Academic literature on the topic 'Surpoids – métabolisme'
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Journal articles on the topic "Surpoids – métabolisme"
Benmohammed, K., M. T. Nguyen, M. Benlatreche, S. Khensal, N. Nouri, C. Benlatreche, P. Valensi, and A. Lezzar. "Les anomalies du métabolisme glucidique chez les adolescents algériens en surpoids et obèses." Annales d'Endocrinologie 73, no. 4 (September 2012): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2012.07.715.
Full textChabroux, S., S. Beltran, E. Meugnier, H. Vidal, M. Laville, and F. Bonnet. "P11 Effets du Valsartan sur la sensibilité à l’insuline et le métabolisme glucidique chez le patient hypertendu en surpoids (Travail réalisé avec le soutien du laboratoire Novartis)." Diabetes & Metabolism 34 (March 2008): H45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(08)72923-9.
Full textCosson, E., L. Perreault, M. Davies, J. Frias, P. Laursen, I. Lingvay, A. Varbo, J. Wilding, S. Wallenstein, and C. Le Roux. "Sémaglutide 2,4 mg administré de manière hebdomadaire améliore le métabolisme du glucose et le prédiabète chez des adultes en situation de surpoids ou d’obésité dans l’étude clinique STEP 1." Annales d'Endocrinologie 83, no. 5 (October 2022): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2022.07.247.
Full textPreisig, Martin, Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli, and Caroline L. Vandeleur. "PsyCoLaus: une étude prospective des liens entre la santé mentale et les maladies cardiovasculaires." Praxis 109, no. 1 (January 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003373.
Full textA., F. "Des patients en surpoids vraiment sans risque cardio-métabolique ?" Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques 8, no. 6 (December 2014): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1957-2557(14)70900-9.
Full textBenmohammed, K., M. T. Nguyen, S. Khensal, N. Nouri, M. Benletreche, C. Benletreche, P. Valensi, and A. Lezzar. "P241 - Le syndrome métabolique chez les adolescents en surpoids et obèses." Diabetes & Metabolism 37, no. 1 (March 2011): A90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(11)70867-9.
Full textSultan, Ariane. "Risque coronarien associé au surpoids et à l’obésité : pas besoin de syndrome métabolique !" Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques 8, no. 2 (May 2014): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1957-2557(14)70754-0.
Full textScheen, André Jacques, Luc G. Van Gall, Jean-Pierre Després, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Alain Golay, and Christine Hanotin. "Le rimonabant améliore le profil de risque cardio-métabolique chez le sujet obèse ou en surpoids: synthèse des études «RIO»." Revue Médicale Suisse 2, no. 76 (2006): 1916–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2006.2.76.1916.
Full textNdao, Awa Cheikh, Mamadou Diakhaté, Faye Atoumane, Boundia Djiba, Nafissatou Diagne, Baïdy Sy Kane, Birame Codou Fall, et al. "Weight status and comorbidity during osteoarthritis in Senegal." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsoa.2019.6202.
Full textRegaieg, S., N. Charfi, M. Akrout, N. Rekik, S. Yaich, R. Marrakchi, K. Jamoussi, J. Dammak, and M. Abid. "P008 Syndrome métabolique et activité physique mesurée par pédomètre chez des adolescents en surpoids et obèses de la ville de Sfax (Tunisie)." Diabetes & Metabolism 41 (March 2015): A34—A35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(15)30121-x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Surpoids – métabolisme"
Pillard, Fabien. "Mobilisation et utilisation des acides gras à l'exercice musculaire et en récupération chez le sujet en surpoids." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10149.
Full textChouinard-Watkins, Raphaël. "Débalancement du métabolisme des acides gras polyinsaturés à longues chaînes chez les porteurs de l'apolipoprotéine E ε4." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9475.
Full textHis, Mathilde. "Surpoids, obésité et survie après cancer du sein dans la cohorte E3N." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS422/document.
Full textExcess adiposity is a known risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and studies suggest that excess adiposity is also associated with a poor breast cancer survival. However, only few studies have characterized the type of adiposity involved in these associations, as well as the influence of body size changes during life. In addition, despite the fact that several biological mechanisms have been suggested to explain the obesity-cancer relationship, the influence of other metabolic changes frequently associated with excess adiposity, such as dysregulation of lipid metabolism, is not established.Using data from the E3N cohort study, which includes 98 995 women born between 1925 and 1950 and followed since 1990, we studied the associations between several measures of prediagnosis adiposity, as well as body size at several periods in life and body size changes, and survival after breast cancer. Lastly, we focused on the associations between several serum markers of lipid metabolism and risk and survival after breast cancer, in a case-control study nested within the cohort.A higher prediagnosis hip circumference and an increase in lifetime body size were both associated with a poor breast cancer survival. On the contrary, serum lipids were not associated with breast cancer risk or survival.Together, those results underline the necessity of reducing excess adiposity over the life course as much as possible and of a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the obesity-breast cancer survival relationship
Adéchian, Solange. "Influence des fractions protéiques laitières et de la répartition quotidienne de leurs apports sur la composition corporelle et le métabolisme protéique chez le sujet en surpoids ou obèse en phase de restriction énergétique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF1MM16.
Full textIn obese subjects, energy restriction leads to the loss of fat mass but also of fat free mass (FFM). Our aim was to limit energy restriction induced FFM loss by improving protein nutrition. Therefore, we developped an overweight rat model that we characterized : animals were fatter but did not develop metabolic disturbances (cholesterolemia, glycemia, insulinemia, oxidative stress, and tissue fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR)). These overweighted rats were then submitted to a high protein low energy diet containing either a slowly digested milk protein, casein, or rapidly digested milk sloble proteins (MSP), or a mixture of both. In a first study, in which food was distributed over 12h, we obtained a positive effect of casein on FFM and tissue weights but no differences on postprandial FSR. In a second study, in which food was distributed once daily, FFM evolution was similar in all groups but muscle post-absorptive FSR were higher in the casein group. In parallel, we performed a similar study in obese human and we analysed both the effects of the nature of the proteins (casein vs MSP) and of their feeding pattern (in 4 meals or at 80% at lunch). The preliminary results in human do not confirm the results obtained in rats that indicate that casein seems to be an interesting protein source in order to limit FFM loss during energy restriction
Deligia, Eleonora. "Genetic and diet-induced disruption of tanycyte transcytosis : molecular mechanisms, metabolic consequences and pharmacological therapy : Metformin strikes again." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS025.
Full textObesity is a growing epidemic in the world, characterized by an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Disruption of the body-brain communication, essential for maintaining glucose and energy homeostasis, arises from obesogenic and genetic factors, leading to metabolic disorders. The adipokine leptin controls energy homeostasis by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure through its action in the hypothalamus, however in the context of diet-induced obesity (DIO) circulating leptin quickly fails to reach its target neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Interestingly it has been shown that tanycytes, which are ependymoglial cells lining the floor of the third ventricle, shuttle leptin into the MBH in an extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) and a leptin receptor (LepR) dependent manner. Indeed, in DIO mice, the reactivation of ERK rescues leptin central transport and in mice in which leptin receptor is selectively knocked out in tanycytes (LeprTanKO), leptin entry in the brain is impaired. In addition, we now establish that the inhibition of vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP1-3)-mediated molecules release with targeted expression of botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) in tanycytes induces a prediabetic state. In mice on a standard diet, selective expression of BoNT/B in tanycytes blocks leptin transport into the brain, resulting in increased food intake, abdominal fat deposition, and heightened leptin levels. Concurrently, it favors fatty acid storage and leads to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we assessed whether metformin treatment could impact on leptin-transport in DIO mice. Indeed, metformin is a weight loss promoting anti-diabetic drug known both to increase leptin sensitivity and to induce ERK phosphorylation. Firstly, we show that metformin boosts the release of leptin previously taken up by tanycytes in a model of tanycyte primary culture. In vivo, we observe that a chronic metformin treatment significantly induces body weight loss and reduces food intake in DIO mice. Hypothalamic microdialysis approaches showed that this metformin-induced reduction in body weight was associated with the rescue of leptin transport into the brain. Intriguingly, knocking out selectively LepR, but not the AMP-regulated kinase AMPK, a known metformin target, in tanycytes blunted both the ability of metformin to rescue leptin shuttles and to induce weight loss in DIO mice, suggesting that the anti-obesity effects of metformin are mainly mediated by its action on tanycytes. These findings underscore the central role of tanycytes in brain-periphery communication, highlighting their potential implications in type 2 diabetes and their possible action modulation as a therapeutic strategy against overweight and obesity
Ngo, Kim Tu An. "Lipides intramyocellulaires (IMCL) et exercice. Evaluation par la technique histochimique dans les champs d’application : effet de l’exercice aigu de très longue durée : effet de l’entraînement chez les sujets âgés et les sujets en surpoids." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET016T/document.
Full textLipid metabolism is involved during muscle exercise. Energetic contribution of lipids increases during long lasting endurance exercise of moderate intensity (40% à 60% of VO2max). As well as circulating free fatty acids, intramyocellular lipid storages (IMCL) are postulated to be used during performances longer than 4 hours. Due the the lack experimental evidences untill today, a first study was undertaken on 10 athletes (40 ± 6 yrs) during a 24h running. Results obtained on vastus lateralis muscle showed a significant 56% and 45% decrease of IMCL in type I and IIA fibres respectively while glycogen decreased only in type I fibres. These data indicate a more efficient catabolism of IMCL than those of glycogen in fast twitch fibres during ultra endurance exercise, of which mechanism remains to be explored. IMCL accumulates during ageing or overweighting and may constitute a risk of insulin resistance (IR). A combined 14 weeks endurance (ET) and resistance (RT) training was followed by older (73 ± 6 yrs) and overweighted (58 ± 5 yrs) subjects. In the two groups IMCL increased (p<0.05) in vastus lateralis muscle (after ET) but remained stable in deltoidus muscle (after RT) and was linked to an increase (p<0.05) of β-oxydation enzymatic capacity after ET. Muscle ceramides, a category of lipids implicated in IR, decreased (p=0.052) after ET and not after RT. These results confirm that increase in IMCL is not a metabolic risk factor and that ET induces a decrease of both ceramides and IR
Belouze, Maud. "Régulation originale de la balance énergétique du rat Lou/C : un modèle d'hyperactivité et de résistance à l'obésité." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658554.
Full textLambert, Delphine. "Influence d’un régime riche en graisses sur un modèle de vieillissement « accéléré » : étude de la fonction et de la morphologie cardiaque, la fonction artérielle, le métabolisme et l’inflammation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0266/document.
Full textObesity and being overweight have been described as a global pandemic. Both obesity and aging will lead to cardiovascular complications. In addition, it has been highlighted that obesity promotes premature cardiac aging in young adults. The hypothesis of this work is that a high fat diet begun before adulthood, pursued over a long period of time, could lead to “accelerated” cardiovascular and metabolic aging. We have demonstrated, in an aging mouse model, that an early high fat diet leads to metabolic disorders and to an increase in fat mass and a deterioration in metabolism of white adipose tissue. These disorders are associated with alterations in cardiac morphology and function, despite an absence of changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Ageing, in obese mice, leads to ventricular remodeling accompanied by systolic dysfunction. In cardiac tissue, aging and early diet lead to an increased expression of fibrosis genes confirming the hypertrophic phenotype. Aging associated with an early high fat diet led also to an up-regulation of GDF11. GDF11 may then be considered as a marker of accelerated cardiac aging. These results may suggest therapeutic or preventive pathways, where inhibition of GDF11 improves prognosis and survival in obese subjects with cardiovascular disease. The study of this model has allowed us to demonstrate that a high fat diet leads to accelerated aging at the level of the heart
Hajj, Cynthia El. "Effet de la vitamine D sur les marqueurs métaboliques et la fonction musculaire : étude chez des sujets libanais âgés, normo-pondéraux ou obèses." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS015.
Full textThe main role of vitamin D is to control the homeostasis of the phosphorus and calcium status of the body. Recent observational studies have shown that vitamin D is also able to regulate insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, thus playing an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In addition, vitamin D has been shown to modulate muscle health. For example, vitamin D deficiency negatively influences muscle mass and muscle function in the elderly. Studies have clearly shown that correcting vitamin D deficiencies improves muscle contractile function and muscle strength in this population. In addition, the level of physical activity decreases with age, that negatively affects muscle mass and contractile function, and leads to weight gain, mainly due to increased body fat. However, studies have found that overweight seniors are characterized by lower blood vitamin D levels, lower muscle mass and strength compared to a reference age population.The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance index, as well as on appendicular muscle mass (ASMM) and muscle strength in normal weight or overweight older people. This work is based on a randomized controlled trial, performed in single blind. In terms of results, we show that vitamin D intake in normal or overweight elderly subjects, characterized by a low vitamin D status, improved short-term fasting glucose and insulin resistance markers. The increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] after supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in fasting insulin levels and in HOMA-IR index. We were able to identify a correlation between low serum concentrations of [25 (OH) D] and a decrease in glucose tolerance and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.Regarding muscle markers, we have shown that vitamin D supplementation has beneficial implications on appendicular muscle mass and fat mass in elderly men and women. However, we found no significant effect on muscle strength. We also found that overweight subjects had a lower serum [25 (OH) D] at baseline. In addition the increase in muscle mass after vitamin D intake was lower in this group than in normal weight subjects.Overall, this work shows that it is necessary to monitor the vitamin D status in older people, especially in overweight subjects
Mendelson, Monique. "Importance de l'activité physique, de l'exercice musculaire et du sommeil sur le risque cardiovasculaire et métabolique de la personne en surpoids ou obèse." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS002/document.
Full textObesity is a major public health issue and is associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity. Recent studies underline the potential bidirectional association between sleep and obesity: sleep seems to contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity also appears to play an etiological role in the development of sleep disturbances, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Physical activity is an important modality for the treatment of obesity and OSA and can contribute to decreasing cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. However, both obesity and OSA have been associated with exercise intolerance.In this thesis, we explored the relation between physical activity, exercise, obesity, sleep and associated cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese adults with OSA and obese adolescents.We showed that physical activity is the major determinant for evening blood pressure in adults with OSA presenting high cardiovascular risk. We then explored the effects of OSA on cardiorespiratory fitness and lipid oxidation in non-obese adults with OSA. Accumulation of chest wall fat can increase ventilatory constraint during exercise and may contribute to exercise intolerance in obesity. Thus, we aimed to verify the role of ventilatory factors in obese adolescents' exercise tolerance. We chose this population because their cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors are not fully established therefore we could isolate the effects of ventilatory factors on exercise tolerance. Our results showed that obese adolescents breathed at lower lung volumes and presented ventilatory constraint during weight-bearing exercise (walking). Exercise training improved breathing strategy by restoring breathing at higher lung volumes and decreasing ventilatory constraint. We also confirmed the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities (inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin-resistance) and altered sleep quality and quantity. Long-term maintenance of weight loss is difficult to achieve, thus we examined the effects of exercise training alone, without dietary restriction, on markers of cardiovascular metabolic morbidity and sleep in obese adolescents. In the absence of weight loss, we showed improved metabolic and cardiovascular anomalies, improved sleep quality and quantity as well as increased spontaneous physical activity. The subgroup of participants who lost the most visceral fat demonstrated greater improvements in insulin-resistance and inflammation. Maintaining the beneficial effects of an exercise rehabilitation program is of particular importance. Thus, a methodological part of this thesis focused on the transferability of metabolic indices measured in a laboratory (i.e. Lipoxmax and crossover point) onto the field in order to prescribe Adapted Physical Activities. This study suggests the need to perform specific tests to use these indices outside of a clinical setting.In conclusion, our results highlight the major role of physical activity and exercise (without dietary restriction) in the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity with or without OSA
Books on the topic "Surpoids – métabolisme"
Dervaux, Jean-Loup. Surpoids, hypertension, cholestérol: Gare au syndrome métabolique! Labège: Dangles, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Surpoids – métabolisme"
Depiesse, Frédéric, and Jean-Luc Grillon. "Surpoids, obésité, syndrome métabolique et activité physique." In Prescription des Activités Physiques, 91–120. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-74464-8.00005-x.
Full textGrillon, J. L., and F. Depiesse. "Surpoids, obésité, syndrome métabolique et activité physique." In Prescription des activités physiques, 75–92. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-70215-0.00005-3.
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