Academic literature on the topic 'Surface-Subsurface transfers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Surface-Subsurface transfers":
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Yao, Changfeng, Lufei Ma, Yongxia Du, Junxue Ren, and Dinghua Zhang. "Surface integrity and fatigue behavior in shot-peening for high-speed milled 7055 aluminum alloy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 2 (August 8, 2016): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415573704.
Abstract:
The influence of shot-peening parameters on surface integrity of 7055 aluminum alloy is investigated based on shot-peening experiments. Surface integrity measurements, fatigue fracture analysis and fatigue life tests are conducted to reveal the effect of surface integrity on crack initiation and fatigue life. The results show that surface roughness increases significantly, and irregular pits and bumps appear on surface after shot-peening; grain on subsurface is refined and produces a shift and distortion in the pellets hit direction; compressive stress can be detected on all machined surfaces. Shot-peening parameters have significant impact on micro-hardness. In comparison with the milled specimen, fatigue life of peened specimens is improved by about 23.8, 3.96 and 1.01 times. Fatigue source zone transfers from stress concentration location on surface to subsurface due to the lower surface roughness and lager residual compressive stress.
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Peña, Francisco, Fernando Nardi, Assefa Melesse, Jayantha Obeysekera, Fabio Castelli, René M. Price, Todd Crowl, and Noemi Gonzalez-Ramirez. "Compound flood modeling framework for surface–subsurface water interactions." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 775–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-775-2022.
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Abstract. Compound floods are an active area of research in which the complex interaction between pluvial, fluvial, coastal and groundwater flooding are analyzed. A number of studies have simulated the compound flooding impacts of precipitation, river discharge and storm surge variables with different numerical models and linking techniques. However, groundwater flooding is often neglected in flood risk assessments due to its sporadic frequency (as most regions have water tables sufficiently low that do not exacerbate flooding conditions), isolated impacts and considerably lower severity with respect to other types of flooding. This paper presents a physics-based, loosely coupled modeling framework using FLO-2D and MODFLOW-2005 that is capable of simulating surface–subsurface water interactions. FLO-2D, responsible for the surface hydrology and infiltration processes, transfers the infiltration volume as recharge to MODFLOW-2005 until the soil absorption capacity is exceeded, while MODFLOW-2005 returns exchange flow to the surface when the groundwater heads are higher than the surface depth. Three events characterized by short-duration intense precipitation, average tide levels and unusually high water table levels are used to assess the relevance of groundwater flooding in the Arch Creek Basin, a locality in North Miami particularly prone to flooding conditions. Due to limitations in water level observations, the model was calibrated based on properties that have experienced repetitive flooding losses and validated using image-based volunteer geographic information (VGI). Results suggest that groundwater-induced flooding is localized, and high groundwater heads influence pluvial flooding as the shallow water table undermines the soil infiltration capacity. Understanding groundwater flood risk is of particular interest to low-elevation coastal karst environments as the sudden emergence of the water table at ground surface can result in social disruption, adverse effects to essential services and damage to infrastructure. Further research should assess the exacerbated impacts of high tides and sea level rise on water tables under current and future climate projections.
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Gatel, Laura, Claire Lauvernet, Nadia Carluer, Sylvain Weill, and Claudio Paniconi. "Sobol Global Sensitivity Analysis of a Coupled Surface/Subsurface Water Flow and Reactive Solute Transfer Model on a Real Hillslope." Water 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010121.
Abstract:
The migration and fate of pesticides in natural environments is highly complex. At the hillslope scale, the quantification of contaminant fluxes and concentrations requires a physically based model. This class of model has recently been extended to include coupling between the surface and the subsurface domains for both the water flow and solute transport regimes. Due to their novelty, the relative importance of and interactions between the main model parameters has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, a global Sobol sensitivity analysis is performed on a vineyard hillslope for a one hour intensive rain event with the CATHY (CATchment HYdrology) integrated surface/subsurface model. The event-based simulation involves runoff generation, infiltration, surface and subsurface solute transfers, and shallow groundwater flow. The results highlight the importance of the saturated hydraulic conductivity K s and the retention curve shape parameter n and they reveal a strong role for parameter interactions associated with the exchange processes represented in the model. The mass conservation errors generated by the model are lower than 1% in 99.7% of the simulations. Boostrapping analysis of sampling methods and errors associated with the Sobol indices highlights the relevance of choosing a large sampling size (at least N = 1000) and raises issues associated with rare but extreme output results.
4
Coombs, J. M., and T. Barkay. "Molecular Evidence for the Evolution of Metal Homeostasis Genes by Lateral Gene Transfer in Bacteria from the Deep Terrestrial Subsurface." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1698–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1698-1707.2004.
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ABSTRACT Lateral gene transfer (LGT) plays a vital role in increasing the genetic diversity of microorganisms and promoting the spread of fitness-enhancing phenotypes throughout microbial communities. To date, LGT has been investigated in surface soils, natural waters, and biofilm communities but not in the deep terrestrial subsurface. Here we used a combination of molecular analyses to investigate the role of LGT in the evolution of metal homeostasis in lead-resistant subsurface bacteria. A nested PCR approach was employed to obtain DNA sequences encoding PIB-type ATPases, which are proteins that transport toxic or essential soft metals such as Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) through the cell wall. Phylogenetic incongruencies between a 16S rRNA gene tree and a tree based on 48 PIB-type ATPase amplicons and sequences available for complete bacterial genomes revealed an ancient transfer from a member of the β subclass of the Proteobacteria (β-proteobacterium) that may have predated the diversification of the genus Pseudomonas. Four additional phylogenetic incongruencies indicate that LGT has occurred among groups of β- and γ-proteobacteria. Two of these transfers appeared to be recent, as indicated by an unusual G+C content of the PIB-type ATPase amplicons. This finding provides evidence that LGT plays a distinct role in the evolution of metal homeostasis in deep subsurface bacteria, and it shows that molecular evolutionary approaches may be used for investigation of this process in microbial communities in specific environments.
5
de Rooij, G. H. "Big and small: menisci in soil pores affect water pressures, dynamics of groundwater levels, and catchment-scale average matric potentials." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 6491–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-6491-2010.
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Abstract. Soil water is confined behind the menisci of its water-air interface. Catchment-scale fluxes (groundwater recharge, evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, etc.) affect the matric potential, and thereby the interface curvature and the configuration of the phases. In turn, these affect the fluxes (except precipitation), creating feedbacks between pore-scale and catchment-scale processes. Tracking pore-scale processes beyond the Darcy scale is not feasible. Instead, for a simplified system based on the classical Darcy's Law and Laplace-Young Law we i) clarify how menisci transfer pressure from the atmosphere to the soil water, ii) examine large-scale phenomena arising from pore-scale processes, and iii) analyze the relationship between average meniscus curvature and average matric potential. In stagnant water, changing the gravitational potential or the curvature of the air-water interface changes the pressure throughout the water. Adding small amounts of water can thus profoundly affect water pressures in a much larger volume. The pressure-regulating effect of the interface curvature showcases the meniscus as a pressure port that transfers the atmospheric pressure to the water with an offset directly proportional to its curvature. This property causes an extremely rapid rise of phreatic levels in soils once the capillary fringe extends to the soil surface and the menisci flatten. For large bodies of subsurface water, the curvature and vertical position of any meniscus quantify the uniform hydraulic potential under hydrostatic equilibrium. During unit-gradient flow, the matric potential corresponding to the mean curvature of the menisci should provide a good approximation of the intrinsic phase average of the matric potential.
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Fang, Yilin, Xingyuan Chen, Jesus Gomez Velez, Xuesong Zhang, Zhuoran Duan, Glenn E. Hammond, Amy E. Goldman, Vanessa A. Garayburu-Caruso, and Emily B. Graham. "A multirate mass transfer model to represent the interaction of multicomponent biogeochemical processes between surface water and hyporheic zones (SWAT-MRMT-R 1.0)." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 3553–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3553-2020.
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Abstract. Surface water quality along river corridors can be modulated by hyporheic zones (HZs) that are ubiquitous and biogeochemically active. Watershed management practices often ignore the potentially important role of HZs as a natural reactor. To investigate the effect of hydrological exchange and biogeochemical processes on the fate of nutrients in surface water and HZs, a novel model, SWAT-MRMT-R, was developed coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model and the reaction module from a flow and reactive transport code (PFLOTRAN). SWAT-MRMT-R simulates concurrent nonlinear multicomponent biogeochemical reactions in both the channel water and its surrounding HZs, connecting the channel water and HZs through hyporheic exchanges using multirate mass transfer (MRMT) representation. Within the model, HZs are conceptualized as transient storage zones with distinguished exchange rates and residence times. The biogeochemical processes within HZs are different from those in the channel water. Hyporheic exchanges are modeled as multiple first-order mass transfers between the channel water and HZs. As a numerical example, SWAT-MRMT-R is applied to the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, a large river in the United States, focusing on nitrate dynamics in the channel water. Major nitrate contaminants entering the Hanford Reach include those from the legacy waste, irrigation return flows (irrigation water that is not consumed by crops and runs off as point sources to the stream), and groundwater seepage resulting from irrigated agriculture. A two-step reaction sequence for denitrification and an aerobic respiration reaction is assumed to represent the biogeochemical transformations taking place within the HZs. The spatially variable hyporheic exchange rates and residence times in this example are estimated with the basin-scale Networks with EXchange and Subsurface Storage (NEXSS) model. Our simulation results show that (1), given a residence time distribution, how the exchange fluxes to HZs are approximated when using MRMT can significantly change the amount of nitrate consumption in HZs through denitrification and (2) source locations of nitrate have a different impact on surface water quality due to the spatially variable hyporheic exchanges.
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Barboni, Alexandre, Ayah Lazar, Alexandre Stegner, and Evangelos Moschos. "Lagrangian eddy tracking reveals the Eratosthenes anticyclonic attractor in the eastern Levantine Basin." Ocean Science 17, no. 5 (September 15, 2021): 1231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1231-2021.
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Abstract. Statistics of anticyclonic eddy activity and eddy trajectories in the Levantine Basin over the 2000–2018 period are analyzed using the DYNED-Atlas database, which links automated mesoscale eddy detection by the Angular Momentum Eddy Detection and Tracking Algorithm (AMEDA) algorithm to in situ oceanographic observations. This easternmost region of the Mediterranean Sea, delimited by the Levantine coast and Cyprus, has a complex eddying activity, which has not yet been fully characterized. In this paper, we use Lagrangian tracking to investigate the eddy fluxes and interactions between different subregions in this area. The anticyclonic structure above the Eratosthenes Seamount is identified as hosting an anticyclone attractor, constituted by a succession of long-lived anticyclones. It has a larger radius and is more persistent (staying in the same position for up to 4 years with successive merging events) than other eddies in this region. Quantification of anticyclone flux shows that anticyclones that drift towards the Eratosthenes Seamount are mainly formed along the Israeli coast or in a neighboring area west of the seamount. The southeastern Levantine area is isolated, with no anticyclone transfers to or from the western part of the basin, defining the effective attraction basin for the Eratosthenes anticyclone attractor. Co-localized in situ profiles inside eddies provide quantitative information on their subsurface physical anomaly signature, whose intensity can vary greatly with respect to the dynamical surface signature intensity. Despite interannual variability, the so-called Eratosthenes anticyclone attractor stores a larger amount of heat and salt than neighboring anticyclones, in a deeper subsurface anomaly that usually extends down to 500 m. This suggests that this attractor could concentrate heat and salt from this subbasin, which will impact the properties of intermediate water masses created there.
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Stramler, Kirstie, Anthony D. Del Genio, and William B. Rossow. "Synoptically Driven Arctic Winter States." Journal of Climate 24, no. 6 (March 15, 2011): 1747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3817.1.
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Abstract The dense network of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) observations is used to assess relationships between winter surface and atmospheric variables as the SHEBA site came under the influence of cyclonic and anticyclonic atmospheric circulation systems. Two distinct and preferred states of subsurface, surface, atmosphere, and clouds occur during the SHEBA winter, extending from the oceanic mixed layer through the troposphere and preceded by same-sign variations in the stratosphere. These states are apparent in distributions of surface temperature, sensible heat and longwave radiation fluxes, ocean heat conduction, cloud-base height and temperature, and in the atmospheric humidity and temperature structure. Surface and atmosphere are in radiative–turbulent–conductive near-equilibrium during a warm opaquely cloudy-sky state, which persists up to 10 days and usually occurs during the low surface pressure phase of a baroclinic wave, although occasionally occurs during the high surface pressure phase because of low, scattered clouds. Clouds occurring in this state have near-unity emissivity and the lowest bases in the vicinity of, or below, the temperature inversion peak. A cold radiatively clear-sky state persists up to two weeks, and occurs only in the high surface pressure phase of a baroclinic wave. The radiatively clear state has clouds that are too tenuous when surface based or, irrespective of opacity, located too far aloft to contribute significantly to the surface energy budget. There is a 13-K surface temperature difference between the two states, and atmospheric inversion peak temperatures are linearly related to the surface temperature in both states. The snow–sea ice interface temperature oscillates over the course of the winter season, as it cools during the radiatively clear state and is warmed from atmospheric emission above and ocean heat conduction from below during the opaquely cloudy state. Analysis of satellite data over the Arctic from 70°–90°N indicates that the radiatively clear and opaquely cloudy states observed at SHEBA may be representative of the entire Arctic basin. The results suggest that model formulation inadequacies should be easier to diagnose if modeled energy transfers are compared with observations using process-based metrics that acknowledge the bimodal nature of the Arctic ocean–ice–snow–atmosphere column, rather than monthly and regionally averaged quantities. Climate change projections of thinner Arctic sea ice and larger advective water vapor influxes into the Arctic could yield different frequencies of occupation of the radiatively clear and opaquely cloudy states and higher wintertime temperatures of SHEBA ocean, ice, snow, atmosphere, and clouds—in particular, a wintertime warming of the snow–sea ice interface temperature.
9
Gupta, Aniket, Alix Reverdy, Jean-Martial Cohard, Basile Hector, Marc Descloitres, Jean-Pierre Vandervaere, Catherine Coulaud, et al. "Impact of distributed meteorological forcing on simulated snow cover and hydrological fluxes over a mid-elevation alpine micro-scale catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 27, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-191-2023.
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Abstract. From the micro- to the mesoscale, water and energy budgets of mountainous catchments are largely driven by topographic features such as terrain orientation, slope, steepness, and elevation, together with associated meteorological forcings such as precipitation, solar radiation, and wind speed. Those topographic features govern the snow deposition, melting, and transport, which further impacts the overall water cycle. However, this microscale variability is not well represented in Earth system models due to coarse resolutions. This study explores the impact of precipitation, shortwave radiation, and wind speed on the water budget distribution over a 15.28 ha small, mid-elevation (2000–2200 m) alpine catchment at Col du Lautaret (France). The grass-dominated catchment remains covered with snow for 5 to 6 months per year. The surface–subsurface coupled distributed hydrological model ParFlow-CLM is used at a very high resolution (10 m) to simulate the impacts on the water cycle of meteorological variability at very small spatial and temporal scales. These include 3D simulations of hydrological fluxes with spatially distributed forcing of precipitation, shortwave radiation, and wind speed compared to 3D simulations of hydrological fluxes with non-distributed forcing. Our precipitation distribution method encapsulates the spatial snow distribution along with snow transport. The model simulates the dynamics and spatial variability of snow cover using the Common Land Model (CLM) energy balance module and under different combinations of distributed forcing. The resulting subsurface and surface water transfers are computed by the ParFlow module. Distributed forcing leads to spatially heterogeneous snow cover simulation, which becomes patchy at the end of the melt season and shows a good agreement with the remote sensing images (mean bias error (MBE) = 0.22). This asynchronous melting results in a longer melting period compared to the non-distributed forcing, which does not generate any patchiness. Among the distributed meteorological forcings tested, precipitation distribution, including snow transport, has the greatest impact on spatial snow cover (MBE = 0.06) and runoff. Shortwave radiation distribution has an important impact, reducing evapotranspiration as a function of the slope orientation (decreasing the slope between observed and simulated evapotranspiration from 1.55 to 1.18). For the primarily east-facing catchment studied here, distributing shortwave radiation helps generate realistic timing and spatial heterogeneity in the snowmelt at the expense of an increase in the mean bias error (from 0.06 to 0.22) for all distributed forcing simulations compared to the simulation with only distributed precipitation. Distributing wind speed in the energy balance calculation has a more complex impact on our catchment, as it accelerates snowmelt when meteorological conditions are favorable but does not generate snow patches at the end of our test case. This shows that slope- and aspect-based meteorological distribution can improve the spatio-temporal representation of snow cover and evapotranspiration in complex mountain terrain.
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Eeckman, Judith, Hélène Roux, Audrey Douinot, Bertrand Bonan, and Clément Albergel. "A multi-sourced assessment of the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture in the MARINE flash flood model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 1425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1425-2021.
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Abstract. The MARINE (Model of Anticipation of Runoff and INundations for Extreme events) hydrological model is a distributed model dedicated to flash flood simulation. Recent developments of the MARINE model are explored in this work. On one hand, transfers of water through the subsurface, formerly relying on water height, now take place in a homogeneous soil column based on the soil saturation degree (SSF model). On the other hand, the soil column is divided into two layers, which represent, respectively, the upper soil layer and the deep weathered rocks (SSF–DWF model). The aim of the present work is to assess the accuracy of these new representations for the simulation of soil moisture during flash flood events. An exploration of the various products available in the literature for soil moisture estimation is performed. The efficiency of the models for soil saturation degree simulation is estimated with respect to several products either at the local scale or spatially distributed: (i) the gridded soil moisture product provided by the operational modeling chain SAFRAN-ISBA-MODCOU; (ii) the gridded soil moisture product provided by the LDAS-Monde assimilation chain, which is based on the ISBA-A-gs land surface model and assimilating satellite derived data; (iii) the upper soil water content hourly measurements taken from the SMOSMANIA observation network; and (iv) the Soil Water Index provided by the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS), which is derived from Sentinel-1 C-SAR and ASCAT satellite data. The case study is performed over two French Mediterranean catchments impacted by flash flood events over the 2017–2019 period. The local comparison of the MARINE outputs with the SMOSMANIA measurements, as well as the comparison at the basin scale of the MARINE outputs with the gridded LDAS-Monde and CGLS data, lead to the following conclusion: both the dynamics and the amplitudes of the soil saturation degree simulated with the SSF and SSF–DWF models are better correlated with both the SMOSMANIA measurements and the LDAS-Monde data than the outputs of the base model. Finally, the soil saturation degree simulated by the two-layers model for the deep layer is compared to the soil saturation degree provided by the LDAS-Monde product at corresponding depths. In conclusion, the developments presented for the representation of subsurface flow in the MARINE model enhance the soil saturation degree simulation during flash floods with respect to both gridded data and local soil moisture measurements.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surface-Subsurface transfers":
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Ba, Mouhamadoul Moustapha. "Dynamique des interactions physico-chimiques en zone hyporhéique : influence des crues et de la suppression des barrages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENB076.
Abstract:
Dans le contexte de la rivière Sélune en France, où deux barrages sont en cours de retrait pour rétablir la continuité hydro-sédimentaire de la rivière, cette thèse s'est fixée pour objectif de comprendre les impacts potentiels de ces changements sur la dynamique de la zone hyporhéique. Cette zone, cruciale dans les cycles hydrologiques ainsi que pour la reproduction de certaines espèces de poisson, demeure mal comprise du fait du faible nombre de donnée disponibles. Pour pallier à ce problème, un réseau de capteurs autonomes mesurant différentes variables physico-chimiques a été déployé à partir d'octobre 2021, sur une durée de 2 ans. La méthodologie de cette étude repose sur l'analyse des gradients physico-chimiques verticaux dans les sédiments du lit de la rivière, en se penchant sur l'oxygène et la conductivité. L'hétérogénéité de la perméabilité a également été examinée grâce à des mesures de conductivité électrique. Les résultats ont révélé des variations spatiales significatives de la perméabilité du lit. En particulier, l'impact du flux sédimentaire lié à l'arasement des barrages a été observé, provoquant une diminution de la perméabilité dans certaines zones. En ce qui concerne l'oxygène dissous, les variations observées sont liées aux régimes d'infiltration et d'exfiltration, avec possiblement des baisses temporaires dues à l'activité microbienne en réponse à l'apport de matière organique. De plus, l'arrivée de sédiments en mai 2022 semble avoir entraîné une période prolongée d'anoxie, avec potentiellement des conséquences majeures pour la faune aquatique. Cette recherche a contribué à une meilleure compréhension de la zone hyporhéique et a souligné l'impact significatif du flux sédimentaire sur la perméabilité, la dynamique de l'oxygène et le phénomène de colmatage. Elle a également ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour l'analyse des propriétés hydrothermiques du lit de la rivière, des flux d'eau et l'utilisation de mesures de conductivité électrique pour estimer la profondeur des échanges nappe-rivière, ainsi que le développement de modèles théoriques pour prédire le transport des éléments dissous et leur dégradationIn the context of the Selune River in France, where two dams are currently being removed to restore hydro-sedimentary continuity in the river, this thesis aimed at understanding the potential impacts of these changes on the dynamics of the hyporheic zone. This zone, crucial for the reproduction of certain species and economic activities, requires in-depth monitoring. To achieve this, a network of autonomous sensors measuring various physicochemical variables was deployed starting in October 2021, for a duration of 2 years. The methodology of this study is based on the analysis of vertical physicochemical gradients in the riverbed sediments, focusing on oxygen and conductivity. The heterogeneity of permeability was also examined through measurements of electrical conductivity. The results revealed significant spatial variations in bed permeability. Specifically, the impact of sediment transport released by the dam removal was observed, causing a decrease in permeability in certain areas. Regarding dissolved oxygen, local variations were related to infiltration and exfiltration regimes, with temporary decreases due to microbial activity in response to organic matter input. Furthermore, the arrival of sediments in May 2022 led to an extended period of anoxia, with potentially significant consequences for aquatic fauna. This research has contributed to a better understanding of the hyporheic zone and emphasized the significant impact of sediment transport on permeability, oxygen dynamics, and clogging phenomena. It has also opened new perspectives for the analysis of hydrothermal properties of the riverbed, water flow, and the use of electrical conductivity measurements to estimate the depth of groundwater-river exchanges, as well as the development of theoretical models to predict the transport and degradation of dissolved elements
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Gatel, Laura. "Construction et évaluation d'un modèle de transport de contaminants réactif couplé surface-subsurface à l'échelle du versant." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU001/document.
Abstract:
L'utilisation de pesticides sur les surfaces agricoles conduit à une contamination généralisée des eaux de surface et de subsurface en France. Dans l'attente d'une évolution profonde des pratiques agricoles et d'une baisse durable de l'utilisation des pesticides, il est intéressant de chercher à limiter des transferts des zones agricoles aux zones aquatiques. Pour mieux agir sur les voies de transfert, il est nécessaire d'approfondir les connaissances des processus en jeu et de leurs interactions éventuelles et de tirer au mieux partie des observations du terrain.L'objectif de cette thèse est l'intégration de processus de transferts réactif dans le modèle hydrologique à base physique CATHY (CATchment HYdrology), capable de simuler en 3 dimensions les écoulements de l'eau de façon couplée surface-subsurface et le transport advectif dans des situations variablement saturées. En subsurface, les processus d'adsorption linéaire et de dégradation du premier ordre sont implémentés. Un module de mélange des solutés entre la lame ruisselante et la première couche de sol est ajouté, qui permet de simuler la remobilisation des solutés de la subsurface dans le ruissellement. Le couplage surface-subsurface des écoulement est très efficace dans ce modèle, et le couplage du transport de soluté adoptant la même stratégie a été amélioré pour mieux respecter la conservation de la masse.Le modèle est en premier lieu testé sur des données issues d'expérimentations de transfert de subsurface sur une maquette de laboratoire à petite échelle (2 m de long, o.5 m de large, 1 m de profondeur). Les résultats sont confrontés aux chroniques de flux massiques observées et une analyse de sensibilité de type Morris est menée. Le modèle est capable de reproduire de façon satisfaisante les observations, et très satisfaisante après une légère calibration. Les conductivités à saturation horizontale et verticale, la porosité et le paramètre $n$ de la courbe de rétention influencent de façon non négligeable les résultats hydrodynamiques et de transfert de soluté. Dans un second temps, le modèle est évalué sur les données issus d'un versant viticole réel (0.6 ha) dans un contexte orageux avec de fortes interactions surface-subsurface. Une analyse de sensibilité globale est menée, et met en valeur les mêmes paramètres que la méthode de Morris. Les interactions entre les paramètres influencent fortement la variabilité des sorties hydrodynamiques et de transfert. La conservation de la masse est très correctement assurée malgré la complexité de la simulation.Le modèle auquel on aboutit correspond bien aux objectifs de départ, sa validation est solide, même si elle n'est rigoureusement valable que dans les contextes précis où elle a été réalisée. On a montré que le modèle était robuste et capable de reproduire des données observées. D'autres processus manquent encore pour représenter toutes les voies de transfert à l'échelle du versant, notamment la représentation du transfert préférentiel en subsurface et du transport sédimentaire en surfacePesticide use on agricultural surfaces leads to a broad surface and subsurface water contamination in France. Awaiting a deep agricultural practices evolution and a sustained fall of the pesticide use, it is of interest to limit transfers form agricultural fields to rivers. In order to constrain those transfers, a deepen knowledge of processes at stake and their potential interactions is necessary, as well as taking full advantages of fields observations.The aim of this PhD is the reactive transfer processes integration in the Hydrological physically-based model CATHY (CATchment HYdrology) which simulates surface-subsurface coupled water flow and advectiv solute transport in three dimensions and in variably saturated situations. Linear adsorption and first order decay are implemented in subsurface. A mixing modules is added, and evens the concentration between surface runoff and subsurface first layer. This module simulates the solute mobilisation from soil to surface runoff. The water flow surface-subsurface coupling procedure is very accurate in CATHY, and the transport coupling procedure is improve in order to respect the mass conservation.The model is first evaluated on subsurface transfer laboratory experimentation data at a small scale (2 m long, o.5 m wide, 1 m deep). Results are compared to mass flux evolution in time and a Morris sensitivity analysis is conducted. The model is able to acceptably reproduce observation, and properly after a slight calibration. Horizontal and vertical saturated conductivities, porosity and the $n$ parameter of retention curve significantly influence hydrodynamics and solute transport. As a second step, the model is evaluated on data from a field wine hillslope on an intense rain event, therefore in a context with a lot of surface-subsurface interactions. A global sensitivity analysis is conducted and highlights same parameters as the Morris method. Interactions between parameters highly influence the variability of hydrodynamic and solute transfer outputs. Mass conservation is accurate despite the complexity of the context.The resulting model meets the objectives, its evaluation is strong even if its theoretically only valid in the precise context in which the evaluations where conducted. The model is robust and able to reproduce observed data. Some complementary processes are still missing in the model to properly represent transfer ways at the hillslope scale, such as subsurface preferential transfers and surface sedimentary transport
3
Chen, Sung-Hui, and 陳松輝. "Transfer Function between Surface Wave and Subsurface Pressure." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86889653229720064854.
Abstract:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
91
The purpose of this study is to investigate how to transform the wave pressure to surface wave. Based on the experimental data, a pressure transfer function was developed. A comparison with the wave spectrum calculated by present result, linear pressure response function and Chiu et al. transfer function （1993） was carried out to evaluated the application of each transfer functions. The result of the study shows that the transfer function is related to the dimensionless parameterw^2|z|/g,w^2d/g and w^2H/g. It is different with the result of Chiu et al.（1993）. The spectrum obtained by linear pressure response function and Chiu et al.（1993）is underestimated at the short significant wave period, deep water and large significant wave height. The estimation of wave spectrum using the pressure transfer function of this study is more accurate and is not influence by the depth of the gauge.
Book chapters on the topic "Surface-Subsurface transfers":
1
McClain, Michael E., and Helmut Elsenbeer. "Terrestrial Inputs to Amazon Streams and Internal Biogeochemical Processing." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0015.
Abstract:
Enormous meandering rivers are the most remarkable fluvial feature of the Amazon landscape, but these rivers are only the largest component of a much denser network of streams which finely dissects and drains the basin. In terms of combined length and total amount of lotic habitat, streams dominate over their more visible downstream counterparts; this dominance is especially dramatic for first- and second-order streams which alone may account for greater than 80% of total channel length in meso-scale Amazon drainag basins. The flow of Amazon streams emerges directly from the extensive forests and savannas that compose the basin. Biogeochemical cycles in streams are thus intricately associated with processes operating in adjoining riparian and upland ecosystems. Terrestrial processes regulate the input of organic and inorganic species to stream systems, and the chemistry of inflowing waters determines, to some extent, the nature of subsequent reactions and even the composition of the stream’s biological community (Fittkau 1971). Undisturbed Amazon streams are thought to experience virtually no primary production (Walker 1995), thus most inputs of energy, as well as nutrients, must ultimately derive from terrestrial sources. This connection is particularly acute in first-order streams where there is no upstream input and all water, particulates, and solutes derive from immediately adjacent to the stream. Pathways linking the two systems include groundwater runoff, surface and subsurface storm runoff, wetland seepage, direct litterfall, and litter blow-in. These pathways are active across the entire Amazon basin, but their relative importance may vary regionally (McClain and Richey 1996, Elsenbeer and Lack 1996). Riparian ecosystems continue to influence the biogeochemistry of downstream reaches, but as streams become rivers upstream and in-channel influences become increasingly dominant. Streams and the corridors through which they flow also play a crucial role in regional-scale biogeochemical cycles. Greater than 90% of all terrestrial to lotic transfers in the Amazon basin occur in streams of order 6 and less. Thus, organic and inorganic species moving from terrestrial systems to large rivers and ultimately to the ocean must first pass through streams, where rates of material cycling and processing are rapid.
2
Memon, Nimrabanu, Samir B. Patel, and Dhruvesh P. Patel. "Deep Learning Solutions for Analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar Imageries." In Artificial Intelligence of Things for Weather Forecasting and Climatic Behavioral Analysis, 107–29. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3981-4.ch008.
Abstract:
The potential of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to detect surface and subsurface characteristics of land, sea, and ice using polarimetric information has long piqued the interest of scientists and researchers. Traditional strategies include employing polarimetric information to simplify and classify SAR images for various earth observation applications. Deep learning (DL) uses advanced machine learning algorithms to increase information extraction from SAR datasets about the land surface, as well as segment and classify the dataset for applications. The chapter highlights several problems, as well as what and how DL can be utilized to solve them. Currently, improvements in SAR data analysis have focused on the use of DL in a range of current research areas, such as data fusion, transfer learning, picture classification, automatic target recognition, data augmentation, speckle reduction, change detection, and feature extraction. The study presents a small case study on CNN for land use land cover classification using SAR data.
3
Abriola, Linda M., and Kurt D. Pennell. "Persistence and Interphase Mass Transfer of Liquid Organic Contaminants in the Unsaturated Zone : Experimental Observations and Mathematical Modeling." In Vadose Zone Hydrology. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109900.003.0012.
Abstract:
Surface and subsurface releases of organic chemicals have resulted in widespread contamination of groundwaters and soils. Frequently, such chemicals are introduced into the subsurface as nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs), which are only slightly miscible with water. These organic liquids tend to migrate downward through the unsaturated soil zone, displacing the pore gases under the action of gravitational forces. During its migration, a portion of the NAPL will become entrapped in the soil pores due to capillary forces, creating zones of persistent contamination in the soil matrix. Organic liquid saturation in such zones may range from approximately 4% to 10% of the pore space (Wilkins et al., 1995). This entrapped NAPL may serve as a long-term source of contamination to the aqueous and gaseous pore fluids through subsequent dissolution and volatilization. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) has evolved over the past decade as an attractive in situ remediation technology for unsaturated soils contaminated by entrapped volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This technology involves the induction of gas flow within the porous medium to enhance volatilization of entrapped contaminants (Hutzler et al., 1989). Based upon the success of a number of feasibility studies and the ease of implementation, SVE remediation technologies are currently employed at approximately 18% of Superfund sites (Travis and Macinnis, 1992). An extensive review of the literature pertaining to SVE and related technologies is given in Rathfelder et al. (1995). Although widely implemented, SVE systems are typically designed and installed with limited understanding of the processes that control their effectiveness. Clearly, the performance of SVE will be strongly influenced by contaminant volatility and effective gas-phase permeability (Pedersen and Curtis, 1991). Relatively little is known, however, about the physical and chemical processes that control contaminant vapor-phase mass transfer. The SVE systems characteristically exhibit large initial VOC recovery rates, followed by a rapid decline in effluent gas concentrations to a persistent low level (e.g., Crow et al., 1987; DiGiulio, 1992). Furthermore, a temporary increase in the produced gas organic concentration has often been observed following SVE shutdown periods (McClellan and Gilham, 1992). Such behavior suggests the presence of mass transfer limitations.
4
Gordon, Howard R. "Modeling and Simulating Radiative Transfer in the Ocean." In Ocean Optics. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195068436.003.0005.
Abstract:
The propagation of light in the sea is of interest in many areas of oceanography: light provides the energy that powers primary productivity in the ocean; light diffusely reflected by the ocean provides the signal for the remote sensing of subsurface constituent concentrations (particularly phytoplankton pigments); light absorbed by the water heats the surface layer of the ocean; light absorbed by chemical species (particularly dissolved organics) provides energy for their dissociation; and the attenuation of light with depth in the water provides an estimate of the planktonic activity. Engineering applications include the design of underwater viewing systems. The propagation of light in the ocean-atmosphere system is governed by the integral-differential equation of radiative transfer, which contains absorption and scattering parameters that are characteristic of the particular water body under study. Unfortunately, it is yet to be shown that these parameters are measured with sufficient accuracy to enable an investigator to derive the in-water light field with the radiative transfer equation (RTE). Furthermore, the RTE has, thus far, defied analytical solution, forcing one to resort to numerical methods. These numerical solutions are referred to here as “simulations.” In this chapter, simulations of radiative transfer in the ocean-atmosphere system are used (1) to test the applicability of approximate solutions of the RTE, (2) to look for additional simplifications that are not evident in approximate models, and (3) to obtain approximate inverse solutions to the transfer equation, e.g., to derive the ocean’s scattering and absorption properties from observations of the light field. The chapter is based on a lecture presented at the Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington directed to both students and experts. For the students, I have tried to make the material as self-contained as possible by including the basics, i.e., by providing the basic definitions of the optical properties and radiometry for absorbing-scattering media, developing the approximate solutions to the RTE for testing the simulations, detailing the model used for scattering and absorbing properties of ocean constituents in the simulations, and briefly explaining the simulation method employed. For the experts, I hope I have provided some ideas worthy of experimental exploration.
Conference papers on the topic "Surface-Subsurface transfers":
1
Windisch, Christian. "The SMART SRP Well – Application of Edge Analytics for Automated Well Performance Control and Condition Monitoring in a Mature Brownfield Environment – A Case Study from Austria." In SPE Eastern Europe Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208521-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract This paper presents a holistic approach to modern oilfield and well surveillance through the inclusion of state-of-the-art edge computing applications in combination with a novel type of data transmission technology and algorithms developed in-house for automatic condition monitoring of SRP systems. The objective is to enable the responsible specialist staff to focus on the most important decisions regarding oilfield management, rather than wasting time with data collection and preparation. An own operated data communication system, based on LPWAN-technology transfers the dyno-cards, generated by an electric load cell, into the in-house developed production assistance software platform. Suitable programmed AI-algorithms enable automatic condition detection of the incoming dyno cards, including conversion and analysis of the corresponding subsurface dynamograms. A smart alarming system informs about occurring failure conditions and specifies whether an incident of rod rupture, pump-off condition, gas lock or paraffin precipitation occurred in the well. A surface mounted measuring device delivers liquid level and bottomhole pressure information automatically into the software. Based on these diverse data, the operations team plans the subsequent activities. The holistic application approach is illustrated using the case study of an SPR-operated well in an Austrian brownfield.
2
Salim, M. M., I. Traboulay, G. S. U. Ahmed, E. Ibrahim, S. Al Wehaibi, O. Al Hammadi, N. Ballaith, and M. Al Houqani. "Wells and Facilities Instrumentation and Automation Towards Achieving Field Intelligence." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216366-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract A well is a conduit that connects the hydrocarbon deposits in the subsurface to the facilities that transfers and processes it. Understanding the flow of oil or gas through the source rock can only be made possible from the wells itself. Aside from the flow conduits, wells are the only point of reference to understand the field wide behavior. This information is critical to manage the reservoir, ensuring sustainable production throughout the field life. Traditionally, acquiring data from the subsurface to the wellhead relies on intervention, conveying instruments downhole with wireline or coiled tubing. Though effective, this activity incurs costs, logistically challenging and only sporadically available. Surface flow parameters such as rate and pressure are usually measured by analog gauges and Barton chart measurements, which are read manually by personnel to be tabulated later. In most cases, these data can be lost without a proper data management system in place. With the advent of digital instruments, parameters such as pressure, temperature and flowrates; can now be measured automatically and transmitted to a DCS or SCADA system. Some downhole completions are now equipped with instruments that are robust and accurate to take measurements even in extreme conditions of heat and pressure. With data at high availability, engineers are now able to conduct analysis faster, applying data analytics, collaboration and decision making. The main value for Digital Oilfield (DOF) is to save time in data retrieval, analysis and decision making and allow domain engineers to perform higher analytical function and decision making, taking them out from repetitive, manual work through automation. This paper will describe the minimum instrumentations for all well types and major oil and as process facilities for real time data acquisition required to run DOF workflows. This covers subsurface wellbore to production manifold to custody transfer meters.
3
Serizawa, Ryosuke, Masanori Kikuchi, and Shinya Yamada. "Evaluation of Subsurface Crack Propagation Under Fatigue." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28159.
Abstract:
There is a proximity rule to calculate residual fatigue life of components in nuclear power plants. It is easy to evaluate soundness of a structure member by using this rule. If a subsurface crack is located near free surface of the structure, this real subsurface crack is transformed to surface crack. The condition to transform subsurface crack to surface crack is defined by relationship between crack size and the distance from crack tip to free surface. However, many organizations proposed proximity rules which differ from each other. It is advisable to verify which rule is preferable in these rules by experiment, but it is difficult to introduce subsurface crack at an optional position. Therefore, numerical simulation is needed for this purpose. Especially, S-version FEM is very useful for as much as model of subsurface crack is independent of global structure, and crack growth is easily simulated. Both subsurface and transformed surface crack growths are simulated by S-FEM. Subsurface crack grows toward free surface. When subsurface crack tip was touched to free surface, this crack was converted into surface crack by using stress intensity factor calculated at this time. In this way, crack growth behavior from subsurface to surface flaw is represented. By comparing the crack growth rate of surface to subsurface flaw with that of surface flaw transformed by each proximity rule, proximity rules can be verified by numerical simulation. Authors had proposed the proximity rule at the ASME PVP 2013 conference [1]. However, new rule was proposed by numerical simulation only under cyclic tensile load. In addition, only two proximity rules were studied at the last conference. In this study, the number of proximity rules is increased, and this problem is simulated under other loading condition such as cyclic bending load. New proximity rule gives reasonable and conservative results in numerical simulation.
4
Pirtini Cetingul, Muge, and Cila Herman. "Transient Thermal Response of Skin Tissue." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56409.
Abstract:
The increased availability of thermal imaging cameras has led to a growing interest in the application of infrared imaging techniques to the detection and identification of subsurface structures. These imaging techniques are based on the following principle: when a surface is heated or cooled, variations in the thermal properties of a structure located underneath the surface result in identifiable temperature contours on it. These contours are characteristic of the structure’s shape, depth, and its thermal properties. We study the use of the transient thermal response of skin layers to determine to which extent the surface temperature distribution reflects the properties of subsurface structures, such as lesions. A numerical model using the finite element method is described to obtain this response and key results are reported in the paper. A sensitivity study is conducted first to better understand the thermal response of the system and the role of various system and model parameters. We explore the extent to which we are able to draw conclusions regarding the size, depth and nature of subsurface structures and accuracy of these conclusions based on the surface temperature response alone. This work validates the idea of examining the transient thermal response and using thermal imaging as a solution for lesion identification. A sensitivity study of surface temperature distribution to variations of thermophysical properties, blood perfusion rate, and thicknesses of skin layers is performed. It is observed that variations in these parameters have little impact on the surface temperature distribution. The work reported in the paper is a portion of a comprehensive research effort involving experiments on a phantom model as well as measurements on patients. Future work will focus on comparing the results of our 2D numerical modeling efforts with the experimental results using a skin tissue-mimicking phantom. Knowledge gained from the modeling and experimental efforts will be utilized in characterizing lesions in patient studies. The focus of this paper is the computational sensitivity analysis.
5
Luke, A., and Bjo¨rn C. F. Mu¨ller. "Heat Transfer Mechanisms of Propane Boiling on Horizontal Steel Tubes With Smooth and Enhanced Surfaces." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22887.
Abstract:
The trend towards a better understanding of the fundamentals of nucleate boiling in re-entrant cavities is supported by the variation of the heating surface’s characteristics and the identification of parameters influencing the heat transfer at enhanced tubes. The optimized surface of enhanced evaporator tubes supports the bubble formation by providing stable nucleation sites, which are cavities that trapped the necessary amount of vapor to generate the next bubble. The optimal size of the cavities for bubble formation depends on various thermodynamic properties of the fluid and the wall material. The knowledge of these physical mechanisms is important for the further optimization. The influence of micro- and macrostructures on the overall heat transfer coefficient is investigated with the refrigerant R134a and the hydrocarbon propane (R290) boiling in a wide range of reduced pressures (p* = ps/pc = 0.03 to 0.5) and heat fluxes (0.05 to 100 kW/m2). The measurements are carried out using a standard apparatus and a horizontally positioned, electrically heated surface with various wall materials. Two different materials — copper and mild steel — with the same surface preparation by polishing are investigated. Furthermore, heat transfer measurements are carried out on a plain mild steel tube and on an industrially manufactured surface of the GEWA-PB type. The polished surfaces demonstrate a deterministic microstructure, the roughness parameters depends strongly on the measurement direction. The heat transfer coefficient as function of the heat flux of the polished copper tube can be described by the correlation of the VDI Heat Atlas, while the mild steel surface differ from former investigations due to the deep re-entrant cavities remaining from the drawn surface. The onset of boiling is nearly the same of both materials because of these cavities on the mild steel surface. As presented in the recent years, the heat transfer of nucleate boiling at tubes with subsurface channels can be divided into different domains, each influenced by different parameters like wettability, the product of vapor density and evaporation enthalpy. The identification of parameters influencing the bubble formation is done by heat transfer measurements, high-speed-video recording and photographic documentation. The experimental results of this work are compared to results of the polished surfaces. The heat transfer coefficient increases drastically for the enhanced tube, especially for beginning nucleation. The same α-q-relationship as on plain tubes is observed for higher pressures and heat fluxes but for three times higher values of the heat transfer coefficient α.
6
Antaluca, Eduard, Daniel Ne´lias, and Spiridon Cretu. "A Three-Dimensional Friction Model for Elastic-Plastic Contact With Tangential Loading: Application to Dented Surfaces." In ASME/STLE 2004 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/trib2004-64331.
Abstract:
A three-dimensional numerical model based on a semi-analytical method in the framework of small strains and small displacements with respect of Hertz’s hypotheses is presented for solving an elastic-plastic dented contact with friction. The calculation of surface deformations and pressure distribution, which is the most time consuming step during the elastic-plastic algorithm, is obtained using a method based on a variational principle with a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and a Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM). The method is fast enough to allow investigating the effect of a small size surface defect, here a debris denting, on the subsurface elastic-plastic stress state, requiring a fine mesh with around 106 surface grid points. Further, the FFT approach is also involved in the calculation of internal stress state. The plasticity model is based on an incremental load and Von Mises yield criterion. The effects of the contact pressure distribution and residual strain on the geometry of the contacting surfaces yield from the Betti’s reciprocal theorem with initial strain. The code is used to compute a few smooth and dented contacts, with several types of contact interfaces conditions, including frictionless and Coulomb friction. The effects of surface dents and friction on the contact pressure and subsurface stress field are presented and discussed.
7
Miletta, Bryan A., R. S. Amano, Ammar A. T. Alkhalidi, and Jin Li. "Study of Air Bubble Formation for Wastewater Treatment." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47065.
Abstract:
Aeration, a unit process in which air and water are brought into intimate contact, is an extremely important step in the process of wastewater treatment. The two most common systems of aeration are subsurface and mechanical. A mechanical system agitates the wastewater by various means (e.g. paddles, blades, or propellers) to introduce air from the atmosphere. Subsurface aeration is the release of air, in the form of bubbles, within the tank of wastewater to supply the microorganisms with the required amount of oxygen they need to metabolize and break down the organic material suspended in the wastewater. The bubbles of Air are released from the bottom of the wastewater tank through diffusers. These diffusers have a surface membrane, usually made of punched rubber, to create the fine bubbles with high oxygen transfer efficiency from supplied air to the diffusers. Since the energy crisis in the early 1970’s, there has been increased interest in these systems due to its high oxygen transfer efficiency. This paper covers experimentation of different air diffuser membranes, varying in material, used in the aeration process of wastewater treatment. Rubber, EPDM rubber (ethylene-propylene-diene Monomer) and PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene membranes coated membranes were tested. Experimental results showed that the rubber membrane produced the smallest bubble size against expectation. This could be a result of the coating being on the top surface only and the bubble starts from inside the punch.
8
Fu, C. H., Y. B. Guo, and X. T. Wei. "Austenite-Martensite Phase Transformation of Biomedical Ni50.8Ti49.2 Alloy by Ball Burnishing." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1241.
Abstract:
Nitinol alloys have received considerable attentions in biomedical and aerospace applications. They can exhibit both austenite and martensite phases at room temperature. Austenite can transform to martensite by applied stress or temperature. Ball burnishing is a very promising technique to modify surface integrity via plastic deformation on the workpiece surface. Phase transformation of Nitinol by burnishing may occur at certain load, which results in the mechanical property change on the workpiece. A burnishing experiment has been conducted in this research at different burnishing loads. The burnishing tracks are characterized and microstructures in the subsurface are studied. A corresponding simulation is also performed to shed light on phase transformation mechanism of Nitinol in burnishing.
9
Chidlow, Stewart J., William W. F. Chong, and Mircea Teodorescu. "Semi-Analytic Iterative Solution for the Adhesive Contact Between a Micro-Indenter and a Graded Elasticity Coating." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35110.
Abstract:
This paper proposes a hybrid (semi-analytic) solution for determining the contact footprint and subsurface stress field in a two-dimensional adhesive problem involving a multi-layered elastic solid loaded normally by a rigid indenter. The subsurface stress field is determined using a semi-analytic solution and the footprint using a fast converging iterative algorithm. The solid to be indented consists of a graded elasticity coating with exponential increase of decay of its shear modulus bonded on a homogeneously elastic substrate. By applying the Fourier Transform to the governing boundary value problem, we formulate expressions for the stresses and displacements induced by the application of line forces acting both normally and tangentially at the origin. The superposition principle is then used to generalize these expressions to the case of distributed normal pressure acting on the solid surface. A pair of coupled integral equations are further derived for the parabolic stamp problem which are easily solved using collocation methods.
10
Shuaibi, Fakhriya, Mohammed Harthi, Samantha Large, Jane-Frances Obilaja, Mohammed Senani, Carlos Moreno Gomez, Khalfan Mahrazy, et al. "Leveraging Game AI to Transform Integrated Brownfield Well Planning." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207947-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract PDO is in the process of transforming its well and urban planning by adopting digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve organizational efficiency and maximize business value through faster quality decision. In 2020, PDO collaborated with a third-party contractor to provide a novel solution to an industry-wide problem: "how to effectively plan 100's of wells in a congested brownfield setting?". This paper describes an innovative AI-assisted well planning method that is a game-changer for well planning in mature fields, providing efficiency in urban and well trajectory planning. It was applied in one of PDO's most congested fields with a targeted infill of 43m well spacing. The novel well planning method automatically designs and optimizes well trajectories for 100-200 new wells while considering surface, subsurface and well design constraints. Existing manual workflows in the industry are extremely time consuming and sequential (multiple man-months of work) - particularly for fields with a congested subsurface (350+ existing wells in this case) and surface (limited options for new well pads). These conventional and sequential ways of working are therefore likely to leave value on the table because it is difficult to find 100+ feasible well trajectories, and optimize the development in an efficient manner. The implemented workflow has the potential to enable step change in improvements in time and value for brownfield well and urban planning for all future PDO developments. The innovative AI assisted workflow, an industry first for an infill development of this size, evaluates, generates and optimizes from thousands of drillable trajectories to an optimized set for the field development plan (based on ranked value drivers, in this case, competitive value, cost and UR). The workflow provides a range of drillable trajectories with multi-scenario targets and surface locations, allowing ranking, selection and optimization to be driven by selected metrics (well length, landing point and/or surface locations). The approach leads to a step change reduction in cycle time for well and urban planning in a complex brownfield with 100-200 infill targets, from many months to just a few weeks. It provides potential game-changing digital solutions to the industry, enabling improved performance, much shorter cycle times and robust, unbiased well plans. The real footprint and innovation from this AI-assisted workflow is the use of state-of-the-art AI to enhance team collaboration and integration, supporting much faster and higher quality field development decisions. This paper describes a novel solution to integrated well planning. This is a tangible example of real digital transformation of a complex, integrated and multi-disciplinary problem (geologists, well engineers, geomatics, concept engineers and reservoir engineers), and only one of very few applied use cases in the industry. This application also gives an example of "augmented intelligence", i.e. how AI can be used to truly support integrated project teams, while the teams remain fully in control of the ultimate decisions. The success of this approach leans on the integrated teamwork across multiple technical disciplines, not only involving PDO's resources, but also WhiteSpace Energy as a 3rd party service provider. The enhanced collaboration allowed all parties to highlight their constraints in an integrated way from the start, strengthening the technical discussion between disciplines and learning from each constraint impact and dependencies. (e.g. dog leg severity). In summary, the change in process flow moving from a sequential well planning and urban planning method to an iterative and fast AI solution – including all technical considerations from beginning represented for PDO an added value of over 6 months of direct cycle time HC acceleration.
Reports on the topic "Surface-Subsurface transfers":
1
SCOTT, D. L. Mitigated subsurface transfer line leak resulting in a surface pool. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/781503.
2
Pradhan, Nawa Raj, Charles Wayne Downer, and Sergey Marchenko. User guidelines on catchment hydrological modeling with soil thermal dynamics in Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48331.
Abstract:
Climate warming is expected to degrade permafrost in many regions of the world. Degradation of permafrost has the potential to affect soil thermal, hydrological, and vegetation regimes. Projections of long-term effects of climate warming on high-latitude ecosystems require a coupled representation of soil thermal state and hydrological dynamics. Such a coupled framework was developed to explicitly simulate the soil moisture effects of soil thermal conductivity and heat capacity and its effects on hydrological response. In the coupled framework, the Geophysical Institute Permafrost Laboratory (GIPL) model is coupled with the Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) model. The new permafrost heat transfer in GSSHA is computed with the GIPL scheme that simulates soil temperature dynamics and the depth of seasonal freezing and thawing by numerically solving a one-dimensional quasilinear heat equation with phase change. All the GIPL input and output parameters and the state variables are set up to be consistent with the GSSHA input-output format and grid distribution data input requirements. Test-case simulated results showed that freezing temperatures reduced soil storage capacity, thereby producing higher peak and lower base flow. The report details the functions and format of required input variables and cards, as a guideline, in GSSHA hydrothermal analysis of frozen soils in permafrost-active areas.