Journal articles: 'Surface technique'

1

Tabrizi, A. H., and W. S. Johnson. "Surface-blowing anti-icing technique for aircraft surfaces." Journal of Aircraft 26, no. 4 (April 1989): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.45768.

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2

AKAISHI, Kenya. "Vacuum technique and surface." Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi 29, no. 2 (1987): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.29.72.

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Foley, Kyle J., Xiaonan Shan, and N. J. Tao. "Surface Impedance Imaging Technique." Analytical Chemistry 80, no. 13 (July 2008): 5146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac800361p.

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Doti, Baqe, Daudi Nyaanga, Samwel Nyakach, Jane Nyaanga, and Oscar Ingasia. "Biochar production and quality optimization using response surface methodology technique." Applied Research Journal of Environmental Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47721/arjee20220401011.

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The dependency on fossil fuels can be reduced by the use of renewable energy sources like biomass and it can make a remarkable contribution to the reduction of CO2 emissions and as a result reducing the carbon footprint hence eliminating the greenhouse gas effect. Biomass materials that go to waste can be recovered through the pyrolysis process in order to produce biochar which can be used as a source of energy for cooking. The aim of this study was to carry out optimization of biochar production and quality using the Response Surface Methodology technique. The parameters varied were feedstock moisture content (FMC) (10%, 15% and 20%), pyrolysis residence time (PRT) (in minutes) 90, 135 and 180 and chimney inclination angle (CIA) (30o, 45o and 60o). An experimental insulated metallic carbonization kiln (1 m high and 0.5 m diameter) was developed and used. Response Surface Methodology technique by using Box-Behnken Design was used to develop a mathematical equation to predict the production and quality of the biochar with respect to varied parameters which was later optimized to determine the optimal conditions for biochar production and quality. The biochar quality was based on its moisture content (MC), volatile matter (VM), ash content (AC), fixed carbon (FC) and pH. The combined optimal conditions were 10% feedstock moisture content, 126.93 min pyrolysis residence time and 30o chimney inclination angle resulting to production of 44.35%, MC = 3.82%, VM = 23.52%, AC = 2.94%, FC = 67.89% and pH = 9.28. The mathematical equation developed had composite desirability (CD) of 0.9490 at a p-value≤0.05 which made it viable. These research findings are of importance since optimization reduces the wastage of resources resulting into increase in the efficiency of the pyrolysis system. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Pyrolysis, Biochar, Optimization, Response Surface Methodology

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Abdul Rahim, Aini Hayati, Zubaidah Zanul Abidin, and Norsiah Yunus. "The Digitalisation in Cobalt-Chromium Framework Fabrication. Surface Roughness Analysis: A Pilot Study." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 3059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-18.

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is a new technique in fabricating cobalt-chromium denture framework. However, the surface properties of cobalt-chromium denture framework fabricated using the aforementioned technique have not been widely investigated. The aim of this paper was to investigate the surface roughness of cobalt-chromium alloy in removable partial denture fabricated with SLM technique. Cobalt-chromium denture frameworks were fabricated with two techniques (n = 10); the conventional lost-wax casting (conventional group) and SLM techniques (SLM group). Specimens from the conventional group were subjected to the standard cobalt-chromium denture polishing protocols. No treatment was employed for specimens from the SLM group. All specimens were subjected to surface roughness measurement on polished and fitting surfaces using non-contact optical three-dimensional metrology and surface roughness analysis machine (Infinite Focus Real 3D Alicona). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in surface roughness between the specimens from conventional and SLM groups (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in surface roughness between the polished and fitting surfaces of SLM specimens (p > 0.05). Surface roughness quality of the cobalt-chromium denture framework fabricated with the SLM technique is comparable to that fabricated with the conventional lost-wax casting technique. The surface roughness of SLM fabricated cobalt-chromium denture frameworks carries the same surface roughness quality between the polished and fitting surfaces.

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Koňár, R., M. Mičian, and P. Fabian. "Inspection possibilities of metallic material surface integrity by conventional ultrasonic technique." Koroze a ochrana materialu 61, no. 3 (July 26, 2017): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2017-0011.

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Abstract The article is focused on the possibilities of ultrasound surfaces control on metallic materials by conventional ultrasonic techniques. Physical principles, types of ultrasonic waves to be used for surface control are described in the theoretical part. Three surface control techniques are listed in the experimental part of article. The first technique is a common control by angle ultrasonic probe with using transverse waves. The second technique is surface control by 30-70-70 creep waves and third techniques is surface testing by Rayleigh waves. Practical examples of ultrasonic testing for all techniques are illustrated. The conclusion of the article is devoted to the advantages and limitations of the individual testing methods.

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Chen, Y. J., and B. Ravani. "Offset Surface Generation and Contouring in Computer-Aided Design." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 109, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258777.

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Two computational techniques are presented for Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Machining (CAM) of parametrically defined surfaces. One technique deals with construction of offset surfaces. An algorithm is presented that would allow detection and removal of the closed loop on the offset surface due to its self-intersection. The second computational technique presented deals with contouring of parametric surfaces. The technique presented allows for optimal generation of planar contour lines. The results are applied to Numerical Control (NC) machining of surfaces.

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Balamurugan, R., and S. Muruganand. "Displacement Measurement and Study of Surface Roughness using Laser Speckle Technique." Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 3, no. 2 (January 25, 2015): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.3.96.

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9

Yoshihara, Kazuhiro. "Progress in Surface Analysis Technique." Materia Japan 36, no. 9 (1997): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.36.912.

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HOSHINO, Yoshiaki. "Cleaning Technique for Surface Treatment." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 69, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.69.366.

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11

Rozouvan, T. "Influence of the surface roughness and oxide surface layer onto Si optical constants measured by the ellipsometry technique." Semiconductor physics, quantum electronics and optoelectronics 18, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo18.01.026.

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12

Zhao, John Z., Philip Kaiser, Evan Farina, Christina M. DeGruccio, and Christopher P. Miller. "Quality of MIS vs Open Joint Preparations of the Foot and Ankle." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s01020.

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Category: Other; Ankle; Hindfoot; Lesser Toes; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is growing in the field of foot and ankle surgery, and the MIS burr is an emerging tool. While commonly used to perform osteotomies, the burr can also be utilized for arthrodesis joint preparation that traditionally would be performed through open incisions. To date, there is no study comparing the quality of joint preparation between using a fluoroscopy-guided MIS technique compared to traditional open techniques. The goal of this cadaveric study is to compare the percentage of joint surfaces prepared between MIS and open techniques, for the most common joints that are fused in foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Open joint preparation was performed under direct visualization with open incisions. MIS joint preparation was performed percutaneously using fluoroscopic guidance alone, without arthroscopy. After joint preparation, cadaveric samples were disarticulated, and joint surfaces were analyzed for percentage of cartilaginous surface removed. The percentage of joint surface prepared was compared between the open and MIS techniques. Results: Ten cadaveric samples were used for the MIS technique, and five samples for the open technique. Percentage of joint surface prepared was not statistically different for 15/17 joint surfaces. The MIS technique demonstrated statistically significant (p=0.048) better preparation than open in the talar head and the cuboid at the CC joint. Qualitative inspection of these two joints suggested the open technique frequently missed the most plantar surface of the talar head and the medial side of the CC joint, whereas the MIS technique performed better in these areas. Conclusion: The MIS technique provides similar percentages of surface area prepared compared to traditional open techniques. In certain joints with greater depth, the MIS technique may provide better joint preparation. This study suggests that MIS joint preparation is a reasonable, and possibly advantageous, alternative to open preparation in arthrodesis surgery when performed by experienced MIS surgeons.

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Tian, Li, Lei Wu, Wei Wang, and Xiao Wei Liu. "Research on the PDMS Surface Modification Technique." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.131.

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UV radiation, oxygen plasma treatment and dynamical coating technique were the three main modification techniques to be widely applied in the surface modification of polymer materials. This paper presented the experiment results of PDMS surface modification with these three techniques. The contact angle was measured to test the modification effect, also the further verification testing of aging property after a long time storage were carried out. Of all the testing results, the dynamical coating technique, 10 layers 0.02% PDDA and PSS (V/V) alternatively adhesion on the PDMS surface, made the contact angle lowed to the 21°, and even after 15 days, it still kept as the 61°and exhibited the better hydrophilic character.

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14

Huang, T. C. "Grazing-incidence X-Ray Analysis of Surfaces and Thin Films." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, A (1991): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800008776.

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AbstractGrazing-incidence X-ray analysis techniques which are commonly used for the nondestructive characterization of surfaces and thin films are reviewed. The X-ray reflectivity technicue is used to study surface uniformity and oxidation, layer thickness and density, interface roughness and diffusion, etc. The grazing-incidence in-plane diffraction technique is used to determine in-plane crystallography of epitaxial films. The grazing-incidence asymmetric-Bragg diffraction is used for surface phase identification and structural depth profiling determination of polycrystalline films. Typical examples to illustrate the types of information that can be obtained by the techniques are presented.

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15

Jang, Jeongki, and Kyungmok Kim. "Modeling of a Microscale Surface Using NURBS Technique." Coatings 9, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120775.

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This article describes microscale surface modeling using the Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surface interpolation technique. A three-dimensional surface model was generated on the basis of measured surface profile data. To validate this model, three brass specimens having different roughness values were used. Direct comparison between measured profiles and the curves modeled with NURBS was employed. It was identified that the proposed method allows the generation of microscale models similar to actual surfaces. Finally, a method to extract the Bearing Area Curve (BAC) from a 3D model was detailed. The proposed modeling will be useful for the characterization of bearing capacity of the surface and for contact analysis.

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Yuan, X. L., Z. F. Yang, Y. He, Z. X. Wang, and Z. L. Wang. "Pd-free surface activation technique for ABS surface metallisation." Transactions of the IMF 89, no. 4 (July 2011): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591911x13077162687419.

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17

Ruan, Weidong, Zhicheng Lu, Tieli Zhou, Bing Zhao, and Li Niu. "Surface micropatterning technique for surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis." Analytical Methods 2, no. 6 (2010): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ay00068j.

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18

Bedi, S., S. Gravelle, and Y. H. Chen. "Principal Curvature Alignment Technique for Machining Complex Surfaces." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 4B (November 1, 1997): 756–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836821.

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Machining complex three dimensional surfaces is a challenging task. This paper presents two methods of machining these surfaces on a 4 and 5 axis machine, using a toroidal shaped cutter. The methods propose to align the principal axis of curvature of the machining surface with that of the machined surface in order to increase the volume of material removed. The increase in material removal at a point reduces the scallop height. Thus, fewer passes are required to achieve the same surface finish.

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19

Ip, W. L. R., and M. Loftus. "Adaptive and Compensation Methods in Free-Form Surface Assessment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 210, no. 2 (April 1996): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_099_02.

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The assessment of manufactured surfaces by coordinate metrology techniques has changed in recent years. Speed, accuracy and flexibility have all improved with the introduction of coordinate measuring machines (CMM). However, some technical problems have yet to be solved, in particular those pertaining to free-form surfaces. This paper considers the influence of surface features and probe tip geometry on the assessment of free-form surfaces. Inaccurate measurements due to the problems of probe tip diameter and undulating surface curvature have been investigated, and a simple mathematical compensation technique for different probe diameters and an adaptive measuring point planning strategy have been developed. Experimental data confirm that the measuring errors are significantly reduced when the probe tip diameter compensation approach is used. The problems of machined surface measurement have also been considered and a method, namely least-squares data fitting, is proposed to give a better qualifying technique for the cusped surfaces. This new technique has been implemented and the results from the case study indicate that the least-squares method can give a more precise representation of the quality of a machined surface than standard statistical measurement systems. Experimentation also indicates that the results of the least-squares data fitting method are consistent with the CMM computed values, which verifies the reliability of the method.

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Quintanilla-Correa, Daniel I., Laura Peña-Parás, Demofilo Maldonado-Cortés, Martha Claudia Rodriguez-Villalobos, and Marco A. L. Hernández-Rodríguez. "STATE OF THE ART OF SURFACE TEXTURING FOR BIOTRIBOLOGY APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 13, no. 3 (December 25, 2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2021.13.3.143.

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Surface texturing can be defined as a technique that consists of creating micro cavities in the surface of a material. There are different texturing techniques such as chemical etching, electromechanical micromachining, diamond embossing, electric discharge, pellet-pressing and laser surface, the last being the most common. For years, these surface texturing techniques have been used in tribological applications because microcavities can store oils or fluids and constantly lubricate the surfaces that are subjected to wear; they can also be used to trap wear particles (debris) that would otherwise act as abrasive particles (three body abrasive wear). This literature review seeks to analyse and compare the advantages that the use of surface texturing techniques can offer in reducing the wear of prosthetic components and therefore lengthening their useful life, to provide a better quality of life to patients. The results of this review showed a growing interest in the scientific community in the use of surface texturing for biotribogical applications, using to a greater extent the Laser Surface Texturing (LST) technique and the surface pattern composed by dimples.

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Xie Jun, 谢军, 黄燕华 Huang Yanhua, 李朝阳 Li Zhaoyang, 张海军 Zhang Haijun, 李国 Li Guo, 宋成伟 Song Chengwei, 魏胜 Wei Sheng, and 张昭瑞 Zhang Zhaorui. "Lapping technique for titanium spherical surface." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 7 (2015): 72002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20152707.72002.

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22

Balcerak, Ernie. "New technique for surface exposure dating." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 93, no. 45 (November 6, 2012): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012eo450016.

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23

Yuan, Deren, and Soheil Nazarian. "Automated Surface Wave Method: Inversion Technique." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 119, no. 7 (July 1993): 1112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1993)119:7(1112).

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24

GALE, G. W., A. A. BUSNAINA, and M. R. ZAAZHOA. "A VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR SURFACE FLOWS." Chemical Engineering Communications 165, no. 1 (January 1998): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449808912374.

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Harano, Azuchi, Yoshinobu Imaizumi, and Masayoshi Sadakata. "Novel Surface Discharge NOx Removal Technique." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 31, no. 5 (1998): 694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.31.694.

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Brown, I. G., X. Godechot, and K. M. Yu. "Novel metal ion surface modification technique." Applied Physics Letters 58, no. 13 (April 1991): 1392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104318.

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Kopecky, M., A. Inneman, F. Franc, and L. Pina. "Surface finishing by lacquer-coating technique." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 395, no. 2 (August 1997): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(97)00662-1.

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Koparkar, Pramod. "Canopy surface technique for parametric blending." Visual Computer 9, no. 2 (February 1992): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01901273.

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Fouras, A., K. Hourigan, M. Kawahashi, and H. Hirahara. "An improved, free surface, topographic technique." Journal of Visualization 9, no. 1 (March 2006): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03181568.

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Bhattacharjee, S., and K. K. Gupta. "A new technique for surface optimization." Computers & Chemistry 16, no. 3 (July 1992): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8485(92)80007-m.

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Luo, Xiangang, and Teruya Ishihara. "Surface plasmon resonant interference nanolithography technique." Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 23 (June 7, 2004): 4780–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1760221.

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Yağmur, Meltem, Canan Ersöz, T. Reha Ersöz, and Seyhan Varinli. "Brush technique in ocular surface cytology." Diagnostic Cytopathology 17, no. 2 (August 1997): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199708)17:2<88::aid-dc2>3.0.co;2-k.

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Yao, Chang, and Thomas J. Webster. "Anodization: A Promising Nano-Modification Technique of Titanium Implants for Orthopedic Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.447.

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Anodization is a well-established surface modification technique that produces protective oxide layers on valve metals such as titanium. Many studies have used anodization to produce micro-porous titanium oxide films on implant surfaces for orthopedic applications. An additional hydrothermal treatment has also been used in conjunction with anodization to deposit hydroxyapatite on titanium surfaces; this is in contrast to using traditional plasma spray deposition techniques. Recently, the ability to create nanometer surface structures (e.g., nano-tubular) via anodization of titanium implants in fluorine solutions have intrigued investigators to fabricate nano-scale surface features that mimic the natural bone environment. This paper will present an overview of anodization techniques used to produce micro-porous titanium oxide structures and nano-tubular oxide structures, subsequent properties of these anodized titanium surfaces, and ultimately their in vitro as well as in vivo biological responses pertinent for orthopedic applications. Lastly, this review will emphasize why anodized titanium structures that have nanometer surface features enhance bone forming cell functions.

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Niemczewska-Wójcik, Magdalena, Thomas Mathia, and Artur Wójcik. "Measurement Techniques Used for Analysis of the Geometric Structure of Machined Surfaces." Management and Production Engineering Review 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mper-2014-0014.

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Abstract The quality of machined surfaces, resulting from the manufacturing process and conditioning their functionality, is determined by the surface geometric structure (SGS). There is a close relationship between surface properties, shape, qualitative imagining of the surface topography, technique and technology employed for machining purposes [1, 2]. If a given surface is to have practical applications in engineering, the correct technological process needs to be chosen. In the paper, various techniques used for measuring the surface geometric structure were described. The results of the study, which were obtained from different measuring devices like Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Interferometer (WLI), were presented. Optical Microscopy (OM) was shown as a helpful device to analyse some aspects of surface topography. Each measuring technique provided different, yet complementary data on the topography of the machined surfaces. Owing to this, a full characterization of the geometric surface structure of the machined surfaces was enabled, including surface properties resulting from the applied technological process. Based on the measurements made, the characteristics of chosen devices (measurement techniques) were defined with an indication of how they can be applied to the analysis of the surface geometric structure (SGS). The devices which are considered to give the best view of examined surfaces and allow a thorough analysis of their irregularities were then indicated.

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Kogusu, Shinichi, Takakazu Ishimatsu, and Yasuhiko Ougiya. "Rapid Generation of Surface Dimples Using End Milling." International Journal of Automation Technology 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2007): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2007.p0045.

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Structured surfaces on metal are often employed to enhance lubricating features, reduce the hydrodynamic drag force along wings and also decorate the metal surfaces for architectural ornament. It is important to note that only horizontal movements of a ball-end mill at high feed speed generate the indented surface on metal surfaces. In this paper we propose a technique to estimate the dimples generated on the metal surfaces using a machining center with an oval-end mill. Firstly, a technique to simulate the generating process of the dimples with the machining center is explained. The technique is effective in forecasting the geometry of the dimples with accuracy. Secondly, a technique to determine the cutting condition to generate the desired dimpled surface is proposed. The design specifications of the dimpled surface are the geometry of the dimples and the spacing between the dimples. The proposed technique was successfully used to decorate a metal surface.

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Djojodihardjo, Harijono. "Overview of Coănda Jet and Vortex Cell Circulation Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (June 2014): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.118.

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Flow control for enhanced aerodynamic performance have been utilized for enhanced lift, reduced drag and delay of stall at higher angle of attack. To this end, techniques such as continuous, synthetic and pulsed jets, compliant surface, vortex-cell, Coănda jet and the like have been developed and applied to alter the behavior of airfoils, wings, and bodies and other aerodynamic components. Two such techniques are here assessed as potentially promising technique in the framework of airfoil surface blowing circulation enhancement, i.e. Coănda-jet circulation enhancement and vortex-cell. Their progress and development in influencing the effectiveness and configuration of airfoil surface blowing for circulation enhancement of aerodynamic surfaces are discussed, using fundamental principles and CFD technique.

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Shen, Y. R. "Surface Second Harmonic Generation: A New Technique for Surface Studies." Annual Review of Materials Science 16, no. 1 (August 1986): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.16.080186.000441.

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Tang, Yijun, Xiangqun Zeng, and Jennifer Liang. "Surface Plasmon Resonance: An Introduction to a Surface Spectroscopy Technique." Journal of Chemical Education 87, no. 7 (July 2010): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed100186y.

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Sun, Chen, Zhijun Shen, and Mingyu Zhang. "Surface treatment technique of MPS method for free surface flows." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 102 (May 2019): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2019.02.004.

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Chen, Liang-Chia, Duc-Hieu Duong, and Chin-Sheng Chen. "Optical 3-D Profilometry for Measuring Semiconductor Wafer Surfaces with Extremely Variant Reflectivities." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 19, 2019): 2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102060.

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A new surface profilometry technique is proposed for profiling a wafer surface with both diffuse and specular reflective properties. Most moiré projection scanning techniques using triangulation principle work effectively on diffuse reflective surfaces, on which the reflected light beams are assumed to be well captured by optical sensors. In reality, this assumption is no longer valid when measuring a semiconductor wafer surface having both diffuse and specular reflectivities. To resolve the above problem, the proposed technique uses a dual optical sensing configuration by engaging two optical sensors at two different viewing angles, with one acquiring diffuse reflective light and the other detecting at the same time specular surface light for achieving simultaneous full-field surface profilometry. The deformed fringes measured by both sensors could be further transformed into a 3-D profile and merged seamlessly for full-field surface reconstruction. Several calibration targets and industrial parts were measured to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the developed technique. Experimental results showed that the technique can effectively detect diffuse and specular light with repeatability of one standard deviation below 0.3 µm on a specular surface and 2.0 µm on a diffuse wafer surface when the vertical measuring range reaches 1.0 mm. The present findings indicate that the proposed technique is effective for 3-D microscale surface profilometry in in-situ semiconductor automated optical inspection (AOI).

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Loseva, Marina, and Lyudmila Nikanorova. "PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF MODELING OF CROSSING OF SURFACE SURFACES IN TECHNIQUE." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2018, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-2018-1-114-115.

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42

Baumgärtner, M. E., Ch J. Raub, and D. R. Gabe. "Assessment of Surface Cleanliness for Metal Surfaces using an Electrochemical Technique." Transactions of the IMF 75, no. 3 (January 1997): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1997.11871152.

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43

Camci, C., K. Kim, S. A. Hippensteele, and P. E. Poinsatte. "Evaluation of a Hue Capturing Based Transient Liquid Crystal Method for High-Resolution Mapping of Convective Heat Transfer on Curved Surfaces." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910681.

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Accurate determination of convective heat transfer coefficients on complex curved surfaces is essential in the aerothermal design and analysis of propulsion system components. The heat transfer surfaces are geometrically very complex in most of the propulsion applications. This study focuses on the evaluation of a hue capturing technique for the heat transfer interpretation of liquid crystal images from a complex curved heat transfer surface. Impulsively starting heat transfer experiments in a square to rectangular transition duct are reported. The present technique is different from existing steady-state hue capturing studies. A real-time hue conversion process on a complex curved surface is adopted for a transient heat transfer technique with high spatial resolution. The study also focuses on the use of encapsulated liquid crystals with narrow color band in contrast to previous steady-state hue based techniques using wide band liquid crystals. Using a narrow band crystal improves the accuracy of the heat transfer technique. Estimated uncertainty for the heat transfer coefficient from the technique is about 5.9 percent. A complete heat transfer map of the bottom surface was possible using only seven liquid crystal image frames out of the 97 available frames during the transient experiment. Significant variations of heat transfer coefficients are quantitatively visualized on the curved surfaces of the transition duct.

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Singh, Priyanka Priyadarsini, and Ganeswar Nath. "Laser processing of composite materials for acoustic applications." Laser Physics 33, no. 1 (December 9, 2022): 016003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/aca60b.

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Abstract The consistency of machined components in terms of their final material surfaces is a fundamental aspect of manufacturing. Laser-based non-contact sensors that use non-destructive speckle imaging are challenging the surface profilometry technique as an alternative method for the analysis of surface quality. This paper presents research into the importance of laser techniques in analyzing the surface roughness of composite materials used in the fabrication of acoustic panels. Roughness analyses performed by both the designed laser sensor and the surface profilometry technique were both found to be efficient; however, the speckle imaging method produces better results for most materials. Enhancements in surface roughness were measured and found to be 20% greater than those observed by the stylus method; in addition, the laser technique has low costs for commercial applications while being a scientific-concept-based analytical technique that uses a novel approach. The surface roughness was measured under different conditions by varying the speckle contrast using different positions and laser source orientations. The interactions between photons and phonons were analyzed in depth for a fabricated biomaterial-based-composite to assess its suitability for acoustic applications in different smart devices.

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Liu, Xian Li, Chun Ya Wu, Yi Zhi Liu, Fu Gang Yan, Yu Fu Li, and Peng Wang. "Detection of Grinding Surface’s Quality Based on Image Technique." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.499.

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Aiming at different grinding surfaces of hardened bearing steel GCr15, this paper made experimental research on detection method of surface roughness based on image technique. Adopting cold light source and five kinds of LED light sources, such as low-angle light, collimated light and coaxial light, we analyzed image characteristics of grinding surface under different processing conditions and found that there was a good correlation between standard deviation of gray variance and roughness of grinding surface. In comparison with the results from traditional surface roughness measuring instrument, we gained the corresponding relation between different grinding surface roughness and standard deviation of image gray variance. It was proved by calculating that they have a good correlativity.

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Senarathna, R. M. D. M., W. K. I. L. Wanniarachchi, and S. Jayawardhana. "Replication of the Surface Wettability of Plant Leaves with Different Surface Morphologies Using Soft Lithography." International Journal of Nanoscience 19, no. 03 (February 6, 2020): 1950018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x19500182.

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Naturally occurring surfaces which display interesting surface wetting properties such as superhydrophobicity, superoleophobicity and directional wettability are found in most aquatic plants. These phenomena arise from the micro/nano structures present on these surfaces complimented by their surface chemistry. The replication of such surface structures is highly pursued due to their potential in applications such as self-cleaning (Lotus effect), microfluidic devices and antifouling surfaces. Soft lithography is a technique that has been used to replicate micro/nano structures with varying degrees of success. Nevertheless, in the context of natural surfaces, the technique has been mostly limited to the replication of the lotus leaf structure. Therefore, a systematic investigation could be fruitful since it has the potential to be scaled up to replicate different surface structures as well as large-area patterning. In this study, the feasibility of soft lithography technique on natural leaf surfaces was investigated using five plant species with different surface morphologies. The negatives of these primary molds were replicated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the final positive replica was successfully replicated from PDMS while using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as an anti-stick layer. The structures were characterized based on SEM images and contact angle measurements. Additionally, the effect of HPMC was also investigated. The technique can easily be extended to broader applications in other areas that require micro/nanostructured surfaces such as anti-reflection coatings, chemical sensors and anti-microbial surfaces.

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Pettman, Ray, and Susan Okerstrom. "SEM evaluation of pacemaker surface processing." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100170098.

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Surface condition is critical for pacemakers (fig. 1) and other implanted biomedical devices. The surface must be cleanable, sterilizable, non-irritating to tissues, and have a good cosmetic appearance. Pure titanium is used for the pacemaker shields to enclose the circuitry. Current techniques for finishing the shields center around bright mill rolling and subsequent straight line finishing (SLF) or buffing. Small defects are magnified during buffing while SLF (fig. 2) fractures and galls the surface.A study was done to optimize surface finishing of pacemakers. Early efforts utilized three grits in a sandblasting technique. They were aluminum oxide ( A12O3), figure 3, zirconium oxide (ZrO2), figure 4, and silicon oxide (SiO2), figure 5. Standard light microscopy was employed to assess these first attempts. The resulting surfaces from the blasting mediums looked very similar. Standard light microscopy lacked the depth of field, magnification and resolution to adequately perform this analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed greater differences between the surface treatments.

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Lu, Xiong, Yang Leng, Limin Jiang, and Zhaowu Tian. "Novel Techniques of Titanium Surface Patterning." Key Engineering Materials 288-289 (June 2005): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.288-289.619.

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Surface microscopic patterns can enhance osteointegration of titanium implants in orthopedic and dental applications. It is a challenge to produce regular topographic patterns on titanium. We have developed two techniques, jet-electrochemical micromachining (Jet-EMM) and the confined etchant technique (CELT) to produce topographic patterns on titanium. The results demonstrate that Jet-EMM has the ability to produce micro-hole arrays on either flat or curved surfaces and CELT can fabricate complex micro patterns with limited depth on a flat surface.

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Fan, L. "A COMPARISON BETWEEN STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FOR DERIVING SURFACE ROUGHNESS: A CASE STUDY ON A SANDY TERRAIN SURFACE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 8, 2020): 1225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-1225-2020.

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Abstract. Structure-from-motion (SfM) is a useful technique for acquiring the topographic information of terrain surfaces for a wide range of geoscience applications. Due to its easy mobilization and cost-effective implementation, the SfM technique may be considered as a favourable alternative to the laser scanning technique in some applications. To this end, it is essential to understand how point cloud data derived using these two different surveying techniques affect the geographic information system (GIS) outputs such as local surface roughness of a terrain surface. In this case study, a small sandy terrain surface was surveyed using a terrestrial laser scanner and the digital camera of a mobile phone, respectively. Analyses were carried out to check the measurement quality of the SfM-derived point cloud and to explore the differences in local surface roughness calculated using the SfM-derived point cloud and that from the scanner, respectively. In addition, it looked into how those differences were affected by different surface roughness descriptors and the associated input parameters (mainly window sizes). Two commonly used methods for describing local surface roughness were considered, consisting of root mean square height and standard deviation of slope.

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Crozier, P. A., M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, and J. M. Cowley. "High-spatial-resolution elemental analysis of annealed MgO surfaces by reflection reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 622–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087422.

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The technique of reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) can be used to perform elemental analysis of surfaces in an electron microscope. The information obtained from this technique can be combined with topographic information from reflection imaging and with crystallographic information from the RHEED pattern. We have applied these techniques to study the (100) surface of MgO subject to high temperature annealing. By utilizing small probes available in modern analytical electron microscopes we have been able to measure differences in the surface compositions of small topographic features and we show for the first time that the Ca distribution on the surface is not uniform.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface technique'

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