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Suttee, Ashish, Vijay Mishra, Pallavi Nayak, Manvendra Singh, and Pavani Sriram. "Niosomes: Potential Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 11, no. 03 (September 25, 2020): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.3.13.
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Niosomes are novel vesicular drug delivery systems, where the solution is surrounded by non-ionic surfactant vesicles. The niosomes offer different benefits over the traditional drug delivery system. Niosomes are structurally similar to liposomes, as they also consist of a bilayer. In the case of niosomes, the bilayer consists of non-ionic surface-active agents instead of phospholipids, as seen in liposomes. Niosomes are much more stable during the process of formulation and storage, as compared to liposomes. Niosomes may resolve the issues of insolubility, volatility, poor bioavailability, and rapid drug degradation. It has been discovered in recent years that, these vesicles can enhance drug bioavailability and can act as a new strategy to deliver many conventional therapeutic agents, such as, protein drugs, and gene materials. It is also easy to prepare and scale up this novel delivery system with low production costs. The delivery of drugs via niosomal formulations may be relevant to several pharmacological agents for their activity against different diseases. The present review provides an overview about the advantages and disadvantages, fabrication techniques, types, characterization technique, and different applications of niosomes.
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Rahiman Mohammed Noor Hazira and M Sunitha Reddy. "Niosomes: A nanocarrier drug delivery system." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 22, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.22.2.0062.
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Novel approaches in the drug delivery system can be used for drug targeting in which the drug gets distributed in the body in such a manner that drug interacts with the target tissue. Niosomes are a type of novel drug delivery system in which the medication is encapsulated in a vesicle. Niosomes are a non-ionic surfactant based multilamellar or unilamellar vesicles in which a fluid arrangement of solute is completely enclosed by a membrane because of the association of surfactant macromolecules as a bilayer. Niosomes release the drug in a controlled manner through its bilayer. Niosomes can be used to carry both the amphiphilic and lipophilic drugs. Niosomes have a great potential in targeted drug delivery of anticancer and anti-infective agents. Niosomes are used to modify the drug release profile, drug absorption, distribution and elimination for the benefit of improving product efficacy and safety and improving patient convenience and compliance. They are very small and microscopic. Although they are structurally similar to liposomes, they offer several advantages over them. Niosomes are stable, less toxic and less expensive than liposomes. This review article represents the structure of Niosomes, its advantages and disadvantages, applications, method of preparation, and characterization techniques of Niosomes.
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Ray, Sudhir Kumar, Nargish Bano, Tripti Shukla, Neeraj Upmanyu, Sharad P. Pandey, and Geeta Parkhe. "Noisomes: as novel vesicular drug delivery system." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2029.
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Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to target sites within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Niosome are microscopic non-ionic surfactant bilayer vesicles obtained on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation of cholesterol or their lipids. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs. Noisome are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic, more stable, inexpensive, biodegradable, biocompatible, non immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in their structural characterization. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various charge inducers which develop a charge on the surface of niosomes and stabilize the prepared formulation by the resulting repulsive forces. Niosomes have been widely evaluated for controlled release and targeted delivery for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, microbial diseases, psoriasis, leishmaniasis, migraine, parkinson and other diseases. Niosomes can prolong the circulation of the entrapped drug in body. Encapsulation of drug in vesicular system can be predicted to prolong the existence of drug in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, perhaps reduce toxicity if selective uptake can be achieved. In addition to conventional, oral and parenteral routes, they are amenable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal and inhalation routes. Delivery of biotechnological products including vaccine delivery with niosomes is also an interesting and promising research area. More concerted research efforts, however, are still required to realize the full potential of these novel systems. This review article focuses on the concept of niosomes, advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, separation of unentrapped drug, factors influencing the niosomal formulation and characterization, marketed formulations of niosomes and also gives up to date information regarding recent applications of niosomes in drug delivery.
Keyword: Drug-delivery system, Niosomes,
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VERMEHREN, C., S. FROKJAER, T. AURSTAD, and J. HANSEN. "Lung surfactant as a drug delivery system." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 307, no. 1 (January 3, 2006): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.029.
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Bindhani, Sabitri, S. Mohapatra, and R. K. Kar. "Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Recent Approach." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 4 (February 27, 2019): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21569.
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In recent years, nearly 40 % newer drugs compounds are hydrophobic in nature, which is a major challenge now-a-days for oral drug delivering due to low aqueous solubility. Lipid based drug delivery system is one of the favourable approach for poorly soluble compounds which can improve the drug absorption and oral bioavailability. Due to ion-pairing with appropriate surfactant and co-surfactant the macromolecular drug molecular oil droplet being found in the gut flow oral absorption which sufficiently stable towards lipase. Due to the formation of emulsified drug in micron level, it can efficiently endow the oral bioavailability. Several comprehensive papers have been published in the literature illustration diverse type of lipid based formulation with recent advancements. This article is based on an exhaustive and updated review on newer technology which out line an explicit discussion on its formulations and industrial scale up.
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Wankhade, Vikrant P., Nivedita S. Kale, and K. K. Tapar. "Self Microemulsifying Nutraceutical and Drug Delivery Systems." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2014): 2520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2014.7.3.3.
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Many chemical entities and nutraceuticals are poor water soluble and show high lipophilicity. It’s difficult to formulate them into oral formulation because of its low aqueous solubility which ultimately affects bioavailability. To enhance the bioavailability of such drugs compounds, self microemulsifying drug delivery system is the reliable drug delivery system. In this system the drug is incorporated in the isotropic system and formulated as unit dosage form. Self microemulsifying drug delivery system is the novel emulsified system composed of anhydrous isotropic mixture of oils, surfactant, and co solvent and sometimes co surfactant. Drug is directly dispersed into the entire gastro intestinal tract with continuous peristaltic movement and drug is available in the solution form of microemulsion, absorbed through lymphatic system and bypasses the dissolution step. Hence they increase the patient compliance. The excipients are selected on basis of construction of ternary phase diagram. Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system is very useful for drug in which drug dissolution is rate limiting step. This review describes the novel approaches and evaluation parameters of the self microemulsifying drug delivery system towards different classic drugs, proteins-peptides, and nutraceuticals in various oral microemulsion compositions and microstructures.
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Minakshee G. Nimbalwar, Bhushan R. Gudalwar, Wrushali A. Panchale, Ashish B. Wadekar, Jagdish V. Manwar, and Ravindra L. Bakal. "An overview of characterizations and applications of proniosomal drug delivery system." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.2.0095.
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Proniosomal drug delivery system is a stable provesicular system in nanotechnology to overcome the drawbacks associated with other vesicular systems. These are water-soluble pro-vesicular drug carriers coated with a non-ionic surfactant which on hydration give niosomes. The system is encapsulated and shows a systemic and targeted delivery of poorly soluble drugs with increased bioavailability and decreased side effects. Here we have covered characterizations and applications of the proniosomal drug delivery system.
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Vidhya, Beebireddy, Amarapalli Divya, Makka Mounica, and Bhargav Bhongiri. "Non-ionic surfactant carrier/vesicle drug delivery system." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 4, no. 2 (2023): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.2.149-155.
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Niosomes are one of the prominent Novel Drug Delivery systems. Niosomes are made up of non-ionic surfactants with or without cholesterol. Primarily niosomes are similar to liposomes in terms of physical properties but differ in chemical nature. Due to their higher chemical stability of surfactants than lipids these are unsurpassed when compared with liposomes. As niosomes are amphiphilic they can be utilized as a carrier for both lipophilic, and hydrophilic drugs. The application of niosomes is widely varied and can be used to treat several diseases like cancer, leishmaniasis, Parkinson, Psoriasis disease, etc. This review focuses on all aspects of niosomes including their historical development, structural components, types, formulation techniques, factors affecting their formation, controlling the size, separation of unentrapped materials, characterization, therapeutic potentials, and stability.
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Kalra, Naresh, and G. Jeyabalan. "Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Niosomal drug Delivery in Cancer Chemotherapy." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 5, no. 04 (December 31, 2017): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.5.4.6.
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Drug delivery systems are defined as formulations aim for transportation of a drug to the desired area of action within the body. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of using Niosomes as a drug delivery system for Cisplatin By entrapment of drug in Niosomes, dose also could be reduced. Niosomes were prepared by Ethanol injection method using cholesterol and Surfactant. Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release studies were performed. The targeted niosome delivery system is composed of drug, surfactant and cholesterol. With regard to the influence of formulation variables on the percent drug loading (PDL), different compositions with varying ratios of surfactant and cholesterol were studied. In –Vitro drug release mechanism was studied for 24 hours.
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Mishra, Amul, Ridhi Panola, and A. C. Rana. "Microemulsions: As drug delivery system." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 3, no. 4 (August 25, 2014): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2014.3412.
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Microemulsions are excellent candidates as potential drug delivery systems because of their improved drug solubilization, long shelf life, and ease of preparation and administration. The formulation of microemulsion for pharmaceutical use requires a thorough understanding of the properties, uses, and limitations of microemulsion. Three distinct microemulsions – oil external, water external and middle phase can be used for drug delivery, depending upon the type of drug delivery upon the type of drug and the site of action. In this article, Since the term ‘microemulsion’ was first coined almost fifty years ago to describe clear, isotropic, thermodynamically stable systems composed of oil, water, surfactant and cosurfactant, numerous and varied reports of the applications of microemulsions have appeared in the literature. Reports of the use of microemulsions in separation science began to appear in the literature in the early 1990’s when they were first used as mobile phases for HPLC and as carrier electrolytes for CE separations, particularly for pharmaceutical applications.
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Sahoo, Ranjan Ku, Nikhil Biswas, Arijit Guha, Nityananda Sahoo, and Ketousetuo Kuotsu. "Nonionic Surfactant Vesicles in Ocular Delivery: Innovative Approaches and Perspectives." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/263604.
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With the recent advancement in the field of ocular therapy, drug delivery approaches have been elevated to a new concept in terms of nonionic surfactant vesicles (NSVs), that is, the ability to deliver the therapeutic agent to a patient in a staggered profile. However the major drawbacks of the conventional drug delivery system like lacking of permeability through ocular barrier and poor bioavailability of water soluble drugs have been overcome by the emergence of NSVs. The drug loaded NSVs (DNSVs) can be fabricated by simple and cost-effective techniques with improved physical stability and enhance bioavailability without blurring the vision. The increasing research interest surrounding this delivery system has widened the areas of pharmaceutics in particular with many more subdisciplines expected to coexist in the near future. This review gives a comprehensive emphasis on NSVs considerations, formulation approaches, physicochemical properties, fabrication techniques, and therapeutic significances of NSVs in the field of ocular delivery and also addresses the future development of modified NSVs.
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Priani, Sani Ega, Desti Puspa Rahayu, and Indra Topik Maulana. "Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Oral Delivery of Cod Liver Oil." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 4, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v4i2.1942.
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Cod liver oil (CLO) has long been used as medicine or as a functional food. The CLO is a potential source of vitamin D, vitamin A, and omega fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA and docosahexaenoic acid/DHA). Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) can enhance dissolution, absorption, and bioavailability of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances for oral administration. The objective of this study was to develop a SNEDDS of CLO with good physical characteristics and stability. The optimization formula was carried out using various ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. The physical properties of SNEDDS were determined by transmittance percentage, dispersibility, robustness, thermodynamics stability (heating-cooling cycle, centrifugation, and freeze-thaw cycle), and globule size distribution. The optimum formula of CLO-SNEDDS was obtained at a ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant 2 : 1 and a comparison of oil and surfactant mixtures 1 : 6. The CLO-SNEDDS meets the requirement of percent transmittance (97.90±0.85), dispersibility (grade A), and stability based on robustness and thermodynamic stability tests. Diluted SNEDDS has an average globule size of 125 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.515. CLO-SNEDDS preparation has good physical characteristics and stability.
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K., Mounika, Praneetha P., and Srinivas N. "TRANSFERSOMES AS NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 04 (April 30, 2023): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16737.
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Transdermal drug delivery appears to be most vital drug delivery system because of its merit over conventional systems. Transferosomes & the fundamental concept of transfersomes were launched by Gregor Cevc in the year 1991. The name means carrying body and is derived from the Latin word transferre, meaning to carry across and the Greek word soma, meaning a body. Novel drug delivery system aims to deliver the drug at a rate directed by need of body during the period of treatment and channel the active entity to the site of action. Transferosome is one of the novel vesicular drug delivery system which consists of phospholipids, surfactant and water for enhanced transdermal delivery. Transferosomes are able to reach intact deeper regions of the skin after topical drug administration while delivering higher concentrations of active substances making them a successful carrier for transdermal applications. These vesicular systems can deliver low as well as high molecular weight compounds. Targeted and controlled release formulations can also be prepared by transferosomes as it can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. Various strategies can be used to augment the transdermal delivery which includes iontophoresis, electrophoresis, sonophoresis, chemical permeation enhancers, microneedles, & vesicular system (liposomes, niosomes, elastic liposomes such as ethosomes & transfersomes). It exists as an ultra-deformable complex having a hydrated core surrounded by a complex layer of lipid. It penetrates the stratum corneum by either intracellular route or the transcellular route by the generation of osmotic gradient. Advantages of Transferosomes are wide range of solubilities, better penetration, biocompatible and biodegradable etc. Disadvantages of Transferosomes are oxidative degradation, expensive, etc. The transfersomes were formulated by the conventional rotary evaporation sonication method. Transferosomes can be applied in controlled release, transportation of large molecular weight compounds, target delivery to peripheral subcutaneous tissues, transdermal immunization etc.
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D, Saritha, Penjuri Subhash Chandra Bose, and Nagaraju Ravoru. "Formulation and Evaluation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Naproxen." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 2715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2015.8.1.3.
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Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) possess unparalleled potential in improving oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Following their oral administration, these systems rapidly disperse in gastrointestinal fluids, yielding micro or nanoemulsions containing the solubilized drug. The objective of the present work was to formulate a self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for naproxen. Naproxen SNEDDS were formulated using Labrafac PG (Oil), Span 80 (Surfactant) and propylene glycol (Co surfactant). The developed SNEDDS were evaluated for turbidimetry, droplet size analysis, zeta potential, refractive index, viscosity, drug content and in vitro diffusion profiles. All formulations of naproxen SNEDDS showed globule size in nanometric range, good stability with no phase separation and rapidly formed clear emulsion. All formulations showed more than 95% of drug release at the end of 60 min. The SEDDS showed improved dissolution rate compared to pure naproxen. Anti-inflammatory studies were conducted in Wistar strain male albino rats and ibuprofen SNEDDS showed more significant activity than the pure drug. The study illustrated the potential of naproxen SNEDDS for oral administration and its biopharmaceutical performance.
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Singh, Dilpreet. "Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Versatile Carrier for Lipophilic Drugs." Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 9, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738509666210422124023.
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Background: Lipid-based systems such as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have resurged the eminence of nanoemulsions and offer many useful drug delivery opportunities. In the modern drug discovery era, there is a constant increase in the number of poorly soluble new chemical entities that suffer from poor and erratic bioavailability problems. The oral route possesses some major disadvantages, such as lack of constant drug levels in plasma, firstpass metabolism, which results in poor bioavailability. To address these problems, various lipidbased therapeutic systems are available from which self-enanoemulsifying systems have the potential to increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Methods: SNEDDS is the isotropic mixture of oils, surfactant, and co-surfactant having droplet size in the range of 100-200 nm, which spontaneously emulsifies when it contacts with aqueous media in gastrointestinal (G.I) fluid. Various preparative methods are available for SNEDDS, such as high-pressure homogenizer, microfluidization, sonication, phase inversion, and shear state methods. These methods show favorable benefits in drug delivery. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system possesses some disadvantages like precipitation of drug in G.I fluid or possible drug leaving in the capsule dosage form due to incompatibility issues, which can be overcome by more advanced techniques like supersaturated SNEDDS containing a precipitation inhibitor or Solid SNEDDS. These areformulated either through spray drying or using a solid carrier. Conclusion: The lipid-based nanocarrier (SNEDDS) plays a significant role in drug delivery to overcome the poor solubility and oral bioavailability. This review highlights the elaborative aspects of the diverse advantages of SNEDDS based formulations.
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Al-Tamimi, Duaa J., and Ahmed A. Hussien. "Formulation and Characterization of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Tacrolimus." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 30, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol30iss1pp91-100.
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Abstract
The present investigation aimed to formulate a liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of tacrolimus to enhance its oral bioavailability by improving its dispersibility and dissolution rate. Four liquid SMEDDS were prepared using maisine CC as oil phase, labrasol ALF as surfactant and transcutol HP as co-surfactant based on the solubility studies of tacrolimus in these components. The phase behavior of the components and the area of microemulsion were evaluated using pseudoternary phase diagrams. The formulations were also assessed for thermodynamic stability, robustness to dilution, self-emulsification time, drug content, globule size and polydispersity index. The prepared SMEDDS formulations exhibited improved drug release compared to the pure drug powder. From this study, it was concluded that using a composition of 10% maisine CC, 67.5% labrasol ALF and 22.5% transcutol produced a liquid SMEDDS with good thermodynamic stability and enhanced in-vitro drug release profiles compared with pure tacrolimus powder. All which supports the use of self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems as a promising approach to improve solubility, dissolution and stability of poorly soluble drugs like tacrolimus.
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Patel, Vipul P., Hardik A. Lakkad, and Kalpesh Chhotalal Ashara. "Formulation Studies of Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Ivermectin." Folia Medica 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 580–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2018-0024.
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Abstract Background: The suggested dose of ivermectin is 300 μG/kg/day for onchocerciasis but it has low water solubility and poor oral bioavailability. Aim: To prepare and evaluate a solid lipid-based self-emulsifying drug delivery system of ivermectin. Materials and methods: Based on supersaturated solubility study, oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant were selected. On the basis of ternary phase diagrams and simplex-lattice design, self-emulsifying, drug delivery formulations had been developed and optimized. Ivermectin-excipients compatibility studies were performed using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery formulation was formulated from the optimized batch by surface assimilation method and filled into hard gelatin capsules. In vitro release rate and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of ivermectin from the capsules were determined. Two-tailed paired t-test/Dunnett multiple comparison tests were performed for in vivo pharmacokinetic parameter at 95 % of confidence level. Results: Soybeans oil, tween 80, and span 80 were selected as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant respectively. The ternary diagrams were shown the maximum area for emulsion in 1:2 surfactant/co-surfactant ratio. The optimized batch had found with 30 mg ivermectin, 6.17 g soybeans oil, 0.30 g tween 80, and 3.50 g span 80. All differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared characteristic peaks of the optimized formulation were identical with that of pure ivermectin. The area under the curve of ivermectin from the capsule was about two-fold higher than that of ivermectin suspension. Conclusions: Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system was an effective oral solid dosage form to improve the oral bioavailability of ivermectin.
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Dhumal, Nikhil, Vishal Yadav, and Smita Borkar. "Nanoemulsion as Novel Drug Delivery System: Development, Characterization and Application." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 10, no. 6 (December 14, 2022): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v10i6.1205.
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A dispersed nano-system with droplet sizes as small as submicrons is called a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water, surfactant, and co-surfactant. Nanoemulsion typically has droplet sizes between 20 and 200 nanometer. The size and composition of the scattered particles in a continuous phase are the primary distinctions between an emulsion and a nanoemulsion. This approach is intended to alleviate some of the issues that low bioavailability and noncompliance, two issues with traditional drug delivery systems, bring up.Today, nano emulsion can be created for a number of administration routes. A nano emulsion formulation can be considered an effective, secure, and patient-compliant pharmaceutical delivery method. Nowadays, nano emulsions have attracted a lot of interest in pharmacotherapy, dosage form design, and research. A surfactant and a cosurfactant can preserves the stability components of nanoemulsion. Brief details on the types, preparation process, stability, assessment, and applications of nanoemulsion are provided in this review.
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Wannas, Ali N., and Nidhal K. Maraie. "Preparation and in-vitro evaluation of cilostazol self-emulsifying drug delivery system." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v20i1.682.
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This work reported a first liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SEDD) of cilostazol using oleic acid as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant, and transcutol as co-surfactant. Cilostazol is a poor water-soluble phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, which has antiplatelet
and vasodilator effect used to relief intermittent claudication symptoms. Cilostazol solubility was determined in various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants and phase diagram was constructed at different oil: surfactant: co-surfactant ratios to determine the existence of nano-emulsion region. The in-vitro dissolution profile showed an optimized cilostazol SEDD formula (LT1) containing oleic acid (10%) as oil, tween 80 (45%) as surfactant, and transcutol (45%) as co-surfactant in comparison with the commercial conventionally Tablets. The LT1 formula was thermodynamically sTable, with a zeta potential of -30.48 mV and droplet size 154 nm. The LT1 capsule showed a superior dissolution profile (100%) when compared to the commercial Tablet (64%) of cilostazol.
The objective of the present study is to formulate cilostazol as an oral liquid SEDD with better solubility and drug release to overcome a variable bioavailability of the commercial Tablet in which a high-fat meal increases absorption to approximately 90%.
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Worachun, Narumon, Praneet Opanasopit, Theerasak Rojanarata, and Tanasait Ngawhirunpat. "Development of Ketoprofen Microemulsion for Transdermal Drug Delivery." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.441.
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The aim of this study was to prepare microemulsion for transdermal drug delivery of ketoprofen (KP). The physicochemical and chemical properties of microemulsion were evaluated. The microemulsion were composed of isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil phase, water, PEG40-hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH40) as surfactant and PEG400 as co-surfactant, and the surfactant: co-surfactant ratio used was 1:1. The viscosity, droplet size, pH, conductivity of microemulsion and skin permeation of KP through shed snake skin were evaluated. The particle size, viscosity and conductivity of microemulsions were in the range of 172-468 nm, 234.82-1067.35 cP and 6.80-20.87µS/cm, respectively. The ratio of IPM and surfactant mixture played an important role on KP loading capacity of microemulsions formulation and skin permeation of KP. While amount of surfactant increased, the loading capacity of KP increased, but the skin permeation of KP decreased. The results suggested that the novel microemulsion system composed of IPM, water, Cremophor® RH40:PEG400 (ratio 1:1) can be applied for using as a transdermal drug delivery carrier.
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A. Hussein, Ahmed. "Preparation and Evaluation of Liquid and Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Mebendazole." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) 23, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol23iss1pp89-100.
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The aim of present study was to develop solid and liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of poorly water soluble drug mebendazole using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. Microemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a co-surfactant having droplet size range usually in the range of 20-250 nm. Oleic acid, tween 80 and polypropylene glycol were selected as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively and for preparation of stable SMEDDS, micro emulsion region was identified by constructing pseudo ternary phase diagram containing different proportion of surfactant: co-surfactant (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1), oil and water. In brief S/ CoS mix means surfactant to co-surfactant and oil were mixed at ratio of 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 and 9:1 manner. To the resultant mixtures, water was added drop wise till the first sign of turbidity in order to identify the end point and after equilibrium; if the system became clear then the water addition was continued. Prepared optimised formula of microemulsion was evaluated for SEM, particle size analysis, polydispersity index, phase separation, viscosity determination, zeta potential, in- vitro dissolution study and in- vivo studies. The optimized microemulsion was converted into solid form by Spray Drying technique by using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. Prepared SMEDDS was characterized for same parameters as that of microemulsion. Solid SMEDDS of mebendazole prepared using Aerosil 200 by spray drying technique showed good drug content uniformity. After reconstitution it formed microemulsion with micrometric range. In-vitro drug release and in-vivo plasma drug concentration of microemulsion and SMEDDS was much higher than that of marketed praparation. Hence lipid based drug delivery system may efficiently formulate microemulsion and it can be solidified easily by spray drying technique which enhances dissolution rate and thus concomitantly bioavailability. In conclusion ,self micro emulsifying drug delivery system has become promising tool to overcome shortcomings associated with conventional delivery.
Kew words: Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system, Microemulsion, Mebendazole.
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Ghanbarzadeh, Saeed, Arash Khorrami, and Sanam Arami. "Nonionic surfactant-based vesicular system for transdermal drug delivery." Drug Delivery 22, no. 8 (January 8, 2014): 1071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2013.873837.
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Mahajan, Jyotsna T., Nayan Gujarathi, Anil Jadhav, Vasim Pathan, and Lakshmikant Borse. "LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE TOPICAL DELIVERY OF TOLNAFTATE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 3 (July 20, 2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i3.349.
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The present investigation deals with the formulation, optimization and evaluation of liquid crystalline cream of Tolnaftate. Brij-78 used as a surfactant, Cetostearyl alcohol was used as a co-surfactant and Silicon oil as a oil phase. Liquid crystalline cream system, has a potential for efficient delivery of Tolnaftate (1%), as topical dermal drug delivery system. The liquid crystalline system enhance the diffusion of water insoluble drug Tolnaftate through the skin for effective result. Liquid crystals (LC) are substances that flow like liquids but maintain some of the ordered structure characteristics of crystalline solids. Based on the ways that LCs are generated, they can be classified into two types 1) Thermotropic LCS and 2) Lyotropic LCs. Incorporation of the drug in liquid crystal increased its antimycotic activity against different antifungal microorganisms. Used surfactant enhance the penetration of drug and also improve the solubility of drug. The objective of this study was to increase the diffusion coefficient of drug through the formulation, and also to improve the availability of drug at the site of action. The prepared liquid crystalline cream exhibited the expected, viscosity, drug content, pH, spreadability, in vitro drug release and in vitro antimycotic inhibitory activity. Liquid crystalline cream for tolnaftate was found to be stable cream. It was found to have better in vitrorelease profile characteristics, and in vitro antimycotic activity, it can be concluded that the formulation F5 has better potential of antimicrobial activity and to enhance the diffusion of drug through the cream.
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Rosalina, Ajeng illastria, Erny Sagita, and Iskandarsyah Iskandarsyah. "Novasome: Combining Ufasome and Niosome for Excellent Vesicular Drug Delivery System." Sciences of Pharmacy 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.58920/sciphar02010035.
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Novasome technology is a novel encapsulation-based drug delivery method that is more effective and efficient than standard liposome systems. It is composed of a mixture of surfactant, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, which produce superior vesicle characteristics for drug delivery. Various studies have investigated the optimal combination of surfactant type, free fatty acid type, and their ratio, as well as the formulation factors that can significantly affect the vesicle characteristics. The novasome technology has demonstrated its potential for delivering a range of substances, including terconazole, fenticonazole, zolmitriptan, and vaccines. Novasomes can be produced using various methods, such as the thin film hydration (TFH) method, injection method, and vortex method combined with a suitable size reduction method. Future research can focus on exploring the potential of novasome technology for delivering a wider range of drugs and vaccines and developing more efficient and effective methods for producing novasome vesicles.
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Chatterjee, Shayeri, Beduin Mahanti, Subhabrota Majumdar, and Rana Mazumder. "APPROACHES AND ROLE OF PROTEIN BASED NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW." Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science 6, no. 2 (June 2019): 1879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2019.6.2.8.
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Hong, Seyoung, and Hee Ho Park. "Drug Delivery System Using Protein Nanoparticles." KSBB Journal 35, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2020.35.1.10.
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Deshmukh, Suwarna R., Suparna S. Bakhle, Kanchan P. Upadhye, and Gouri R. Dixit. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID SELF-EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF GLICLAZIDE." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2016): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i11.14104.
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Objective: Gliclazide (GCZ) is a widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug belongs to class IΙ under BCS and exhibit low and variable oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility. The present investigations highlight the development of solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (solid-SEDDS) for improved oral delivery of the poorly water-soluble drug, GCZ.Methods: Various oils, surfactant and co-surfactant, were screened for their emulsification ability. Ternary phase diagrams were plotted to identify the zone of micro-emulsification. Liquid SEDDS of the drug were formulated using lemon oil as the oil phase, tween 80, as the surfactant, and labrasol, as the co-surfactant. The optimized liquid SEDDS was transformed into free-flowing powder using florite R as the adsorbent. Results: Self-emulsifying powder retained the self-emulsifying property of the liquid SEDDS. The morphology of solid-SEDDS from scanning electron microscopy studies demonstrated the presence of spherical, granular particles indicating good flowing ability. X-ray powder diffraction studies confirmed solubilization of the drug in the lipid excipients and/or transformation of a crystalline form of the drug to amorphous form. In vitro dissolution studies revealed enhanced release of the drug from solid-SEDDS as compared to plain drug and marketed formulation.Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that solid-SEDDS, amenable for the development of solid dosage form, can be successfully developed using florite R with the potential of enhancing the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of the drug.
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Maurya, Priyanka, Shalini, Jai Narayan Mishra, and Ashutosh Kushwaha. "PHARMACEUTICAL NIOSOMES DRUG DELIVERY: A COMPLETE REVIEW OF NEW DELIVERY SYSTEM." IJRDO-Journal of Applied Science 8, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/as.v8i11.5436.
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Over the past ten years, people working in the field of drug delivery systems have become increasingly interested in designing vesicles as a tool to improve drug delivery. A hydrating mixture of cholesterol and nonionic surfactants forms niosomes, which are vesicles. Liposomes, microspheres, engineering science,small emulsions, antibody loaded drug delivery , magnetic microcapsules,implantable pumps, and niosomes are just a few of the unique methods employed to administer these medications. There are two requirements before designing and developing a novel drug delivery system (NDDS). It must first spread the medication at a preset rate and then release an amount of medication at the site of action that is therapeutically efficacious. These requirements cannot be satisfied by conventional dose forms. In essence, niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles in which a group of surfactant macromolecules forms a bilayer to form a membrane that entirely seals off an aqueous solution of solute. Targeted medication delivery is made possible by the reasonable circulation persistence of niosomes. An overview of niosome preparation techniques, niosome kinds, characterisation, and applications is also included in this paper.
Due to qualities including improved drug penetration, local depot for continuous drug release, and a rate-limiting membrane for modulating systemic absorption of pharmaceuticals via the skin, niosomes, vesicular nanocarriers, are gaining a lot of attention as prospective transdermal drug delivery systems. There are a number of theories put up to explain why niosomes can improve medication transfer through the skin. This review aims to provide an exhaustive collection of recent studies in this fascinating field, with special emphasis on the methods used to maximise the potential of niosomes. Niosomal carriers are suitable for the transdermal delivery of a variety of pharmacological agents, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antibacterial molecules.
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Patil, Purushottam, Malik Shaikh, and Paresh Mahaparale. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ZIPRASIDONE LOADED SOLID SELF-MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." INDIAN DRUGS 57, no. 08 (October 22, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.57.08.12632.
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Solid self-micro emulsification technique is the new approach for poorly water-soluble and poorly bioavailable drugs by allowing the drug substance to be incorporated into the oil phase and thus having the ability to permeate the GI membrane to a faster extent. Oleic acid, Tween 80, methanol and colloidal silicon dioxide were used as penetrant, surfactant, co-surfactant and adsorbent, respectively. The interaction between drug and excipients was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of DSC and FTIR studies did not reveal any possible drug-excipient interactions. The conversion of liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) into the solid SMEDDS increases the stability of the emulsion formulation achieved by physical adsorption of an adsorbent material. The release of drug from SMEDDS formulation is justified by in-vitro dissolution studies. SMEDDS increases the solubility of the drug and improves the bioavailability, without disturbing gastrointestinal transit. SMEDDS has the potential to provide a useful oral solid dosage form for the poorly water-soluble drug ziprasidone.
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Septiawan Adi Nugroho, Ilham Kuncahyo, and Dian Marlina. "SCREENING OF PIROXICAM SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS) USING FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN." Jurnal Kimia Riset 8, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v8i1.43803.
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Piroxicam belongs to BCS class II and has low solubility. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are considered a potential approach for increasing the solubility and release of piroxicam. This study aimed to select the components and component ratios of piroxicam SNEDDS using fractional factorial design 26-2 (FFD). The variables used in the DFT development of piroxicam SNEDDS are the type and concentration of oil (triacetin and oleic acid), surfactant (kolliphor EL and Tween 60), and co-surfactants (Transcutol and PEG 400). The FFD results showed 16 runs with different proportions of the piroxicam SNEDDS components, which were then characterized by critical parameters including emulsification time, %transmittance, droplet size, and drug loading. The components and component ratios of the PKM SNEDDS were determined using single-factor plot analysis. The results showed that triacetin (oil), kolliphor EL (surfactant), Transcutol (co-surfactant) had the greatest contribution to the formation of piroxicam SNEDDS with an oil ratio range of 11.11–28.57%, surfactant 44.44–77.78%, co-surfactant 11.11–44.44 %.
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Sandhya, Pamu, Pamu Poornima, and Darna V. R. N. Bhikshapathi. "Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Sorafenib Tosylate: Development and In Vivo Studies." Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 8, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738508666201016151406.
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Background: Sorafenib tosylate (SFN) belongs to the BCS class II drug with low solubility and undergoes first-pass metabolism, which leads to reduced bioavailability of 38%. Objective: The present study aimed at developing SFN SNEDDS to improve their solubility and bioavailability. Methods: Preliminary solubility studies were performed to identify oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant ratios. Pseudo tertiary phase diagram was constructed to select the areas of nanoemulsion based on the monophasic region. A total of 15 formulations of SFN SNEDDS were prepared and screened for phase separation and temperature variation using thermodynamic stability studies. These SNEDDS further characterized for % transmission, content of the drug, and in vitro dissolution analysis. The optimized formulation was analyzed for particle size, Z average, entrapment efficiency, and SEM analysis. Results: Based on the pseudo tertiary phase diagram, acrysol EL 135, kolliphor, and transcutol-P as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant were selected, respectively. All the formulations were stable with no phase separation and maximum % transmittance of 98.92%. The formulation F15 was selected as an optimized one, based on maximum drug content of 99.89%, with 98.94% drug release within 1 hour and it will be stable for 6 months. From in vivo bioavailability studies, the Cmax of optimized SNEDDS (94.12±2.12ng/ml) is higher than pure SFN suspension (15.32±1.46 ng/ml) and the AUC0-∞ of optimized SNEDDS is also increased by 5 times (512.1±8.54 ng.h/ml) than pure drug (98.75±6.45ng.h/ml), which indicates improved bioavailability of the formulation. Conclusion: SFN loaded SNEDDS could potentially be exploited as a delivery system for improving oral bioavailability by minimizing first-pass metabolism and increased solubility. Lay Summary: Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2% of global cancer diagnoses and deaths, it has more than doubled in incidence in the developed world over the past half-century, and today is the ninth most common neoplasm in the United States. Sorafenib is a protein kinase inhibitor indicated as a treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The present study aimed at developing Sorafenib SNEDDS to improve their solubility and bioavailability. A total of 15 formulations of Sorafenib SNEDDS were prepared and screened for phase separation and temperature variation using thermodynamic stability studies. Sorafenib loaded SNEDDS could potentially be exploited as a delivery system for increased oral bioavailability by 5 times when comparing with pure drug by minimizing first-pass metabolism and increased solubility.
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Preethi, G. B., H. N. Shivakumar, M. Ravi Kumar, and N. Sweta. "PROTOTYPE SELF EMULSIFYING SYSTEM OF ETRAVIRINE: DESIGN, FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 2 (March 7, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i2.22714.
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Objective: Lipid-based formulations have gained much attention, particularly on self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), to improve the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop and evaluate prototype SEDDS of poorly soluble antiviral BCS class IV drug etravirine.Methods: Various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants were screened for their suitability in the formulation of SEDDS. Based on the screening, gelucire 44/14, as the oil, labrasol as a surfactant and transcutol HP as the co-surfactant were selected. SEDDS with drug etravirine was formulated and evaluated for emulsifying ability, dilution potential and microscopic properties. The emulsion area for each of the combination of oil and surfactant co-surfactant mixture (Smix) was determined by the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams.Results: The optimized formulation with oil (gelucire 44/14) and Smix (labrasol: transcutol HP, 6:1) in a ratio of 2:8 exhibited a rapid emulsification rate and a good polydispersibility index of 0.103±0.012 indicating uniformity of the formed droplets. The size of the droplets was determined by zetasizer and was found to be in 200 nm range. The drug release from the final formulation after 2hr was found to be 41.15%±0.5 compared to 19.3%±3.8 of pure drug indicating enhanced dissolution profile of the drug.Conclusion: In vitro study illustrated enhanced dissolution rate of formulated prototype SEDDS of BCS class IV drug etravirine for oral delivery.
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Goyal, Urvash, Ritika Arora, and Geeta Aggarwal. "Formulation design and evaluation of a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of lovastatin." Acta Pharmaceutica 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-012-0022-1.
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Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of lovastatin was aimed at overcoming the problems of poor solubility and bioavailability. The formulation strategy included selection of oil phase based on saturated solubility studies and surfactant and co-surfactant screening on the basis of their emulsification ability. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the self-emulsifying region. Capryol 90 (20 %) as oil, Cremophore RH40 (40 %) as surfactant and Transcutol P (40 %) as co-surfactant were concluded to be optimized components. The prepared SMEDDS was characterized through its droplet size, zeta potential, emulsification time, rheological determination and transmission electron microscopy. The optimized formulation exhibited 94 % in vitro drug release, which was significantly higher than that of the drug solution. In vivo studies using the Triton-induced hyperlipidemia model in Wistar rats revealed considerable reduction in lipid levels compared to pure lovastatin. The study confirmed the potential of lovastatin SMEDDS for oral administration.
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Gharbavi, Mahmoud, Jafar Amani, Hamidreza Kheiri-Manjili, Hossein Danafar, and Ali Sharafi. "Niosome: A Promising Nanocarrier for Natural Drug Delivery through Blood-Brain Barrier." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2018 (December 11, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6847971.
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Niosomes (the nonionic surfactant vesicles), considered as novel drug delivery systems, can improve the solubility and stability of natural pharmaceutical molecules. They are established to provide targeting and controlled release of natural pharmaceutical compounds. Many factors can influence on niosome construction such as the preparation method, type and amount of surfactant, drug entrapment, temperature of lipids hydration, and the packing factor. The present review discusses about the most important features of niosomes such as their diverse structures, the different preparation approaches, characterization techniques, factors that affect their stability, their use by various routes of administration, their therapeutic applications in comparison with natural drugs, and specially the brain targeting with niosomes-ligand conjugation. It also provides recent data about the various types of ligand agents which make available active targeting drug delivery to the central neuron system. This system has an optimistic upcoming in pharmaceutical uses, mostly with the improving availability of innovative schemes to overcome blood-brain barrier and targeting the niosomes to the brain.
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Sapra, Kavita, Ashu Sapra, S. K. Singh, and Saloni Kakkar. "Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Tool in Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, no. 03 (2012): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2012.37.
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Low aqueous solubility and thereby low oral bioavailability is a major concern for formulation scientist as many recent drugs are lipophillic in nature and their lower solubility and dissolution is a major drawback for their successful formulation into oral dosage forms. Aqueous solubility of drugs can be increased by different methods such as salt formation, solid dispersion, complex formation but Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) is gaining more attention for improving the solubility of lipophillic drugs. SEDDS are ideally isotropic mixtures of drug, oil, surfactant and/or co surfactant. They spontaneously form emulsion on mixing with water with little or no energy input. Generally SEDDS are prepared using triglycerides and non ionic surfactants. The present review provides an updated account of the advancements in SEDDS with regard to the selection of lipid systems for current formulations, dosage forms for SEDDS, solidification techniques, characterization and their applications. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved
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Sneha Latha, K., G. B. Kiran Kumar, G. A. Mohammed, S. K. Chowdary, and J. Sowmya. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIPID BASED SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF GLIMEPIRIDE." INDIAN DRUGS 50, no. 11 (November 28, 2013): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.50.11.p0048.
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Aim of the present investigation was to develop lipid based self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) to improve bioavailability of glimepiride. Glimepiride is a class II molecule according to BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System), having low solubility. Optimized self-emulsifying drug delivery system of glimepiride comprising oil (oleic acid), surfactant (Tween 80®) and co-surfactant (PEG 200®) was prepared. Optimized SEDDS of glimepiride showed increase in dissolution rate. It was concluded that the formulation was found to be showing significant improvement in terms of the drug release with complete release of drug within 18 minutes. Thus, self-emulsifying formulation of glimepiride was successfully developed.
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Kaur, Dhanvir, and Sandeep Kumar. "NIOSOMES: PRESENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE ASPECTS." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5 (September 6, 2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1886.
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Drug targeting is a kind of phenomenon in which drug gets distributed in the body in such a manner that the drug interacts with the target tissue at a cellular or subcellular level to achieve a desired therapeutic response at a desire site without undesirable interactions at other sites. This can be achieved by modern methods of targeting the drug delivery system such as niosomes. Niosomes are the type of non-ionic surfactant vesicles, which are biodegradable, non-toxic, more stable and inexpensive, a new approach to liposomes. Their structure similar to liposome and hence they can represent alternative vesicular systems with respect to liposomes. The niosomes have the tendency to load different type of drugs. This review article represents the structure of niosome, advantages, disadvantages, the methods for niosome preparation and characterization of pharmaceutical NSVs.
Keywords: Niosome, Cholesterol, Hydrophilic and Lipophilic drugs, Surfactant, Targeted delivery Bioavailability Improvement, Factors, Applications.
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Rajkumar, Jampala, Radha Gv, Trideva Sastri K, and Sadhana Burada. "RECENT UPDATE ON PRONIOSOMAL GEL AS TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v12i1.28558.
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An existence of transdermal delivery tool, proniosomal gel, has established to showed remarkable development for lipophilic/hydrophilic drugs over additional formulations. Newer drugs of lipophilic nature emerge poor bioavailability, irregular absorption, and pharmacokinetic changes. Therefore, this novel drug delivery system has been proved advantageous over other oral and topical delivery of drug candidates to bypass such disruption. This proniosomal gel basically is a compact semi-solid liquid crystalline (gel) composed of non-ionic surfactants easily formed on dissolving the surfactant in a minimal amount of acceptable solvent and the least amount of aqueous phase and phosphate buffer. Topical application of gel under occlusive condition during which they are converted into nisomes due to hydration by water in the skin present itself. Proniosomal gels are typically present in transparent, translucent, or white semisolid gel texture, which makes them physically stable throughout storage and transport. This review provides an important overview of the preparation, formulation, evaluation, and application of proniosome gel as a drug delivery carrier.
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Rajkumar, Jampala, Radha Gv, Trideva Sastri K, and Sadhana Burada. "RECENT UPDATE ON PRONIOSOMAL GEL AS TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.28558.
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An existence of transdermal delivery tool, proniosomal gel, has established to showed remarkable development for lipophilic/hydrophilic drugs over additional formulations. Newer drugs of lipophilic nature emerge poor bioavailability, irregular absorption, and pharmacokinetic changes. Therefore, this novel drug delivery system has been proved advantageous over other oral and topical delivery of drug candidates to bypass such disruption. This proniosomal gel basically is a compact semi-solid liquid crystalline (gel) composed of non-ionic surfactants easily formed on dissolving the surfactant in a minimal amount of acceptable solvent and the least amount of aqueous phase and phosphate buffer. Topical application of gel under occlusive condition during which they are converted into nisomes due to hydration by water in the skin present itself. Proniosomal gels are typically present in transparent, translucent, or white semisolid gel texture, which makes them physically stable throughout storage and transport. This review provides an important overview of the preparation, formulation, evaluation, and application of proniosome gel as a drug delivery carrier.
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Dawood, Noor Mohammed, Shaimaa Nazar Abdal-hammid, and Ahmed Abbas Hussien. "FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LAFUTIDINE NANOSUSPENSION FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 2 (March 7, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i2.23075.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare nanosuspension of a practical water insoluble antiulcer drug which is lafutidine to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate with studying the effect of different formulation variables to obtain the best formula with appropriate physical properties and higher dissolution rate.Methods: Nanosuspension of lafutidine was prepared using solvent anti-solvent precipitation method using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90(PVP K-90) as the stabilizer. Ten formulations were prepared to show the effect of different variables in which two formulations showed the effect of stabilizer type, three formulations showed the effect of stabilizer concentration, two formulations showed the effect of combination of polymer with surfactant such as tween 80, three formulations show the effect of stirring speed and three formulations prepare to show the effect of addition of co-surfactant such as tween 20. All these formulations are evaluated for their particle size and entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The selected one was evaluated for zeta potential, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, saturation solubility and stability study.Results: The formulations (F3-F10) were in the nano size. The optimum concentration of the stabilizer was in the formulation when the drug: polymer: surfactant ratio 1:4:4 and the optimum stirring speed was 1500 rpm. Dramatic effect on the particle size reduction was found by the addition of co-surfactant (tween 20) in formulation F7 that has a particle size 15.89±1.8 nm. The selected formula F7 showed an enhanced dissolution profile (10 min) compared to the pure drug at all-time intervals.Conclusion: The results show that the formulation that contains drug: PVP-K90: tween 80: tween 20 in ratio 1:4:2:2 is the best one and can be utilized to formulate lafutidine nanosuspension.
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Singh, Balwan, and Manish Sharma. "0Formulation and Evaluation of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Candesartan Cilexetil." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 5844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.3.
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Introduction: Candesartan cilexetil is an angiotensin receptor blocker prescribed for hypertension management. However the drug belonging to BCS class II has low solubility and in turn low bioavailability. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are gaining wide attention in the field of pharmaceutical formulations owing to their potential to enhance the solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs.
Objective: “Present” work aimed to formulate and evaluate Candesartan cilexetil loaded Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) as a potential antihypertensive drug delivery system by improving its solubility
Methods: Formulation of drug incorporated SEDDS was carried out using various oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. Preliminary solubility studies in these excipients were performed followed by the construction of a Pseudoternary phase diagram for optimization of all three excipient concentrations. After this, SEDDS of Candesartan were formulated and evaluated for clarity, phase separation, drug content, % transmittance, globule size, freeze-thaw, in vitro dissolution studies, and particle size analyses.
Results: Observation from preliminary solubility studies resulted in the selection of Acrosyl k-160 (oil phase), Labrafac PG (surfactant), and Transcutol-P (co-surfactant). A pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed to optimize the concentration ranges of chosen oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. In total twelve formulations were prepared and evaluated for various parameters. FTIR analysis indicated negligible drug excipient interaction. CF11 was identified as the optimal formulation based on the particle size of an average of about 50.2nm, drug content (98.66%), and in vitro release profile, with a drug release of 99.41±5.79 % after one hour. The formulations were also put through thirty-day thermodynamic stability studies and were found to be stable
Conclusion: SEDDS can be formulated to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug Candesartan, according to the findings of this study.
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Srivastava, Ankita, Sharav Desai, Hitesh Jain, and D. B. Meshram. "Formulation and Evaluation of Fusidic Acid Emulgel." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 3-s (June 15, 2020): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3-s.4119.
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Emulgel have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual control release system i.e gel and emulsion. Topical applications of drug offers many advantages for delivering drug directly to the site of action and deliver the drug for extended period of time at effected site. The major objective behind this formulation is to enhance topical delivery of hydrophobic drug (Fusidic acid) by formulating Fusidic acid emulgel by using carbopol 934 as gelling agent. In addition light liquid paraffin as oil, span 20 as emulsifier and propylene glycol as co-surfactant were selected for the preparation of emulgel. Fusidic acid is steroidal bacteriostatic agent produced from Fusidium coccineum fungus belongs to class of steroids but has no corticosteroids effect and which is useful for the treatment of number of infections. Fusidic acid binds to protein and ribosomes and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, in-vitro drug release, antimicrobial activity, skin irritation study and stability. All the prepared emulgel showed acceptable physical properties. The best formulation E9 shows better drug release when compared to all formulation.
Keywords: Emulgel, Carbopol 934, Topical formulation, Antimicrobial activity, optimization, Fusidic acid
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Chaudhary, Kajal, and Devender Sharma. "Cubosomes: A Potential Drug Delivery System." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 5 (October 15, 2021): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i5.981.
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The discovery of cubosomes is a classic story and deals with food science, differential geometry, biological membranes and digestive processes. Cubosomes are highly balanced and nanoparticles in design formed primarily from the lipid cubic state and protected by a polymer-based outer circle. Hydrating a surfactant that designates cubic phase and then disperses a solid state into smaller particles, typically forms cubosomes. They behave concretely like rheology with unique properties of practical interest. Cubosome formation can be optimized to engineer pore size or consist of bioactive lipids, polymers can be used for targeting to the outer circle and they are highly secure under physiological conditions. This type of network structure gives them greater drug trapping potential. Related to liposomes, the structure adds a significantly more enhanced membrane surface area to trap membrane proteins and small drug entities. Cubosome may increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Due to modern advances, nanoparticles patterns include drug delivery, membrane bioreactors, artificial cells and biosensors and can be engineered both in vitro. This review, focused on modern advances in cubosome technology, not only facilitates their work but also contributes to standard procedures for the rational design of innovative systems for biomedical applications. Due to the nature of cubosome dispersion being bio-adhesive and biocompatible, as well as having different properties, cubosomes are functional systems, administered in a variety of ways, such as orally and parenterally. Cubosome structure is investigated through electron microscopy, light scattering, X-rays, and NMR, although some researchers are studying the potential of cubosomes as a delivery system.
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Singh, Abhishek, Niketa Pal, Rishikesh Sharma, and Aryendu Kumar Saini. "A Review on the Drug Delivery System." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i3.928.
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Drug administration is the mechanism or procedure by which a medicinal substance is delivered to produce a beneficial result in humans or animals. Nasal and pulmonary drug delivery pathways are gaining growing significance for the treatment of human illnesses. Such routes provide promising alternatives to the delivery of parenteral drugs particularly for peptide and protein therapies. Many drug delivery devices have been developed for this purpose, and are being tested for nasal and pulmonary delivery. These contain amongst others liposomes, proliposomes, microspheres, gels, prodrugs, cyclodextrins. Nanoparticles made up of biodegradable polymers show confidence that they meet the stringent criteria imposed on such delivery systems, such as the ability to be transferred to an aerosol, stability against forces produced during aerosolisation, biocompatibility, targeting of particular sites or cell populations in the lungs, predetermined release of the drug and degradation within the lungs.
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Abbas, Ishraq Kadhim. "Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Liquid, Supersaturable, and Solid Dosage Forms." Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) 3 (December 11, 2022): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.91.
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A third of recently created drugs have poor water solubility and absorption. Innovative methods, such as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), are being developed to address issues with pharmaceutical delivery and bioavailability. These systems, which are referred to as isotropic mixtures, are made up of the drug, a suitable oil, a surfactant, and either a co-surfactant or co-solvent. These elements combine to create a "oil in water (O/W)" nanoemulsion after being lightly stirred. Colloidal systems, including microemulsions and nanoemulsions, are being used more commonly in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical preparations to encapsulate, protect, and transport lipophilic components. The nanoscale particles used in these kinds of delivery systems have a number of potential benefits, including enhanced long-term stability, enhanced solubility, enhanced optical transparency, and enhanced bioavailability. To create SNEDDS, one can utilize a phase diagram technique or a statistical design of trials. For SNEDDS, switching from a liquid to a solid dose form may have improved stability as well as increased patient compliance. The design and production of SNEDDS and their effects on the bioavailability of several medications are the subject of numerous studies that are included in this review.
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Prajapati, Bhupendra Gopalbhai, Bhavesh Prajapati, and Dignesh Khunt. "Formulation and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for improved oral delivery of exemestane hydrochloride." IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2023.007.
Full textAbstract:
Exemestane HCl (EXM) is a new irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor for adjuvant therapy of hormonally sensitive breast cancer in post-menopausal women. EXM's low water solubility hinders solid oral dosage form development. The current work aims to increase EXM solubility by formulating the self nanoemulsifying drug delivery (SNEDDs) system. The water titration approach was employed in the development of SNEDDs. Based on solubility tests, SNEDDs components Caprol Microexpress and Labrafac were selected as oil phase, Tween 80 as surfactant, and Triacetin as co-surfactant. Phase investigations were carried out with various surfactant:co-surfactant ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, 3:1). Tween 80: triacetin (1:2) and (1:3) with Caprol Microexpress and Labrafac alone had the greatest nanoemulsion area. Visual evaluation, optical clarity, particle size, medication concentration, and viscosity were used to optimise 10 formulations. F3, F7, and F8 batches had the lowest size at 7.313 ± 1.44 nm, 6.379 ± 0.45 nm, and 14.67 ± 0.37 nm, respectively, with self-emulsification times under 1 min.But optical clarity data was suggested that F7 was not showing any precipitation up to 24 H. Overall, the developed SNEDDS formulation could be a promising approach for the improved oral delivery of EXE with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability.
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Wagh, Vijay D., and Onkar J. Deshmukh. "Itraconazole Niosomes Drug Delivery System and Its Antimycotic Activity against Candida albicans." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2012 (December 13, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/653465.
Full textAbstract:
Niosomes have potential applications in topical drug delivery system. The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the niosome of Itraconazole. Surfactant : cholesterol ratio and quantity of ethanol used were studied by applying factorial design. Formulated niosomes were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, drug release, skin permeation, and antimycotic activity. Vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release were markedly dependent on surfactant : cholesterol ratio and quantity of ethanol used. Permeation of the drug through the skin was affected by cholesterol content in formulation. Itraconazole niosome were having larger zone of inhibition than marketed formulation when activity was checked against C. albicans. Niosomes may be a promising carrier for topical delivery of Itraconazole especially due to their simple production.
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Gande, Suresh, S. Srikanth Reddy, and Bhikshapathi D. V. R. N. "Enhancement of Nimodipine Solubility by Self-Nano-emulsifying Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 12, no. 5 (September 30, 2019): 4648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.5.
Full textAbstract:
Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of Nimodipine was developed with the purpose of improving the bioavailability of the drug. Based on the results of Nimodipine solubility studies Peceol, Transcutol P and PEG 400 were optimized as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant for the formulation and Pseudo ternary plots was constructed by Chemix software. Fifteen formulations of Nimodipine SNEDDS prepared and analyzed for particle size, emulsification time, percentage drug release, percentage transmittance, in vitro drug dissolution studies and thermodynamic stability. The optimized Nimodipine SNEDDS formulation (F13) subjected to drug-excipient compatibility studies by FTIR. They are analyzed for zeta potential, SEM and stability. The particle size of optimized Nimodipine SNEDDS formulation was 25.9 nm, PDI is 0.382 and zeta potential -12.7 mV that are optimal for the stability of emulsion. SEM studies of Nimodipine SNEDDS indicated spherical shape and uniform particle distribution. The drug release of formulation F13 (98.25±4.77%) was higher than pure drug (38.49±3.88%). The stability studies indicated no change in drug content, drug release, emulsifying properties and appearance. Hence a potential SNEDDS formulation of Nimodipine developed with increased dissolution rate, bioavailability and solubility.
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Rao, Sripriya Venkata Ramana, Kavya Yajurvedi, and Jun Shao. "Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of protein drugs." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 362, no. 1-2 (October 2008): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.015.
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Kontogiannis, Orestis, Dimitrios Selianitis, Nefeli Lagopati, Natassa Pippa, Stergios Pispas, and Maria Gazouli. "Surfactant and Block Copolymer Nanostructures: From Design and Development to Nanomedicine Preclinical Studies." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020501.
Full textAbstract:
The medical application of nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery has so far exhibited many efforts in treating simple to extremely complicated and life-threatening human conditions, with multiple products already existing in the market. A plethora of innovative drug delivery carriers, using polymers, surfactants and the combination of the above, have been developed and tested pre-clinically, offering great advantages in terms of targeted drug delivery, low toxicity and immune system activation, cellular biomimicry and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, such artificial systems can be tailor-made with respect to each therapeutic protocol and disease type falling under the scope of personalized medicine. The simultaneous delivery of multiple therapeutic entities of different nature, such as genes and drugs, can be achieved, while novel technologies can offer systems with multiple modalities often combining therapy with diagnosis. In this review, we present prominent, innovative and state-of-the-art scientific efforts on the applications of surfactant-based, polymer-based, and mixed surfactant-polymer nanoparticle drug formulations intended for use in the medical field and in drug delivery. The materials used, formulation steps, nature, properties, physicochemical characteristics, characterization techniques and pharmacokinetic behavior of those systems, are presented extensively in the length of this work. The material presented is focused on research projects that are currently in the developmental, pre-clinical stage.