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Journal articles on the topic 'Surfaces actives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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1

Costa, Alexandre Magno Megale, Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez, Ana Paula Dias Demasi, and Vera Cavalcanti de Araújo. "INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TITANIUM SURFACE TREATMENTS ON THE BIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF OSTEOBLASTIC CELLS." Centro de Pesquisas Avançadas em Qualidade de Vida 16, V16N2 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36692/v16n2-44.

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Introduction: Different methods of treatment to dental titanium surfaces have been adopted to improve mechanical and chemical properties of the implant and to improve osseous integration. Objective:The objective of the present work was to compare the performance of three titanium surfaces, Porous® (obtained by double acid treatment), Vulcano Actives® (obtained by anodization), and PorousNano® (obtained by double acid treatment and fluoride incorporation) in regards to cell proliferation of osteoblast precursors and gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins type 1 collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin and ostenectin. Materials and Methods: We utilized commercially pure grade 4 titanium discs to cultivate osteoblastic precursor cell line MC3T3-E1 (ATCC - USA). After 3, 7 and 10 days, we performed cell proliferation assay using Trypan blue exclusion testand gene expression analysis by Real-Time PCR. Results and Conclusion: Results were recorded and analyzed statistically using a level of significance of P<0.05. We observed higher cell proliferation and higher gene expression of proteins linked to synthesis and mineralization of the extracellular matrix on the Vulcano Actives® surface.

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Popa, Camelia Lǎcrǎmioara. "Graphical Method in CAD Environment for Profiling End Mill Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.787.

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The actives surfaces of screw compressors are helical surfaces, cylindrical and uniform pitch. The generation of helical surfaces can be done using tools bordered by revolution surfaces (as end mill cutter, or disk cutter). The shaping of generating tools is based on fundamentals theorem of the enveloping surfaces. This paper consists to propose a graphic solution, using specific tools of the design environment AUTOCAD, to problem concerning the shaping end mill tool which generates the helical flute of male rotor component of screw compressor. The algorithm has been developed based on a complementary theorem - "The theorem of substituting circles family".

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3

Djagni, Kokou K., and Michel Fok. "Dangers potentiels de l’utilisation des insecticides dans la culture cotonnière au Togo de 1990 à 2010." Cahiers Agricultures 28 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2019023.

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Dans la perception des profanes, le coton est encore considéré comme la culture consommant le plus d’insecticides néfastes pour la santé et l’environnement. Une telle mauvaise image n’est plus justifiée selon une étude internationale de l’Expert panel on Social, environmental and Economic Performance of cotton production (SEEP), mais les pays producteurs ont peu analysé et informé sur l’évolution de l’utilisation des insecticides. L’article comble cette lacune dans le cas du Togo. Il concerne une étude basée sur la reconstitution des séries de données des surfaces emblavées et d’insecticides distribués aux producteurs de coton de 1990 à 2010. Les données sur les insecticides portent sur les volumes distribués et leur composition en matières actives pour déduire la consommation de matières actives par hectare. En s’inspirant de l’étude internationale mentionnée qui avait compilé les indices d’écotoxicité des matières actives, les charges toxicologiques vis-à-vis de plusieurs organismes ont été calculées pour cerner les dangers potentiels liés aux insecticides utilisés. Ces charges ont été définies pour permettre de cerner l’évolution dans le temps ou de comparer les pays. La consommation de matières actives insecticides au Togo a chuté régulièrement jusqu’à un litre/hectare, au même niveau que l’Australie qui recourt par ailleurs aux variétés génétiquement modifiées. La charge toxicologique, pesant sur l’homme mais aussi sur divers éléments de la faune comme les abeilles ou les daphnies des cours d’eau, a diminué quoique de manière moins régulière. Cette évolution est la conséquence d’une protection limitée des cultures cotonnières depuis trois décennies, à moins de six traitements, et de l’adoption de nouvelles générations de molécules insecticides. Au Togo, l’utilisation des insecticides dans la culture cotonnière a évolué dans une direction plus compatible avec le souci de la santé humaine et de la préservation de l’environnement. Une telle évolution devrait être extrapolable à tous les pays cotonniers de l’Afrique francophone où des études similaires mériteraient d’être réalisées.

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4

Luengo, Gustavo S., Anne-Laure Fameau, Fabien Léonforte, and Andrew J. Greaves. "Surface science of cosmetic substrates, cleansing actives and formulations." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 290 (April 2021): 102383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2021.102383.

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Tatini, Duccio, Paolo Tempesti, Francesca Ridi, Emiliano Fratini, Massimo Bonini, and Piero Baglioni. "Pluronic/gelatin composites for controlled release of actives." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 135 (November 2015): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.08.002.

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6

Kaushik, Prerna, Ravinder Verma, Vineet Mittal, Saurabh Bhatia, Anubhav Pratap-Singh, and Deepak Kaushik. "Flavor Microencapsulation for Taste Masking in Medicated Chewing Gums—Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Perspectives." Coatings 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111656.

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Chewing gum, being a pleasant formulation, requires effective taste-masking techniques, such as encapsulation methods along with an amalgamation of flavors and sweeteners. Taste-masked medicated chewing gum offers a palatable way of administering drugs and dietary supplements to children and old-aged people. The concept of chewing gum development provides a sustained and modified release of actives through various techniques, such as microencapsulation, cyclodextrin-complexation, buffering agents, ion exchange resin, solid dispersions, effervescent agents, etc. The taste, solubility, and stability of the active ingredient are the key parameters to be kept in mind, while formulating a medicated chewing gum. Flavor microencapsulation has been used as a crucial technology in the research and food industry to control sensory performance as demonstrated by the hefty number of chewing gum patents over the years. This manuscript provides an insight into conventional and novel taste-masking techniques employed in developing palatable chewing gums. Additionally, concepts of flavor microencapsulation, its applications, polymers, and patents have been discussed.

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7

Zhang, Fan, Haoran Tao, Yilin Li, Yanbing Wang, Yingying Zhou, Qunna Xu, and Jianzhong Ma. "Enhanced Pickering Emulsion Stabilization of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Application for Reinforced and Hydrophobic Coatings." Coatings 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101594.

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For oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions, a new polymer stabilizer of butyl acrylate (BA) grafted cellulose nanocrystals (BA-g-CNCS) has been developed. By adjusting the BA concentration, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces of BA-g-CNCs could be systematically modified based on the controllable interface activity. Specifically, the emulsification stability of the as-prepared stabilizer was examined as a function of BA content, BA-g-CNCS usage, and oil type. The results showed that the Pickering emulsion stabilized by BA-g-CNCS had a 98% volume fraction of emulsion with long-term stability. Importantly, BA-g-CNCS could be a promising choice for polymer stabilizers and could generate high internal phase Pickering emulsions without cross-linking when combined with 13% BA and 1.75% BA-g-CNCS. Furthermore, it was established that BA-g-CNCs possessed self-emulsifying quality, worked as hydrophobic coatings, and improved the mechanical properties. This was of fundamental interest to polymer stabilizer and functional coatings, allowing for promising applications in coating fields such as fabrics, leather, paper, controlled encapsulation, and the release of actives in material science.

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Genova, Chiara, Elsa Fuentes, Gabriele Favero, and Beatriz Prieto. "Evaluation of the Cleaning Effect of Natural-Based Biocides: Application on Different Phototropic Biofilms Colonizing the Same Granite Wall." Coatings 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2023): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030520.

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Natural derivatives, such as essential oils, are presented as an alternative to classical biocides to the treatment of biocolonization. Thus, in this work, the cleaning and biocidal potential of some natural derivatives towards two natural biofilms’ growth on the same granite wall, with different microbial composition, was evaluated. For this purpose, three essential oils (EOs) (from Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris and Calamintha nepeta) and their main active principles (APs) (carvacrol, thymol and R-(+)-pulegone, respectively) were embedded in a hydrogel matrix, with different combinations of EOs and APs, in order to evaluate the synergistic action of different actives. For comparative purposes, pure hydrogel and a mechanical method (brushing) were also used. Colorimetric measurements and chlorophyll a fluorescence analyses were performed to evaluate the cleaning action of the treatments on the biofilms. Overall, the EOs and APs present in the hydrogel proved to be reliable treatments to limit natural biocolonization, with O. vulgare being one of the most effective treatments in combination with other compounds, due to the majority presence of carvacrol. Moreover, the effect of the different treatments strictly depended on the biofilm in question, as well as its ability to adhere to the substrate.

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9

Tabuchi, Nobuhito, Tadashi Watanabe, Manabu Hattori, Kenichi Sakai, Hideki Sakai, and Masahiko Abe. "Adsorption of Actives in Ophthalmological Drugs for Over-The-Counter on Soft Contact Lens Surfaces." Journal of Oleo Science 58, no. 1 (2009): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.58.43.

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10

Bisset, Nicole B., Graham R. Webster, Yao Da Dong, and Ben J. Boyd. "Understanding the kinetic mixing between liquid crystalline nanoparticles and agrochemical actives." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 175 (March 2019): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.063.

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11

Sil, Bruno C., Avnish Patel, Jonathan M. Crowther, David J. Moore, Jonathan Hadgraft, Stephen T. Hilton, and Majella E. Lane. "A Preliminary Investigation of Additive Manufacture to Fabricate Human Nail Plate Surrogates for Pharmaceutical Testing." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11060250.

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In vitro permeation studies using nail clippings or nail plates are commonly used in the development of transungual formulations. However, there are ethical, safety and cost issues associated with sourcing such tissues. Herein, we describe a preliminary approach is described for the design and manufacture of a human nail model surrogate based on 3D printing. To evaluate these 3D printed constructs, nails were mounted in conventional glass Franz cells and a commercial antifungal lacquer formulation containing ciclopirox olamine was applied daily to the surrogate printed surfaces for a period of 14 days. On days 8 and 14, the surfaces of the 3D printed nails were washed with ethanol to remove excess formulation. Confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) was used to profile the drug in the 3D printed nail. At the end of the Franz cell studies, no drug was observed in the receptor phase. CRS studies confirmed penetration of the active into the model nails with reproducible depth profiles. Our ongoing work is focused on synthesising commercial and non-commercial printable resins that can replicate the physical and chemical characteristics of the human nail. This will allow further evaluation of actives for ungual therapy and advance the development of the surrogate nail tissue model.

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Biswal, Agni Kumar, and Sampa Saha. "Prolonging food shelf-life by dual actives release from multi-layered polymer particles." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 175 (March 2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.004.

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13

Yow, Huai Nyin, and Alexander F. Routh. "Release Profiles of Encapsulated Actives from Colloidosomes Sintered for Various Durations." Langmuir 25, no. 1 (January 6, 2009): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la802711y.

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14

Wu, Yue, Xiaotian Zhang, Mengyao He, Xue Tian, Neng Qian, Yangyi Sun, and Dongming Qi. "Self-repairing superhydrophobic microfiber leather leveraging light-triggered release of actives." Progress in Organic Coatings 185 (December 2023): 107937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.107937.

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15

Morales, Juan F., Sara Chuguransky, Lucas N. Alberca, Juan I. Alice, Sofía Goicoechea, María E. Ruiz, Carolina L. Bellera, and Alan Talevi. "Positive Predictive Value Surfaces as a Complementary Tool to Assess the Performance of Virtual Screening Methods." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 14 (September 1, 2020): 1447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871525718666200219130229.

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Background: Since their introduction in the virtual screening field, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve-derived metrics have been widely used for benchmarking of computational methods and algorithms intended for virtual screening applications. Whereas in classification problems, the ratio between sensitivity and specificity for a given score value is very informative, a practical concern in virtual screening campaigns is to predict the actual probability that a predicted hit will prove truly active when submitted to experimental testing (in other words, the Positive Predictive Value - PPV). Estimation of such probability is however, obstructed due to its dependency on the yield of actives of the screened library, which cannot be known a priori. Objective: To explore the use of PPV surfaces derived from simulated ranking experiments (retrospective virtual screening) as a complementary tool to ROC curves, for both benchmarking and optimization of score cutoff values. Methods: The utility of the proposed approach is assessed in retrospective virtual screening experiments with four datasets used to infer QSAR classifiers: inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione synthetase; inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei N-myristoyltransferase; inhibitors of GABA transaminase and anticonvulsant activity in the 6 Hz seizure model. Results: Besides illustrating the utility of PPV surfaces to compare the performance of machine learning models for virtual screening applications and to select an adequate score threshold, our results also suggest that ensemble learning provides models with better predictivity and more robust behavior. Conclusion: PPV surfaces are valuable tools to assess virtual screening tools and choose score thresholds to be applied in prospective in silico screens. Ensemble learning approaches seem to consistently lead to improved predictivity and robustness.

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Ferreres, Guillem, Kristina Ivanova, Ivan Ivanov, and Tzanko Tzanov. "Nanomaterials and Coatings for Managing Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020310.

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Biofilms are a global health concern responsible for 65 to 80% of the total number of acute and persistent nosocomial infections, which lead to prolonged hospitalization and a huge economic burden to the healthcare systems. Biofilms are organized assemblages of surface-bound cells, which are enclosed in a self-produced extracellular polymer matrix (EPM) of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. The EPM holds the pathogens together and provides a functional environment, enabling adhesion to living and non-living surfaces, mechanical stability, next to enhanced tolerance to host immune responses and conventional antibiotics compared to free-floating cells. Furthermore, the close proximity of cells in biofilms facilitates the horizontal transfer of genes, which is responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance. Given the growing number and impact of resistant bacteria, there is an urgent need to design novel strategies in order to outsmart bacterial evolutionary mechanisms. Antibiotic-free approaches that attenuate virulence through interruption of quorum sensing, prevent adhesion via EPM degradation, or kill pathogens by novel mechanisms that are less likely to cause resistance have gained considerable attention in the war against biofilm infections. Thereby, nanoformulation offers significant advantages due to the enhanced antibacterial efficacy and better penetration into the biofilm compared to bulk therapeutics of the same composition. This review highlights the latest developments in the field of nanoformulated quorum-quenching actives, antiadhesives, and bactericides, and their use as colloid suspensions and coatings on medical devices to reduce the incidence of biofilm-related infections.

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17

Liu, Hui, Bo Chen, Zhengwei Mao, and Changyou Gao. "Chitosan nanoparticles for loading of toothpaste actives and adhesion on tooth analogs." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 106, no. 6 (December 15, 2007): 4248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.27078.

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18

Stine, Jared S., Bryan J. Harper, Cathryn G. Conner, Orlin D. Velev, and Stacey L. Harper. "In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Chitosan-Coated Lignin Nanoparticles in Embryonic Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010111.

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Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth after cellulose. Since lignin breaks down in the environment naturally, lignin nanoparticles may serve as biodegradable carriers of biocidal actives with minimal environmental footprint compared to conventional antimicrobial formulations. Here, a lignin nanoparticle (LNP) coated with chitosan was engineered. Previous studies show both lignin and chitosan to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Another study showed that adding a chitosan coating can improve the adsorption of LNPs to biological samples by electrostatic adherence to oppositely charged surfaces. Our objective was to determine if these engineered particles would elicit toxicological responses, utilizing embryonic zebrafish toxicity assays. Zebrafish were exposed to nanoparticles with an intact chorionic membrane and with the chorion enzymatically removed to allow for direct contact of particles with the developing embryo. Both mortality and sublethal endpoints were analyzed. Mortality rates were significantly greater for chitosan-coated LNPs (Ch-LNPs) compared to plain LNPs and control groups. Significant sublethal endpoints were observed in groups exposed to Ch-LNPs with chorionic membranes intact. Our study indicated that engineered Ch-LNP formulations at high concentrations were more toxic than plain LNPs. Further study is warranted to fully understand the mechanisms of Ch-LNP toxicity.

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Gindy, Marian E., Athanassios Z. Panagiotopoulos, and Robert K. Prud'homme. "Composite Block Copolymer Stabilized Nanoparticles: Simultaneous Encapsulation of Organic Actives and Inorganic Nanostructures." Langmuir 24, no. 1 (January 2008): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la702902b.

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20

Salama, Paul, Ariel Gliksberg, Matan Cohen, Inbal Tzafrir, and Noa Ziklo. "Why Are Wet Wipes So Difficult to Preserve? Understanding the Intrinsic Causes." Cosmetics 8, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8030073.

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Over the last two decades, significant advances have been made in developing disposable baby wet wipes. Wet wipes consist of two main components: nonwoven fabric and liquid. Being more than 90% water, wet wipes are more susceptible to microbial growth than typical personal care products; hence, high concentrations of preservative compounds are often used to ensure extended protection against contamination. However, there is an obvious tendency to minimize the concentration of irritating actives. Baby wet wipes should contain particularly mild surfactants, well-tolerated preservatives, and a buffer system maintaining the formulation pH at a suitable level for the infant’s skin. Efforts have been centered on removing ingredients with irritation potential, such as phenoxyethanol. In addition, a move towards more natural fabrics is occurring. However, these modifications provoke new challenges in preserving the final products. The nature and composition of the fiber can influence the interactions between the preservative and the wipe, subsequently affecting the performance of the preservative system. In this study, we analyzed the causes of the challenge in preserving wet wipes. We found that fabrics containing natural fibers are the main source of contamination, promoting the generation of biofilms on their surfaces. Moreover, the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) was utilized to rationalize the physicochemical interactions between the fabric and the preservatives.

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Carlotti, M. E., S. Sapino, M. Gallarate, E. Peira, and E. Ugazio. "O/W Microemulsions with Vanillin as Vehicles for Antiacne Actives: Preparation, Characterization, and Stability." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (July 21, 2008): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932690701809922.

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22

Abad, Jose, Oliver Böhme, and Elisa Román. "Dissociative Adsorption of NO on TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) Surface: Ti2O3Rows as Actives Sites for the Adsorption." Langmuir 23, no. 14 (July 2007): 7583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la700253s.

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23

Chan, Derek H. H., Oliver J. Deane, Emily L. Kynaston, Christopher Lindsay, Philip Taylor, and Steven P. Armes. "Sterically Stabilized Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles Enable Convenient Preparation of Suspension Concentrates Comprising Various Agrochemical Actives." Langmuir 38, no. 9 (February 22, 2022): 2885–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03275.

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24

Ricarte, Ralm G., Timothy P. Lodge, and Marc A. Hillmyer. "Nanoscale Concentration Quantification of Pharmaceutical Actives in Amorphous Polymer Matrices by Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy." Langmuir 32, no. 29 (July 15, 2016): 7411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01745.

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25

Sarker, Dipak K. "Architectures and Mechanical Properties of Drugs and Complexes of Surface-Active Compounds at Air-Water and Oil-Water Interfaces." Current Drug Discovery Technologies 16, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570163814666171117132202.

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Background: Drugs can represent a multitude of compounds from proteins and peptides, such as growth hormones and insulin and on to simple organic molecules such as flurbiprofen, ibuprofen and lidocaine. Given the chemical nature of these compounds two features are always present. A portion or portions of the molecule that has little affinity for apolar surfaces and media and on the contrary a series of part or one large part that has considerable affinity for hydrophilic, polar or charged media and surfaces. A series of techniques are routinely used to probe the molecular interactions that can arise between components, such as the drug, a range of surface– active excipients and flavor compounds, for example terpenoids and the solvent or dispersion medium. Results: Fifty-eight papers were included in the review, a large number (16) being of theoretical nature and an equally large number (14) directly pertaining to medicine and pharmacy; alongside experimental data and phenomenological modelling. The review therefore simultaneously represents an amalgam of review article and research paper with routinely used or established (10) and well-reported methodologies (also included in the citations within the review). Experimental data included from various sources as diverse as foam micro-conductivity, interferometric measurements of surface adsorbates and laser fluorescence spectroscopy (FRAP) are used to indicate the complexity and utility of foams and surface soft matter structures for a range of purposes but specifically, here for encapsulation and incorporation of therapeutics actives (pharmaceutical molecules, vaccines and excipients used in medicaments). Techniques such as interfacial tensiometry, interfacial rheology (viscosity, elasticity and visco-elasticity) and nanoparticle particle size (hydrodynamic diameter) and charge measurements (zeta potential), in addition to atomic force and scanning electron microscopy have proven to be very useful in understanding how such elemental components combine, link or replace one another (competitive displacement). They have also proven to be both beneficial and worthwhile in the sense of quantifying the unseen actions and interplay of adsorbed molecules and the macroscopic effects, such as froth formation, creaming or sedimentation that can occur as a result of these interactions. Conclusion: The disclosures and evaluations presented in this review confirm the importance of a theoretical understanding of a complex model of the molecular interactions, network and present a framework for the understanding of really very complex physical forms. Future therapeutic developers rely on an understanding of such complexity to garner a route to a more successful administration and formulation of a new generation of therapeutic delivery systems for use in medicine.

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Das, Rabindra N., John M. Lauffer, Frank D. Egitto, Mark D. Poliks, and Voya R. Markovich. "Rediscovering Multilayer Rigid-Flex with Z-interconnect Technology." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 000949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wp54.

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Rigid-flex allows designers to replace multiple substrates interconnected with connectors, wires, and ribbon cables with a single package offering improved performance, reliability, and a potential cost-effective solution. However, processing and materials selection is critical in order to achieve high quality multilayer, rigid-flex structures. To date, there is no technology available which can economically produce high density multilayer rigid-flex with rigid or flex originating from any layer in the stack. In the present study, a novel strategy allowing for multi-layer rigid flex structures is reported. Specifically, metal-to-metal z-axis electrical interconnection among the flexible and rigid elements during lamination to form a single package rigid-flex structure is described. Conductive joints are formed during lamination using an electrically conductive adhesive (ECA). As a result, structures can be fabricated with multiple flexible elements at any arbitrary layer. Recent development work on flex joining using different pre-pregs is highlighted, particularly with respect to their integration in laminate chip carrier substrates, and the reliability of the joints formed between the rigid and flex surfaces. A variety of rigid-flex structures were fabricated, with 1 to 3 flex layers laminated into printed wiring board substrates. Photographs and optical microscopy were used to investigate the joining, bending, and failure mechanism. Several classes of flexible materials, including polyimides, PTFE, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), have been used to develop high-performance rigid-flex packages. Rigid-flex packages with embedded passives and actives are also being investigated.

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Gaddam, Raghuram, Peisen Qian, and Joaquin Rodriguez Lopez. "Expanding the Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Toolset for Evaluating Electron Transfer Kinetics of Concentrated and Specialized Redox Electrolytes on Carbon Surfaces." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 59 (December 22, 2023): 2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02592887mtgabs.

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Performing quantitative measurements of heterogeneous electron transfer reactions at electrodes (e.g., determining k0 and a) under conditions of high redox active molecule concentration in solution, such as those encountered in electrolytes for redox flow batteries (RFBs), presents significant technical challenges. For example, attempting to use transient voltammetry methodology quickly leads to limitations imposed by iR drop, as currents can be large and resistance, especially in non-aqueous systems, can be high. Additionally, using steady-state techniques based on convective principles, such as the rotating disk electrode (RDE), involve the use of relatively large equipment, with moving parts, and usually with requirements of tens to hundreds of mL of solution, which may be limiting for exploring new compounds at high concentration. To address these issues, here we introduce the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for the determining the rates of electron transfer of redox active species at high concentration in non-aqueous [1] and other unconventional systems, such as deep eutectic solvents. SECM enables the resolution of higher rates of electron transfer compared to transient voltammetry and RDE, and it also enables experiments with spatial resolution, enabling the exploration of reactivity on various sites of a heterogeneous electrode. In this presentation, we will describe theoretical and practical aspects of these measurements, and we will demonstrate their utility using two model systems. The first one consists on the observation of inherent rate asymmetries observed for ferrocene derivatives, ubiquitous redox probes, at the graphite/carbonate solvent interface. These asymmetries are not present on aqueous systems or metallic electrodes, demonstrating the ability of the SECM technique to capture unique behaviors. In the second case, we will discuss how SECM measurements can be used on deep eutectic solvents such as ethaline to address how interactions between redox actives and the electrode or the solvent systems modulate the rate of electron transfer. By systematically modifying the strength of interactions by means of molecule choice, solvent composition, and electrode type and structure, we can gain insight into the processes that determine reactivity at redox flow battery electrodes. This insight is critical for exploring the interfacial aspects such as adsorption, passivation, and double-layer effects on kinetics of electron transfer. [1] Gaddam, R.; Sarbapalli, D.; Howard, J.; Curtiss, L.A.; Assary, R.S.; Rodríguez-López, J. An SECM-Based Spot Analysis for Redoxmer-Electrode Kinetics: Identifying Redox Asymmetries on Model Graphitic Carbon Interfaces Chem: Asian J., 2023, 18, 2, e202201120. Figure 1

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Biswal, Agni Kumar, and Sampa Saha. "New insight into the mechanism of formation of dual actives loaded multilayered polymeric particles and their application in food preservation." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 136, no. 40 (May 31, 2019): 48009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.48009.

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Andersson Trojer, Markus, Ye Li, Maria Wallin, Krister Holmberg, and Magnus Nydén. "Charged microcapsules for controlled release of hydrophobic actives Part II: Surface modification by LbL adsorption and lipid bilayer formation on properly anchored dispersant layers." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 409 (November 2013): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.06.070.

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Eissa, A. M. F. "Amphoteric surface active agents." Grasas y Aceites 46, no. 4-5 (October 30, 1995): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1995.v46.i4-5.931.

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31

El-Dougdoug, W. I. A. "Synthesis and surface active properties of cationic surface active agents from crude rice bran oil." Grasas y Aceites 50, no. 5 (October 30, 1999): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1999.v50.i5.683.

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32

Nonomura, Yoshimune, Shigeyuki Komura, and Kaoru Tsujii. "Surface-Active Particles with Microstructured Surfaces." Langmuir 21, no. 21 (October 2005): 9409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la051816m.

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33

Zhuravsky, S. V., A. A. Kaleniuk, N. T. Kartel, and Yu A. Tarasenko. "Red/ox properties of modified oxygen and nitrogen active carbons." Surface 8(23) (December 30, 2016): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2016.08.131.

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34

Pirog, T. P. "MICROBIAL SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AS ANTIADHESIVE AGENTS." Biotechnologia Acta 9, no. 3 (2016): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech9.03.007.

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35

Kümmel, Felix, Parmida Shabestari, Celia Lozano, Giovanni Volpe, and Clemens Bechinger. "Formation, compression and surface melting of colloidal clusters by active particles." Soft Matter 11, no. 31 (2015): 6187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm00827a.

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36

Bondarenko, Dmitry, Iryna Plakhotnikova, Medeia Saliia, Olga Demina, and Alexander Bondarenko. "Surface active properties of silicate and aluminosilicate surfaces." MATEC Web of Conferences 230 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823003002.

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Liquid heat-insulation based on hollow microspheres and polymer compounds become more and more popular in the construction industry. This material enjoys indisputable technological advantages easiness of application, low mass, flexibility, good adhesion to different materials. Traditional non-organic heat insulating materials, widely presented on modern construction market, have some disadvantages. Foam concrete and gas silicate have relatively high average density, which enables obtaining items and materials with a fairly low thermal conductivity coefficient. These materials have high saturation coefficient and low values of cold endurance. Inside the mineral-wool plates, which are quite popular on the modern market, the hyperfine fibers transform into dust particles by time, and agglutinative compounds destruct, releasing toxic substances. The aluminosilicate microspheres have a high potential as a commercial product, but their market has just started forming. According to rough calculations, the cost of the product is next lower order to the hollow microspheres, obtained by industrial methods.

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37

Spas’ka, Olena. "Ultralight Surface-Active Systems for Preventing Liquid Hydrocarbons Evaporation." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.01.063.

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38

Teus, S. M., B. D. Shanina, A. A. Konchits, G. S. Mogilny, and V. G. Gavriljuk. "Mechanism of Embrittlement of Metals by Surface-Active Elements." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 40, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.40.02.0201.

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39

Kohut, Ananiy, Roman Fleychuk, Orest Hevus, and Stanislav Voronov. "Macroinitiators on the basis of new peroxide surface active monomers." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2007): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht01.02.083.

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The surface active properties of new peroxide maleic monomers were investigated. The regularities of their copolymerization with styrene were studied. Peroxide polymers containing ditertiary alkyl peroxide groups in side substituents of backbone as the prospective high-temperature free radical macroinitiators were synthesized.

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40

Le Bars, Marjorie, Fatoumata Sidibe, Elisabeth Mandart, Jacques Fabre, Philippe Le Grusse, and Cheick Hamalla Diakite. "Évaluation des risques liés à l’utilisation de pesticides en culture cotonnière au Mali." Cahiers Agricultures 29 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020005.

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Au Mali, l’usage des pesticides sur la culture de coton constitue un réel problème de santé publique et pour l’environnement. Cette étude porte sur les risques potentiels correspondant à la « dangerosité » des matières actives présentes dans les pesticides distribués pour le coton. Nous avons recensé 174 pesticides homologués par le Comité sahélien des pesticides (CSP) destinés à la culture du coton, dont 106 insecticides et fongicides et 68 herbicides. Ils sont formulés à partir de 50 matières actives ; 10 sont interdites en Europe et se retrouvent dans 35 produits homologués (soit 20 % des produits disponibles). Un indice de risque de toxicité (IRT) sur la santé des utilisateurs a été calculé pour chacune des 50 matières actives tenant compte de leurs toxicités aiguë et chronique. Il montre que la pendiméthaline et la bifenthrine ont les IRT les plus élevés respectivement pour les herbicides et les insecticides. Un indicateur de contamination des sols et des eaux de surface et souterraine par ces matières actives a été calculé. Il montre qu’une matière active peut présenter un risque important pour la santé et avoir un fort niveau de toxicité pour l’environnement ou avoir un faible impact sur la santé mais présenter un risque élevé pour l’environnement. Une sensibilisation des différents acteurs sur les risques encourus par les pesticides permettrait de réduire leurs impacts sur la santé humaine et l’environnement.

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41

Khakkulov, J. M., Z. Sh Temirov, and Sh E. Khalilov. "Electrochemical Reduction Of Macroiones As A Surface-Active Nanocoating And Nanocomposites." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 06 (June 12, 2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue06-06.

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The possibilities of the application and efficiency of electric fields in the process of electrolysis of macroions from solutions were studied. The restoration of local natural and synthetic ionic polymers on a titanium implant in the form of surface-active nanocoatings and nanocomposites by electrolysis is shown. The structural characteristics of the obtained nanomaterials are studied.

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Djuraevna, Teshaboeva Nodira. "Strength Indicators Of Cement Systems With Additives Of Surface - Active Substances." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue05-32.

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In the article, the study was to establish the effect of surfactant additives on the strength characteristics of cement systems. The determinations were carried out on cements of various mineralogical composition, freshly ground and stale, on cement-sand mortars and concretes. For control samples and with additives, the same plasticity was chosen, and the water-cement ratio than for various additives fluctuated within certain limits.

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43

Borzenkov, Mykola, and Orest Hevus. "Synhtesis of Novel Surface Active Methacrylate Monomers Based on ε-Caprolactone." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 8, no. 2 (June 25, 2014): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht08.02.141.

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44

Anoshin, V. A., and V. M. Ilyushenko. "Effect of surface-active elements on the formation of solidification cracks." Paton Welding Journal 2018, no. 10 (October 28, 2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2018.10.03.

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45

Yessengeldi, A. M., A. A. Yessengulova, G. Zh Kayralapova, R. S. Iminova, and M. M. Beysebekov. "Obtaining of surface-active substance sorbents based on acrylate-clay polymers." International Journal of Biology and Chemistry 10, no. 2 (2017): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/2218-7979-2017-10-2-4-9.

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46

Abadjieva, Emilia V. "On the Study of the Active Tooth Surfaces’ Geometry of the Spatial Rack Drives." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 16, no. 1 (2024): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2024.v16.1252.

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In this study, a spatial rack system, that transforms a rotation motion into rectilinear translation by means of a cylindrical worm and a helical rack is considered. This type of motions’ transformation is realized by the conjugated active flanks of the worm and the gear rack. This paper deals with the theoretical approach to their synthesis. It is based on the second principle of T. Olivier. The obtained equations of the surfaces of the spatial rack drive are of importance when the algorithms for the synthesis of this type of mechanism are elaborated.

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47

Duan, Qi, Elsa D. Angelini, and Andrew F. Laine. "Surface Function Actives." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 20, no. 7 (October 2009): 478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2009.06.002.

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48

Nijdam, J., V. Trouillet, S. Kachel, P. Scharfer, W. Schabel, and M. Kind. "Coat formation of surface-active proteins on aqueous surfaces during drying." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 123 (November 2014): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.050.

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49

Barabanova, Anna I., Eduard V. Karamov, Viktor F. Larichev, Galina V. Kornilaeva, Irina T. Fedyakina, Ali S. Turgiev, Alexander V. Naumkin, et al. "Virucidal Coatings Active Against SARS-CoV-2." Molecules 29, no. 20 (October 20, 2024): 4961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204961.

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Three types of coatings (contact-based, release-based, and combined coatings with both contact-based and release-based actions) were prepared and tested for the ability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. In these coatings, quaternary ammonium surfactants were used as active agents since quaternary ammonium compounds are some of the most commonly used disinfectants. To provide contact-based action, the glass and silicon surfaces with covalently attached quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant were prepared using a dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride modifier. Surface modification was confirmed by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements. The grafting density of the modifier was estimated by XPS and elemental analysis. To provide release-based action, the widely used quaternary ammonium cationic disinfectant, benzalkonium chloride (BAC), and a newly synthesized cationic gemini surfactant, C18-4-C18, were bound non-covalently to the surface either through hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions. Virus titration revealed that the surfaces with combined contact-based and release-based action and the surfaces with only release-based action completely inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Coatings containing only covalently bound disinfectant are much less effective; they only provide up to 1.25 log10 reduction in the virus titer, probably because of the low disinfectant content in the surface monolayer. No pronounced differences in the activity between the flat and structured surfaces were observed for any of the coatings under study. Comparative studies of free and electrostatically bound disinfectants show that binding to the surface of nanoparticles diminishes the activity. These data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive to the free disinfectants.

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Borzenkov, Mykola, Larysa Dolynska, Viktoriia Kochubei, Zoriana Nadashkevich, and Orest Hevus. "Obtaining of Functional Surface Active Monomers Based on tert-Butylperoxy-6-hydroxyhexanoate." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2011): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.04.363.

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