for electric motor design with scarce function evaluations." In 2016 IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cefc.2016.7816151.

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Bu, Lixiao, and Jinhua Du. "Global Optimization Design of a Linear Oscillating Motor Based on Kriging Surrogate Model." In 2019 12th International Symposium on Linear Drives for Industry Applications (LDIA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ldia.2019.8770973.

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Tola, Ceyhun, and Melike Nikbay. "Prediction of Cool-Down Time of a Solid Rocket Motor by a Surrogate Model." In 47th AIAA Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4345.

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Bukhari, Syed Abid Ali Shah, Wenping Cao, Guofeng Li, Shady Gadoue, and Ayman Abdel-Khalik. "Development of a Direct Drive Synchronous Reluctance Motor with a Surrogate-Assisted Optimization Technique." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Renewable Energy (CPERE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpere45374.2019.8980047.

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Liu, Guangwei, Yan Zhang, Shi Jin, and Fengge Zhang. "Research on harmonic current suppression technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on surrogate mode." In 2017 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icems.2017.8056350.

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Ji, Tianpeng, Xuzhen Huang, and Wenshuai Zhou. "Thrust Optimization of Double Primary Tubular Linear Synchronous Motor Based on Neural Network Surrogate Model." In 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icems.2019.8921799.

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Lim, D., K. Yi, S. Jung, J. Ro, and H. Jung. "Optimal design of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor by using a new surrogate assisted multi-objective optimization." In 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2015.7156704.

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