Journal articles: 'Surface properties of materials'

1

Shevchenko, V. M., N. A. Guts, A. Ye Shpak, and E. R. Surovtseva. "Basalt fiber based biocide materials." Surface 13(28) (December 30, 2021): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2021.13.182.

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It has long been known that materials containing cellulose fibers in their composition are destroyed by molds, microorganisms, actinomycetes, which use cellulose as a carbon source. Different fibrous materials to varying degrees (but always) are affected by molds. It is known that linseed and cotton types of paper are affected by the smallest number of fungi, and sulphate ones by the largest. The most biostable is cotton paper, the composition of which contains chalk in a sufficiently large amount. The observations carried out by the authors showed that the highest biostability (fungal resistance) is characteristic of papers containing chalk and kaolin, the lowest is glued types of paper with a high degree of sizing. Aging of paper with increasing temperature increases the overall susceptibility of all types of paper tested without exception. Obviously, changes in the physical and chemical properties of paper as a result of aging create more favorable conditions for the growth of fungi. It is well known that paper can serve as a medium for the spread of infectious diseases. The authors of the article studied the thermo-physical properties of basalt fiber and investigated the possibility of using it for the manufacture of heat-insulating technical paper.Obtaining materials that are not affected by bacteria, insects and molds (fungicidal,insecticidal) can be solved by using inorganic fibers, which are obtained from almost unlimited natural resources and which have excellent biochemical properties. It should be noted that the concept of "biocidal" paper (material) is collective. It combines species that differ in their ability to kill bacteria (bactericidal), molds (fungicidal), insects (insecticidal). Each of the biocidal types of materials has two or more of these properties.

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Meletis, E. I., and R. F. Hochman. "Corrosion Properties of Surface-Modified Materials." JOM 39, no. 12 (December 1987): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03257567.

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Vassilakos, N., and C. Pinheiro Fernandes. "Surface properties of elastomeric impression materials." Journal of Dentistry 21, no. 5 (October 1993): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-5712(93)90112-4.

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SUN, L., Y. ZHAO, W. M. HUANG, H. PURNAWALI, and Y. Q. FU. "WRINKLING ATOP SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS." Surface Review and Letters 19, no. 02 (April 2012): 1250010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x12500102.

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Many surface related properties, such as surface roughness, surface tension and reflection etc are heavily dependent on the surface morphology of materials. Patterned surfaces may have significant effects on these properties. In this paper, we compare wrinkles produced atop three different types of shape memory materials, namely, shape memory alloy, shape memory polymer and shape memory hybrid. We show the advantages and disadvantages of them in terms of the processing techniques and the resultant wrinkle patterns.

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Bondarenko, Dmitry, Iryna Plakhotnikova, Medeia Saliia, Olga Demina, and Alexander Bondarenko. "Surface active properties of silicate and aluminosilicate surfaces." MATEC Web of Conferences 230 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823003002.

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Liquid heat-insulation based on hollow microspheres and polymer compounds become more and more popular in the construction industry. This material enjoys indisputable technological advantages easiness of application, low mass, flexibility, good adhesion to different materials. Traditional non-organic heat insulating materials, widely presented on modern construction market, have some disadvantages. Foam concrete and gas silicate have relatively high average density, which enables obtaining items and materials with a fairly low thermal conductivity coefficient. These materials have high saturation coefficient and low values of cold endurance. Inside the mineral-wool plates, which are quite popular on the modern market, the hyperfine fibers transform into dust particles by time, and agglutinative compounds destruct, releasing toxic substances. The aluminosilicate microspheres have a high potential as a commercial product, but their market has just started forming. According to rough calculations, the cost of the product is next lower order to the hollow microspheres, obtained by industrial methods.

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Bernardy, Castine, and James Malley. "Virus Behavior after UV254 Treatment of Materials with Different Surface Properties." Microorganisms 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2023): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092157.

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The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the limitations in scientific and engineering understanding of applying germicidal UV to surfaces. This study combines surface characterization, viral retention, and the related UV dose response to evaluate the effectiveness of UV254 as a viral inactivation technology on five surfaces: aluminum, ceramic, Formica laminate, PTFE and stainless steel. Images of each surface were determined using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), which produced a detailed characterization of the surfaces at a nanometer scale. From the SEM images, the surface porosity of each material was calculated. Through further analysis, it was determined that surface porosity, surface roughness, contact angle, and zeta potential correlate to viral retention on the material. The imaging revealed that the aluminum surface, after repeated treatment, is highly oxidized, increasing surface area and surface porosity. These interactions are important as they prevent the recovery of MS-2 without exposure to UV254. The dose response curve for PTFE was steeper than ceramic, Formica laminate and stainless steel, as inactivation to the detection limit was achieved at 25 mJ/cm2. These findings are consistent with well-established literature indicating UV reflectivity of PTFE is maximized. Statistical testing reinforced that the efficacy of UV254 for surface inactivation varies by surface type.

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Mozetič, Miran. "Surface Modification to Improve Properties of Materials." Materials 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030441.

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Surface properties of modern materials are usually inadequate in terms of wettability, adhesion properties, biocompatibility etc., so they should be modified prior to application or any further processing such as coating with functional materials. Both the morphological properties and chemical structure/composition should be modified in order to obtain a desired surface finish. Various treatment procedures have been employed, and many are based on the application of non-equilibrium gaseous media, especially gaseous plasma. Although such treatments have been studied extensively in past decades and actually commercialized, the exact mechanisms of interaction between reactive gaseous species and solid materials is still inadequately understood. This special issue provides recent trends in nanostructuring and functionalization of solid materials with the goal of improving their functional properties.

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Assender, H. "How Surface Topography Relates to Materials' Properties." Science 297, no. 5583 (August 9, 2002): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1074955.

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Voinea, M., C. Vladuta, C. Bogatu, and A. Duta. "Surface properties of copper based cermet materials." Materials Science and Engineering: B 152, no. 1-3 (August 2008): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2008.06.020.

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Triantafyllidis, D., L. Li, and F. H. Stott. "Surface properties of laser-treated ceramic materials." Thin Solid Films 453-454 (April 2004): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2003.11.079.

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Hrázský, J., and P. Král. "A contribution to the properties of combined plywood materials." Journal of Forest Science 53, No. 10 (January 7, 2008): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2087-jfs.

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The paper summarizes the results of institutional research aimed at new types of combined plywood materials. Under pilot plant conditions, three variants of combined plywood materials were pressed, namely with the layer of fibreglass, with a core cork layer and with a cork wear layer on one side of the plywood surface and a cork core. Tests of selected physical and mechanical properties were carried out on these materials including the basic statistical evaluation. Comparisons with plywood materials Multiplex 15 and 20 mm in thickness were also made.

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Yurov, Victor M., Vladimir I. Goncharenko, Vladimir S. Oleshko, and Anatoly V. Ryapukhin. "Calculating the Surface Layer Thickness and Surface Energy of Aircraft Materials." Inventions 8, no. 3 (April 28, 2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions8030066.

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The surface layer determines the physical properties of aviation materials and, based on these properties, the calculation of surface energy anisotropy can be implemented. Moreover, the value of the surface energy determines the service time and the destruction of aircraft structures surface layer, while the surface layer thickness determines the distance at which this process usually takes place. In this work, a new atomically smooth crystal empirical model is built without considering the surface roughness. This model can be used to theoretically predict the surface energy anisotropy and surface layer thickness of metals and other compounds, in particular the aviation materials. The work shows that the surface layer of an atomically smooth metal, like other compounds, consists of two nanostructured layers: d(I) and d(II). Having sufficient accuracy, the proposed model would allow the prediction of aviation materials performance properties without the need for ultrahigh vacuum or other complicated theoretical methods to analyze the surfaces of nanosystem atomic structures.

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Drach, I., M. Dykha, O. Babak, and O. Kovtun. "Modeling surface structure of tribotechnical materials." Problems of Tribology 29, no. 1/111 (March 19, 2024): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2024-111-1-16-24.

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Modern tribology makes it possible to correctly calculate, diagnose, predict and select appropriate materials for friction pairs, to determine the optimal mode of operation of the tribo-joint. The main parameter for solving friction problems and other problems of tribology is the topography of the surface. The main purpose of the models in these tasks is to display the tribological properties of engineering surfaces. In the framework of the classical approach, the topography of the surface is studied on the basis of its images from the point of view of functional and statistical characteristics: the evaluation of the functional characteristics is based on the maximum roughness along the height and the average roughness along the center line, and the statistical characteristics are estimated using the power spectrum or the autocorrelation function. However, these characteristics are not only surface properties. They depend on the resolution of the device for measuring the surface geometry and the length of the scan. However, the degree of complexity of a surface shape can be represented by a parameter called the fractal dimension: a higher degree of complexity has a larger value of this parameter. Fractal dimensionality is a characteristic of surface relief and makes it possible to explain tribological phenomena without the influence of resolution. This article provides an overview of mathematical approaches to the description of the relief of engineering surfaces, in particular statistical, stochastic and topological modeling, their limitations, advantages and disadvantages. The implementation of the principles of the theory of fractal structures is discussed, which makes it possible to introduce the degree of imbalance of the tribological system into the analysis of structure formation in the surface and near-surface layers of materials and to describe the development of friction and wear processes. This is the basis for controlling the structure of the surface layers of materials with given properties. The concept of fractals, used for the quantitative description of the dissipative structure of the tribojunction zone, makes it possible to establish a connection between its fractal dimension and mechanical properties, as well as critical states of deformation of metals and alloys. The course of research and stages of fractal modeling, the classification of methods of fractal analysis of the structure of engineering contact surfaces are considered. A critical analysis of modern models based on the energy-spectral density function, which are quite similar to fractal models, is presented. Readers are expected to gain an overview of research developments in existing modeling methods and directions for future research in the field of tribology

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He, Liang, Vicky Lai Lai So, and John H. Xin. "Dopamine polymerization-induced surface colouration of various materials." RSC Adv. 4, no. 39 (2014): 20317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra00098f.

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Yoshino, Masahiko, and Nobuyuki Moronuki. "Special Issue on Novel Fabrication Processes for Tailored Functional Materials and Surfaces." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 2 (March 5, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0147.

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The properties of a mechanical material depend not only on its chemical components but also on the micro/nano structures of its surface and interior. Attempts have been made in recent years to develop new surface/material functions through mechanical processes. For example, technologies to control various characteristics, such as friction, water repellency, and optical properties, have been developed by constructing micro/nano periodic structures on the surfaces of materials. Since these properties depend on the geometry of the surface morphology, micro/nano fabrication processes can produce a variety of properties. This indicates that the surface properties and material properties of portions of the materials can be controlled to reach optimal conditions required by machine product design. This technology is expected to lead to the advanced production of products integrating design, manufacturing, and materials in an organic way. Here, we call the materials and surfaces with their properties arbitrarily controlled in accordance with machine design “tailored functional materials and surfaces.” This special issue features various studies and reports related to tailored functional materials and surfaces, and it includes 12 related papers and a review. They cover processing technologies that create and control various surface functions, such as water repellency, friction, biological and chemical reactions, and optical properties. They indicate the possibilities and future of new precision processing technologies. We deeply appreciate all the authors and reviewers for their efforts and contributions. We also hope that this special issue will encourage further research on tailored functional surfaces.

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16

Pavlovskyy, Yuriy. "Laser surface modification of materials." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 7, no. 1-2 (2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2021.01-02.054.

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To develop any process of laser technology, you need to solve 3 problems: 1) What are the properties of the interaction of laser radiation with matter must be selected to achieve the goal (resonant – non-resonant, absorption-scattering, photo- or thermal absorption, heating, hardening, melting, softening, evaporation, decomposition, coagulation, etc.); 2) What type of laser source should be used to achieve this goal (wavelength, operation mode – continuous or pulse-frequency, power, pulse duration, transverse energy distribution in the beam, coherence, monochromaticity, polarization, etc. taking into account the reliability, stability of the process and its value, and how to calculate and verify these parameters ?; 3) What are the requirements for the transverse and longitudinal shape of the beam and what opto-mechanical, opto-electronic and other systems are needed to solve this problem? Successful solution of these problems hardens the high quality of the result of the application of laser technology of materials processing. The aim of this work is to show the effectiveness of laser surface treatment of materials on their micromechanical properties. The surface of the samples was treated with laser radiation using a pulsed neodymium laser YAG: Nd. Vickers microhardness measurements were then performed. The surface of silicon carbide was irradiated with a laser beam with different technical parameters. The micromechanical characteristics of the treated samples were studied and their comparison with the source material was made. Suggestions for laser modification of mechanical properties of superhard materials are made. Alloying of aluminum with titanium nitride impurities by pulsed laser irradiation was performed. A significant increase in microhardness in the field of laser fusion of titanium nitride nanopowder into the aluminum matrix was revealed. We have thus shown that laser treatment of structural and functional materials is an effective method of controlling their properties. A set of experimental studies, in particular, structural, optical, and magnetic, will be conducted to physically substantiate the established results. In this paper, we have expressed our views, citing well-known literature sources.

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Semchuk, O. Yu, T. Gatti, and S. Osella. "Carbon based hybrid nanomaterials: overview and challenges ahead." SURFACE 14(29) (December 30, 2022): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2022.14.078.

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In recent years, many new materials have been developed and prepared to improve the performance of light-harvesting technologies and to develop new and attractive applications. The problem of stability of long-term operation of various optoelectronic devices based on organic materials, both conjugated polymers and small molecules of organic semiconductors (SMOSs), is becoming relevant now. One way to solve this problem is to use carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes and a large family of graphene-based materials, which have enhanced stability, in carefully designed nanohybrid or nanocomposite architectures that can be integrated into photosensitive layers and where their potential is not yet know fully disclosed. Recently, a new trend has been seen in this direction - the use of nanoscale materials for, first of all, the conversion of light into electricity. The main goal of this approach is to rationally design stable and highly efficient carbon-based hybrid nanomaterials for optoelectrical applications, namely light harvesting/electricity conversion, which can be implemented in real optoelectrical devices. In this review, we will discuss the theoretical and experimental foundations of the hybridization of carbon nanostructures (CNSs) with other materials to reveal new optoelectronic properties and provide an overview of existing examples in the literature that will predict interesting future perspectives for use in future devices.

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Haś, Z., and A. Nakonieczny. "Mechanical Properties of Surface Strengthened Materials and Designing of Surface Layers." Acta Physica Polonica A 89, no. 2 (February 1996): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.89.155.

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Tao, N. R., Jian Lu, and K. Lu. "Surface Nanocrystallization by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment." Materials Science Forum 579 (April 2008): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.579.91.

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Based on strain-induced grain refinement, a novel surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) technique has been developed to synthesize a nanostructured surface layer on metallic materials in order to upgrade their overall properties and performance without changing their chemical compositions. In recent several years, the microstructures and properties of surface layer were systematically investigated in various SMAT metals and alloys, including b.c.c., f.c.c. and h.c.p. crystal structures. Different grain refinement approaches and nanocrystalline formation mechanisms were identified in these deformed materials, involving dislocation activities, mechanical twinning and interaction of dislocations with mechanical twins. The properties of the surface layer were measured by means of hardness, tensile, fatigue and wear tests. The enhanced properties of the surface layer are mainly attributed to the strain-induced grain refinement. In this work, we reviewed the microstructures and properties of surface layer in the SMAT materials.

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Et al., Jaafar. "Investigation of Superhydrophobic/Hydrophobic Materials Properties Using Electrospinning Technique." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 0632. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.3.0632.

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The aim of this research is to study the surface alteration characteristics and surface morphology of the superhydrophobic/hydrophobic nanocomposite coatings prepared by an electrospinning method to coat various materials such as glass and metal. This is considered as a low cost method of fabrication for polymer solutions of Polystyrene (PS), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and Silicone Rubber (RTV). Si were prepared in various wt% of composition for each solutions. Contact angle measurement, surface tension, viscosity, roughness tests were calculated for all specimens. SEM showed the morphology of the surfaces after coated. PS and PMMA showed superhydrophobic properties for metal substrate, while Si showed hydrophobic characteristics for both metal and glass substrate. Polymer solution of (15%Si/Thinner (Th)) owned best roughness for glass substrate and polymer solution of (4%PMMA/Tetrahydrofuran (THF)) owned best roughness for metal substrate.

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Sridhar, Sundergopal. "Tungsten Oxide-based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications." Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Open Access 8, no. 4 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nnoa-16000274.

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Non-stoichiometric compounds of tungsten oxides that are abundant on the earth received extensive attention in electrochromic devices, electrochemistry, photothermal conversion, gas sensors, and photocatalysis because of their unique physicochemical structures and highly tunable structures. Because of its high colouring efficiency, quick optical reaction time, and reversible colour changes, tungsten oxide (WO3 ), along with various oxidation states of oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide (WO3-x), has been identified as one of the mainly effective possibilities for electrochromic materials among transition metal oxides. For example, one-dimensional nanostructures of WO3-x such as nanotubes, nanowires, and nanorods, have gotten huge attention due to their unique electrical, optoelectrical, and optical properties. Additionally, distinct oxygen-deficient tungsten oxides (WO3-x) - WO2.72, WO2.83, and WO2.9, for example - have significant light absorption characteristics up to the near-infrared (NIR) region and a stable crystal phase, which sets them apart from surface-reduced WO3 . Out of these, reduced tungsten oxide (WO2.72) is one of the most studied owing to promising properties such as unusual defect structures and abundant oxygen vacancies. These oxygen vacancies create new discrete energy bands below the conduction band thus narrowing its bandgap The other series of tungsten-based materials is tungsten bronze (MxWO3 , where M= Na, Cs, K, Rb, etc) which has mixed-valence states. These are the materials that are explored less but have excellent properties as compared to WO3 . So, in this review, the applications, synthesis methods, and properties of MxWO3 and WO2.72 are studied in detail.

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Synytsia, A. O., O. E. Sych, V. S. Zenkov, O. I. Khomenko, V. G. Kolesnichenko, T. E. Babutina, and I. G. Kondratenko. "Investigation of water vapor adsorption kinetics on hydroxyapatite/magnetite/chitosan biocomposites." Surface 15(30) (December 30, 2023): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2023.15.097.

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The work is devoted to the investigation of the morphology and adsorption properties of powder composites based on biogenic hydroxyapatite modified by magnetite (1, 5, 25, 50 wt. %) of various types (synthesis methods) and chitosan. The morphology of the powders evaluated using SEM micrographs and AMIS software is characterized by a uniform distribution of particles size and shape. It was established that the use of magnetite synthesized by chemical precipitation in the amount of 1-5% allows to obtain composite materials with a particle size in a narrower size range. Analysis of the kinetics of adsorption-desorption processes showed that the adsorption of water vapor is directly related to the ratio of hydroxyapatite and magnetite, increasing with increasing magnetite content. In addition, it is shown that the adsorption process for composites modified by magnetite obtained by the chemical precipitation method proceeds uniformly, while for composites containing magnetite obtained by the thermal decomposition method, three consecutive stages of the adsorption process are characteristic: rapid linear increase in mass, gradual inhibition of the adsorption process and stabilization of the mass of the material. The evaluation of the increase in mass also indicates a connection with the ratio of hydroxyapatite and magnetite, increasing with increasing magnetite content, which confirms the presence of physicochemical processes of interaction of gas molecules with the active centers of the molecules of the studied materials. DTGA also shows that the type of magnetite in an amount of more than 25% significantly affects the mass loss of composites during heat treatment up to 1000 °C, which is related to the initial characteristics of the magnetite used. The presented results in combination with previously obtained physicomechanical and biochemical properties testify to the prospects of biogenic hydroxyapatite/magnetite/chitosan composite materials for medicine.

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Shtanko, Oles, and Leonid Levitov. "Robustness and universality of surface states in Dirac materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 23 (May 22, 2018): 5908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722663115.

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Ballistically propagating topologically protected states harbor exotic transport phenomena of wide interest. Here we describe a nontopological mechanism that produces such states at the surfaces of generic Dirac materials, giving rise to propagating surface modes with energies near the bulk band crossing. The robustness of surface states originates from the unique properties of Dirac–Bloch wavefunctions which exhibit strong coupling to generic boundaries. Surface states, described by Jackiw–Rebbi-type bound states, feature a number of interesting properties. Mode dispersion is gate tunable, exhibiting a wide variety of different regimes, including nondispersing flat bands and linear crossings within the bulk bandgap. The ballistic wavelike character of these states resembles the properties of topologically protected states; however, it requires neither topological restrictions nor additional crystal symmetries. The Dirac surface states are weakly sensitive to surface disorder and can dominate edge transport at the energies near the Dirac point.

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Baier, Robert E. "Correlations of Materials Surface Properties with Biological Responses." Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 05, no. 01 (2015): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsemat.2015.51005.

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MIYASHITA, Takaaki, Takashi MAENO, and Yoshimune NONOMURA. "Tactile Feels and Surface Properties of Biological Materials." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 84, no. 5 (2011): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.84.169.

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MATSUMOTO, Yuji, and Ken-ichi TANAKA. "The Synthesis and Properties of New Surface Materials." Hyomen Kagaku 19, no. 10 (1998): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.19.635.

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Petersen, DR, RE Link, AC Batista, and AM Dias. "Characterization of Mechanical Properties in Surface-Treated Materials." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 28, no. 3 (2000): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte12097j.

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Zandavi, S. H., and C. A. Ward. "Contact angles and surface properties of nanoporous materials." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 407 (October 2013): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.06.062.

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Bogatyrov, V. M., M. V. Borysenko, M. V. Galaburda, and O. I. Oranska. "Synthesis and properties of nanocomposites based on zinc phosphate and fumed silica." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.179.

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The aim of the work was to synthesize nanocomposites based on pyrogenic silica and zinc phosphate by a simple method without using a large amount of solvent and to study the characteristics and properties of the obtained materials. The dual systems of zinc phosphate/pyrogenic silica with the different ratio of components were synthesized via mechanical grinding in a porcelain drum ball mill of fumed silica (Orysyl A-380), zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O) and phosphoric acid with distilled water, followed by air-drying in an oven at 125 °C (2 h) and calcination in a muffle oven at 450 °C for 2 h. The zinc phosphate content was 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mmol per 1 g of SiO2. The control sample (ZP-K) was synthesized by thermal treatment of the precipitate, formed after mixing on a magnetic stirrer an aqueous solution of zinc acetate with the addition dropwise of phosphoric acid, without the use of SiO2. X-ray diffraction studies of the nanocomposites confirmed the formation of the crystalline phase of Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O (orthorhombic modification) both in the silica-containing and control ZP-K samples after air drying at 125 °C, while heat treatment at 450 °C leaded to the formation of the anhydrous monoclinic Zn3(PO4)2 phase. The content of the zinc phosphate in the dual composites was 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mmol per 1 g of SiO2. The IR spectra of the nanocomposites indicated the presence of absorption bands in the range of 3760-3600 cm-1, which were attributed to the unequal structural ‒OH groups of silicon and phosphorus atoms. It was found that the presence of zinc phosphate on the SiO2 surface does not cause the chemical interaction with silica during heat treatment of composites in air even at 900-1000 °C. It was shown that the ability of Zn3(PO4)2/SiO2 composites to adsorb water vapor decreases with increasing amount of modifying compound. The effect of the obtained phosphorus-containing nanocomposite on the thermal stability of an alkyd polymer matrix was considered.

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Zhang, Ling, Xiaoying Zeng, Tiandong Zhang, Weiyao Hu, Rui Gao, Jianyun Yang, and Zhaolin Zhan. "Porous Properties and Surface Chemical Properties of the Modified Biomass Materials." ENVIRONMENTAL AND EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.030102.

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Torii, Tashiyuki, and Akira Matsuba. "OS11W0266 Fatigue fracture properties in surface film-bonded materials using pure copper and commercial grade iron films." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS11W0266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os11w0266.

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Krupska, T. V., V. M. Gun'ko, I. S. Protsak, I. I. Gerashchenko, A. P. Golovan, N. Yu Klymenko, V. V. Turov, and M. T. Kartel. "Properties of composite systems based on polymethylsiloxane and silica in the water environment." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 100–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.100.

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The formation of a composite system based on equal amounts of hydrophobic, porous polymethylsiloxane and hydrophilic nanosilicon A-300 was studied. It is shown that during the formation of a composite system the specific surface of the material is significantly reduced, which is due to the close contact between hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles. When water is added to the composite system, in the process of homogenization under conditions of dosed mechanical loading, the effect of nanocoagulation is manifested – the formation of nanosized particles of hydrated silica inside the polymethylsiloxane matrix, recorded on TEM microphotographs. When measuring the value of the interfacial energy of PMS and PMS/A-300 composite by low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy, it was found that the effect of nanocoagulation is manifested in a decrease (compared to the original PMS) energy of water interaction with the surface of the composite obtained under small mechanical conditions. its growth when using high mechanical loads. In the process, the binding of water in heterogeneous systems containing PMS, pyrogenic nanosilica (A-300), water and surfactants – decamethoxine (DMT) was studied. Composite systems were created using metered mechanical loads. It is shown that when filling the interparticle gaps of PMS by the method of hydrosealing, the interphase energy of water in the interparticle gaps of hydrophobic PMS with the same hydration is twice the interfacial energy of water in hydrophilic silica A-300. This is due to the smaller linear dimensions of the interparticle gaps in PMS compared to A-300. In the composite system, A-300/PMS/DMT/H2O there are non-additive growth of binding energy of water, which is probably due to the formation, under the influence of mechanical stress in the presence of water, microheterogeneous areas consisting mainly of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components (microcoagulation). Thus, with the help of mechanical loads, you can control the adsorption properties of composite systems and create new materials with unique adsorption properties.

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MÄÄTTÄ, J., H.-R. KYMÄLÄINEN, and M. HELLSTEDT. "Properties and cleanability of new and traditional agricultural surface materials." Agricultural and Food Science 17, no. 3 (December 4, 2008): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960608786118776.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate new and traditional surface materials for use in cattle barns. The evaluated concrete materials had different compositions and included different additives and coatings. Contact angle meter, optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy SEM were used for characterization of surface properties. Radiochemical methods and a biochemical adenosine triphosphate ATP method were used to determine cleanability. A specific methodological aim was to examine the correlations between these determination methods. A statistically significant difference was observed between contact angles of non-coated concretes, coated concretes and joint materials. In general, coatings smoothened surfaces and the joint materials were the roughest surfaces, as illustrated by profilometry and SEM. On the basis of the radiochemical determination methods, coatings improved the cleanability of concrete. An epoxy joint material was cleaned efficiently from the oil model soil and from the labelled feed soil when compared to the two cement-based joint materials. According to the results of the biochemical ATP method the manure test soil was cleaned better from a concrete including inorganic sealant than from the other materials examined. The cleanability results of oil model soil used in the radiochemical method correlated with the results of the test feed soil used in the biochemical ATP method. Both determination methods of cleanability appeared to be suitable for examining the cleanability of surfaces soiled with agricultural soils. Only the radiochemical determination gives detailed quantitative results, but it can be used only in laboratory studies. The results of this laboratory study will be used for selecting materials for a pilot study in a cattle barn.;

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Whitehead, Kathryn A., Mohsin Amin, Ted Deisenroth, Christopher M. Liauw, and Joanna Verran. "Interfacial Surface Properties of Compression Moulded Hydrolysed Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) Using Different Release Materials." Symmetry 14, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14102063.

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Understanding the effect surface production has on polymer properties is important in the design of advanced materials. The aim of this study was to determine how the moulding process affected the rate of hydrolysis and the topography, chemistry and physicochemistry of PVAc moulded, hydrolysed surfaces. Three different mould surface materials were used to produce compression moulded PVAc sheets which were treated with aqueous NaOH at a range of concentrations. The Textile moulded sheet demonstrated the best hydrolysis results. The topography of the moulded sheets was transferred to the surfaces and the Kapton release sheet was visually smooth at lower magnification and demonstrated some pitting at higher magnification. The Teflon surface had features transferred from the coated stainless steel at lower magnifications and linear features at higher magnifications and the textile surface had a wrinkled appearance and irregularly spaced peaks. The release sheet used to mould the PVAc surfaces, affected the physicochemical parameters. The Kapton moulded surface demonstrated the most polar attributes and the Teflon surface the most dispersive. It was clear that the selection of the mould material had an influence on surface properties and hydrolysis of moulded PVAc. Such information is important for engineering design in industrial processes.

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Hao, Sheng Zhi, B. Gao, Ai Min Wu, Jian Xin Zou, Ying Qin, Chuang Dong, and Q. F. Guan. "Surface Treatment of Materials with High Current Pulsed Electron Beam." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3959.

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High current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) is now becoming a promising energetic source for the surface treatment of materials. When the concentrated electron flux transferring its energy into a very thin surface layer within a short pulse time, superfast processes such as heating, melting, evaporation and consequent solidification, as well as dynamic stress field induced by an abrupt thermal distribution in the interactive zone impart surface layer with improved physicochemical and mechanical properties. The present paper reports mainly our experimental research work on this new-style technique. Investigations performed with a variety of constructional materials (aluminum, carbon and mold steel, magnesium alloys) have shown that the most pronounced changes of composition, microstructure and properties occur in the near-surface layers, while the thickness of the modified layer with improved mechanical properties (several hundreds of micrometers) is significantly greater than that of the heat-affected zone due to the propagation of stress wave. The surfaces treated with either simply several pulses of bombardment or complex techniques, such as rapid alloying by HCPEB can exhibit improved mechanical and physicochemical properties to some extent.

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Kolska, Zdenka, Monika Benkocka, Tereza Knapova, Nikola Slepickova Kasalkova, Katerina Kolarova, Petr Slepicka, and Vaclav Svorcik. "Surface Treatment of Materials for Variable Applications and Surface Properties and Characterization." Manufacturing Technology 16, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/mt/16/5/949.

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Ralls, Alessandro M., Pankaj Kumar, and Pradeep L. Menezes. "Tribological Properties of Additive Manufactured Materials for Energy Applications: A Review." Processes 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010031.

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Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained much traction due to its processing advantages over traditional manufacturing methods. However, there are limited studies which focus on process optimization for surface quality of AM materials, which can dictate mechanical, thermal, and tribological performance. For example, in heat-transfer applications, increased surface quality is advantageous for reducing wear rates of vibrating tubes as well as increasing the heat-transfer rates of contacting systems. Although many post-processing and in situ manufacturing techniques are used in conjunction with AM techniques to improve surface quality, these processes are costly and time-consuming compared to optimized processing techniques. With improved as-built surface quality, particles tend to be better fused, which allows for greater wear resistance from contacting tube surfaces. Additionally, improved surface quality can reduce the entropy and exergy generated from flowing fluids, in turn increasing the thermodynamic efficiency of heat-transferring devices. This review aims to summarize the process-optimizing methods used in AM for metal-based heat exchangers and the importance of as-built surface quality to its performance and long-term energy conservation. The future directions and current challenges of this field will also be covered, with suggestions on how research in this topic can be improved.

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Plavan, Viktoriia, Natalia Tarasenko, and Iryna Lisovska. "APPLICATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS WITH SORPTION PROPERTIES IN WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 4(34) (2023): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2023-4(34)-129-137.

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The algorithm for the technological process of obtaining a chemisorption composite material based on waste chemical fibers filled with clay powders for the purification of wastewater from heavy metal ions has been developed. Non-woven mate-rials obtained from polyurethane-polyamide chemical fiber waste were used as a basis in the work. To increase the mechanical strength, they were fastenedby the needle punching method with a knitted fabric with a surface density of 240g/m2, which was made by plaited weaving using cotton yarn with a linear density of 25 texand polyethylene complex threads with a linear density of 16.5 tex on a single-font circular knitting machine of the MS type. To strengthen the sorption capacity, clay powders of the montmorillonite type were introduced into the fibrous base in the form of filled dispersions of starch (2-3%) or polyvinyl alcohol (3%) in the amount of 5 to 10% of the mass of the dispersion.Sorption-filtering fibrous material filled with clay minerals can be used for wastewater treatment of light and chemical industry enterprises. The use of clay minerals through their introduction into the fibrous base will reduce the hydraulic re-sistance of the sorbent layer, without using a sorbent of coarse fractions, which will preserve the area of the active absorbing surface. Wastewater treatment can be carried out by passing water through a sorption-filtering element. Cleaning installations can accommodate several sorption-filtering elements at the same time, which increases the efficiency of water purification. It is possible to usechemisorption composite material for cleaning silted drains without the threat of adsorbent clogging, and in return water supply systems, which will reduce the risk of depositing mineral salts on the walls of water purification equipment and ensure high-quality operation of treatment facilities.

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Benčina, Metka, Matic Resnik, Pia Starič, and Ita Junkar. "Use of Plasma Technologies for Antibacterial Surface Properties of Metals." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051418.

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Bacterial infections of medical devices present severe problems connected with long-term antibiotic treatment, implant failure, and high hospital costs. Therefore, there are enormous demands for innovative techniques which would improve the surface properties of implantable materials. Plasma technologies present one of the compelling ways to improve metal’s antibacterial activity; plasma treatment can significantly alter metal surfaces’ physicochemical properties, such as surface chemistry, roughness, wettability, surface charge, and crystallinity, which all play an important role in the biological response of medical materials. Herein, the most common plasma treatment techniques like plasma spraying, plasma immersion ion implantation, plasma vapor deposition, and plasma electrolytic oxidation as well as novel approaches based on gaseous plasma treatment of surfaces are gathered and presented. The latest results of different surface modification approaches and their influence on metals’ antibacterial surface properties are presented and critically discussed. The mechanisms involved in bactericidal effects of plasma-treated surfaces are discussed and novel results of surface modification of metal materials by highly reactive oxygen plasma are presented.

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Shekhawat, Deepshikha, Maximilian Vauth, and Jörg Pezoldt. "Size Dependent Properties of Reactive Materials." Inorganics 10, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10040056.

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The nature of the self-sustained reaction of reactive materials is dependent on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the reacting materials. These properties behave differently at the nano scale. Low-dimensional nanomaterials have various unusual size dependent transport properties. In this review, we summarize the theoretical and experimental reports on the size effect on melting temperature, heat capacity, reaction enthalpy, and surface energy of the materials at nano scale because nanomaterials possess a significant change in large specific surface area and surface effect than the bulk materials. According to the theoretical analysis of size dependent thermodynamic properties, such as melting temperature, cohesive energy, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of metallic nanoparticles and ultra-thin layers varies linearly with the reciprocal of the critical dimension. The result of this scaling relation on the material properties can affect the self-sustained reaction behavior in reactive materials. Resultant, powder compacts show lower reaction propagation velocities than bilayer system, if the particle size of the reactants and the void density is decreased an increase of the reaction propagation velocity due to an enhanced heat transfer in reactive materials can be achieved. Standard theories describing the properties of reactive material systems do not include size effects.

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Khodyrevskaya, Yulia, Yuliya Kudryavtseva, Gennady Remnev, and Sergei Tverdokhlebov. "Effect of Plasma-Based Chemical Modification on Wettability of Polymer Materials for Cardiovascular Surgery." Advanced Materials Research 1085 (February 2015): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1085.419.

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A method to modify polymer surface properties responsible for wettability and surface free energy has been proposed. Plasma-based chemical modification of polymer surfaces with gas discharges allows adjusting their functional properties. The main changes in polymer wettability occur within short-term exposure of polymer surfaces to pulsed plasma at atmospheric pressure (1-60 sec). The contact angle values for the modified polymers depend on the gaseous medium and the conditions of the plasma processing. Changing the power, the pulse repetition rate and plasma exposure time allow controlling the free surface energy, making the surface either hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

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Guo, Iris W., Idah C. Pekcevik, Michael C. P. Wang, Brandy K. Pilapil, and Byron D. Gates. "Colloidal core–shell materials with ‘spiky’ surfaces assembled from gold nanorods." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 60 (2014): 8157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc02410a.

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Colloidal particles are prepared with a ‘spiky’ surface topography achieved by the self-assembly of gold nanorods onto the surfaces of spherical polystyrene cores. These core–shell assemblies exhibit surface plasmon resonance properties and serve as a platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements.

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KARIYA, Shota, and Tatsuro MORITA. "OS12-3 Influence of Fine Particle Bombarding on Surface Properties of Metals with Different Crystallographic Structure(Mechanical properties of nano- and micro-materials-1,OS12 Mechanical properties of nano- and micro-materials,MICRO AND NANO MECHANICS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.185.

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Iqbal, Muhammad, J. I. Akhter, A. Qayyum, Y. Javed, M. Rafiq, and A. A. Khuram. "Surface Modification and Characterization of Bulk Amorphous Materials." Key Engineering Materials 510-511 (May 2012): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.510-511.43.

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Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are well known for their promising properties. Surface properties can be further improved by using certain techniques such as electron beam melting (EBM), laser beam melting (LBM), ion irradiation, ion implantation and neutron irradiation. BMGs especially Zr-based BMGs have numerous applications as structural materials. In this manuscript, the results are presented on microstructural investigations and phase formations in Zr-based BMGs modified by using above mentioned techniques. Microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase analysis was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Vickers hardness was measured and correlated with the microstructure. The phases identified in Zr-Cu-Al-Ni alloy samples modified by EBM, LBM and ion irradiation are Ni-Zr, NiZr2, CuZr2, Cu10Zr7 and Al2NiZr6. ZrSi2 phase was detected in Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 and Zr65Cu17Ni10Al8 BMGs irradiated with Si+ (ions). About 20-35 % increase in hardness and elastic moduli was achieved by surface modification. Modifications of BMGs by electron and laser beams melted the materials surfaces while ion irradiation improved the mechanical properties of localized zones without melting.

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Pei, Guang Yu, Dong Li, and Kai Bin Li. "Properties of Metallic Materials after Surface Self Nano-Crystallization." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.416.

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Surface Self-nanocrystallization (SSNC) can produce nanometer grains (10~50μm depth) in the surface layer of metallic materials. And high strength, residual compressive stress as well as a mass of defects attributed to grain refinement and severe plastic deformation, greatly improve their surface properties, such as strength, wear resistance, diffusion property, fatigue performance and corrosion resistance. Now some methods have been confirmed which could realize surface nanocrystallization. This paper reviews the study of surface nanocrystallization and simply summarizes changes in their performance based on surface layer microstructure of metallic materials.

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Grinko, А. M., А. V. Brichka, О. М. Bakalinska, and М. Т. Каrtel. "Application of nano cerium oxide in solid oxide fuel cells." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.231.

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This review is analyzed the state of modern literature on the nanoceria based materials application as components for solid oxide fuel cells. The principle of operation of fuel cells, their classification and the difference in the constructions of fuel cells are described. The unique redox properties of nanosized cerium oxide make this material promising for application as components for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Because of high ionic conductivity, high coefficient of thermal expansion and low activation energy at relatively low temperatures, cerium-containing materials are widely used as a solid electrolyte. On the surface of nanosized CeO2 there many surface defects (which is determined by the concentration of oxygen vacancies) that lead to the electronic conductivity increases even at temperatures (300 - 700 °C). The concentration of surface defects can be increased by doping the surface of nanoceria by divalent and trivalent cations. The ionic and electrical properties of the obtained nanocomposites dependent from synthesis methods, ionic radii and concentration of doping cations. It is explained the effect of the transition in the size of cerium oxide particles in the nanoscale region on the concentration of surface defects and defects in the sample structure. Particular attention is paid to the effect of doping nanosized CeO2 by transition metal cations and lanthanides on the characteristics of the obtained material, namely, on the increase of concentration of surface defects due to the increase of oxygen vacancies. It is established that nanosized cerium oxide is used for the development and implementation of the main components of SOFC: electrolyte, anode and cathode. Advantages of using solid electrolytes based on nanosized cerium oxide over the classical electrolytes are listed. It was shown that doping of cerium oxide by double and triple cations lead to increase the ionic conductivity and reduces the activation energy and has a positive effect on its characteristics as a SOFC electrolyte. Composites, based on nanoscaled cerium oxide, are actively developed and studied for use as electrodes of solid oxide fuel cells. Cerium-containing anodes are resistant to the deposition of carbon and fuel impurities, increase the catalytic activity of solid oxide fuel cells, and compatible with other components. Nanosized cerium oxide particles are sprayed onto the cathode to prevent the cathode from interacting with the electrolyte. The prospects for the use of cerium-containing materials for the conversion of chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy are analyzed.

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Martín-Palma, R. J., M. Manso, J. Pérez-Rigueiro, J. P. García-Ruiz, and J. M. Martínez-Duart. "Surface biofunctionalization of materials by amine groups." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 8 (August 2004): 2415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0321.

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A novel deposition technique for the bio-functionalization by amine groups of surfaces of materials is presented. The process is based on the activation at high temperature of 3-aminopropyltrietoxysilane (3-APTS) molecules in vapor phase immediately before impinging on the substrate. Materials such as silicon, porous silicon, and titanium were chosen to demonstrate the validity of the process on surfaces with very different chemical properties. The effect of the activation process on the surface was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the reactivity under mild reaction conditions of the functionalized surfaces was determined by using a fluorescent reagent that specifically reacts with amine groups. From the experimental results it can be concluded that the proposed activation method induces amino-group fixation on the surface of materials, ranging from semiconductors to metals and insulating materials.

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Żołek-Tryznowska, Zuzanna, Ewa Bednarczyk, Mariusz Tryznowski, and Tomasz Kobiela. "A Comparative Investigation of the Surface Properties of Corn-Starch-Microfibrillated Cellulose Composite Films." Materials 16, no. 9 (April 23, 2023): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093320.

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Starch-based materials seem to be an excellent alternative for conventional plastics used in various applications. Microfibralted cellulose can be used to improve the surface properties of starch-based materials. This study aims to analyze the surface properties of starch-microfibrillated cellulose materials. The surface properties of films were evaluated by ATR-FTIR, surface roughness, water wettability, and surface free energy. The surface homogeneity between corn starch and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Microscopic analyses of the film surfaces confirm good compatibility of starch and MFC. The addition of MFC increased the surface roughness and polarity of developed starch/MFC materials. The surface roughness parameter has increased from 1.44 ± 0.59 to 2.32 ± 1.13 for pure starch-based materials and starch/MFC material with the highest MFC content. The WCA contact angle has decreased from 70.3 ± 2.4 to 39.1 ± 1.0°, while the surface free energy is 46.2 ± 3.4 to 66.2 ± 1.5 mJ·m−2, respectively. The findings of this study present that surface structure starch/MFC films exhibit homogeneity, which would be helpful in the application of MFC/starch materials for biodegradable packaging purposes.

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Takahara, Atsushi. "Interfacial Dynamics and Surface Mechanical Properties of Soft Materials." Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 41, no. 5 (2014): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1678/rheology.41.271.

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Lysak, I. A., G. V. Lysak, T. D. Malinovskaya, L. N. Skvorcova, and A. I. Potekaev. "Acid-base properties of surface of polymeric fibrous materials." Letters on Materials 3, no. 4 (2013): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.22226/2410-3535-2013-4-300-303.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface properties of materials'

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