Academic literature on the topic 'Surface water and groundwater interaction'

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Journal articles on the topic "Surface water and groundwater interaction"

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Nawalany, Marek, Grzegorz Sinicyn, Maria Grodzka-Łukaszewska, and Dorota Mirosław-Świątek. "Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction—Analytical Approach." Water 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061792.

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Modelling of water flow in the hyporheic zone and calculations of water exchange between groundwater and surface waters are important issues in modern environmental research. The article presents the Analytical Hyporheic Flux approach (AHF) permitting calculation of the amount of water exchange in the hyporheic zone, including vertical water seepage through the streambed and horizontal seepage through river banks. The outcome of the model, namely water fluxes, is compared with the corresponding results from the numerical model SEEP2D and simple Darcy-type model. The errors of the AHF model, in a range of 11–16%, depend on the aspect ratio of water depth to river width, and the direction of the river–aquifer water exchange, i.e., drainage or infiltration. The AHF model errors are significantly lower compared to the often-used model based on vertical water seepage through the streambed described by Darcy’s law.
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Guggenmos, M. R., C. J. Daughney, B. M. Jackson, and U. Morgenstern. "Regional-scale identification of groundwater-surface water interaction using hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical methods, Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 15, 2011): 3383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3383-2011.

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Abstract. Identifying areas of interaction between groundwater and surface water is crucial for effective environmental management, because this interaction is known to influence water quantity and quality. This paper applies hydrochemistry and multivariate statistics to identify locations and mechanisms of groundwater-surface water interaction in the pastorally dominated Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were conducted using site-specific median values of Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and electrical conductivity from 22 surface water sites and 246 groundwater sites. Surface water and groundwater monitoring sites were grouped together in three of the seven clusters identified by HCA, with the inference made that similarities in hydrochemistry indicate groundwater-surface water interaction. PCA indicated that the clusters were largely differentiated by total dissolved solids concentration, redox condition and ratio of major ions. Shallow aerobic groundwaters, located in close proximity to losing reaches of rivers, were grouped with similar Ca-HCO3 type surface waters, indicating potential recharge to aquifers from these river systems. Groundwaters that displayed a rainfall-recharged chemical signature with higher Na relative to Ca, higher Cl relative to HCO3 and an accumulation of NO3 were grouped with neighbouring surface waters, suggesting the provision of groundwater base flow to these river systems and the transfer of this chemical signature from underlying aquifers. The hydrochemical techniques used in this study did not reveal groundwater-surface water interaction in some parts of the study area, specifically where deep anoxic groundwaters, high in total dissolved solids with a distinct Na-Cl signature, showed no apparent link to surface water. The drivers of hydrochemistry inferred from HCA and PCA are consistent with previous measurements of 18O, water age and excess air. Overall, this study has shown that multivariate statistics can be used as a rapid method to identify groundwater-surface water interaction at a regional scale using existing hydrochemical datasets.
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Guggenmos, M. R., C. J. Daughney, B. M. Jackson, and U. Morgenstern. "Regional-scale identification of groundwater-surface water interaction using hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical methods, Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 6, 2011): 6443–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-6443-2011.

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Abstract. Identifying areas of interaction between groundwater and surface water is crucial for effective environmental management, because this interaction is known to influence water quantity and quality. This paper applies hydrochemistry and multivariate statistics to identify locations and mechanisms of groundwater-surface water interaction in the pastorally dominated Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were conducted using site-specific median values of Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and electrical conductivity from 22 surface water sites and 246 groundwater sites. Surface water and groundwater monitoring sites were grouped together in three of the seven clusters identified by HCA, with the inference made that similarities in hydrochemistry indicate groundwater-surface water interaction. PCA indicated that the clusters were largely differentiated by total dissolved solids concentration, redox potential and ratio of major ions. Shallow aerobic groundwaters, located in close proximity to losing reaches of rivers, were grouped with similar Ca-HCO3 type surface waters, indicating potential recharge to aquifers from these river systems. Groundwaters that displayed a rainfall-recharged chemical signature with higher Na relative to Ca, higher Cl relative to HCO3 and an accumulation of NO3 were grouped with neighbouring surface waters, suggesting the provision of groundwater base flow to these river systems and the transfer of this chemical signature from underlying aquifers. The hydrochemical techniques used in this study did not reveal groundwater-surface water interaction in some parts of the study area, specifically where deep anoxic groundwaters, high in total dissolved solids with a distinct Na-Cl signature, showed no apparent link to surface water. The drivers of hydrochemistry inferred from HCA and PCA are consistent with previous measurements of 18O, water age and excess air. Overall, this study has shown that multivariate statistics can be used as a rapid method to identify groundwater-surface water interaction at a regional scale using existing hydrochemical datasets.
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Guggenmos, M. R., B. M. Jackson, and C. J. Daughney. "Investigation of groundwater-surface water interaction using hydrochemical sampling with high temporal resolution, Mangatarere catchment, New Zealand." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 21, 2011): 10225–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-10225-2011.

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Abstract. The interaction between groundwater and surface water is dynamic and is known to show considerable spatial and temporal variability. Generally hydrological studies that investigate this interaction are conducted at weekly to yearly timescales and inadvertently lose information contained at the neglected shorter timescales. This paper utilises high resolution physical and chemical measurements to investigate the groundwater and surface water interactions of the small temperate Mangatarere Stream in New Zealand. Continuous electrical conductivity, water temperature and stage measurements were obtained at two surface water gauging stations and one groundwater station, along with one week of intensive hydrochemical grab sampling. A second groundwater gauging station provided limited additional data. The downstream reach of the Mangatarere Stream received significant base flow from neighbouring groundwaters which provided cool Na+-Cl− type waters, high in TDS and NO−3 concentrations. This reach also lost water to underlying groundwaters during an extended dry period when precipitation and regional groundwater stage were low. The upstream groundwater station received recharge primarily from precipitation as indicated by a Na+-Cl−-NO−3 signature, the result of precipitation passage through the soil-water zone. However, river recharge was also provided to the upstream groundwater station as indicated by the transferral of a diurnal water temperature pattern and dilute Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3−-Cl− signature. Results obtained from the Mangatarere catchment confirm the temporal complexities of groundwater and surface water interaction and highlight the benefits of multiple investigative approaches and the importance of high frequency hydrochemical sampling and monitoring for process understanding.
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Hadi, Saad. "SURFACE WATER-GROUNDWATER INTERACTION IN DIWANIYA, SOUTHERN IRAQ USING ISOTOPIC AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2B (August 31, 2020): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2b.5rs-2020-09-05.

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TANIGUCHI, Makoto. "Interaction between Groundwater and Surface Water/Sea Water." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 43, no. 3 (2001): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.43.189.

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TANIGUCHI, Makoto. "Interaction between Groundwater and Surface Water/Sea Water." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 43, no. 4 (2001): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.43.343.

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TANIGUCHI, Makoto, and Hiroyuki TOSAKA. "Interaction between Groundwater and Surface Water / Sea Water." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 43, no. 1 (2001): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.43.41.

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Babre, Alise, Andis Kalvāns, Aija Dēliņa, Konrāds Popovs, and Jānis Bikše. "Investigation of surface water – groundwater interactions in the Salaca headwaters using water stable isotopes." Folia Geographica 15 (2016): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/fg.15.1.

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Shen, Shuai, Teng Ma, Yao Du, Kewen Luo, Yamin Deng, and Zongjie Lu. "Temporal variations in groundwater nitrogen under intensive groundwater/surface-water interaction." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 5 (March 14, 2019): 1753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01952-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surface water and groundwater interaction"

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Oxtobee, Jaime Peter Allan. "Groundwater/surface water interaction in a fractured bedrock environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63350.pdf.

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Aradas, Rodolfo D. "Groundwater and surface water interaction for integrated catchment planning." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12810/.

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Integrated Catchment Management (ICM), defined as the design of intervention strategies encompassing and integrating the fields of hydrology, environmental, social and economic science, is vital in order to reach sustainable solutions on a catchment basis. Modelling lies at the core of the ICM process as it supports baseline studies and enables analysis of proposed intervention measures both for present day conditions and under future scenarios. Its core role in ICM leads to the need to develop modelling into a more comprehensive activity within which the design of a modelling approach, selection of tools and need for linkages can be thoughtfully matched to the requirements of ICM. Initial research revealed a gap in this area, leading to development of a Framework for Catchment Modelling Studies (FCMS) intended to create a staged and systematic approach that could be used as a template for development of modelling exercises that strike the right balance between ICM needs, project costs and the availability of human and technical resources. To demonstrate the utility of the FCMS and populate it with application guidance, practical techniques and examples, technical research was focused on analysis of groundwater-surface water interaction in the Rio Salado Basin. This flatland of 175,000km2, is located in the Buenos Aires Province of Argentina and features widespread groundwater-surface water interaction as the key driver of the flooding in vast areas of the basin. This flooding currently limits the potential for agricultural and livestock development of what is, economically, most important region of the country. Research revealed that use of uncoupled groundwater-surface water models was inadequate to simulate observed flooding in a test area of the Rio Salado Basin, and a new program - iSISMOD - was developed by coupling MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988) with ISIS (HR Wallingford and Halcrow, 1995) to permit dynamic coupling of both systems and support improved flood probability mapping. The research concludes that adoption of an FCMS approach would provide scientists and engineers with a systematic basis from which to think through technical issues involved in the modelling cycle, and would facilitate improved decision making on key issues, such as when uncoupled models must be replaced by coupled models. This systematic approach is not only resource-effective, it is more importantly essential to support development of integrated catchment management plans that are sustainable.
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Jones, Cullen Brandon. "Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions near Mosier, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3414.

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The town of Mosier, Oregon, is located near the east, dry end of the Columbia River Gorge, and the local area is known for cherry orchards that rely heavily on groundwater for irrigation. The CRBG groundwater system in Mosier has experienced groundwater declines of up to 60 meters due to over-pumping and or commingling. Declining groundwater levels have led to concerns over the sustainability of the resource, as it is the principle water source for irrigation and domestic use. Despite numerous previous studies of groundwater flow in CRBG aquifers here and elsewhere in the Columbia River basin, an aspect that has received relatively little attention is the interaction between groundwater and surface waters at locations where interflow zones are intersected by the surface waters. The objective of my research is to investigate how CRBG interflow zone exposures in Mosier Creek may be controlling groundwater elevations in the area. The methods used include: (1) geochemical analysis of well cuttings and detailed geologic mapping along area streams to identify interflow zones of individual CRBG flows, (2) analysis of stream discharge data and groundwater elevation data to confirm exchange of groundwater and surface waters, and (3) collection and analyses of 31 water samples from area wells, streams, and springs, to determine if waters from individual CRBG aquifers can be hydrochemically identified and to further constrain understanding of surface and groundwater interactions. My study confirms that the general elevation of the Pomona Member and Basalt of Lolo interflow zone creek exposure is coincident with the elevation where a change in slope of the decline trend in 2004 is seen in Mosier area well hydrographs. Furthermore, the results of stream discharge data indicated a close connection between drawdown from groundwater pumping during irrigation season and groundwater- surface water interaction. At the time of drawdown in the upper-most CRBG aquifer (Pomona), the stream transitions from gaining to losing water into the groundwater system. Elemental chemistry data indicates the Frenchman Springs Sentinel Gap aquifer waters are the most evolved waters in this study. Stable isotopic data reinforced this determination as the Sentinel Gap waters are the lightest, or most negative, with regard to δD and δ18O. Sentinel Gap samples were more depleted than other aquifer samples by 4.38 to 6.89 0/100 for δD and 0.39 to 0.59 0/100 for δ18O. The results of the general chemistry and isotope data reveal a more evolved chemical signature in lower watershed groundwater versus a less evolved signature for waters from wells located higher up on the Columbia Hills anticline. This was interpreted to be the result of the major structural features in the area providing for a more regional pathway of recharge in lower watershed groundwaters, versus a more local source of recharge for upper watershed groundwaters. There was also a pronounced commingled signature in the elemental ratios of lower watershed aquifer waters. The suspected mechanism of recharge to lower watershed wells is through younger Cascadian deposits upslope from the local watershed. The findings of this study reveal the importance of a detailed understanding of CRBG stratigraphy and its relation to surface waters, especially for other areas within the Yakima Fold Belt or Oregon and Washington. Studies that do not consider the influence that individual CRBG flows can have on groundwater-surface water interactions, and the groundwater system as a whole, run the risk of improperly assessing the groundwater resource for a region.
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Starzyk, Cynthia Ann. "Simulating surface water - groundwater interaction in the Bertrand Creek Watershed, B.C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42520.

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This research investigates the nature and controls of surface water–groundwater interaction at the watershed scale, and investigates how mechanisms which control this interaction during baseflow conditions might best be represented within an integrated surface-subsurface numerical model. The study site is the 46 km² Bertrand Creek Watershed, which is situated in a glaciated landscape in southern western British Columbia. A conceptual model of surface water–groundwater interaction along Bertrand Creek is developed based on a field data collection program conducted during the dry seasons of 2006 and 2007. The investigation relies on a suite of field techniques to characterize the nature of the interaction, including hydrologic measurements, stream water chemistry, and point-based measurements of streambed flux. These measurements are complemented by an assessment of topographic slope over the alluvial aquifer to infer the groundwater flow direction. Results indicate that topography adjacent to the stream is a principal control on water exchange between Bertrand Creek and the underlying aquifer. Topography influences the direction of groundwater flow adjacent to the stream and determines the persistence and magnitude of groundwater discharge along the channel. The conceptual model is used to develop an integrated numerical model of Bertrand Creek Watershed using HydroGeoSphere. HydroGeoSphere is a three-dimensional physics-based model that simulates overland flow, unsaturated flow, and groundwater flow in a fully integrated manner. The watershed model is calibrated using field data collected in 2007, including measured streamflows, groundwater contributions to streamflow, hydraulic heads, soil moisture contents, and change in surface water height in a pond. The calibrated watershed model is then evaluated against, and suitably represents, hydrologic data collected in 2006. Simulating baseflows and the seasonal hydrologic response requires that features controlling the spatial distribution of recharge, such as surficial soils and topography, are adequately characterized and represented within the model. Model results further demonstrate that evapotranspiration, particularly transpiration within the riparian zone, is a significant control of baseflows in Bertrand Creek. Finally, the calibrated model is used as a predictive tool to assess the impact of groundwater withdrawals on streamflow depletion.
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au, Tony J. Smith@csiro, and Anthony John Smith. "Periodic forcing of surface water-groundwater interaction : modelling in vertical section." Murdoch University, 1999. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090617.93320.

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Sinusoidal variations in recharge can induce cyclical flows in surface water and groundwater. In this thesis, such time-dependent flows are explored in a coupled lakeaquifer system. The modelling extends previous steady state results and introduces new flow-visualisation techniques. Local responses in a 2D vertical section are illustrated for lakes within a 1D regional groundwater mound. The theory employs complex variables to decouple the periodic groundwater flows into separate steady state and fluctuating components. The time dependent behaviour causes the lake-aquifer flow to change between flowthrough, recharge and discharge regimes. Corresponding fluctuations between inflow and outflow across the lakebed allow interchange of lake water with the aquifer (recycling and recapture). This also gives rise to sinuous flowpaths that can result in apparent dispersion; the number and size of waves, cusps and loops is characterised by a nondimensional waviness ratio. Streakline plots are introduced and provide an intuitive impression of the time-dependent groundwater motion. Such plots are enhanced by animation and illustrate the complex and potentially dispersive nature of the flows. Interplay between the steady state and fluctuating responses determines the type and strength of flow regime transition. Importantly, there is an inverse relationship between head and flow in the fluctuating response. This is characterised by a dimensionless response time; a function of the aquifer geometry, hydraulic properties and period of fluctuation. During fast response, the recharge propagates mainly as fluctuation in flow, with small phase lags; particle trajectories form elliptical paths in the visualised flows. With a slower aquifer response, variation in recharge is manifest mostly as fluctuation in water level; cyclical perturbations in the flows are small and flows are nearly in steady state. The position of a lake within the regional setting, size of the lake, and ratio of lake to aquifer recharge are important to the steady state response. Flow-through regimes occur throughout the regional setting, but dominate when the lake is lower in the system and groundwater flow is greater. Discharge and recharge regimes occur higher in the flow system, when the ratio of lake to aquifer recharge is large in magnitude.
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Smith, Anthony John. "Periodic forcing of surface water-groundwater interaction: modelling in vertical section." Smith, Anthony John (1999) Periodic forcing of surface water-groundwater interaction: modelling in vertical section. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/689/.

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Sinusoidal variations in recharge can induce cyclical flows in surface water and groundwater. In this thesis, such time-dependent flows are explored in a coupled lakeaquifer system. The modelling extends previous steady state results and introduces new flow-visualisation techniques. Local responses in a 2D vertical section are illustrated for lakes within a 1D regional groundwater mound. The theory employs complex variables to decouple the periodic groundwater flows into separate steady state and fluctuating components. The time dependent behaviour causes the lake-aquifer flow to change between flowthrough, recharge and discharge regimes. Corresponding fluctuations between inflow and outflow across the lakebed allow interchange of lake water with the aquifer (recycling and recapture). This also gives rise to sinuous flowpaths that can result in apparent dispersion; the number and size of waves, cusps and loops is characterised by a nondimensional waviness ratio. Streakline plots are introduced and provide an intuitive impression of the time-dependent groundwater motion. Such plots are enhanced by animation and illustrate the complex and potentially dispersive nature of the flows. Interplay between the steady state and fluctuating responses determines the type and strength of flow regime transition. Importantly, there is an inverse relationship between head and flow in the fluctuating response. This is characterised by a dimensionless response time; a function of the aquifer geometry, hydraulic properties and period of fluctuation. During fast response, the recharge propagates mainly as fluctuation in flow, with small phase lags; particle trajectories form elliptical paths in the visualised flows. With a slower aquifer response, variation in recharge is manifest mostly as fluctuation in water level; cyclical perturbations in the flows are small and flows are nearly in steady state. The position of a lake within the regional setting, size of the lake, and ratio of lake to aquifer recharge are important to the steady state response. Flow-through regimes occur throughout the regional setting, but dominate when the lake is lower in the system and groundwater flow is greater. Discharge and recharge regimes occur higher in the flow system, when the ratio of lake to aquifer recharge is large in magnitude.
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Stahl, Mason Odell. "Surface-water groundwater interaction and arsenic mobilization in south and southeast Asia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99609.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Contamination of groundwater with geogenic arsenic is widespread throughout much of South and Southeast Asia and poses a serious health risk to the millions of individuals who consume this water. It is widely agreed that the dominant mechanism of arsenic mobilization is reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron-oxides coupled to the oxidation of organic carbon. However, it is unclear why dissolved arsenic concentrations have reached the high levels currently observed in aquifers throughout the region. In particular, the influence of surface water recharge on arsenic contamination remains unresolved. To address this issue we studied the hydrogeology and geochemistry of two arsenic contaminated sites: one site in Vietnam and another site in Bangladesh. Our field site in Vietnam is located adjacent to the Red River and has been impacted by intensive groundwater pumping for decades. The aquifer now receives net recharge from the river. We conducted a hydrogeologic and geochemical investigation to determine the influence of riverine recharge on groundwater arsenic concentrations. We determined that rates of arsenic mobilization in freshly deposited riverbed sediments are up to 1000 times those of inland aquifer sediments and measured arsenic concentrations in riverbed porewaters that exceeded the aquifer concentrations. We found the effect of riverine recharge is controlled by the geomorphic setting of the river-aquifer interface. Aquifers inland of freshly deposited river reaches are highly contaminated with dissolved arsenic, whereas aquifers inland of non-depositional river reaches host low arsenic groundwater. At our Bangladesh field site the aquifer has been impacted by the construction of man-made ponds, which provide 40% of aquifer recharge. To investigate the role of ponds on groundwater arsenic levels we constructed and instrumented a pond, installed a network of 100 wells, performed laboratory experiments, and collected sediment and water samples over three years. Our characterization of the pond physical hydrology and the pond and aquifer geochemistry reveals that arsenic mobilization within the aquifer is primarily driven by sedimentary organic matter. While ponds contribute substantial aquifer recharge our results suggest that high arsenic concentrations in Bangladesh are not driven by surface water recharge and likely emerged prior to anthropogenic perturbations to the hydrology.
by Mason Odell Stahl.
Ph. D. in Environmental Engineering
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Porter, Sandra. "Groundwater/surface water interaction in the Raisin River watershed, near Cornwall, Ontario." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10133.

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A field study was conducted in 1994 and 1995 to understand the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the Raisin River watershed, near Cornwall, Ontario. The Raisin River lies within an agricultural region which relies heavily on groundwater use. The regional groundwater supply is predominantly from a limestone aquifer which underlies various surficial deposits (primarily glacial till). Groundwater movement appears to be in a southeasterly direction, towards the St. Lawrence River. Seepage meters, mini-piezometers, and a falling head permeameter were used to (i) measure the flux of groundwater into (positive seepage) or out (negative seepage) of the Raisin River, and (ii) measure the hydraulic conductivity of the Raisin River sediments. Measurements were made at thirteen sites within the watershed. To identify the source of groundwater and study processes of streamflow generation during storm runoff, surface water, groundwater, and rainwater samples were collected for environmental isotopes (oxygen-18 and deuterium). Raisin River discharge data were also analysed. Seepage measurements and hydraulic conductivities exhibit significant variability. The coefficients of variation for seepage measurements ranged from 20.3 to 392%, and for hydraulic conductivity from 0 to 161%, depending on the site. Seepage flux ranges from $2.23\times10\sp{-6}$ to $\rm{-}9.82\times10\sp{-9}m\sp3m\sp{-2}s\sp{-1},$ and hydraulic conductivity ranges from 10$\sp{-6}$ to 10$\sp{-9}$ ms$\sp{-1}$ (a negative seepage flux indicates groundwater flow from the aquifer to the river). Environmental isotope analyses indicate that meteoric water is the source of local groundwater with a mean residence time of approximately 4 months. After a storm event, groundwater composed 63% of total stream discharge. The peak response in the river is approximately two days after a storm event. These variables indicate that groundwater/surface water relationships should be taken into account if decisions are made with respect to water quality or quantity. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Madlala, Tebogo Eugene. "Determination of groundwater-surface water interaction, upper Berg River catchment, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5331.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
The present study investigated the application of a multi-method approach to determine groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions to quantify and characterize the quality of water resources in a fractured rock aquifer system in upper catchment of the Berg River (G10A). Demonstrating methods for improved understanding of groundwater and surface water interactions is important for informing development of strategies that ensure effective utilization and management of water resources. Applying a single method to inform innovative strategies for water resources has proved futile. The current study shows how the use of several methods can provide the basis for devising practical strategies for water resource utilization and management. The three methods were applied as follows: First, the base flow separation was used whereby the Chapman and Lynne & Hollick digital filter algorithms were applied to time-series streamflow data from four stream gauging stations in the catchment. The computation from algorithms on three sites (gauging stations) showed that the mean Base Flow Index (BFI) value ranged between 7%-8% for the 2012-2014 periods. This means that discharges from subsurface water storages dominate stream flows throughout the study period. Secondly, the quality of groundwater and surface water was sampled using standard methods. Piper Diagrams generated on Aquachem™ software and radial charts were used to identify the predominant hydrochemical facies. Results showed that Na-Cl was the predominant GW and SW water-type. This means that both GW and SW are mainly influenced by recharging surface water as well as interaction occurring between the rock matrices and infiltrating water. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate the factors controlling GW and SW chemistry in the upper Berg River catchment and the results showed that GW and SW are influenced by natural processes. Two main factors (a. & b.) were extracted which explained 71.8% of the variation in both GW and SW physicochemical parameters. These factors include water-rock interactions and the recharge of surface water. Cluster Analysis extracted four major clusters that grouped sites with similar physicochemical characteristics together. Finally, differential stream gauging was applied to a 600m reach above the Berg River Dam. Three 200m sub-reaches were used to compute differences in flows between sub-reaches. Stream flow at each sub-reach was estimated using mass balance equations with electrical conductivity measurements during instant salt tracer injection tests. Results indicated that during both the wet season (high flow) dry season (low flow), the river continuously lost water to the subsurface. This was demonstrated by the 0.91m³/s and 2.24m³/s decrease in stream flow along the 600m reach. Dry season flow decreases were less than wet season flow decreases, indicated by markedly lower flow loss in respect to the wet season. This confirms results of the analysis of base flow separation, which indicated that discharges from subsurface storages dominate stream flows during low flow periods. The differential stream gauging approach did not provide distinct points along the selected stream reach where GW-SW interaction occurred; rather it provided a holistic representation of seasonal flow variations along the selected reach. This study showed that upper Berg River catchment is dependent on discharges from subsurface water storages to maintain dry season flows. Furthermore, this study showed that infiltration of surface water and discharge of subsurface water transfers the respective chemical signature of the contributor, meaning that the transfer of water of suitable quality will reduce contamination in the receiving water body (i.e. surface water). Transfer of water between subsurface and surface water contributed an average of 8% of the gauged flows in the catchment between 2012 and 2014, suggesting that the groundwater recharge process dominates this catchment.
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Tanner, Jane Louise. "Understanding and modelling of surface and groundwater interactions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012994.

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The connections between surface water and groundwater systems remain poorly understood in many catchments throughout the world and yet they are fundamental to effectively managing water resources. Managing water resources in an integrated manner is not straightforward, particularly if both resources are being utilised, and especially in those regions that suffer problems of data scarcity. This study explores some of the principle issues associated with understanding and practically modelling surface and groundwater interactions. In South Africa, there remains much controversy over the most appropriate type of integrated model to be used and the way forward in terms of the development of the discipline; part of the disagreement stems from the fact that we cannot validate models adequately. This is largely due to traditional forms of model testing having limited power as it is difficult to differentiate between the uncertainties within different model structures, different sets of alternative parameter values and in the input data used to run the model. While model structural uncertainties are important to consider, the uncertainty from input data error together with parameter estimation error are often more significant to the overall residual error, and essential to consider if we want to achieve reliable predictions for water resource decisions. While new philosophies and theories on modelling and results validation have been developed (Beven, 2002; Gupta et al., 2008), in many cases models are not only still being validated and compared using sparse and uncertain datasets, but also expected to produce reliable predictions based on the flawed data. The approach in this study is focused on fundamental understanding of hydrological systems rather than calibration based modelling and promotes the use of all the available 'hard' and 'soft' data together with thoughtful conceptual examination of the processes occurring in an environment to ensure as far as possible that a model is generating sensible results by simulating the correct processes. The first part of the thesis focuses on characterising the 'typical' interaction environments found in South Africa. It was found that many traditional perceptual models are not necessarily applicable to South African conditions, largely due to the relative importance of unsaturated zone processes and the complexity of the dominantly fractured rock environments. The interaction environments were categorised into four main 'types' of environment. These include karst, primary, fractured rock (secondary), and alluvial environments. Processes critical to Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) were defined within each interaction type as a guideline to setting a model up to realistically represent the dominant processes in the respective settings. The second part of the thesis addressed the application and evaluation of the modified Pitman model (Hughes, 2004), which allows for surface and groundwater interaction behaviour at the catchment scale to be simulated. The issue is whether, given the different sources of uncertainty in the modelling process, we can differentiate one conceptual flow path from another in trying to refine the understanding and consequently have more faith in model predictions. Seven example catchments were selected from around South Africa to assess whether reliable integrated assessments can be carried out given the existing data. Specific catchment perceptual models were used to identify the critical processes occurring in each setting and the Pitman model was assessed on whether it could represent them (structural uncertainty). The available knowledge of specific environments or catchments was then examined in an attempt to resolve the parameter uncertainty present within each catchment and ensure the subsequent model setup was correctly representing the process understanding as far as possible. The confidence in the quantitative results inevitably varied with the amount and quality of the data available. While the model was deemed to be robust based on the behavioural results obtained in the majority of the case studies, in many cases a quantitative validation of the outputs was just not possible based on the available data. In these cases, the model was judged on its ability to represent the conceptualisation of the processes occurring in the catchments. While the lack of appropriate data means there will always be considerable uncertainty surrounding model validation, it can be argued that improved process understanding in an environment can be used to validate model outcomes to a degree, by assessing whether a model is getting the right results for the right reasons. Many water resource decisions are still made without adequate account being taken of the uncertainties inherent in assessing the response of hydrological systems. Certainly, with all the possible sources of uncertainty in a data scarce country such as South Africa, pure calibration based modelling is unlikely to produce reliable information for water resource managers as it can produce the right results for the wrong reasons. Thus it becomes essential to incorporate conceptual thinking into the modelling process, so that at the very least we are able to conclude that a model generates estimates that are consistent with, and reflect, our understanding (however limited) of the catchment processes. It is fairly clear that achieving the optimum model of a hydrological system may be fraught with difficulty, if not impossible. This makes it very difficult from a practitioner's point of view to decide which model and uncertainty estimation method to use. According to Beven (2009), this may be a transitional problem and in the future it may become clearer as we learn more about how to estimate the uncertainties associated with hydrological systems. Until then, a better understanding of the fundamental and most critical hydrogeological processes should be used to critically test and improve model predictions as far as possible. A major focus of the study was to identify whether the modified Pitman model could provide a practical tool for water resource managers by reliably determining the available water resource. The incorporation of surface and groundwater interaction routines seems to have resulted in a more robust and realistic model of basin hydrology. The overall conclusion is that the model, although simplified, is capable of representing the catchment scale processes that occur under most South African conditions.
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Books on the topic "Surface water and groundwater interaction"

1

Barker, P. Jane. Modelling interactions between surface water and groundwater systems. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1985.

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Caldwell, Rodney R. Chemical study of regional ground-water flow and ground-water/surface-water interaction in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Caldwell, Rodney R. Chemical study of regional ground-water flow and ground-water/surface-water interaction in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Wilson, Ewan E. M. The application of digital modelling to aquifer management: (groundwater surface water interaction). Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

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Caldwell, Rodney R. Groundwater and surface-water interaction within the upper Smith River Watershed, Montana, 2006-2010. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2013.

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Wolf, R. J. Ground- and surface-water interaction between the Kansas River and associated alluvial aquifer, northeastern Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Wolf, R. J. Ground- and surface-water interaction between the Kansas River and associated alluvial aquifer, northeastern Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Wolf, R. J. Ground- and surface-water interaction between the Kansas River and associated alluvial aquifer, northeastern Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Wolf, R. J. Ground- and surface-water interaction between the Kansas River and associated alluvial aquifer, northeastern Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Wolf, R. J. Ground- and surface-water interaction between the Kansas River and associated alluvial aquifer, northeastern Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Surface water and groundwater interaction"

1

Karamouz, Mohammad, Azadeh Ahmadi, and Masih Akhbari. "Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction." In Groundwater Hydrology, 491–542. Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429265693-8.

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Malard, F. "Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions." In Ecology of a Glacial Flood Plain, 37–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0181-5_3.

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Chaubey, Jyoti, and Himanshu Arora. "Transport of Contaminants During Groundwater Surface water Interaction." In Water Science and Technology Library, 153–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55125-8_13.

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Hantush, Mohammad M., Latif Kalin, and Rao S. Govindaraju. "Subsurface and Surface Water Flow Interactions." In Groundwater Quantity and Quality Management, 295–393. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784411766.ch09.

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Pramada, S. K., and Sowmya Venugopal. "Interaction Between Groundwater and Surface Water and Its Effect on Groundwater Quality." In Environmental Processes and Management, 381–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38152-3_20.

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Laird, David A. "Interactions Between Atrazine and Smectite Surfaces." In Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater, 86–100. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0630.ch008.

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Guvanasen, Varut, and Peter S. Huyakorn. "Integrated Simulation of Interactive Surface-Water and Groundwater Systems." In Advances in Water Resources Engineering, 41–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11023-3_2.

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Grischek, T., A. Foley, D. Schoenheinz, and B. Gutt. "Effects of Interaction between Surface Water and Groundwater on Groundwater Flow and Quality Beneath Urban Areas." In Current Problems of Hydrogeology in Urban Areas, Urban Agglomerates and Industrial Centres, 201–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0409-1_11.

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Safeeq, Mohammad, and Ali Fares. "Groundwater and Surface Water Interactions in Relation to Natural and Anthropogenic Environmental Changes." In Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources, 289–326. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32008-3_11.

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Dušek, P., and Y. Velísková. "Interaction Between Groundwater and Surface Water of Channel Network at Žitný Ostrov Area." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 135–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_177.

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Conference papers on the topic "Surface water and groundwater interaction"

1

Dezso, Jozsef. "RANDOMLY LAYERED FLUVIAL SEDIMENTS INFLUENCED GROUNDWATER-SURFACE WATER INTERACTION." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017h/33/s12.041.

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McQueen, Bronson, Elizabeth A. Avery, Junfeng Zhu, Alan Fryar, and Andrea M. Erhardt. "USING GEOCHEMICAL METHODS TO TRACE GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339725.

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Walters, Michael O., Michael N. Ritter, and Terrence O. Bengtsson. "Interaction between a Fresh Groundwater Lens and Saline Lakes in Exuma, Bahamas." In Specialty Symposium on Integrated Surface and Ground Water Management at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40562(267)15.

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A. Allen, David, and Noel P. Merrick. "Towed Geo-Electrode Arrays for Analysis of Surface Water Groundwater Interaction." In 18th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.183.473-482.

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Allen, David A., and Noel P. Merrick. "Towed Geo‐Electrode Arrays for Analysis of Surface Water Groundwater Interaction." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2005. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2923493.

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Aradas, Rodolfo D., and Colin R. Thorne. "Modelling Groundwater and Surface Water Interaction for Water Resources Management in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina." In Specialty Symposium on Integrated Surface and Ground Water Management at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40562(267)13.

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ODochartaigh, B. E., A. M. MacDonald, N. A. L. Archer, and A. R. Black. "Groundwater-surface water interaction in an upland hillslope-floodplain environment, Eddleston, Scotland." In BHS 11th National Hydrology symposium. British Hydrological Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7558/bhs.2012.ns42.

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Croley, II, Thomas E. "Spatially Distributed Model of Interacting Surface and Groundwater Storages." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)91.

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Jordan, J. Lucy, Stanley D. Smith, and Janae Wallace. "INSIGHTS INTO GROUNDWATER—SURFACE-WATER INTERACTION IN OGDEN VALLEY, UTAH, FROM STABLE ISOTOPES OF WATER." In 72nd Annual GSA Rocky Mountain Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020rm-346488.

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Downer, Charles W., and Stacy E. Howington. "Development and Testing of Surface Water/Groundwater Interaction Simulation Capabilities for the Department of Defense." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)55.

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Reports on the topic "Surface water and groundwater interaction"

1

Hinton, M. J. Groundwater-surface water interactions in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/291372.

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Jones, Cullen. Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions near Mosier, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5312.

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Hinton, M. J., and H. A. J. Russell. Groundwater-surface water interactions: who cares and why? Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306611.

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Rihani, J., and R. Maxwell. Numerical Modeling of Coupled Groundwater and Surface Water Interactions in an Urban Setting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922098.

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Brewster, C., C. Robinson, M. J. Hinton, and H. A. J. Russell. A conceptual framework for groundwater/surface-water interactions and identifying potential impacts on water quality, water quantity and ecosystems. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299765.

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Provencher, S. K., B. Mayer, and S. E. Grasby. Aqueous geochemistry of the Englishman River Watershed, Parksville, British Columbia for use in assessment of potential surface water-groundwater interaction. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292678.

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Persaud, E., J. Levison, and S. MacRitchie. An integrated investigation of groundwater-surface-water interactions under conditions of changing climate in the Great Lakes Basin. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306566.

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Chadwick, Bart, and Amy Hawkins. Monitoring of Water and Contaminant Migration at the Groundwater-Surface Water Interface. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607246.

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Frey, S. K., O. Khader, A. Taylor, A. R. Erler, D R Lapen, E. A. Sudicky, S J Berg, and H. A. J. Russell. A fully integrated groundwater-surface-water model for southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321108.

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Frey, S., S. Berg, E. Sudicky, H. Russell, and D. Lapen. A fully integrated groundwater-surface-water modelling platform for southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306520.

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