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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface Systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Krupska, T. V., V. V. Turov, M. D. Tsapko, J. Skubyshevskaya-Ziemba, and B. Charmas. "Properties of composite systems based on suspensions of lactobacillus and silica." SURFACE 14(29) (December 30, 2022): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2022.14.176.

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Low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy and DSC methods were used to study the hydration process of Lactobacillus, the influence of a weakly polar organic environment on it, and the encapsulation of cells with silica and the possibility of penetration of such an active substance as trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA) into them. It is shown that the spectral parameters of water in concentrated cell suspensions of Lactobacillus significantly depend on the concentration of the suspensions, which is probably related to the possibility of forming a stable cell gel, which can be encapsulated by silica particles both in the air environment and in the environment without its destruction chloroform with the addition of trifluoroacetic acid. There are two maxima corresponding to R = 2 and 20-100 nm on the distribution curves of the radii of clusters of unfreezing water. The contribution to the distribution of the second maximum increases with increasing water concentration. On the DSC-thermograms of lactobacilli, the value of the thermal effect related to the amount of bound water is much smaller than the thermal effect of ice melting, which is due to the presence of a significant amount of non-freezing water.

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2

Turov, V. V., P. P. Gorbyk, T. V. Krupska, S. P. Turanska, V. F. Chekhun, and N. Yu Luk'yanova. "Composite systems for medical purposes, created on the basis of hydrophobic silica." Surface 13(28) (December 30, 2021): 246–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2021.13.246.

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Composite systems with certain cytotoxic (AM1/lectin) and adsorption (AM1/gelatin) activity have been developed on the basis of methyl silica and protein molecules – lectin and gelatin. For both types of composites, mechanisms of water binding to the surface and methods of transferring of hydrophobic materials into the aquatic environment have been investigated. The state of interfacial water in air, organic and acid media was studied. It has been found that the presence of a hydrophobic component in composites stabilizes of surface water in a weakly associated state, when a significant part of water molecules does not form hydrogen bonds. Liquid hydrophobic medium enhances this effect, and the strong acid (trifluoroacetic), added to it, promotes the transition of water to a strongly associated state. It has been shown that the redistribution of water in the interparticle intervals of AM1 with protein molecules immobilized on their surface changes under the influence of mechanical loads. Mechanoactivated samples are characterized by the possibility of water penetration into the spaces between the primary particles of methyl silica. It has been shown that immobilization of lectin on the surface of AM1 is accompanied by an increase in the interfacial energy gS from 4.1 to 5.2 J/g. This is due to an increase in the concentration of strongly bound water. If we analyze the changes in the distributions of radii R of the clusters of adsorbed water, we can state that in the water adsorbed by native lectin molecules, there are two main maxima at R = 1 and 3 nm. In the immobilized state, the maximum at R = 1 nm is present in both types of water (of different order), but the second maximum is observed only for more ordered associates.

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3

Krupska, T. V., V. M. Gun'ko, I. S. Protsak, I. I. Gerashchenko, A. P. Golovan, N. Yu Klymenko, V. V. Turov, and M. T. Kartel. "Properties of composite systems based on polymethylsiloxane and silica in the water environment." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 100–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.100.

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The formation of a composite system based on equal amounts of hydrophobic, porous polymethylsiloxane and hydrophilic nanosilicon A-300 was studied. It is shown that during the formation of a composite system the specific surface of the material is significantly reduced, which is due to the close contact between hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles. When water is added to the composite system, in the process of homogenization under conditions of dosed mechanical loading, the effect of nanocoagulation is manifested – the formation of nanosized particles of hydrated silica inside the polymethylsiloxane matrix, recorded on TEM microphotographs. When measuring the value of the interfacial energy of PMS and PMS/A-300 composite by low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy, it was found that the effect of nanocoagulation is manifested in a decrease (compared to the original PMS) energy of water interaction with the surface of the composite obtained under small mechanical conditions. its growth when using high mechanical loads. In the process, the binding of water in heterogeneous systems containing PMS, pyrogenic nanosilica (A-300), water and surfactants – decamethoxine (DMT) was studied. Composite systems were created using metered mechanical loads. It is shown that when filling the interparticle gaps of PMS by the method of hydrosealing, the interphase energy of water in the interparticle gaps of hydrophobic PMS with the same hydration is twice the interfacial energy of water in hydrophilic silica A-300. This is due to the smaller linear dimensions of the interparticle gaps in PMS compared to A-300. In the composite system, A-300/PMS/DMT/H2O there are non-additive growth of binding energy of water, which is probably due to the formation, under the influence of mechanical stress in the presence of water, microheterogeneous areas consisting mainly of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components (microcoagulation). Thus, with the help of mechanical loads, you can control the adsorption properties of composite systems and create new materials with unique adsorption properties.

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4

Jankauskiene, Y., V. Zalatorius, R. Starkute, O. Bundineene, T. V. Krupskaya, A. P. Golovan, V. V. Turov, P. Jovaisas, and R. Bieliauskiene. "Nanocomposite systems on the basis of nanosilicas for germination some types of vegetable crops." Surface 9(24) (December 30, 2017): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2017.09.199.

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5

Zinchenko, V. F., G. V. Volchak, O. G. Ieriomin, I. V. Stoyanova, N. O. Chivirova, S. V. Kuleshov, and P. G. Doga. "Spectral properties of ultrafine systems LaF3 and EuF3 in a frozen melt NaCl-KCl." Surface 11(26) (December 30, 2019): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2019.11.394.

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6

Kazakova, O. O. "Quantum-chemical investigation of interactions in supramolecular systems: cholesterol - bile acids - silica in aqueous solutions." Surface 13(28) (December 30, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2021.13.039.

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Hypercholesterolemia significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction associated with COVID-19. Along with pharmacological treatment, the possibility of the excretion of excess cholesterol from an organism by adsorption is also of great interest. The interaction of cholesterol with the surface of partially hydrophobized silica in aqueous solutions of bile acids was investigated by the PM7 method using the COSMO (COnductor-like Screening MOdel) solvation model. The distribution of electrostatic and hydrophobic potentials of molecules and complexes was calculated. The values of free Gibbs energy adsorption of bile acids on the surface of silica correlate with the distribution coefficients in the n-octanol-water system. The energy of interaction of cholesterol with bile acids affects its adsorption on silica. The stronger the bond of cholesterol with the molecules of bile acids, the less it is released from the primary micelles in solution and adsorbed on the surface.

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7

Mukha, Iu P., N. V. Vityuk, A. M. Eremenko, and M. A. Skoryk. "Stabilization of metal nanoparticles in highly concentrated colloids." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.337.

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Gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) have a great potential in nanomedicine. For their use in biological studies there is a need to increase significantly the metal content (active substance) in the dose volume for the injection. Therefore, an urgent task is to find the experimental ways to prevent NPs aggregation in highly concentrated colloidal systems. In this work colloids of Ag NPs, Au NPs and AgAu NPs were prepared in the presence of amino acid as metal ion reducer and particle stabilizer. The polymer pluronic F68 was proposed to increase the stability of NPs and the experimental conditions for the long-term stabilization of colloidal systems with a metal content of 0.4-0.8 mg/ml were developed. It was shown that nanoparticles in all systems maintained nanodimensionality during and after the increasing metal concentration in colloids by 40 times, namely the average size of formed particles was around 10-20 nm. Their optical characteristics remained unchanged, namely, the maxima of the localized surface plasmon resonance band in the absorption spectra had typical position and were placed between 415 and 528 nm depending on molar ratio of metal in nanoparticle.

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8

Benarie, Michel. "Earth surface systems." Science of The Total Environment 61 (January 1987): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90380-9.

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9

GREEN, C. "Earth surface systems." Earth-Science Reviews 24, no. 3 (September 1987): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(87)90033-x.

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10

Lee, Hojoo. "Minimal surface systems, maximal surface systems and special Lagrangian equations." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 365, no. 7 (November 7, 2012): 3775–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-2012-05786-2.

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11

Kazakova, O. O., N. O. Lipkovska, and V. M. Barvinchenko. "Spectral and quantum-chemical investigation of interactions in supra-molecular systems: cucumin - decametoxin - silica in aqueous solutions." SURFACE 14(29) (December 30, 2022): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2022.14.221.

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The peculiarities of the interaction in the supramolecular system: the natural hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin - the antiseptic cationic surface-active substance decamethoxin - highly dispersed silica was revealed by the spectrophotometric method. It was established that significant changes in the spectral characteristics of curcumin in aqueous solutions and on the surface of the sorbent depend on the concentration of this cationic surfactant, which can exist in the solution in the form of monomers, associates, and micelles. The PM7 method and the COSMO solvation model, implemented in the MOPAC2016 software package were used to determine the mechanism of adsorption of the supramolecular complex of curcumin (in ketone or enol form) with decamethoxine on the silica surface. The distribution of electrostatic and hydrophobic potentials of the studied molecules, calculated by the FieldView 2.0.2 method (Flare software package), indicates a significant contribution of hydrophobic interactions in the formation of supramolecular complexes of curcumin with decamethoxin in solution and on the surface of silica. The obtained results are of practical importance and can be used in the development of new more effective drugs containing bioactive curcumin, antiseptic decamethoxine and enterosorbent silicon dioxide.

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12

Turov, V. V., V. M. Gun’ko, T. V. Krupskaya, I. S. Protsak, L. S. Andriyko, A. I. Marinin, A. P. Golovan, N. V. Yelagina, and N. T. Kartel. "Interphase interactions of hydrophobic powders based on methilsilica in the water environment." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 53–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.053.

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Using modern physicochemical research methods and quantum chemical modeling, the surface structure, morphological and adsorption characteristics, phase transitions in heterogeneous systems based on methylsilica and its mixtures with hydrophilic silica were studied. It is established that at certain concentrations of interfacial water, hydrophobic silica or their composites with hydrophilic silica form thermodynamically unstable systems in which energy dissipation can be carried out under the influence of external factors: increasing water concentration, mechanical loads and adsorption of air by hydrophobic component. When comparing the binding energies of water in wet powders of wettind-drying samples A-300 and AM-1, which had close values of bulk density (1 g/cm3) and humidity (1 g/g), close to 8 J/g. However, the hydration process of hydrophobic silica is accompanied by a decrease in entropy and the transition of the adsorbent-water system to a thermodynamically nonequilibrium state, which is easily fixed on the dependences of interfacial energy (S) on the amount of water in the system (h). It turned out that for pure AM-1 the interfacial energy of water increases in proportion to its amount in the interparticle gaps only in the case when h < 1 g/g. With more water, the binding energy decreases abruptly, indicating the transition of the system to a more stable state, which is characterized by the consolidation of clusters of adsorbed water and even the formation of a bulk phase of water. Probably there is a partial "collapse" of the interparticle gaps of hydrophobic particles AM-1 and the release of thermodynamically excess water. For mixtures of hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica, the maximum binding of water is shifted towards greater hydration. At AM1/A-300 = 1/1 the maximum is observed at h = 3g/g, and in the case of AM1/A-300 = 1/2 it is not reached even at h = 4 g/g. The study of the rheological properties of composite systems has shown that under the action of mechanical loads, the viscosity of systems decreases by almost an order of magnitude. However, after withstanding the load and then reducing the load to zero, the viscosity of the system increases again and becomes significantly higher than at the beginning of the study. That is, the obtained materials have high thixotropic properties. Thus, a wet powder that has all the characteristics of a solid after a slight mechanical impact is easily converted into a concentrated suspension with obvious signs of liquid.

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13

Bozzolo, Guillermo, John Ferrante, Ronald D. Noebe, Brian Good, Frank S. Honecy, and Phillip Abel. "Surface segregation in multicomponent systems: Modeling of surface alloys and alloy surfaces." Computational Materials Science 15, no. 2 (June 1999): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0256(99)00007-5.

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14

Spas’ka, Olena. "Ultralight Surface-Active Systems for Preventing Liquid Hydrocarbons Evaporation." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.01.063.

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15

Karpenko, O. S., V. V. Lobanov, and M. T. Kartel. "C1s core-level binding energy shift dependence from carbon atoms position in graphenenanoflakes C96 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon C96H24: a dft study." SURFACE 14(29) (December 30, 2022): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2022.14.063.

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The hexagon-shape graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) limited by zigzag edges only (with doubly and triply coordinated atoms) have unique increased reactivity. Despite the high systems symmetry (D6h) the Carbon atoms in GNFs occupy non-equivalent positions. Can such physical and chemical characteristics of GNFs, which depend of the atom position in the cluster, definition? This characteristic together with the simplicity of its calculation makes it possible to predict the properties of nanoflakes obtained from GNFs by introducing single and multiatomic vacancies into them or by replacing Carbon atoms with electron withdrawing and electron donating atoms. This characteristic includes the C1s core-level binding energy shifts, the maxima of which characterize the C atoms of a certain type. The proposed work is devoted to quantum chemical calculations of the electronic density of states (DOS) of pristine hexagon-shape GNF C96 (multiplicity, M=5), their saturated counterpart –polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) C96H24 (M=1) and their derivatives with one and two single vacancies in the ground electronic state (GES). All calculations were performed using the density functional theory (DFT) method with the involvement of the valence-split basis set 6-31G (d,p). Systems with open shells were considered using the UB3LYP exchange-correlation functional. The obtained spectra were fitted using Gaussian curve fitting program to determine the binding energy for each peak. The Gaussian function distribution of the theoretically calculated C1s core-level binding energy shifts of GNFs testified the presence of six peaks, each of which refers to a certain type of Carbon atoms. The C1s peak with the highest binding energy (-285.57 eV) is caused by contributions from the doubly coordinated edge cyclic chain (ECC) Carbon atoms. The C1s orbitals of the central hexagon (CHex) atoms and the first cyclic chain (FCC) atoms form delocalized molecular orbitals (MOs) in different parts of the cluster. The analogous spectrum of PAH C96H24 is slightly shifted to the region of lower binding energies and contains only two well-defined peaks. The peak with a higher binding energy (-284.36 eV) is generated by the 1s states of the CHex atoms and the atoms of the FCC, which are bounded to the CHex atoms. The electronic DOS difference in C1s core-level spectra of GNF C96 (M=5) and their saturated counterpart PAH C96H24 is established due to the presence of two weakly bounded π-systems in GNF and common conjugated system in PAH. The electronic DOS of defect-containing cluster C96-1(1) (M=3) (one CHex atom has been removed from the C96nanoflake) is generated by the C1s core-level atoms of the second cyclic chain (SCC), which are located at the different distances from the center of the nanoflake. The peak of the lowest intensity (-284.63 eV) appears in the spectrum as a reflection of the appearance of doubly coordinated Carbon atoms surrounding the single vacancy in the C96-1(1) nanoflake. The analysis of the electronic DOS of the C1s core-level spectrum of the C96-2(1) nanoflakeis shown, that doubly coordinated Carbon atoms, concentrated around two single vacancies, are essentially non-equivalent. If the MO with the lowest binding energy is localized on two of them – the MO with the highest binding energy is localized on the third atoms (one around each single vacancy). The electronic C1s core-level DOS spectrum of defect-containing molecular systems with one C96-1(1)H24 and two C96‑2(1)H24 single vacancies are similar to the analogous spectrum of PAH C96H24. In the first of them – one additional maximum appears due to C1s atoms surrounding the single vacancy. In the second – there are two additional maxima, each of which is generated by C1s core-level atoms adjacent to individual vacancies.

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16

PULCINI, GABRIELE. "Rewriting systems for the surface classification theorem." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 20, no. 4 (May 27, 2010): 577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129510000101.

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The work reported in this paper refers to Massey's proof of the surface classification theorem based on the standard word-rewriting treatment of surfaces. We arrange this approach into a formal rewriting systemand provide a new version of Massey's argument. Moreover, we study the computational properties of two subsystems of:orfor dealing with words denoting orientable surfaces andnorfor dealing with words denoting non-orientable surfaces. We show how such properties induce an alternative proof for the surface classification in which the basic homeomorphism between the connected sum of three projective planes and the connected sum of a torus with a projective plane is not required.

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17

Mutalib ogli, Хaydarov Abduхalil, and Teshabayeva Nodira Djurayevna. "Influence Of Surface Additives On Strength Indicators Of Cement Systems." American Journal of Applied sciences 02, no. 12 (December 27, 2020): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue12-13.

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In the state predostavlena, v issledovaniy yavilos ustanovlennыe vliyaniya dobavok poverxnostno - aktivnyx veshchestv na prochnostnыe pokazateli tsementnyx sistem. Definitions were made on cement of various mineralogical composition, svejemolotom and lejalom and on tsementno- peschannyx solutions and betonax.

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18

Turov, V. V., L. V. Zrol, and T. V. Krupska. "Determination of the influence of the hydrophobic component on water hold in the composite system created on the base of methylsilica and microcrystalline cellulose." SURFACE 14(29) (December 30, 2022): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2022.14.101.

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Heterogeneous composite systems created on the basis of nanosized methylsilica AM1-200 and microcrystalline cellulose were investigated using the method of low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thermodynamic parameters of bound water in hydrated microcrystalline cellulose (MSC) powders and AM1/MSC composites at different ratios of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components were measured. It was established that the hydrophobic component is able to stabilize the aqueous system in the MSS/AM1 composite powders even when the amount of water is twice the amount of the solid phase. From the distributions of the radii of adsorbed water clusters, it follows that in highly hydrated composites, a significant part of the water is in the form of nanodroplets with a radius of several tens of nm

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19

Bertel, E., and E. Doná. "Fermi surface tuning in two-dimensional surface systems." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 19, no. 35 (August 20, 2007): 355006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/19/35/355006.

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20

Bocklandt, Raf. "Toric systems and mirror symmetry." Compositio Mathematica 149, no. 11 (August 28, 2013): 1839–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x1300701x.

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AbstractIn their paper [Exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves on rational surfaces, Compositio Math. 147 (2011), 1230–1280], Hille and Perling associate to every cyclic full strongly exceptional sequence of line bundles on a toric weak del Pezzo surface a toric system, which defines a new toric surface. We interpret this construction as an instance of mirror symmetry and extend it to a duality on the set of toric weak del Pezzo surfaces equipped with a cyclic full strongly exceptional sequence.

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21

Gray, L. J., M. F. Chisholm, and Theodore Kaplan. "Surface strains in epitaxial systems." Applied Physics Letters 66, no. 15 (April 10, 1995): 1924–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113278.

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22

Tzou, Chieh-Han John, Nicole Artner, Walter Kropatsch, and Manfred Frey. "Three-Dimensional Surface-Imaging Systems." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 131, no. 4 (April 2013): 668e—670e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3182827abe.

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23

Bustillo, J. M., R. T. Howe, and R. S. Muller. "Surface micromachining for microelectromechanical systems." Proceedings of the IEEE 86, no. 8 (1998): 1552–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.704260.

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24

Bomford, Peter. "Surface Irrigation. Systems and Practice." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 1 (March 1987): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600110.

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25

Simonsen, I. "Optics of surface disordered systems." European Physical Journal Special Topics 181, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2010-01221-4.

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26

Aranovich, G. L., and M. D. Donohue. "Surface compression in adsorption systems." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 187-188 (August 2001): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00632-x.

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27

Narasimhan, Bharathwaj, Pablo Benitez, Juan C. Miñano, Milena Nikolic, and Dejan Grabovickic. "Three surface freeform aplanatic systems." Optics Express 25, no. 10 (May 1, 2017): 10710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.010710.

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28

Österberg, Monika, and Juan José Valle-Delgado. "Surface forces in lignocellulosic systems." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 27 (February 2017): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2016.09.005.

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29

Kumar, B., and A. R. Rao. "Continuous-Flow Surface Aeration Systems." Chemical Engineering & Technology 33, no. 2 (February 2010): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200900403.

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30

Djuraevna, Teshaboeva Nodira. "Strength Indicators Of Cement Systems With Additives Of Surface - Active Substances." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue05-32.

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In the article, the study was to establish the effect of surfactant additives on the strength characteristics of cement systems. The determinations were carried out on cements of various mineralogical composition, freshly ground and stale, on cement-sand mortars and concretes. For control samples and with additives, the same plasticity was chosen, and the water-cement ratio than for various additives fluctuated within certain limits.

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31

Sharma, Anurag, Thiyam Tamphasana Devi, and Bimlesh Kumar. "Turbulence in continuous flow surface aeration systems." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 5 (December 23, 2016): 1148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.607.

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Turbulence characteristics in an optimal continuous surface aeration system were investigated in this study. The experimental system consists of a rectangular tank, where flow is driven by equally spaced aerators placed on the liquid surface. The mass-transfer coefficient and turbulent parameters at the tank's inlet and outlet were measured to enable analysis of their interdependent relationships. The turbulence parameters are linked closely to the system's mass-transfer process. Turbulent bursting analysis has shown that ejection and sweep events govern the hydrodynamics of the systems. Turbulent intensity increases with increasing speed of rotation, and consequently the mass-transfer coefficient also increases. The universal probability distribution functions of the velocity fluctuations in continuous flow surface aeration systems follow the Gram-Charlier series, based on exponential distribution, and the theoretical and experimental curves match.

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32

Wilson, J. A., A. D. Ing, and W. S. Geisler. "Chromatic differences within surfaces and across surface boundaries." Journal of Vision 6, no. 6 (March 19, 2010): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/6.6.559.

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33

Zolotarenko, O. D., O. P. Rudakova, M. T. Kartel, H. O. Kaleniuk, A. D. Zolotarenko, D. V. Schur, and Yu O. Tarasenko. "The mechanism of forming carbon nanostructures by electric arc-method." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.263.

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The regularities of the formation of nanostructures during the evaporation of graphite by the electric ARC – method are studied. Described physicochemical processes in the synthesis reactor . At plasma temperatures taking into account the behavior of particles in electromagnetic fields with extreme temperature and pressure grants. A sequence of organization of matter in the process of forming a structure according to nano-dimensional characteristics is proposed. The self-organization of systems during electric arc evaporation of graphite or graphite-containing electrodes has been studied. The mechanisms of formation of soluble (fullerenes and fullerene-like structures) and insoluble (nanocomposites, CNTs, graphenes) carbon nanostructures are considered. The processes occurring in the electric arc synthesis reactor are analyzed: the process of distribution of charged particles in an electric arc at different times; processes taking place at the anode; the mechanism of carbon vapor formation during graphite evaporation; processes in the gas phase and on the walls of the reactor under the conditions of an electric arc discharge; model of the reactor space zones; formation of carbon nanostructures in the gas phase and on the inner surface of the reactor. use of doped electrodes and metal inserts (sleeves) as catalysts for the synthesis of carbon nanostructures. The sequence of processes in the formation of spherical carbon molecules is studied, and the processes and structural transformations are considered. In the research work, the products (fullerenes and fullerene-like structures, nanocomposites, VNT, graphenes) of electric arc synthesis are presented, and modern methods of analysis are used for their fixation and identification.

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34

BITAN,, Viorel-Eugen, and Valeriu CĂLIN. "EVALUATION SYSTEMS FOR ANTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY AND SURFACE-TO-AIR LIVE FIRING ACTIVITIES." Review of the Air Force Academy 14, no. 2 (December 8, 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2016.14.2.4.

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35

NISHIO, Kentaro, Ryuta SATO, and Keiichi SHIRSE. "3321 Influence of Motion Error of Feed Drives Systems on Machined Surface." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2011.6 (2011): _3321–1_—_3321–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2011.6._3321-1_.

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36

LANGER, ADRIAN. "PLURICANONICAL SYSTEMS ON SURFACES WITH SMALL K2." International Journal of Mathematics 11, no. 03 (May 2000): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x00000195.

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We prove that the bicanonical system of a surface of general type with K2=4 has no base components and we describe clusters contracted by 3KX and 4KX for regular surfaces with small [Formula: see text]. In particular, we answer the question when 3KX or 4KX define embeddings of a canonical surface.

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Schmitt, Robert, Tilo Pfeifer, and Guilherme Mallmann. "Machine integrated telecentric surface metrology in laser structuring systems." ACTA IMEKO 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v2i2.106.

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The laser structuring is an innovative technology used in a broad spectrum of industrial branches. There is, however, a market trend to smaller and more accurate micro structures, which demands a higher level of precision and efficiency in this process. In this terms, an inline inspection is necessary, in order to improve the process through a closed-loop control and early defect detection. Within this paper an optical measurement system for inline inspection of micro and macro surface structures is described. Measurements on standards and laser structured surfaces are presented, which underline the potential of this technique for inline surface inspection of laser structured surfaces.

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38

OSTERWALDER, J. "FERMI SURFACE MAPPING BY PHOTOEMISSION." Surface Review and Letters 04, no. 02 (April 1997): 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x97000390.

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Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) data are usually measured spectrum by spectrum at various emission angles or photon energies in order to observe the dispersion of energy bands in solids and on their surfaces. In these lecture notes an alternative experimental procedure is described which yields a direct mapping of constant energy surfaces within the band structure, and specifically of the Fermi surface. This approach appears very promising, in particular when applied to magnetic systems and systems with narrow bands. Fermi surfaces of surface states are seen in direct relation to the underlying bulk Fermi surface.

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39

Disalvo, Anibal, and Maria A. Frias. "Surface Characterization of Lipid Biomimetic Systems." Membranes 11, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110821.

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Zeta potential and dipole potential measures are direct operational methodologies to determine the adsorption, insertion and penetration of ions, amphipathic and neutral compounds into the membranes of cells and model systems. From these results, the contribution of charged and dipole groups can be deduced. However, although each method may give apparent affinity or binding constants, care should be taken to interpret them in terms of physical meaning because they are not independent properties. On the base of a recent model in which the lipid bilayer is considered as composed by two interphase regions at each side of the hydrocarbon core, this review describes how dipole potential and zeta potential are correlated due to water reorganization. From this analysis, considering that in a cell the interphase region the membrane extends to the cell interior or overlaps with the interphase region of another supramolecular structure, the correlation of dipole and electrostatic forces can be taken as responsible of the propagation of perturbations between membrane and cytoplasm and vice versa. Thus, this picture gives the membrane a responsive character in addition to that of a selective permeability barrier when integrated to a complex system.

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40

Rosellö Segado, A., A. Martin Aguilar, and J. M. Rodriguez Patino. "Surface Tension of several Binary Systems." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 28, no. 2 (March 1, 1991): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1991-280217.

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41

Kokhanovskii, V. A., and V. N. Polyakov. "Supporting Surface of Slipping Frictional Systems." Russian Engineering Research 41, no. 6 (June 2021): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x21060101.

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42

Albert, Isabell, Chenlei Hua, Thorsten Nürnberger, Rory N. Pruitt, and Lisha Zhang. "Surface Sensor Systems in Plant Immunity." Plant Physiology 182, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 1582–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.01299.

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43

Xie, Qingyi, Jiansen Pan, Chunfeng Ma, and Guangzhao Zhang. "Dynamic surface antifouling: mechanism and systems." Soft Matter 15, no. 6 (2019): 1087–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01853g.

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44

Davis, Christopher, Matthias Nagel, Patrick Orson, and Mark Powell. "Surface systems and triple linking numbers." Indiana University Mathematics Journal 69, no. 7 (2020): 2505–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1512/iumj.2020.69.8081.

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45

Eisenriegler, E., and H. W. Diehl. "Surface critical behavior of tricritical systems." Physical Review B 37, no. 10 (April 1, 1988): 5257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.37.5257.

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46

Muller, R. S., and K. Y. Lau. "Surface-micromachined microoptical elements and systems." Proceedings of the IEEE 86, no. 8 (1998): 1705–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.704276.

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47

De'Bell, K., and Turab Lookman. "Surface phase transitions in polymer systems." Reviews of Modern Physics 65, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.65.87.

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48

Brooks, Robert E., and David Penunuri. "Surface acoustic wave systems and methods." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, no. 4 (October 1988): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.396581.

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49

Szeliski, Richard, and David Tonnesen. "Surface modeling with oriented particle systems." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 26, no. 2 (July 1992): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/142920.134037.

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50

Sicking, G. H., B. Jungblut, L. G. Earwaker, and P. Albers. "Surface Properties of Metal/Hydrogen Systems." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 147, no. 1_2 (January 1986): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1986.147.1_2.103.

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