Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surfaces à petits carreaux'
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Cheboui, Smail. "Intersection Algébrique sur les surfaces à petits carreaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021MONTS006.
Full textWe study the quantity denoted Kvol defined by KVol(X,g) = Vol(X,g)*sup_{alpha,beta} frac{Int(alpha,beta)}{l_g (alpha)l_g(beta)} where X is a compact surface of genus s, Vol(X,g) is the volume (area) of the surface with respect to the metric g and alpha, beta two simple closed curves on the surface X.The main results of this thesis can be found in Chapters 3 and 4. In Chapter 3 titled "Algebraic intersection for translation surfaces in the stratum H(2)" we are interested in the sequence of kvol of surfaces L(n,n) and we provide that KVol(L(n,n)) goes to 2 when n goes to infinity. In Chapter 4 titled "Algebraic intersection for translation surfaces in a family of Teichmüller disks" we are interested in the Kvol for a surfaces belonging to the stratum H(2s-2) wich is an n-fold ramified cover of a flat torus. We are also interested in the surfaces St(2s-1) and we show that kvol(St(2s-1))=2s-1. We are also interested in the minimum of Kvol on the Teichmüller disk of the surface St(2s-1) which will be (2s-1)sqrt {frac {143}{ 144}} and it is achieved at the two points (pm frac{9}{14}, frac{sqrt{143}}{14})
Yakovlev, Ivan. "Graphes en rubans métriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0143.
Full textThis thesis presents several contributions to the study of counting functions for metric ribbon graphs. Ribbon graphs, also known as combinatorial maps, are cellular embeddings of graphs in surfaces modulo homeomorphisms. They are combinatorial objects that can be represented as gluings of polygons or factorizations of permutations. Metric on a ribbon graph is an assignment of positive lengths to its edges. The counting functions give the number of integral metric ribbon graphs with fixed combinatorics (genus of the surface, degrees of vertices, number of boundaries) as a function of the perimeters of the boundaries. Our approach to their study is purely combinatorial and relies on bijections and surgeries for ribbon graphs. Firstly, we show that these functions are piecewise (quasi-)polynomials, specifying exactly the regions of (quasi-)polynomiality. We then study the cases when their top-degree terms are honest polynomials. Our interest in such cases comes from the fact that the corresponding polynomials can be used for refined enumeration of square-tiled surfaces, which correspond to integer points in the strata of (half-)translations surfaces (equivalently, strata of differentials on Riemann surfaces). Consequently, one can give refined/alternative formulas for Masur-Veech volumes of strata. One known example are the Kontsevich polynomials, counting trivalent metric ribbon graphs of given genus and perimeters of boundaries. They were recently used by Delecroix, Goujard, Zograf and Zorich to give a combinatorial formula for the volumes of principal strata of quadratic differentials. We concentrate on face-bipartite metric ribbon graphs, which appear in the study of Abelian differentials. We show that in the case of one-vertex graphs the top-degree terms of the counting functions on certain subspaces are in fact (explicit) polynomials. As a consequence, we deduce the generating function for the contributions of n-cylinder square-tiled surfaces to the volumes of minimal strata of Abelian differentials, refining a previous result of Sauvaget. We then present a similar polynomiality result for the two subfamilies of graphs corresponding to even/odd spin connected components of the minimal strata. This also gives a refinement of a formula for the corresponding volume differences previously obtained by Chen, Möller, Sauvaget and Zagier. Next we conjecture that the polynomiality phenomenon holds for families of graphs with several vertices, if each graph is weighted by the count of certain spanning trees. We prove the conjecture in the planar case. In the process, we construct families of plane trees which correspond to certain triangulations of the product of two simlpices, which are interesting from the point of view of the theory of polytopes. Finally, we present a contribution to a joint work with Duryev and Goujard, where the combinatorial formula of Delecroix, Goujard, Zograf and Zorich is generalized to all strata of quadratic differentials with odd singularities. The contribution is a combinatorial proof of the formula for coefficients counting certain degenerations of (non-face-bipartite) metric ribbon graphs
Saadi, Fayssal. "Dynamique sur les espaces de modules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0039.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the dynamics of the mapping class subgroups on the U(2) character variety. More precisely, we deal with ergodicity questions of a subgroup G of the mapping class group Mod(g,n) of a compact surface S(g,n) of genus g and n boundary components. These questions were naturally raised after Goldman's proof of the ergodicity of mapping class groups on the SU(2)-character variety. The first general result in this direction is due to Funar and Marché by showing that the first Johnson subgroups act ergodically on the character variety, for any closed surfaces S(g). On the other hand, Brown showed the existence of an elliptic fixed point (or a double elliptic fixed point) for any subgroup generated by a pseudo-Anosov element on the punctured torus S(1,1). This led to the proof of the non-ergodicity of such subgroups by Forni, Goldman, Lawton, and Mateus by applying KAM theory. In the first part of the thesis, we study the natural dynamics of the moduli space of spherical triangles on the 2-sphere relating these dynamics to the dynamics of the mapping class group on the SU(2)-character variety of the punctured torus.The second part is devoted to the study of the existence of elliptic fixed points for pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms on the character varieties of punctured surfaces S(g,n), where g is 0 or 1. By showing that near any relative character variety of the once punctured torus, for a set of positive measure and dense of levels k, there exists a family of pseudo-Anosov elements that do not act ergodically on that level, in the case of the punctured torus S(1,1). A similar result holds for a set of parameters B in the case of the four-punctured sphere S(0,4). Then these results can be combined to construct a family of pseudo-Anosov elements on the twice-punctured torus S(1,2) that admit an elliptic fixed point.We discuss then the action of a group G generated by Dehn-twist along a pair of filling multi-curves or along a family of filling curves on S(g). We show in this part that there exist two filling multi-curves on the surface of genus two S(2) whose associated Dehn twists generate a group G acting non-ergodically on representation variety by finding explicit invariant rational functions. Similarly, We found invariant rational functions of a subgroup G generated by Dehn-twists along a family of filling loops on the character variety of the non-orientable surface of genus 4
Cabrol, Jonathan. "Origamis infinis : groupe de veech et flot linéaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4323/document.
Full textAn origami, or a square-tiled surface, is the simplest example of translation surface. An origami can be viewed as a finite collection of identical squares, glued together along their edges. We can study the linear flow on this origami, which is the geodesic flow for this kind of surfaces. This dynamical system is related to the dynamical system of billiard, or interval exchange transformations. We can also study the Veech group of an origami. The special linear group acts on the space of translation surface, and the Veech group of an origami is the stabilizer of this origami under this action. We know in particular that the Veech group is a fuchsian group. In this thesis, we work on some example of infinite origamis. These origamis are constructed as Galois covering of finite origamis. In these examples, the deck group will be an abelian group, a niltpotent group or something more difficult
Gatse, Franchel. "Spectre ordonné et branches analytiques d'une surface qui dégénère sur un graphe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3205.
Full textIn this work, we give a general framework of Riemannian surfaces that can degenerate on metric graphs and that we call surfaces made from cylinders and connecting pieces. The latter depend on a parameter t that describes the degeneration. When t goes to 0, the waists of the cylinders go to 0 but their lengths stay fixed. We thus obtain the edges of the limiting graph. The connecting pieces are squeezed in all directions and degenerate on the vertices of the limiting graph. We then study the asymptotic behaviour of the spectrum of these surfaces when t varies from two different points of view, considering the spectrum either as a sequence of ordered eigenvalues or as a collection of analytic eigenbranches. In the case of ordered eigenvalues, we recover a rather classical statement, and prove that the spectrum converges to the spectrum of the limiting object. The study of the analytic eigenbranches is more original. We prove that any such eigenbranch converges and we give a characterisation of the possible limits. These results apply to translation surfaces on which there is a completely periodic direction
Gutiérrez, Rodolfo. "Combinatorial theory of the Kontsevich–Zorich cocycle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/GUTIERREZ_Rodolfo_2_complete_20190408.pdf.
Full textIn this work, three questions related to the Kontsevich--Zorich cocycle in the moduli space of quadratic differentials are studied by using combinatorial techniques.The first two deal with the structure of the Rauzy--Veech groups of Abelian and quadratic differentials, respectively. These groups encode the homological action of almost-closed orbits of the Teichmüller geodesic flow in a given component of a stratum via the Kontsevich--Zorich cocycle. For Abelian differentials, we completely classify such groups, showing that they are explicit subgroups of symplectic groups that are commensurable to arithmetic lattices. For quadratic differentials, we show that they are also commensurable to arithmetic lattices of symplectic groups if certain conditions on the orders of the singularities are satisfied.The third question deals with the realisability of certain algebraic groups as Zariski-closures of monodromy groups of square-tiled surfaces. Indeed, we show that some groups of the form SO*(2d) are realisable as such Zariski-closures
Zidna, Ahmed. "Contribution à la modélisation des carreaux troués." Metz, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1990/Zidna.Ahmed.SMZ9018.pdf.
Full textBerroug, Mohamed. "Contribution à la résolution du problème d'intersection de deux carreaux de surfaces." Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Berroug.Mohamed.SMZ9534.pdf.
Full textThe research of intersection curves of two parametric surfaces is one of the most delicat and indisponsable operation for modeling complex shapes. The difficulties are : tangentiel intersection, small loops and the representation of the intersection by a piecewise linear approximation. In this thesis, we developp the two existant methods : recursive subdivision and tracing methods. For the first, we developp the two tests defining the method : separating and flatness tests. We had implement the method in many versions. An experimental implentation helps us to choose the best one. For the second method, we developp a tracing procedure for regular curves using the intrinsic proprities of the treated curve. The use of the notion of oriented function distance and the strategy of the recurive subdivision method permet to treat tangential intersection (isolated and simple) and small loops are treated
Perna, Éliane. "Modèles de surfaces pour la CFAO, raccordement de carreaux définis par produit tensoriel." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10236.
Full textRenaut, Erwan. "Reconstruction de la topologie et génération de maillages de surfaces composées de carreaux paramétrés." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0032.
Full textMesh generation of surfaces created by a CAD (computer aided design) system requires an appropriate definition of the topology of the patches composing a surface. So, a surface is constituted by a conforming assembly of patches, each patch is made of a conforming assembly of curved segments, and each curved segment is bounded by its two extremities. These curved segments and end points form the skeleton of the surface, and the topological conformity requires that adjacency relations between patches are expressed in terms of these elementary entities. Since the topological information is rarely provided by the CAD system, we propose to rebuild the squeleton in an automatic way thanks to geometric considerations. Mesh generation using an indirect approach (via the parametric domains) requires to consult very often the parametrization of the analytic surface. This operation is time-wasting and can also make the generation fail when the parametrization presents some singularities (null or undefined derivatives). In order to remedy those problems, we propose to associate the surface with a geometric support. The latter corresponds to a piecewise linear (or quadratic) approximation of the surface. Further, the surface mesh of the object skin is the starting point for building a volumic mesh. To improve the quality of the volumic mesh (or to make its construction possible), we present a surface remeshing method using a proximity criterion
Kusno. "Contribution à la solution du problème de construction et de raccordement géométrique de surfaces développables régulières à l'aide des carreaux de Bézier." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Kusno.SMZ9851.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to get a solution of the construction and the GC1,2 geometric joint problem of the regular developable surfaces limited by two parallel plans and aided by Bézier patches. The first chapter introduces the definition problem of a plates series supported by two parametric curves as a data. The second chapter presents the bibliographical study about the developable surfaces. This study emphasizes firstly on the theoretical aspect and then, on the evaluation to the existing methods for solving this problem. The third chapter talks about the sufficient condition of the regularity and the classification of the developable surface. The objective of this research is to get a general expression of the developable surface which it can be applied in CAD-CAM and, particularly, for the treatment in this problem. The fourth chapter proposes the construction method of the regular developable Bézier patches defined by two boundary curves lied respectively on two different parallel plans. The discussion is focused essentially on the choice of the real scalar function for controlling the velocity vector of these boundary curves. That method is very applicable for the treatment of the approximation problem of the regular ruled surface limited by two parallel plans. The fifth chapter presents some equations of the GCU geometric continuity condition between two regular developable Bézier patches. The sixth chapter assures some advantages of this method by comparing with the existing methods in the naval designing
Michel, Dominique. "Contribution à la conception, la mise en oeuvre et l'amélioration des algorithmes de calcul des intersections de carreaux NURBS." Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Michel.Dominique.SMZ9211.pdf.
Full textSolid objects shape modelling is a basic sight of CAD. The shape of a solid is usually defined by assembling several surfaces (Boundary representation). Many mathematic surface models, suitables for CAD/CAM have been built. This paper deals with NURBS (Non Uniform Rational B-spline) surfaces ; they generalize the Bézier Patches and provide an exact representation of quadric surfaces. Building objects by assembling several patches leads the solid modeler to be able to trim the surface patches and, hence, to be able to compute intersections between surfaces. In this report we study the different ways to solve the problem parametric surface-parametric surface intersection. The standard methods are recalled. We mean : the well known divide and conquer method which reduces the general problem to the case of flat surfaces intersection ; Farouki's method which deals with the case of parametric surface implicit surface intersection ; the tracing algorithm which computes a sequence of close-set points along the intersection curve. The three approaches are interesting, they suit to differents sights of the same problem. Some solutions which try to combine the different advantages, are developped. A new simplifying NURBS patches algorithm which generalizes the first standard method is designed ; its associates recursive subdivision and degree decrease. The resultant's theory provides a complete solution of the problem degree 2 rational curve-bicadric rational patche intersection. It can be efficiently applied to the computation of intersection curves. At last an algorithm based on the tracing curves scheme is implemented. In this algorithm, the being built curve is parameterized by the arc length. This allows one to get, for each point, geometric informations which are used to accurate the curve behaviour. They contribute to improve the performance of the algorithm. Uniting these three operations leads to a general algorithm. The main difficulties of builiding intersection curves, detection of closed curves and dealing with singularities are discussed and partially solved in some cases
KUSNO, Gardan Yvon. "CONTRIBUTION A LA SOLUTION DU PROBLEME DE CONSTRUCTION ET DE RACCORDEMENT GEOMETRIQUE DE SURFACES DEVELOPPABLES REGULIERES A L'AIDE DES CARREAUX DE BEZIER /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1998/Kusno.SMZ9851.pdf.
Full textVallée, Anne. "Vers une compréhension des interfaces biomolécules-surfaces métalliques : adsorption de petits peptides sur des surfaces d'or, de l'Ultra Haut Vide à la phase liquide." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066699.
Full textPerrot, Emmauel. "Etude par microscopies à sonde locale de petits agrégats de palladium supportés par les surfaces de clivage MoS2(0001) et MgO(100)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22035.
Full textDuveau, Estelle. "Mesure de surface 3D pour la caractérisation ostéo-musculaire de petits vertébrés : application à la caractérisation du vieillissement chez la souris." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909703.
Full textMeskeh, Mahran. "Vers une standardisation personnalisée du marketing relationnel du point de vente : Etude exploratoire des hypermarchés français au Moyen-Orient." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10062.
Full textWhereas the market of the Middle East is marked by spending patterns mainly turned towards a traditional mode of distribution, the French hypermarkets managed to be introduced there with a quasi direct success. The negotiation which belongs integral part to the act of purchase as well as the social relation developed with the salesman occupies an essential place in the culture of consumption of the area. The context of purchase suggested by the format of French sale is with the antipode of the traditional purchase. This paradox undertook our research to know how the French hypermarkets direct and develop their relational strategy marketing in the market of the Middle East. It is then a question of understanding if the personalized standardization of the relational marketing of an sales outlet supports its integration at the local market. Research is based on the theoretical contributions of the literature of the internationalization of the companies, international marketing and relational marketing and their respective fields of application to the sector of large distribution. The analysis of research is of nature exploratory. The chosen methodological step is qualitative. It is based initially on the direct observation and semi-directing conversation then on the method of summary chosen like means of data analysis of research. The results have to show that the hypermarket is a model of distribution adapted to the international one. The French signs apply all relational marketing domesticates while bringing relative adaptations to the local market. The adoption of a personalized standardization proves to be a compromise between the will to maintain the notoriety of the sign and the need for adapting to the local request
Impéror-Clerc, Marianne. "Étude de transition de phase vers les phases cubiques des systèmes eau/surfactant." Paris 11, 1992. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01989797.
Full textLiscio, Fabiola. "Nanostructures magnetiques auto-assemblees sur des surfaces a faible energie par epitaxie par jets moleculaires." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391031.
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