Relevant bibliographies by topics / Surface roughness

Academic literature on the topic 'Surface roughness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Surface roughness"

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Bennett, Jean M. "Surface Roughness and Scattering." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2004.5 (2004): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2004.5.15.

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Brook, Michael A., Shigui Zhao, Lihua Liu, and Yang Chen. "Surface etching of silicone elastomers by depolymerization." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, no. 1 (January 2012): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v11-145.

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Silicone elastomer surfaces that are rough at the nanometer to micron scales could be useful for biomaterials, but there are few efficient routes for their preparation. Silicones undergo depolymerization under equilibrating conditions. We demonstrate that surface roughness can be induced by depolymerizing silicone elastomers using triflic acid, tetrabutylammonium fluoride or KOH as catalysts. The efficiency of depolymerization, however, is decoupled from the roughness that develops. When the catalysts are dissolved in solvents that do not effectively swell silicones, the etching reaction can be mostly directed to the elastomer surface. Acid catalysis leads to slow, nearly homogenous surface erosion with surface roughnesses only increasing from 15 to about 125 nm root mean squared roughness. By contrast, once KOH partitions into the elastomer, the rate of erosion is more efficient than return of the catalyst to the solvent, leading to deep channels and roughnesses of up to ∼850 nm. The use of fluoride requires good solvents for silicone, and leads to surfaces of intermediate roughness. Thus, judicious choice of catalyst and solvent permits independent control over depolymerization and the induction of surface roughness.
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Mosleh, Mohsen, Keron Bradshaw, Sonya Smith, John Belk, and Khosro Shirvani. "Roughness Effect in Micropitting and Rolling Contact Fatigue of Silicon Nitride." Ceramics 2, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics2010013.

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An experimental analysis of the role of surface roughness parameters on micropitting and the succeeding rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of silicon nitride against AISI 52100 steel under lubricated conditions was performed. In accelerated fatigue tests using a four-ball tester, the arithmetic mean, root mean square, and peak-to-valley roughnesses of silicon nitride surfaces varied, while the roughness of the steel surface was unchanged. The correlation between the fatigue life and roughness parameters for silicon nitride was obtained. The peak-to-valley roughness was the roughness parameter that dominantly affected the RCF life of silicon nitride. The micropitting of surfaces leading to fatigue intensified as the roughness was increased. Extensive micropitting was observed on the rolling track beyond the trailing edge of the spall region in the circumferential direction.
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Bou-Zeid, Elie, Marc B. Parlange, and Charles Meneveau. "On the Parameterization of Surface Roughness at Regional Scales." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3826.1.

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Abstract A parameterization for surface roughness and blending height at regional scales, under neutral atmospheric stability, is studied and tested. The analysis is based on a suite of large-eddy simulations (LES) over surfaces with varying roughness height and multiple variability scales. The LES are based on the scale-dependent Lagrangian dynamic subgrid-scale model, and the surface roughnesses at the ground are imposed using the rough-wall logarithmic law. Several patterns of roughness distribution are considered, including random tiling of patches with a wide distribution of length scales. An integral length scale, based on the one-dimensional structure function of the spatially variable roughness height, is used to define the characteristic surface variability scale, which is a critical input in many regional parameterization schemes. Properties of the simulated flow are discussed with special emphasis on the turbulence properties over patches of unequal roughness. The simulations are then used to assess a generalized form of the parameterization for the blending height and the equivalent surface roughness at regional scales that has been developed earlier for regular patterns of surface roughness (regular stripes). The results are also compared with other parameterizations proposed in the literature. Good agreement is found between the simulations and the regional-scale parameterization for the surface roughness and the blending height when this parameterization is combined with the characteristic surface variability scale proposed in this paper.
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Cheng, Gong, Jianzuo Ma, Junyang Li, Kang Sun, Kang Wang, and Yun Wang. "Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Gears Considering Surface Topography in a Mixed Lubrication State." Lubricants 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12010007.

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Based on mixed lubrication analysis, considering the influence of rough interface contact stiffness, contact damping, and interface friction on the gear transmission system, the relationship between interface contact and the overall performance of the gear transmission system has been established. First, the surface topography is characterized using statistical parameters of rough surfaces, and the contact stiffness and damping for tooth surfaces with different roughnesses are calculated. Subsequently, a six degree of freedom gear tribo-dynamics coupling model is developed. Finally, the established tribo-dynamics model is employed to investigate the relationship between surface roughness and the overall performance of the gear transmission system. This study provides a more intimate connection between the contact interface and the general behavior of the gear transmission system, enabling a better representation of real-world engineering problems. The research findings reveal that contact stiffness and damping decrease with increasing surface roughness. Higher roughness leads to greater gear vibration amplitude. Moreover, elevated surface roughness results in intensified meshing force and more significant energy loss. Surprisingly, when the roughness is appropriate, gears with rough surfaces lose less energy than those with smooth surfaces.
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Al-Ghamdi, Khalid A., and G. Hussain. "On the Free-Surface Roughness in Incremental Forming of a Sheet Metal: A Study from the Perspective of ISF Strain, Surface Morphology, Post-Forming Properties, and Process Conditions." Metals 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2019): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050553.

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Due to absence of any supporting die, the free surfaces in incremental sheet forming (ISF) experience uneven deformation. This results in rough surfaces, possibly leading to the reduced service life of components. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and quantify the effects of the application of strain on the free-surface roughness. Moreover, in order to control roughness, both on the free surface and the opposite contact surface, the nature of correlation between the two types of roughnesses needs to be identified by classifying the significance of different process conditions. The present work is a fundamental study to address these points. A series of specimens are produced by subjecting a metallic sheet to a range of ISF strains (13% to 98%). These specimens are then subjected to a number of characterization tests, namely roughness, uniaxial tension, and residual stress tests. The results reveal that the mean free-surface roughness increases non-linearly as the normal strain (stretching + bending) on the free surface increases (where strain state on the surface is as follows: ɛ1 = 0, ɛ2 > 0, γmax = ɛ2 and 1 and 2 are principal directions). The roughness also increases, although linearly, with the post-forming sheet strength, residual stress, and forming force, thereby showing that strain hardening has a direct influence on the roughness in a way that sheet strengthening is achieved at the cost of surface quality. The surface morphology reveals that the free surfaces contained orange peel, slip lines, and micro-voids, with density increasing with strain application, thus indicating the possible influence of tensile stresses on free surface deformation and roughening at an increasing degree with strain. Further analysis of roughness results discloses that the free-surface roughness and the contact-surface roughness are inversely related, because the responses of the two to ISF processing were mutually exclusive. Based on the obtained results, future research directions are also discussed.
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Russ, John C. "Characterization of Surface Roughness." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037077.

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Because of the session at this Microscopy and Microanalysis 2000 meeting concerned with the microanalysis of irregular surfaces, it seems appropriate to briefly review the methods used for the characterization of rough surfaces. This includes both mathematical tools for the concise description of surface roughness, and instruments used to acquire the necessary data. These methods are widely used in industry to characterize and specify the roughness of surfaces prepared by various machining, grinding, polishing, chemical etching, and physical and chemical deposition techniques, and to correlate the surface roughness with performance.Historically, surface roughness has been measured by performing a linear traverse with a mechanical stylus that is sensitive to vertical displacements of nm but with a lateral resolution on the order of pm, which is quite similar to the dimensions of the region analyzed by X-ray microanalysis. Recently, more comprehensive characterizations have been obtained using a raster scan over surface areas.
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Bekhta, Pavlo, Barbara Lis, Tomasz Krystofiak, and Nataliya Bekhta. "Surface Roughness of Varnished Wood Pre-Treated Using Sanding and Thermal Compression." Forests 13, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050777.

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Surface roughness is an important factor during the processes of wood gluing and finishing. This study proposed a new approach for the preparation of wood veneer surfaces before varnishing through the use of thermal compression instead of sanding. The quality of the pre-treated surface was examined using surface roughness measurements. In the experiment, a wood veneer of black alder and birch, before varnishing, was subjected to sanding with a sandpaper of 180 grit size, and thermal compression at temperatures of 180 and 210 °C. Three different types of commercially manufactured varnishes (water-based (WB), polyurethane (PUR) and UV-cured (UV)) were applied to the prepared veneer surfaces with various numbers of varnish layers. Seven roughness parameters such as Ra, Rz, Rq, Rp, Rv, Rsk, and Rku were determined for the sanded and thermally densified unvarnished and varnished surfaces. The profile surface was recorded with a portable surface roughness tester along and across the wood fibers. It was found that there was no difference between the surface roughnesses of the surfaces that had been sanded and the surface roughnesses of those that had been thermally densified at a temperature of 210 °C. The research suggests that thermal compression at a temperature of 210 °C is enough to obtain smoother surfaces with a UV varnish system, and this process can be recommended as a replacement for sanding before varnishing as the most labor-intensive and expensive operations in woodworking industry. Applying two layers of varnish along with intermediate sanding was also sufficient to obtain a satisfactory finish.
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Gokhale, A., and W. J. Drury. "Surface roughness of anisotropic fracture surfaces." Materials Characterization 30, no. 4 (June 1993): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(93)90075-7.

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Syahrullail, Samion, and Noorawzi Nuraliza. "Effect of Surface Roughness Parameters and Surface Texture for Reduced Friction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.572.

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The aim of the present research was to investigate the possibility of contact surfaces with reduced friction using surface roughness analysis. For this purpose, various aluminum pin samples with different lubricant using different sliding speed values were prepared. To evaluate influence of roughness parameters on friction and wear, lubricated pin-on-disk tests were carried out under different speed contact conditions. Test results show that surfaces with high values surface roughness results in reduced friction. To investigate the effect of surface topography on surface roughness parameters and consequently on friction, real roughness profiles were virtually altered to achieve virtually textured surfaces.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surface roughness"

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Mamo, Andrew Benedict 1982. "Surface roughness of Mars." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32744.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-36).
In this thesis, I created an algorithm to compensate for the saturation of data collected by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Saturation of the energy measurements had made it impossible to measure surface roughness at 100 m length scales. By calculating the returned energy, the problem of saturation can be avoided. This algorithm was applied to MOLA data across the Martian surface to create an estimate of surface roughness across the planet. The method calculates pulse spreading from returned pulse energy using the link equation. The accuracy of the method is limited by the accuracy of albedo measurements. This analysis improved the estimation of surface roughness on Mars. Further improvements could be gained by correcting for the opacity of atmospheric dust as a cause of pulse spreading.
by Andrew Benedict Mamo.
S.B.
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Beyer, Ross A. "Martian surface roughness and stratigraphy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290105.

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Orbital datasets can be combined and manipulated to learn about the three-dimensional structure of planetary surfaces, and the processes that have acted on them. The Mars Orbital Camera (MOC) is providing high-resolution images. These images allow qualitative inspection of features, and contain quantitative information about the shape of the surface. Using a photoclinometry technique derived from a lunar-Lambert photometric function, I am able to obtain estimates of the down-sun slope of each pixel in an image. This technique was calibrated against synthetic topography, compared to an area photoclinometry technique, and applied to the Viking and Pathfinder landing sites. It is a robust technique for obtaining the roughness and slope characteristics of large areas. It was applied to the potential landing sites for the Mars Exploration Rovers to evaluate site safety. The slopes from this point photoclinometry technique can be used to obtain a rough estimate of topography, which I used in a number of studies where topographic information was crucial. MOC images have shown that layering is pervasive on the martian surface. Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data can be registered to MOC images to provide elevation constraints on layer outcrops. Such layers are observed in eastern Coprates Chasma both in the chasma rim and in a flat-topped massif. Observations indicate that the chasma stratigraphy consists of thin sequences of resistant layers and intervening thicker sequences of relatively less resistant layers. More resistant units cap the massif against erosion and result in steeper slopes than the weaker units would otherwise allow. These resistant layers can be used as stratigraphic markers which have allowed me to measure the subsidence and tilting of the massif relative to the chasma walls, providing evidence for tectonic motion in this portion of the Valles Marineris. These outcrops indicate that some of these layers may be analogus to terristrial flood basalts in both composition and extent. I have constrained the dip angle of finely layered sequences in Ganges and Hebes Mensae. These layers are either flat lying or dip shallowly, but do not dip steeply, which places some constraints on the origin of these mensae.
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Fujiwara, Yuko. "Evaluation of wood surface roughness as related to tactile roughness." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145425.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11112号
農博第1442号
新制||農||898(附属図書館)
学位論文||H16||N3962(農学部図書室)
22662
UT51-2004-L909
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 奥村 正悟, 教授 増田 稔, 教授 池田 善郎
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Cinat, Paolo. "Surface roughness genomics in contact mechanics : a new method enabling roughness design towards surface prototyping." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2018. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/252/1/Cinat_phdthesis.pdf.

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In actual age of Industry 4.0, the miniaturization of mechanical components is becoming extremely sophisticated, thanks to enhancing techniques such as additive manufacturing technologies. This requires an efficient description of multi-scale roughness to properly characterize the interface contact problem. In this dissertation, a new approach called surface roughness genomics is proposed to uniquely characterize surfaces at different length scales, from the topological point of view. Similar to biological systems, where the biological information is encoded in DNA base pairs, surface roughness is decomposed in elementary waves, whose unique ensemble is the surface genome. The identification process of the real surfaces genome, the sequencing procedure, is based on the solution of a constrained convex optimization problem. A rough profile (chromosome), collecting the features of roughness at a fixed length-scale is isolated from the surface genome So, a rough profile is reconstructed by summing up subsequent chromosomes. The top-down and bottom-up approaches are pursued to reconstruct a rough profile, to quantify the role of specific multi-scale features in the frictional normal contact problem. New algorithms are then proposed to generate roughness morphology achieving a target mechanical response, enabling surface prototyping towards morphology real time control.Beside the mechanical contact problem, the fluid sealing between contacting bodiesis herein investigated by proposing a simple algorithm and applying it to a set of fractal rough surfaces. This algorithm evaluates the free networks involved in leakage process, considering different normal contact indentations at various surface resolutions.
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Liu, Yu. "Surface roughness generated boundary layer noise." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612403.

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Vandadi, Aref. "Optimization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Maintain Continuous Dropwise Condensation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500016/.

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In the past decade, the condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces has been investigated abundantly to achieve dropwise condensation. There is not a specific approach in choosing the size of the roughness of the superhydrophobic surfaces and it was mostly selected arbitrarily to investigate the behavior of condensates on these surfaces. In this research, we are optimizing the size of the roughness of the superhydrophobic surface in order to achieve dropwise condensation. By minimizing the resistances toward the transition of the tails of droplets from the cavities of the roughness to the top of the roughness, the size of the roughness is optimized. It is shown that by decreasing the size of the roughness of the superhydrophobic surface, the resistances toward the transition of the tails of droplets from Wenzel state to Cassie state decrease and consequently dropwise condensation becomes more likely.
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Ward, R. L. "Roughness measurements of machined workpieces." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314787.

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Isleyici, Umut. "Effect Of Surface Roughness On Ultrasonic Testing." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606937/index.pdf.

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This study investigates the effect of front surface roughness on ultrasonic echo amplitude. Experiments were carried out on specimens whose front surfaces are machined by milling machine. Machining parameters were changed in milling process in order to obtain desired roughness values and milling head was tilted to a very small angle to obtain periodic rough surfaces. Experiments were performed with these specimens having roughness value of 0.5, 4.5, 11, 26.5 µ
m. Ra. The back surface roughness of all specimens was kept constant at 1.5 µ
m Ra by grinding operation. 1.5, 2, 3, 4 mm. holes were drilled at constant depth and to same side of each specimen to represent reference discontinuities. Ultrasonic tests, using pulse echo technique were carried out to monitor echo amplitudes corresponding to different roughness values. The tests were also repeated by using different ultrasonic probes having different frequencies. For additional comparison, different couplants were used through the tests. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the reduction of the sound pressure level with the increase in the surface roughness. Although there was no uncertainty observed about not being able to detect discontinuity because of roughness but correct couplant and frequency selection has a positive effect on correctly sizing the discontinuity and at attenuation measurements. The results obtained with this work can be used as a guide for testing rough surfaces, predicting the effect on ultrasonic examination before testing and discontinuity detecting capability under rough surface conditions.
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Wu, Jiunn-Jong. "Surface roughness and its role in contact." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363100.

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Zhang, Cheng. "Influence of surface roughness on thermography measurement." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för automationssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-6842.

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This university Bachelor's Thesis was performed to explore the influence of surface roughness on the thermography measurement. Thermography is a non-destructive testing method which can be used to detect cracks. However, it is hard to define how the surface roughness influences the emissivity and the result of a thermography measurement, as well as how the angle of the excitation source influences the result. Therefore, this work aims to define how the heating angle and surface roughness influence the thermography measurement, define the relationship between surface roughness and emissivity for the same crack, and define the influence of the angles which composed of the heating source, the direction of crack and the direction of surface roughness on thermography measurement. In this report, the theories of radiation and Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were explained, clearly. Also, two kinds of experiments were set up. One is focus on how the heating angle influence the thermography measurement, the other is focus on how the angle of the heating source, in relation to the crack direction and the direction of surface roughness, influence the SNR value. The conclusions of these experiments are that the heating of a crack increases as the angle decreases (from wide side to narrow side) and the angle ofincreases (from horizontal to vertical). Moreover, the SNR value decreases as the surface roughness increases. For the same surface roughness, the SNR value increases with increased crack angle (0°, 45° or 90°) and with decreased sample position angle (horizontal, 45°or vertical). What is more, the higher surface roughness, the larger the influence of the crack angle and the sample position angle. Finally, when the surface is polish, the crack angle and the sample position angle does not have any influence.
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Books on the topic "Surface roughness"

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Maradudin, Alexei A., ed. Light Scattering and Nanoscale Surface Roughness. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35659-4.

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1950-, Mattsson Lars, ed. Introduction to surface roughness and scattering. Washington, D.C: Optical Society of America, 1989.

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A, Maradudin A., ed. Light scattering and nanoscale surface roughness. New York: Springer, 2007.

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Tripp, John H. Surface roughness effects in elastohydrodynamic contacts. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Rawat, Aseem Singh. Laser based surface roughness measuring instrument. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2005.

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Tripp, John H. Surface roughness effects in elastohydrodynamic contacts. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Bennett, Jean M. Introduction to surface roughness and scattering. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Optical Society of America, 1999.

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S, Janoff M., ed. Pavement roughness and rideability. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 1985.

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Internationales Oberflächenkolloquium (7th 1988 Karl-Marx-Stadt, Germany). VII. Internationales Oberflächenkolloquium: 8. bis 10. Februar 1988 in Karl-Marx-Stadt. Edited by Trumpold H, Meier Werner, and Technische Universität Karl-Marx-Stadt. Sektion Fertigungsprozess und Fertigungsmittel. Karl-Marx-Stadt: Der Rektor der Technischen Universität Karl-Marx-Stadt, 1988.

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Wieczorowski, Michał. Wykorzystanie analizy topograficznej w pomiarach nierówności powierzchni. Poznań: Wydawn. Politechniki Poznańskiej, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Surface roughness"

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Grohmann, Carlos H., and Henrik Hargitai. "Surface Roughness." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 1–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_633-1.

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Csanády, Etele, and Endre Magoss. "Surface Roughness." In Mechanics of Wood Machining, 211–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51481-5_8.

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Csanády, Etele, and Endre Magoss. "Surface Roughness." In Mechanics of Wood Machining, 167–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29955-1_8.

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Pont, S. C. "Surface Roughness." In Computer Vision, 781–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-31439-6_539.

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Pont, S. C. "Surface Roughness." In Computer Vision, 1225–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63416-2_539.

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Grohmann, Carlos H., and Henrik Hargitai. "Surface Roughness." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 2100–2103. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_633.

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Farr, Thomas. "Land Surface Roughness." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 311–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_76.

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Butler, David Lee. "Surface Roughness Measurement." In Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 3131–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5491-5_1506.

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Butler, David Lee. "Surface Roughness Measurement." In Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 1–7. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27758-0_1506-2.

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Bons, Jeffrey P. "Surface Roughness Effects." In Turbine Aerodynamics, Heat Transfer, Materials, and Mechanics, 613–54. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624102660.0613.0654.

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Conference papers on the topic "Surface roughness"

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Saillard, M. "Scattering of Electromagnetic Surface Waves by Rough Surfaces." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.sma6.

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The localization of classical waves, like electromagnetic or acoustic ones, has been widely studied for a few years [1]. For one- or two-dimensional systems, the localization of propagating modes is theoretically predicted at any non vanishing disorder. For instance, surface plasmon polaritons (SPP), which are extended modes of flat metallic surfaces, become localized in the presence of random roughness [2,3]. Localization of SPP on rough surfaces has important contributions to surface-enhanced phenomena [2] and gives birth to the phenomenon of enhanced backscattering for shallow surfaces [3]. But it seems that no experimental confirmation exists yet [1]. To my knowledge, no direct numerical evidence of localization has neither been published, since only backscattering peaks, considered as a signature of localization, are exhibited. Thanks to the model achieved in our laboratory [4], it is now possible.
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Blessing, G. V., J. C. Boudreaux, D. G. Eitzen, and J. A. Slotwinski. ""Ultrasonic Measurements of Surface Roughness"." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.stub1.

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We describe the use of pulsed ultrasound at MHz carrier frequencies to reflect and scatter from rough surfaces in an analogous way that light is used, comparing the results to stylus data. A principal application is to the manufacturing environment for on-line real-time sensor feedback and process control.
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Bristow, Thomas C. "Surface Measurements and Frequency Analysis." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.smb2.

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The measurement of surface roughness is typically an important parameter for describing the quality of fine finished parts. Examples include measurements of finely polished flat and curved optics, computer hard disks, semiconductor wafers and optical disks. Most often an RMS or RA roughness value is reported for the part, typically by the high spatial information. Other surface information can also be of interest, including mid-spatial roughness and figure information. Three basic surface profiles are generally used to define the surface, including total profile, waviness and roughness. A different approach is to examine the spatial information on the surface by using the power spectrum or the autocovariance function. Both of these functions can be calculated over any user selected spatial frequency region.
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4

Gu, Zu-Han, R. S. Dummer, H. M. Escamilla, E. R. Mendez, Alexei A. Maradudin, J. Q. Lu, T. Michel, and M. Nieto-Vesperinas. "Interaction of Two Optical Beams At a Symmetric Random Surface." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.sma2.

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In general, the optical field scattering from a randomly rough surface can be divided into a specular or coherent component, and a diffuse or incoherent one. It is also well known that optically rough surfaces extinguish the specular component and thus produce only diffuse light. In normal circumstances, the diffuse component is a smoothly varying envelope that modulates the speckle field. However, recently it has been reported that light scattered from randomly rough surfaces with even symmetry displays a very sharp peak in the specular direction.(1-2) The width of this peak is of order 2λ/L, where L represents the length of the illuminated portion of the surface, and λ represents the wavelength of the light. It must be stressed that this peak is not due to the presence of an unscattered component, as would be the case for a weakly scattering surface; the peak is part of the diffuse component. In previous work, this effect has been termed, in reflection, specular enhancement, and in transmission, enhanced refraction. In this paper, we shall refer to this effect as the specular enhancement.
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Gaspar, S. M., R. H. Krukar, K. P. Bishop, K. C. Hickman, L. M. Milner, S. S. H. Naqvi, and J. R. McNeil. "Applications of Light Scatter for Microelectronics Manufacturing." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.smc1.

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As the level of microelectronics integration increases, device design geometries decrease. For example, current state of the art fabrication lines for high performance devices (e.g. microprocessors and DRAMs) use design geometries with critical dimensions (CDs) of 0.8 μm and smaller. Further, SEMATECH's goal for 1993 is to have CDs of 0.35 μm in production capability; goals of 0.15 μm are being discussed for the late-1990s. This trend greatly reduces processing latitude in device fabrication and thus places even greater demands on materials properties and process control. For these goals to be met, there must be more diagnostics capabilities than presently exist. Optimal characteristics for diagnostics include being noncontact, nondestructive, simple, quantitative, rapid, and capable of being implemented in-situ.
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Church, E. L., and J. C. Stover. "Mueller matrix description of scattering." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.sma3.

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Scattering measurements of rough surfaces are usually made using linearly polarized light. There are four possibilities: ba = pp, sp, ps and ss, where a is the initial state of polarization and b is the final state. Such measurements may be adequate for determining the power spectral densities (PSDs) of smooth topographically rough surfaces, but they do not capture all of the information about the surface that can be obtained from polarimetric measurements.
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Church, E. L., and P. Z. Takacs. "Specification of surface finish in terms of system performance." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.sma1.

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Bawolek, E. J., and E. D. Hirleman. "Light Scattering by Sub-Half Micron Spherical Particles on Silicon and Oxide/Silicon Surfaces*." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.pd3.

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We report angle resolved light scattering characteristics of individual polystyrene spheres on silicon and on a 91.5 nm thick film of oxide on silicon. Scattering was measured as a function of polarization using a He-Ne laser at a 45 degree incident angle.
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Takacs, Peter Z., and Eugene L. Church. "Integrating Figure and Finish Measurements with Surface Profiling Instruments." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.stub3.

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Conventional figure measurement techniques are inadequate for testing aspheres for grazing incidence applications. Conventional techniques are best suited for optical components in the shape of flats, spheres, or conical surfaces of revolution, used mainly in normal incidence applications . These optics usually have their symmetry axis coincident with the local surface normal direction. Grazing incidence optics, on the other hand, are usually cylindrical, toroidal, or ellipsoidal in shape, with the symmetry axis intersection far outside the clear aperture. Such surfaces are not axisymmetric when viewed along their surface normals. They are highly anamorphic, having vastly different curvatures in the two directions parallel and perpendicular to the symmetry axis. It is extremely challenging to test these optical components during fabrication to insure that they indeed meet the specifications for figure and finish quality. It is because of the extreme difficulties involved in developing reliable tests with conventional interferometric techniques that we decided to use profiling techniques to characterize the figure and finish of synchrotron radiation (SR) optics.
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Bawolek, E. J., James B. Mohr, E. D. Hirleman, and A. Majumdar. "Light Scatter from Polysilicon Surfaces and Comparison with Surface Roughness Statistics by AFM*." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.pd2.

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Optical scatter measurements from polysilicon surfaces were performed using 632.8 nm illumination at 45 degrees and 488 nm illumination at 76.8 degrees. Scatter was recorded up to 60 degrees from the specular beam. Results are compared with surface statistics derived from Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
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Reports on the topic "Surface roughness"

1

Stupakov, Gennady. Surface Roughness Impedance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784801.

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2

Stupakov, Gennady. Surface Roughness Impedance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784831.

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Stanton, Brian, William Coburn, and Thomas J. Pizzillo. Armor Plate Surface Roughness Measurements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432918.

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Hwang, Paul A., David W. Wang, William J. Teague, Gregg A. Jacobs, and Joel Wesson. Anatomy of the Ocean Surface Roughness. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409487.

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Blaskiewicz, Michael. Simple formula for surface roughness wakes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1542781.

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Brown, Gary S. A New Composite Roughness Surface Scattering Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada248891.

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Brown, Gary S. A New Composite Roughness Surface Scattering Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada249810.

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Pierce, T. H. Approximations of Surface Roughness Effects for Airblast Calculations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201650.

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Ehrmann, Robert S., Benjamin Wilcox, Edward B. White, and David Charles Maniaci. Effect of Surface Roughness on Wind Turbine Performance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1596202.

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Zappa, Christopher J. Ocean Surface Wave Optical Roughness: Innovative Polarization Measurement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541219.

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