Relevant bibliographies by topics / Surface pitting

Academic literature on the topic 'Surface pitting'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Surface pitting"

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Černý, Michal, Josef Filípek, and Roman Požár. "Pitting process visualization." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 5 (2010): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058050057.

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The paper describes time-domain simulation of gear pitting damage using animation program. Key frames have been used to create illusion of motion. The animation uses experimental results of high-cycle fatigue of material. The fatigue damage occurs in the nominal creep area on the side of the gear tooth sample loaded with variable-positioned Hertz pressure. By applying the force, the pressure cumulates between two convex surfaces. This phenomenon results in material damage under of curved surfaces in contact. Moreover, further damage has been registered on the surface. This is due to exceeding the elastic-plastic state limit and development of „tabs“. The tabs serve as origin of surface micro cracks powered by shear stress and enclosed grease pressure as well. This deformation and extreme pressures of Pascal law contribute to elongation and growth of the surface micro crack. Non-homogenous parts of material volume support the initialization/development of the micro cracks as well. Resulting visualization of the tooth-side fatigue damage provides clear and easy-to-understand description of the damage development process right from the micro crack initialization to the final fragmentation due to pitting degradation.
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Shen, Gang, Dong Xiang, Ning Xie, Peng Mou, Wei Yang, and Qiang Zhao. "Study on the Influence of Gear Rattling on Pitting Fatigue Failure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.634.

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The pitting fatigue failure is one of the main gear failure modes, and it has extremely important significance in studying on the influence of dynamic characteristics on pitting fatigue failure. The article has set up increasing-speed test-bed, using photoelectric encoder and NI DAS to measure and collect rotational-speed pulse of driving wheel and driven wheel. Arc-length difference and rotational-speed difference of driving wheel and driven wheel are analyzed to verify gear rattling phenomenon under increasing-speed transmission. And then gear surfaces under certain cycles are observed and analyzed utilizing surface mapping microscope to explore the influence of gear rattling on pitting fatigue failure under increasing-speed transmission. It is shown that there is rotational-speed difference between driving wheel and driven wheel, which indicates that gear rattling phenomenon appears in the meshing process, or more precisely, gear rattling phenomenon appears on both surfaces of the tooth because rotational-speed difference fluctuates bilaterally. In addition, tooth surface contact stress is 221.3Mpa, in theory, if actual contact stress is less than fatigue limit, pitting fatigue failure should not occur. However, through gear surface observation, pitting phenomenon authentically appears with the tendency from micro pitting to destructive pitting. In a word, gear pitting fatigue failure is induced by gear rattling to a certain extent.
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Moon, Suk Man, Byung Wook Lee, Tae Wan Kim, and Yong Joo Cho. "The Effect of Oil Quantity Supplied on Micro-Pitting Life for Rolling and Sliding Contact." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 2149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.2149.

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The influence of oil quantity supplied and contact bulk temperature on micro-pitting lifetime is estimated using two-roller contact machine. The failure criterion is set as 4% micro-pitting on contact surfaces, which is adopted from precedent researches. To quantify the failure rate of damaged surfaces of micro-pitting occurrence, DBR(Dark and Bright Ratio) technique was effectively implemented for observing not a sudden emergence of macro-pitting but the transition of micro-pitting growth. The change of damaged surface area was measured and calculated by the use of dark and bright ratio of test specimen pictures taken by optical microscope. The optimum oil quantity was determined to obtain the minimum oil quantity with no change in bulk temperature despite of increasing the inlet oil quantity. In conclusion, the influence of supplied oil quantity and contact bulk temperature considering film parameter on micro-pitting lifetime and the surface contact strength by the S-N curves of failure rate are quantitatively reported and expressed as empirical formulas.
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Vinogradova, Svetlana S., Anna N. Akhmetova, and Ramilya F. Tazieva. "CALCULATION METHOD OF IMPEDANCE MODULE FOR CORROSION MONITORING OF SURFACE STATE OF CHROMONICKEL STEELS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 3 (March 8, 2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206303.6092.

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In discussed issue the additional criterion for chromium-nickel steels surface state assessment is proposed. It is used in periodic potentiostatic regime of stainless steels surface state monitoring under the condition of pitting corrosion origin. Electrochemical investigations were carried out with pitting corrosion resistant austenitic (12Х18Н10Т) and austenitic-ferritic chromium-nickel steels 10Х17Н13М2Т in chloride solutions of 0.1 mol/L NaCl and 0.5 mol/l NaCl with the additional oxidant K2Cr2O7. Polarization curves were recorded under potentiostatic mode of polarization in the electrochemical three-electrode cell using the ZIVE SP2 workstation and a personal computer. The fast Fourier transformation method was used for conducting the spectral analysis, as this method is more effective in terms of the algorithmic complexity when processing a large amount of the initial data. It is established that scalar impedance angular coefficient shows the current oscillation frequencies change concerned with the pitting occurrence and passivation process. The scalar impedance angular coefficient allows to estimate the pitting corrosion evaluation processes boundaries: passivity; metal dissolution due to the development of metastable pittings; the metastable nucleation and passivation processes concurred with the stable pitting development. The algorithm based on the statistical method of spectral analyses for scalar impedance angular coefficient calculation is developed. It is established that the decrease in passive film total resistance corresponds to the breakdown process and first metastable, and then stable local surface destructions that reflect on the higher the scalar impedance angular coefficient value. The boundary values of an additional criterion for surface state assessment were proposed, on the basis of which an interval scale was constructed to determine the current state of the surface of chromium-nickel steels. It is shown that the boundary values of the scalar impedance angular coefficient correspond to the metallographic studies of investigated steels.
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Kamran, Muhammad, F. Hussain, R. Ahmad, Tahir Ahmad, and Fahad Riaz. "Investigating the Pitting Resistance of 316 Stainless Steel in Ringer's Solution Using the Cyclic Polarization Technique." Defect and Diffusion Forum 344 (October 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.344.1.

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Corrosion rate, corrosion potential and susceptibility to pitting corrosion of a metal are measured using cyclic polarization Direct Current (DC) electrochemical technique. The aim of the present research is to investigate the pit nucleation resistance of polished, ground and passivated surfaces of 316 stainless steels in Ringers solution. The electrochemical cyclic polarization results showed that polished surface gave better pitting resistance as compared to ground surface. It was also observed that passivation treatment gave better pitting resistance to both polished and ground surface of 316 stainless steels in Ringers solution.
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Han, Yan, Cheng Zheng Li, Hua Li Zhang, Yu Fei Li, and Da Jiang Zhu. "Analysis of Corrosion Behavior on External Surface of 110S Tubing." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1242.

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The failure analysis of 110S tubing during acidizing process was addressed. Results showed that serious pitting corrosion occurred on the outer wall of tubing, and there was no obvious pitting on the inner wall. The maximum pitting depth on the outer wall was 1019 μm. According to the results of simulation corrosion test, needle-shaped pitting appeared on the sample surface in the test without inhibitor, the maximum depth of pitting was 158 μm; and no pitting was found on the sample surface in the test within 1.5% TG501 inhibitor; the original pitting were deepened after spent acid test, and the sample with no pitting at the beginning also showed deep pitting corrosion after 96 hours spent acid test. It was indicated that the spent acid accelerated the development of pitting significantly. The external surface corrosion of the 110S tubing was caused by the chemical reaction between the high-concentration acidifying liquid and the outer wall of the tubing. There is a gap between the tubing and coupling threaded connection, which caused the acid solution entered into the thread position, and hence the severe corrosion of the thread and pin end of the tubing happened, the joint strength was continuously reduced with corrosion development till the tripping of the coupling, and then the lower string dropped. Some suggestions were proposed for avoiding or slowing down this kind of failure based on this study.
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Kappel, Frank, Peter Toivonen, Sabina Stan, and Darrell-Lee McKenzie. "Resistance of sweet cherry cultivars to fruit surface pitting." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 4 (October 10, 2006): 1197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-244.

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A recently developed technique was used to determine the susceptibility to fruit surface pitting of new sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars and compare them to an industry standard. The cultivars tested included Bing (industry standard), Cristalina, Lapins, Sandra Rose, Santina, Skeena, Sonata, Staccato, and Sweetheart. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity, injured, held at 1°C for 2 wk and then rated for fruit surface pitting. The cultivars Lapins, Skeena, Staccato, and Sweetheart had less pitting than Bing. Cristalina and Sonata tended to have similar levels of injury to Bing and Sandra Rose and Santina tended to have more severe pitting than Bing. Key words: Sweet cherries, cultivars, simulated pitting injury
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Bergstedt, Edwin, Jiachun Lin, and Ulf Olofsson. "Influence of gear surface roughness on the pitting and micropitting life." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 24 (June 9, 2020): 4953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220931541.

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Pitting and micropitting are the two main gear rolling contact fatigue modes. It is widely accepted that micropitting will lead to pitting; however, the relationship between pitting and micropitting life needs further investigation. In this work, micropitting and pitting tests were performed on an FZG back-to-back test rig using standard FZG PT-C and GF-C gears. The gear tooth profile change due to micropitting and pitting damage was measured in situ in the gearbox using a profilometer after each test. The gear surface roughness parameters were calculated from the measured tooth profile. A Gaussian low pass filter with cut off length [Formula: see text] mm was applied to the measured tooth profile to obtain the waviness. The calculated roughness parameters and the obtained tooth profile with waviness for each test were imported into the KISSsoft software to calculate the contact stress and specific film thickness at the corresponding load stage. Experimental results show that smooth gear surface can reduce or even avoid micropitting damage, but could lead to a reduction in pitting life.
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Guan, Xinchun, Lianjuan Miao, Hui Li, and Jinping Ou. "A new approach for describing pitting corrosion of steel bars in concrete." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 6 (November 6, 2017): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-01-2016-1631.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to quantitively characterize pitting or local corrosion of steel bars. Characterization of pitting or local corrosion is important for steel bar corrosion research in concrete, which is still an unsolved problem for the reason that the pitting on corroded steel is distributed irregularly, besides the varied pitting depths. To solve this problem in a certain degree, two parameters were collectively used to find the pitting distribution and pitting depth distribution of corroded steel bar surface. Design/methodology/approach Corroded reinforcement bars were subjected to two different corrosive conditions to obtain the profile of the surface of corroded steel bar. The arithmetic mean deviation of the profile, Ra, also a roughness parameter, and the fractal dimension, D, were computed using MATLAB software from the data on corroded steel bar profiles scanned by a profile tester. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the parameters distribution of Ra. Findings Ra and D can assist gravimetric technique in defining the degree of pitting corrosion and make further understanding about the characterization of local or pitting corrosion. Originality/value Two parameters were collectively used to find the pitting distribution and pitting depth distribution of corroded steel bar surface, while many studies only study the fractal dimension of pitting corrosion. And, the relationship between these two parameters is studied when using them to describing the non-uniformity of pitting corrosion degree. Using these two parameters can much better describe the non-uniform degree of pitting corrosion.
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Miltenović, Aleksandar, Ivan Rakonjac, Alexandru Oarcea, Marko Perić, and Damjan Rangelov. "Detection and Monitoring of Pitting Progression on Gear Tooth Flank Using Deep Learning." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 5327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115327.

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Gears are essential machine elements that are exposed to heavy loads. In some cases, gearboxes are critical elements since they serve as machine drivers that must operate almost every day for a more extended period, such as years or even tens of years. Any interruption due to gear failures can cause significant losses, and therefore it is necessary to have a monitoring system that will ensure proper operation. Tooth surface damage is a common occurrence in operating gears. One of the most common types of damage to teeth surfaces is pitting. It is necessary for normal gear operations to regularly determine the occurrence and span of a damaged tooth surface caused by pitting. In this paper, we propose a machine vision system as part of the inspection process for detecting pitting and monitoring its progression. The implemented inspection system uses a faster R-CNN network to identify and position pitting on a specific tooth, which enables monitoring. Prediction confidence values of pitting damage detection are between 99.5–99.9%, while prediction confidence values for teeth recognized as crucial for monitoring are between 97–99%.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surface pitting"

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Daud, A. R. "The surface chemistry of pitting corrosion." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/770155/.

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The use of XPS and AFS technique has been explored in the stLrly of the surface chemistry of a whole electrode surface (XPS) and the surface chemistry of natural pits (AFS). EDXA and to a snall extend SIMS were also used in the investigation of the individual pits. A high resolution Auger electron microscope which has an analytical resolution as snall as 0.1 .un enables a nevly formed pit of less than 2 .un in diameter to be investigated. By using a Cl/Mg ratio an attempt had been made to correlate the surface chemistry of whole electrodes exposed at different potentials in 1M MgCl2 solution to the surface chemistry of individual pits naturally produced qy means of a simulated metal to metal crevice made of cammercial stainless steels (SS316 and SS304) immersed in 1M MgCl2 solution. '!he correlation was fomd to be good and within the expected limit of the data produced by XPS and AFS. The estimated val ue of potentials of the surface of pit and its immediate vicinity was based on a theoretical model of variation of potential aromd a pit by Melville and also on the potential-current curve of the steel sample in the test sol ution. The Q/Mg ratio was shown to be useful in determining the activity of pits. In repassivated pits in the crevice mouth zone magnesiun was a dominant species relative to chlorine, this is in contrast to the pits in the central part of the crevice which were (ii) engulfed in general corrosion. Active pits in the area between the two regions have higher value of Cl./Mg ratio in their surface than that in the surface in their immediate vicinity. The role of chraniun in pitting corrosion is suggested to counter the pitting attack by the fonnation of chramiun oxide and oxy-chloride on the surface of pit. Molybdenun when present, also concentrates on the surface of pit. The type of corrosion attacks on sulphide inclusions in stainless steel depend on the copper content of the inclusions. Pitting will be likely to take place on pure MnS incl usions but not on copper enriched-MnS inclusions. The fonnation of copper sulphide is suggested to be important in reducing the amount of active species of sulphur on the corroded inclusions.
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Franzen, Justin Michael. "Contact Fatigue Evaluation of Ground and Chemically Polished Spur Gears Made of AISI 4118 Alloy Steel." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1370260045.

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Tilson, Nial Robert. "An Experimental Evaluation of Micro-pitting Performance of Two Bearing Steels." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365695328.

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Cheong, Kim Hong. "Influence of surface roughness on the pitting corrosion behaviors of stainless steels in different environments." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691159.

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Chapman-Kpodo, H. "The surface structures associated with the very early stages of pitting corrosion on stainless steels." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842894/.

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The surface structures associated with the very early stages of pitting corrosion on stainless steels have been studied using a set of such surface analytical techniques as XPS, ToF-SIMS and SAM combined simultaneously with EDXA. Two types of 316 stainless steel, having minor variation in chemical composition were prepared for this work and passivated chemically in a solution of 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M NaCI + 0.08% H2O2. Survey and narrow scan XP spectra were acquired from the samples using a V. G. Scientific ESCALAB (II) in Angular XPS format. The survey scans were examined with emphasis on the essentials of the background slope caused by electron energy losses. The narrow scans of the peaks of significance, i.e., C1s, 01s, Cr2p and Fe2p were used for quantitative analysis in which the compositions of the surface species were determined. An angular and a depth profile were constructed as a basis for obtaining a layer sequence of the surface structures. ToF-SIMS analysis of the passive film was undertaken to validate the Angular XPS data. The program GOOGLY has been employed in fitting the oxide and metallic components of chromium and iron as well as oxygen and carbon, using the intrinsic shape parameter, k. The use of peaks of identical shape, position and background for each electron take-off angle facilitates the dependency of the residual extrinsic background on angle. The use of a polynomial function, that approximates the Tougaard background, has been included in the fitting routine. This function has been utilised in defining a background slope parameter that assigns different background tails to the components in a multiple peak. The rationale behind the use of the extrinsic background is to enable surface structures to be placed in depth-wise order with only a minor extension to the conventional peak-fitting routine. The work has shown also that it is possible to extract information from the background close to the peak, which can be used to develop a useful approach for the estimation of overlayer thickness. Pitting initiation at non-metallic inclusions on the steel surface, i.e., sulphide and mixed oxide particles have been examined by employing the high spatial resolution afforded by SAM in conjunction with the depth analysis offered by EDXA. Many of the multi-oxide inclusions, composed of silicates, remained inert to the solution. A small number that contained calcium silicate and oxide, however, showed evidence of attack. Inference was therefore made that the corrosion pathway, involving insoluble silicate inclusions, is largely dependent on soluble calcium containing phases within the inclusions. Scanning Auger microscopy has been utilised in demonstrating that the relatively high susceptibility of sulphide inclusions to pitting attack in corrosive media stems from the alloy distribution. The data obtained supports the proposal that depletion of chromium, exclusively in the immediate neighbourhood of the sulphide inclusions, leads to favourable ingress of aggressive ions. The GOOGLY program has been used to extend the intrinsic shape and background slope consideration to fit the FeLMM Auger peaks of both air-formed and passive films on stainless steel. Quantification of the peaks was complicated but the fits showed a reasonable correlation with those from Angular XPS. The much-reduced spot size obtainable on a high resolution (V. G. Scientific Sigma Probe) XPS instrument has been utilised in a localised characterisation of the passive film on stainless steel. The spectra acquired from different points on the steel surface have displayed a high degree of similarity to each other. The results obtained have been reasonably satisfactory.
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NETO, de JESUS ANTONIO C. "Estudo dos parâmetros: teor de NaCl e acabamento superficial, na resistência à corrosão por PITE em tubos de cobre." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11614.

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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Klein, Mark Andrew. "An Experimental Investigation of Materials and Surface Treatments on Gear contact Fatigue Life." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243885964.

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Scarabotto, Mônica. "Estudo da corrosão nas ligas de alumínio 3105 e 5052." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183156.

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A resistência à corrosão das ligas de alumínio está relacionada ao meio de exposição, composição química, presença de intermetálicos e microestrutura do metal, entre outras. Neste trabalho investigou-se a corrosão nas ligas de alumínio 3105 H16 e 5052 H34, comumente utilizadas na indústria de carrocerias de ônibus, em meio aquoso continham íons agressivos, tais como cloretos, sulfatos e hidroxilas. Avaliou-se comparativamente o comportamento destas ligas com os revestimentos de proteção de Nanocerâmico, Cromo VI, Cromo III e Sistema de Pintura em exposição atmosférica acelerada e imersão em diferentes meios agressivos. Estudos mais aprofundados restringiram-se às ligas sem tratamento, para as quais foram realizados ensaios de exposição acelerada em névoa salina neutra, névoa salina acética, câmara de umidade e exposição atmosférica natural. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura por emissão de campo foi empregada para caracterizar a superfície das ligas antes e após os ensaios de névoa salina neutra e acética. O comportamento eletroquímico das ligas sem tratamento foi determinado através do monitoramento do potencial de circuito aberto, curvas de polarização potenciodinâmica anódicas e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento de Cromo VI foi o que obteve melhor desempenho na proteção de ligas de alumínio, particularmente para a liga 5052. De um modo geral, a liga 5052 apresentou maior resistência à corrosão nos meios testados em presença ou não de tratamentos superficiais. Na exposição à névoa salina, a corrosão manifestou-se principalmente na forma de pites. Ficou comprovado que o efeito do íon Cl- é importante, porém o fator preponderante do comportamento à corrosão das ligas de alumínio está relacionado ao pH do meio de exposição, sendo este recomendado para avaliar revestimentos protetores. Além das condições do meio ao qual o metal será exposto, na seleção de tratamentos anticorrosivos é importante considerar as particularidades de cada liga, uma vez que suas características composicionais e microestruturais exercem relevante influência no desempenho à corrosão.
The corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys is related to the exposure medium, chemical composition, presence of intermetallic particles and metallic microstructure, among others. This work investigated corrosion of 3105 H16 and 5052 H34 aluminum alloys commonly used in the bus body industry in aqueous media containing aggressive ions, such as chlorides, sulfates and hydroxyls. The behavior of these alloys with the protective coatings of Nanoceramic, Chromium VI, Chromium III and Paint System in accelerated atmospheric exposure and immersion in different aggressive media was evaluated comparatively. Further studies were restricted to untreated alloys for which accelerated exposure tests were performed on neutral salt spray, acetic salt spray, moisture chamber and natural atmospheric exposure. Field scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the alloys surface before and after neutral and acetic salt spray tests. The electrochemical statement of the untreated alloys was determined by monitoring the open circuit potential, anodic potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results have shown that the treatment with Chromium VI was the one that obtained better performance in the protection of the aluminum alloys, particularly for 5052 alloy. In general, 5052 aluminum alloy presented greater resistance to corrosion in all tested media, with or without surface treatments. Under salt spray exposure, the corrosion attack appeared mainly in the form of pitting. It has been proven that the effect of Cl- ion is important, but the predominant factor on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys is related to the pH of the exposure medium, which is recommended to evaluate protective coatings. Besides the conditions of the medium to which the metal will be exposed, in the selection of anticorrosive treatments it is important to consider the particularities of each alloy, since its compositional and microstructural characteristics exert a relevant influence on the corrosion performance.
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Ba, Djiby. "Contribution à l'effet des éléments d'alliage sur la résistance à la corrosion de nuances duplex exposées à des environnements simulant leur marché d'application par le biais d'approches locales." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS060.

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Les aciers inoxydables duplex (DSS) sont caractérisés par une structure biphasée comprenant un mélange de ferrite et d’austénite. La proportion entre les deux phases est d'habitude environ 50 %. Ils sont de plus en plus employés dans les industries chimiques, pétrochimiques, nucléaires, marines et de papier, principalement en raison de leurs excellentes propriétés mécaniques couplées à une bonne résistance à la corrosion par piqûre (basse teneur en nickel et molybdène). L’austénite ayant une composition chimique différente de celle de la ferrite, un film hétérogène se forme à la surface des aciers inoxydable duplex. Par ailleurs, les deux phases métalliques ayant des propriétés mécaniques différentes, un champ de contrainte hétérogène est généré dans les grains. Sous certaines conditions, l’existence de gradients de contraintes peut conduire à des hétérogénéités du film passif. Dans ce travail , on étudie l’effet des éléments d’alliages sur les propriétés physico-chimiques du film passif et le comportement en corrosion par piqures avant et après vieillissement en milieu chlorurés, pour une surface de référence respectant certains critères à savoir une surface lisse exempt de tout défauts (pas de couche écrouie, rugosité faible..). Les propriétés physico- chimiques du film sont étudiés à l’aide des analyses Auger et XPS à l’échelle locale et globale. Le comportement en corrosion des alliages duplex a été ensuite déterminé à partir d’essais TCP (détermination de la température critique de piqûration). Les résultats avant vieillissement ont montré que le film passif est homogène à l’échelle macroscopique et que l’amorçage des piqûres semblent être liée à la taille des grains et à la texture cristallographique décrit par le GOS. Après vieillissement de longue durée en milieu représentatif, les analyses de surface montrent un renforcement de la passivité par un épaississement du film passif, une augmentation significative du rapport Cr/Fe ce qui ont pour effet d’améliorer le comportement en corrosion par piqures des alliages. Des critères métallurgiques ont été proposés pour expliquer l’amorçage de piqûres pour ces alliages
Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are characterized by a two-phase structure comprising a mixture of ferrite and austenite. The proportion between the two phases is usually about 50%. They are increasingly used in the chemical, petrochemical, nuclear, marine and paper, mainly because of their excellent mechanical properties coupled with good resistance to pitting corrosion (low grade nickel and molybdenum). The austenite having a different chemical composition than the ferrite, a heterogeneous film is formed on the surface of duplex stainless steels. Furthermore, the two metallic phases having different mechanical properties, a field of heterogeneous stress is generated in the grains. Under certain conditions, these differences may also yield formation of a heterogeneous passive film. In this work, we study the effect of alloying elements on the physico-chemical properties of the passive film and behavior pitting corrosion before and after ageing in chloride media for a reference surface that meet certain criteria ie a smooth surface free from any defects (no hardened layer .. low roughness). The physicochemical properties of the film are studied using Auger and XPS analysis at the microscale. The corrosion behavior of duplex alloys was then determined from CPT tests (determination of the Critical Pitting Temperature). The results before ageing have shown that the passive film is homogeneous on a macroscopic scale and that pitting corrosion appear to be related to the grain size and crystallographic texture described by GOS. After ageing, surface analysis shows a strengthening of passivity by thickening of the passive film and the ratio Cr/Fe are significantly increased which has the effect of improving behavior pitting alloys. Metallurgical criteria for pitting were proposed
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Weirich, Timothy Douglas. "Evaluating the Potential for Atmospheric Corrosion of 304 Stainless Steel Used for Dry Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557098372186951.

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Books on the topic "Surface pitting"

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Townsend, Dennis P. Surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute, low-contact-ratio gears. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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Prentzas, Lampros. The effect of surface finishing on pitting corrosion of stainless steel. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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United States. Army Aviation Systems Command. and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute, low-contact-ratio gears. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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T, Shimski John, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and United States. Army Aviation Research and Technology., eds. Evaluation of advanced lubricants for aircraft applications using gear surface fatigue tests. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Alan, Turza, Chaplin Mike, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and U.S. Army Research Laboratory., eds. The surface fatigue life of contour induction hardened AISI 1552 gears. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Alan, Turza, Chaplin Mike, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and U.S. Army Research Laboratory., eds. The surface fatigue life of contour induction hardened AISI 1552 gears. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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7

Analysis of the effects of surface pitting and wear on the vibrations of a gear transmission system. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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8

International Conference on Gears 2019. VDI Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556.

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Der Bericht ist ausschließlich als PDF-Dokument erschienen! Drei Konferenzen in einer, auf 1.874 Seiten finden Sie jede Menge aller neueste Informationen zum Thema Gears. Die beiden anderen Konferenzen waren: 3rd International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2019 und 3rd International Conference on Gear Production 2019 Achtung: Dieser VDI-Bericht ist ausschließlich als PDF-Datei auf CD-ROM lieferbar! Auszug aus dem 22-seitigen Inhaltsverzeichnis: Foreword 1 K. Stahl, Technische Universität München (TUM), Garching International Conference on Gears 2019 Flank strength Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life 3 E. Bergstedt, Prof. U. Olofsson, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden; J. Lin, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; P. Lindholm, ABB Corporate Research, Västerås, Sweden Influence of stressed volume of tooth flank on the surface durability 15 A. Kubo, Research Institute for Applied Sciences, Ooicho, Kyoto, Japan Transfer of the tooth fl...
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Book chapters on the topic "Surface pitting"

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Errichello, Robert. "Gear Surface Pitting Failure and Pitting Life Analysis." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 1523–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_571.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "Surface Durability (Pitting) of Bevel Gears." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 247–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38632-0_5.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "Surface Durability (Pitting) of Spur and Helical Gears." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 73–147. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38632-0_2.

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Rokhlin, S. I., and J. Y. Kim. "Surface Acoustic Wave Characterization of Pitting Corrosion Damage with Fatigue Cracks." In Nondestructive Materials Characterization, 142–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08988-0_5.

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"Surface-Originated Pitting." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 3514. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_101374.

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Civan, Faruk. "Crystal Dissolution: Pitting Modeling and Analysis." In Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, Third Edition, 1563–73. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-escs3-120028093.

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Surekha, K., and E. T. Akinlabi. "Surface Engineering by Friction Stir Processing and Friction Surfacing." In Surface Engineering Techniques and Applications, 102–45. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5141-8.ch004.

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This chapter is focused on the recent advances in the solid state surface engineering techniques including Friction Stir Processing (FSP) and Friction Surfacing (FS). The effectiveness of FSP and FS in improving the surface properties is explained in detail along with the principles, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of these techniques. The parameters affecting FSP and FS are presented. Various surface properties improved in different alloys by FSP and FS along with the results of the recent research work is presented in this chapter. The shortcomings of the processes and ways to overcome them are discussed. The effect of FSP on pitting corrosion of AA 6082 is studied and the results are presented.
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Bergstedt, E., U. Olofsson, J. Lin, and P. Lindholm. "Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life." In International Conference on Gears 2019, 3–14. VDI Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556-3.

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Sekulic, Dusan P. "Failure Analysis of Heat Exchangers." In Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures, 3–19. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v11a.a0006813.

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Abstract Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer thermal energy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between a solid particulate and a fluid at different temperatures. This article first addresses the causes of failures in heat exchangers. It then provides a description of heat-transfer surface area, discussing the design of the tubular heat exchanger. Next, the article discusses the processes involved in the examination of failed parts. Finally, it describes the most important types of corrosion, including uniform, galvanic, pitting, stress, and erosion corrosion.
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"Mechanical Testing." In Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture, 311–27. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250311.

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Abstract Mechanical tests are performed to evaluate the durability of gears under load. The chapter first discusses the processes involved in the computations of stress for test parameters of gear. Next, the chapter reviews the four areas of specimen characterization of a test program, namely dimensional, surface finish texture, metallurgical, and residual stress. The following section presents the tests that simulate gear action, namely the rolling contact fatigue test, the single-tooth fatigue test, the single-tooth single-overload test, and the single-tooth impact test. Finally, the chapter describes the test procedures for surface durability (pitting), root strength (bending), and scoring (or scuffing) testing.
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Conference papers on the topic "Surface pitting"

1

Walsh, G. A., and V. D. Romero. "Explosive pitting of 1018 steel witness plates." In CONTACT/SURFACE 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/secm070171.

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Paine, Bruce M., Vincent T. Ng, Steve R. Polmanter, Neil T. Kubota, and Carl R. Ignacio. "Degradation rate for surface pitting in GaN HEMT." In 2015 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irps.2015.7112786.

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TOWNSEND, DENNIS. "Surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute, low-contact-ratio gears." In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2153.

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Liu, Z., M. McMahon, K. G. Watkins, W. M. Steen, R. M. Vilar, and M. G. S. Ferreira. "Laser surface treatment of aluminium alloys for enhanced pitting resistance." In ICALEO® ‘93: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Conference. Laser Institute of America, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5058664.

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Ricks, Douglas W. "Effect of Surface Pitting in Transparent Domes on Scattered Light." In Optics in Adverse Envirornments. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oae.1987.wd5.

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A dome which covers an optical instrument is designed to protect the optical instrument from pitting caused by the impact of dust, rain or hail. When flown on the wing or nose of high speed aircraft the erosion can be severe. This adverse environment will degrade the optical performance of the instrument by decreasing transmittance and by increasing the amount of light scattered by the dome.
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Zhu, Dong, Michael Bujold, and Leon M. Keer. "Gear Pitting Life Prediction and Comparison With Experiments." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63352.

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Predicting gear surface fatigue life is vital to gear and transmission design. Although simplified approaches based on the smooth-surface Hertzian contact stress calculations are available, the trend of compact design of high-power gear systems requires the gear design calculation to consider severe operation and lubrication conditions and detailed surface topography. It is needed, therefore, to upgrade the life prediction methods. The research presented in this paper aims to develop a gear pitting life prediction approach based on the rough-surface mixed lubrication model developed by Hu and Zhu [1] and the fatigue life model developed by Zaretsky and modified by Epstein et al [2] with accurate surface-subsurface stress analyses. With this approach, gear design parameters, operating conditions, materials, lubricant, and real tooth surface topography are used as input data. When conducting surface fatigue life prediction, three modules are employed: the mixed lubrication module, the stress analysis module, and the fatigue life module. In the mixed lubrication module, machined gear surfaces are digitized and used for calculating the pressure distribution and lubricant film thickness in the mixed lubrication. The mixed-lubrication pressure distribution is inputted into the stress module to obtain surface and subsurface von Mises stresses. These stresses are then integrated in the fatigue life module for estimating the fatigue life corresponding to a certain failure probability (50% in the present study). In other words, the life prediction is now based on subsurface von Mises stresses in the lubricated rough surface contacts, instead of smooth contact Hertzian pressure. There are a few materials constants involved in the fatigue life module. They are calibrated by comparing the prediction results with available Eaton experimental data. Table 1 lists the experimental data for 15 gear sets (most of them are hobbed and shaved) under combined rolling and sliding. The Hertzian stress ranges from 0.8554 GPa to 2.9494 GPa. It has been found that most conventional pitting life prediction methods tend to give conservative life estimates. With optimized materials parameters in the present life model, predicted pitting life results well agree with available Eaton gear test data, and the correlation appears to be 96.3%. Figure 1 shows the comparison between experimental and prediction data. Obviously, the model prediction well represents the performance of this group of gear surfaces in contact and mixed lubrication.
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Yamamoto, Norio. "Probabilistic Model of Pitting Corrosion and the Simulation of Pitted Corroded Condition." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57623.

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Pitting corrosion is a great concern with respect to the integrity of ship hull structures such as the hold frames in way of the cargo holds of those bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and/or iron ore. The actual strength of pitting corroded member depends on the pitting corroded surface condition; a condition which varies according to the generation and the progress of the corrosion pits. In order to investigate a practical strength evaluation method of the pitting corroded member, a serial strength evaluation for various pitting corroded conditions is necessary. However, because it was difficult to obtain actual pitting corroded members which satisfied the purpose of our analysis, we needed to use an alternative method of conducting this strength analysis; a method that used simulated pitting corroded members. In order to do this, the simulated pitting corrosion surface we used had to have been a good representation of the actual pitting corrosion condition. In this paper, we investigated the pitting corroded surface conditions of hold frames in way of cargo holds of bulk carriers in order to comprehend the statistical nature of such pitting corroded surface. We developed a simulation procedure based upon a probabilistic model and used it to generate an optional pitting corroded surface. Through our investigation, we were able to confirm that the simulated pitting corrosion condition is visually similar to the actual condition and has the same statistical nature.
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Mellon, Brian, Douglas R. McCain, and Raymond M. Post. "Mitigating Manganese-Induced Pitting Failures on a Stainless Steel Surface Condenser." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88119.

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In early 2005, the 4-unit, 1200 MW Cottonwood Energy facility on the Sabine River in Deweyville, TX experienced a sudden increase in condenser tube failures and eddy current pit indications. Metallurgical analysis of failed tube specimens revealed the presence of a thin, hard manganese-rich coating, with intense pits propagating at breaks in the deposit. Successful mitigation of manganese-induced pitting and repassivation of the condenser tubes requires that the surface and pits first be thoroughly cleaned prior to implementing a manganese deposit control program. This paper reviews the successful cleaning process developed and implemented by Cottonwood Energy to remove manganese deposits from four stainless steel surface condensers. The cleaning procedure employed several novel features to ensure complete manganese removal, minimize environmental impact, reduce costs, control attack on the base tube metal, and ensure personnel safety. The paper also includes a discussion of corrective actions taken to prevent re-occurrence.
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Suzuki, Tomohiro, Kazuyoshi Ogawa, and Shoji Hotta. "Experimental Analysis and Life Prediction of Pitting Failures for Carburized Gear Material." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/ptg-14378.

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Abstract In order to elucidate the mechanism and factors of tooth face pitting, roller tests were carried out. In the tests, the oxidized-nonmartensitic layer, surface roughness, case hardness and residual compressive stress were noted as the material factors, and sliding, oil temperature and viscosity were considered the running condition factors. As a result, the pitting could be classified into two forms according to the crack origin; subsurface origin pitting and surface origin pitting. In the former case, the pitting life coincided with the value estimated from the shear stress and shear strength related to the Vickers hardness. In the latter case, the influence of shot peening could be regarded as the sum of influences due to surface roughness, hardness and residual compressive stress. These factors of shot peening, the existence of the oxidized-nonmartensitic layer and specific sliding determined the life of the surface origin pitting. The life of tooth face pitting could be calculated using these roller test results.
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Li, Z., S. L. Lv, Z. E. Liu, and W. Zhang. "Effect of Surface Quality on Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Alloy 2A12." In The International Workshop on Materials, Chemistry and Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007438303240329.

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Reports on the topic "Surface pitting"

1

Lewicki, David G., Paula J. Dempsey, Gregory F. Heath, and Perumal Shanthakumaran. Gear Fault Detection Effectiveness as Applied to Tooth Surface Pitting Fatigue Damage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada498995.

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