Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surface melting'
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Trittibach, Roman. "Surface melting of gallium single crystals /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10394.
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Lamb, M. "Laser surface melting of stainless steel." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37753.
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Zou, Xun zou. "Investigation of Surface Melting in West Antarctica." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1591151747043358.
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Folkes, Janet Ann. "Laser surface melting and alloying of titanium alloys." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38315.
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Chen, Zhen-da. "Laser surface melting and alloying of cast irons." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38260.
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Bocchetti, Virgile. "Melting, Surface Relaxation and Thermal Stability of Crystalline Solids." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949404.
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In this thesis we study thermal properties and melting behavior of crystals using Monte Carlo simulations. The Monte Carlo method is very difficult to implementfor melting investigation, unlike for problems where particles (such as spins) are localized on lattice sites. However, once it is well conceived, it is among themost efficient numerical techniques, to be able to study melting.We have created a high-performance algorithm based on an optimized Verlet procedure, which allowed us to investigate thermalproperties up to the melting. This optimization was necessary for treating an important number of atoms in very long runsto have good statistics, without prohibitive CPU time.We applied our algorithm to rare-gas crystals using the Lennard-Jones potential with parameters given by Bernardes which are widely used in the literature since 1958.Our results, thanks to their precision, show that we should modify these parameters in order to have a good agreement with experimental data.We studied melting of bulk semiconductors and metals by considering the case of Si and Ag. These materials have been chosen to serve our project about Silicene. Silicon has a diamond structure, and silver has the FCC lattice structure, both of them have been well experimentallystudied with well-known experimental melting temperatures. In spite of this, no good simulations have been done. For Si, one of the major problems is thechoice of a potential which stabilizes the diamond structure at finite temperatures. We have applied our algorithm to these materials using the multi-body Stillinger-Weber and Tersoff potentials for Si and the Gupta and EAM(embedded atom method) potentials for Ag. We obtained results much more precise than in early simulations and in good agreement with experiments.We also studied the Ag(111) surface trying to elucidate the long-standing controversy whether or not there is the ''anomalous'' thermal expansion whichhappens, for certain metals, when the inter-layer distances between the topmost atomic planes changes from a contracted situation to an expansion with respect tothe bulk distance. We showed that, depending on the potential, the anomalous crossover exists and the surface melting can occur at a temperature very far belowthat of the bulk melting. This is the case of EAM potential, but not the Gupta potential where surface melting occurs just belowbulk the melting.Finally, we studied the thermal stability of a stand-alone silicene sheet. Silicene is the Si counterpart of 2D carbon sheet called ''graphene". Siliceneattracts the attention of many researchers, because of its electronic and thermal properties which seem to be comparable to those of graphene which is actually oneof the most studied materials, due to its unusual properties susceptible for revolutionary device applications. Furthermore, because it is a Si-based material, thecompatibility, with the actual Si-based electronic industry, is expected to be better than for graphene. We show that, using the Tersoff potential with twosets of parameters (the original and the modified ones), the silicene 2D honeycomb structure is stable up to high temperatures without buckling. We have tested the Stillinger-Weberpotential: it yields a buckled honeycomb sheet at low temperatures but the 2D structure is destroyed in favor of a tri-dimensional structureat the melting. Discussion on this point is given.A general conclusion with some open perspectives is given at the end.
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Klingvall, Ek Rebecca. "SURFACE PROPERTIES OF IMPLANTS MANUFACTURED USING ELECTRON BEAM MELTING." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kvalitetsteknik, maskinteknik och matematik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27125.
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This thesis summarizes the results concerning the manufacture of medical implants for bone replacement using electron beam melting (EBM) which is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology, and aims to satisfy the engineering needs for the medical functionality of manufacturing technology. This thesis has focused on some microscopic properties for surfaces and bone integration. The process parameters of EBM manufacturing were studied to ascertain whether they have impacts on surface appearance, as surface properties have impacts on bone integration and implant performance. EBM manufacturing uses an electron beam to melt metal powder onto each layer in a manner akin to welding. The electron beam is controlled by process parameters that may be altered to a certain extent by the operator. There are individual process parameters for every material, and new parameters are set when developing new materials. In this thesis, process parameters in default settings were altered to ascertain whether it was possible to specify process parameters for implant manufacturing. The blood chamber model was used for thromboinflammation validation, using human whole blood. The model is used to identify early reactions of coagulation and immunoreactions. The material used in this study was Ti6Al4V-ELI, which is corrosion resistant and has the same surface oxide layers as titanium, and CoCr-F75, which has high stiffness, is wear-resistant and is commonly used in articulating joints. The study shows that among the process parameters researched, a combination of speed and current have the most impact on surface roughness and an interaction of parameters were found using design of experiment (DOE). As-built EBM surfaces show thrombogenicity, which in previous studies has been associated with bone ingrowth. Surface structure of as-build EBM manufactured surfaces are similar to implants surfaces described by Pilliar (2005), but with superior material properties than those of implants with sintered metals beads. By altering the process parameters controlling the electron beam, surface roughness of as-build parts may be affected, and the rougher EBM manufactured surfaces tend to be more thrombogen than the finer EBM manufactured surfaces. As-build EBM manufactured surfaces in general show more thrombogenicity than conventional machined implants surfaces.Denna avhandling behandlar tillverkning av medicinska implantat för integration i ben. I fokus är den additiva tillverkningstekniken ”elektronstrålesmältning” ( Electron Beam Melting –EBM), en av flera tekniker som populärt beskrivs med termen 3D-skrivare. Avhandlingen fokuserar på mikroskopiska ytegenskaper och dess inverkan på benintegration. Processparametrarna för EBM-tillverkning studerades för att fastställa hur de påverkar ytans utseende, efter som ytegenskaper har effekt på implantatens funktion. EBM-tillverkning använder en elektronstråle som likt svetsning smälter ihop metallpulver. Elektronstrålen styrs av processparametrar som till viss mån kan justeras av maskinoperatören. Det finns individuella processparametrar för varje material och nya parametrar utvecklas till varje ny legering. I denna avhandling har ”grundinställningarnas processparametrar” studerats för att ta reda på om det är möjligt att ställa in specifika parametrar till implantattillverkning. Med hjälp av blodkammarmetoden, som använder humant blod, har thromboinflammatoriska egenskaper undersökts. Metoden identifierar tidiga koagulations- och immunologiska reaktioner. Legeringarna som undersökts i denna studie var Ti6Al4V-ELI, som är korrosionsbeständigt med samma uppsättning oxider på ytan som titan har, och CoCr-F75, en legering som har hög styvhet, är slitstarkt och är vanligt förekommande i implantat för leder. Bland de undersökta processparametrarna visar en kombination av hastighet och ström ha mest inverkan på ytjämnhet och en interaktion mellan parametrar identifierades med hjälp av försöksplanering. EBM-tillverkade ytor visade på thrombogena egenskaper som i tidigare studier kan relateras till god integration i benvävnad. Ytstrukturen hos EBM-tillverkade ytor liknar de implantatytor som Pilliar (2005) beskriver, men materialegenskaperna är bättre än de materialegenskaper som implantat, med sintrad yta, har. Genom att ändra processparametrarna som styr elektronstrålen kan ytstrukturen påverkas. Grövre EBM-tillverkade ytor tenderar att vara mer thrombogena än de finare EBM-tillverkade ytorna är. Obehandlade EBM-tillverkade ytor i allmänhet är mer thrombogena än vad konventionellt framställda implantatytor är.
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Maeda, Nobuo, and nobuo@engineering ucsb edu. "Phase Transitions of Long-Chain N-Alkanes at Interfaces." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20011203.151921.
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An experimental study of phase transitions of long-chain n-alkanes induced by the effect of interfaces is described.
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The phase behaviour of long-chain n-alkanes (carbon number 14, 16, 17, 18) adsorbed at isolated mica surfaces and confined between two mica surfaces has been studied in the vicinity of and down to several degrees below the bulk melting points, Tm. Using the Surface Force Apparatus we have measured the thickness of alkane films adsorbed from vapour (0.97 [equal to or greater-than] p/p[subscript o] [equal to or greater-than] 0.997), studied capillary condensation transition, subsequent growth of capillary condensates between two surfaces, and phase transitions in both the adsorbed films and the condensates. By measuring the growth rate of the capillary condensates we have identified a transition in the lateral mobility of molecules in the adsorbed films on isolated mica surfaces. This transition to greater mobility occurs slightly above Tm for n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane and n-octadecane but several degrees below Tm for n-tetradecane, and is accompanied by a change in wetting behaviour and a measurable decrease in adsorbed film thickness for n-heptadecane and n-octadecane. Capillary condensates that form below Tm remain liquid, but may freeze if the degree of confinement is reduced by separation of the mica surfaces. An increase in the area of the liquid-vapour interface relative to that of the liquid-mica interface facilitates freezing in the case of the long-chain alkanes, which show surface freezing at the liquid-vapour interface.
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Although thermodynamic properties of the surface freezing transition have been rather well documented, the kinetics involved in formation of such ordered monolayers has so far received very little attention. We studied the surface tension of n-octadecane as a function of temperature in the vicinity of Tm, using the static Wilhelmy plate and the dynamic maximum bubble pressure methods. The two methods give different results on cooling paths, where nucleation of the surface ordered phase is involved, but agree on heating paths, where both methods measure properties of the equilibrium surface phase. On cooling paths, the surface of bubbles may supercool below the equilibrium surface freezing temperature. The onset of surface freezing is marked by a sharp drop in the surface tension. The transition is accompanied by an increased stability of the films resulting in longer bubble lifetimes at the liquid surface, which suggests that the mechanical properties of the surfaces change from liquid-like to solid-like. Our results suggest occurrence of supercooling of the monolayer itself.
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Milton, Samuel. "Study on the machinability and surface integrity of Ti6Al4V produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM) processes." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4011/document.
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Les technologies de fabrication additive(FA) basées sur la technique de fusion laser sur lit de poudres, telles que les procédés de fusion sélective laser (Selective Laser Melting ‘SLM’) et de fusion par faisceau d'électrons (Electron Beam Melting ‘EBM’), ne cessent de se développer afin de produire des pièces fonctionnelles principalement dans les domaines aérospatial et médical. Le procédé de fabrication additive offre de nombreux avantages, tels que la liberté de conception, la réduction des étapes de fabrication, la réduction de la matière utilisée, et la réduction de l'empreinte carbone lors de la fabrication d'un composant. Néanmoins, les pièces obtenues nécessitent une opération d’usinage de finition afin de satisfaire les tolérances dimensionnelles et l’état de surfaceAdditive Manufacturing (AM) techniques based on powder bed fusion like Selective Laser Melting(SLM) and Electron Beam Melting processes(EBM) are being developed to make fully functional parts mainly in aerospace and medical sectors. There are several advantages of using AM processes like design freedom, reduced process steps, minimal material usage and reduced carbon footprint while producing a component. Nevertheless, the parts are built with near net shape and then finish machined to meet the demands of surface quality and dimensional tolerance
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Wang, Ningyu. "Melting, Solidification and Sintering/Coalescence of Nanoparticles." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1284476300.
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Davis, Sergio. "Atomistic Computer Simulations of the Melting Process and High Pressure Conditions." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Tillämpad materialfysik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4826.
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The present work describes the use of atomistic computer simulations in the area of Condensed Matter Physics, and specifically its application to the study of two problems: the dynamics of the melting phase transition and the properties of materials at extreme high pressures and temperatures, problems which defy experimental measurements and purely analytical calculations. Both classical Molecular Dynamics (using semi–empirical interaction potentials) and first–principles (ab initio) Molecular Dynamics techniques has been applied in this study to the calculation of melting curves in a wide range of pressures for elements such as Xe and H2, the study of the elastic constants of Fe at the conditions of the Earth’s inner core, and the characterization of diffusion and defects formation in a generic Lennard–Jones crystal at the limit of superheating, including the role they play in the triggering of the melting process itself.QC 20101108
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Davis, Irarrazabal Sergio Michael. "Atomistic Computer Simulations of the Melting Process and High Pressure Conditions." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4826.
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The present work describes the use of atomistic computer simulations in the area of Condensed Matter Physics, and specifically its application to the study of two problems: the dynamics of the melting phase transition and the properties of materials at extreme high pressures and temperatures, problems which defy experimental measurements and purely analytical calculations.
Both classical Molecular Dynamics (using semi–empirical interaction potentials) and first–principles (ab initio) Molecular Dynamics techniques has been applied in this study to the calculation of melting curves in a wide range of pressures for elements such as Xe and H2, the study of the elastic constants of Fe at the conditions of the Earth’s inner core, and the characterization of diffusion and defects formation in a generic Lennard–Jones crystal at the limit of superheating, including the role they play in the triggering of the melting process itself.
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Tsagkarakis, Michail G. "Laser surface melting of an Al-Cu-Mg alloy for enhanced corrosion resistance." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/218.
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Carroll, Lisa M. "Rapid steady state solidification of Al alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298796.
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Elkandari, Bader M. H. M. "Excimer laser surface melting treatment on 7075-T6 aluminium alloy for improved corrosion resistance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/excimer-laser-surface-melting-treatment-on-7075t6-aluminium-alloy-for-improved-corrosion-resistance(c2da3b82-eeb5-4eae-a1dc-e4aefba18c62).html.
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High strength 7xxx aluminium alloys are used extensively in the aerospace industry because the alloys offer excellent mechanical properties. Unfortunately, the alloys can suffer localised corrosion due to the presence of large intermetallic particles at the alloy surface that are aligned in the rolling direction. Laser surface melting (LSM) techniques offer the potential to reduce and/or to eliminate the intermetallic phases from the surface of the alloy without affecting the alloy matrix.The present study concerns the application of LSM using an excimer laser to enhance the corrosion resistance of AA 7075-T6 aluminium alloy. The initial stage of the project was aimed at optimising the laser conditions for production of a uniform microstructure, with the increase in the corrosion resistance of the alloy being determined by potentiodynamic polarization measurements in sodium chloride solution. Low and high laser energy densities were used with a different number of pulses per unit area to treat the alloy surface, which were achieved by changing both the laser fluence and the pulse repetition frequency. A laser fluence of 3.3 J/cm2 with 80 pulses was subsequently selected as the optimum condition to treat the surface of the alloy. The composition and microstructure of the alloy before and after LSM treatment, and following corrosion tests, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).After the laser treatment, the surface and the cross-sections of the alloy showed a significant reduction in the number of large intermetallic particles and a relatively homogenous melted layer was generated that provided significant improvement in the resistance of the alloy against corrosion, as assessed by several corrosion test methods, including exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) tests. However, delamination of the melted layer was observed after extended testing in the EXCO solution which is possibly related to the formation of bands of fine magnesium and zinc-rich precipitates within the melted layer. Therefore, anodising in sulphuric acid was applied to the LSM alloy, in order to further increase the corrosion resistance and to protect the laser treated layer from delamination by generating a thin oxide film over the LSM layer. The results revealed that the anodic treatment increased the resistance of the alloy to exfoliation attack.
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Gunnerek, Rasmus. "Fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloys manufactured by Selective Laser Melting : Influence of microstructure, surface roughness and surface morphology." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67514.
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The intention of this thesis is to investigate the fatigue behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by the relatively new additive manufacturing process called Selective Laser Melting(SLM). SLM has been shown the interest from important industries such as the aerospace and biomedical industry for its potential of manufacturing lightweight and complex parts to net shape without the need of conventional methods like machining. Due to the short history of SLM there is little knowledge about how fatigue properties are influenced by the manufacturing process. This project aims to add to that knowledge by studying how the microstructure, surface roughness and surface morphology influences the fatigue life of SLM made Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Fatigue tests are done by conducting 3-point bending tests on SLM and conventional samples. It was found that the SLM samples only managed 9% of the fatigue life obtained for conventional samples. This was assumed to be caused by the poor surface roughness of SLM samples, acting as stress concentrations resulting in multiple crack nucleation leading to final fracture. It was also found that a surface morphology of 90°, relative to the length of the sample, had worse fatigue life compared to 60° and 30° due to the pattern of the sample being perpendicular to the applied load.
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Attinger, Daniel. "An investigation of microdroplet surface deposition : transient behavior, wetting angle dynamics and substrate melting phenomenon /." Zürich : [s.n.], 2001. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14004.
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Kling, Tanja [Verfasser]. "Like ice in the sunshine: surface rearrangement and pre-melting of the three most prominent surfaces of hexagonal ice / Tanja Kling." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1154631710/34.
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Brady, Michael P. "Evaluation of laser surface melting to mitigate chloride stress corrosion cracking in an austenitic stainless steel." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040851/.
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Shimizu, Yu. "Bioactive effects of strontium loading on micro/nano surface Ti6Al4V components fabricated by selective laser melting." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253206.
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Bhattacharya, Indrajit. "ANALYSIS OF SURFACE MELTING AND SNOW ACCUMULATION OVER THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET FROM SPACEBORNE MICROWAVE SENSORS." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276621670.
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Shrestha, Sanjay. "Wear behavior of Ti-6Al-4V for Joint Implants manufactured by Electron Beam Melting." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1495471138802038.
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Goel, Sneha. "Post-treatment of Alloy 718 produced by electron beam melting." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för avverkande och additativa tillverkningsprocesser (AAT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13547.
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Electron beam melting (EBM), a metal additive manufacturing (AM) process, has received considerable industrial attention for near net shape manufacture of complex geometries with traditionally difficult-to-machine materials. This has fuelled considerable academic interest in investigating EBM of Alloy 718, a nickel ironbased superalloy possessing an exciting combination of good mechanical behaviour and cost effectiveness. EBM production of Alloy 718 is particularly promising for aerospace and other sectors which value rapid production of components with large scope for design flexibility. The EBM builds are characterized by presence of inevitable defects and, anisotropy within a build is also a concern. Consequently, as-built Alloy 718 has to be subjected to post-build thermal-treatments (post-treatments) to ensure that the parts eventually meet the critical service requirements. Not withstanding the above, limited knowledge is available about optimal post-treatments for EBM-built Alloy 718. Therefore, the main focus of the work presented in this thesis was to systematically investigate the response of EBM-built material to post-treatments, which include hotisostatic pressing (HIPing), solution treatment (ST), and aging. HIPing of EBM-built Alloy 718 led to more than an order of magnitude reduction in defect content, which was reduced from as high as 17% to < 0.2% in samples built with intentionally introduced porosity to investigate limits of defect closure achievable through HIPing. In addition, HIPing also caused complete dissolution of δ and γ" phases present in the as-built condition, with the latter causing dropin hardness of the material. HIPing had no effect on the carbides and inclusions such as TiN, Al2O3 present in the built material. The evolution of microstructure during ST and aging was systematically investigated. Growth of potentially beneficial grain boundary δ phase precipitates was found to cease after a certain duration of ST, with samples subjected to prior-HIPing exhibiting lesser precipitation of the δ phase during ST. While the specimen hardness increased onaging, it was observed to plateau after a duration significantly shorted than the specified ASTM 'standard' aging cycle. Therefore, prima facie there are promising prospects for shortening the overall heat treatment duration. A combination of HIPing, ST, and aging treatments in a single uninterrupted cycle was also explored. Future work involving incorporation of a shortened heat treatment schedule in a combined cycle can have significant industrial implications.Articles submitted to journals and unpublished manuscripts are not included in this registration
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Verhaven, Alexandra. "Fluorescent detection of DNA single nucleotide polymorphism by electric field assisted hybridization/melting of surface-immobilized oligonucleotides." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/314944.
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RésuméLes monocouches auto-assemblées d'ADN immobilisées sur électrodes d'or sont à la base de nombreux biocapteurs électrochimiques. Le contrôle du comportement interfacial de l'ADN par le biais d'un champ électrique est intéressant pour la détection de polymorphisme nucléotidique simple (PNS). La caractérisation in situ de monocouches d'ADN à l'échelle moléculaire est importante pour la fabrication de biocapteurs robustes, fiables et sensibles.La thèse porte sur la détection du PNS dans l'ADN par le biais d'hybridation/dénaturation induite par le champ électrique. La microscopie de fluorescence sous conditions électrochimiques est utilisée comme méthodologie de détection et outil de caractérisation de l'interface d'ADN. À cette fin, des séquences d'ADN marquées par des sondes fluorescentes sont immobilisées sur des électrodes d'or sous forme de monocouches auto-assemblées (SAM) thiolées.Premièrement, les SAMs sont composées de séquences cibles présentant ou non une mutation ponctuelle. La relation entre le potentiel appliqué et la dénaturation du double brin est étudiée. La dénaturation électrochimique est observée à -0,25 V vs AgDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) immobilized on gold electrodes are the basis of many electrochemical biosensors. Control of the interfacial behavior of DNA by means of an electric field is of interest for sensing applications such as the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Moreover, the in situ characterization of immobilized DNA monolayers at a molecular level is important for the fabrication of robust, reliable and sensitive sensors.The thesis aims at studying the discrimination between DNA strands containing SNPs on the basis of electric-field assisted hybridization/denaturation of DNA. In situ electrochemical fluorescence microscopy is used as a detection methodology and characterization tool for DNA interfaces. For this purpose, fluorescently labeled DNA sequences are immobilized at gold electrodes as thiol SAMs.First, the SAMs under investigation were composed of perfect match or SNP-containing target sequences. The relationship between the applied potential and the denaturation of DNA duplexes was investigated. Electrochemical melting was observed at -0.25 V vs. Ag
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Zou, Xun. "The Prominent West Antarctic Surface Melt Event of January 2016: Investigation of the Dominant Physical Mechanisms." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511894550435471.
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Qian, Daishu. "Microstructure and corrosion performance of excimer laser-melted AA2124-T4 aluminium alloy and SiCp/AA2124-T4 composite." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/microstructure-and-corrosion-performance-of-excimer-lasermelted-aa2124t4-aluminium-alloy-and-sicpaa2124t4-composite(705f8af9-2a7c-4188-91e4-fcf33d8f76f0).html.
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The present work studies the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of 25 vol.% SiCp/AA2124-T4 metal matrix composites (MMCs) and AA2124-T4 aluminium alloy; and also the capability of excimer laser surface melting (LSM) to improve the corrosion resistance of the SiCp/AA2124 MMC and the monolithic alloy (MA). Microstructural characterization has shown significant influence of the presence and size of SiC particles on the fine Al2Cu precipitate and Mg segregation at SiC/Al interfacial regions. Such precipitates are revealed to be active sites for corrosion initiation in the MMCs, while the preferential sites for corrosion initiation in the MA are the coarse intermetallics. Corrosion evaluation performed in a 0.6 M NaCl solution suggests that the corrosion resistance of the MMC reinforced with micrometre-sized SiC particles is inferior to that of the MA and the MMC reinforced with submicrometre-sized SiC particles. The submicrometre-sized SiC particles have little adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the MMC due to the reduced interfacial precipitates. Thin films of up to several micrometres have been achieved by excimer LSM on both the MMC and the MA. The surface roughness and the thickness of the melted layer increase with increasing laser fluence. High number of pulses (40 P) results in significant porosity in the MA and networks of cracking in the MMC. A homogeneous layer without chemical segregation except the Cu-rich segregation bands has been obtained on the MA; while complex microstructures are observed for the MMC, including the Cu-rich segregation bands, Al-Si eutectic structure and microsegregation-free structure laid in sequence from the bottom of the melted layer to the top surface. The modelling work suggest that the presence of SiC particles gives rise in high temperatures in the melt pool, which is useful to explain the materials responses upon laser irradiation, such as decomposition of SiC, evaporation of matrix alloy, and oxides formation. The fast cooling rate up to 1011 K/s is responsible for the formation of microsegregation-free structure. Corrosion evaluation has indicated improvement of corrosion resistance of the MMC and the MA after excimer LSM due to the reduction of the intermetallics. For the laser-melted MA, the corrosion behaviour is governed by the surface morphology and the porosity. The significant rippled structure obtained under high laser fluence could lead to crevice corrosion in the valley between the ripples whilst the pores could provide penetrating routes for the chloride solution to reach the Cu-rich segregation bands, leading to the delamination of the melted layer. For the laser-melted MMC, corrosion mainly initiated at the SiC remnants, which are rich in Si. The corrosion sites of the laser-melted MMC are in the form of small cracked blisters.
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Lemnifi, Ahmed. "Influence of excimer laser surface melting on microstructure and corrosion behaviour of AA6061-T6 alloy and SiCp/AA6061-T6 composite." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/influence-of-excimer-laser-surface-melting-on-microstructure-and-corrosion-behaviour-of-aa6061t6-alloy-and-sicpaa6061t6-composite(5b945607-0479-411b-bb08-61e3c96a606e).html.
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This thesis presents an investigation of excimer laser surface melting (LSM) on AA6061-T6 alloy and SiCp/AA6061-T6 composite in terms of microstructure and corrosion behaviour. Hardness and wear resistance of the melted layer for both materials were also evaluated and compared with the untreated specimen to understand if the improvement of the corrosion resistance could be achieved without sacrificing the wear resistance. The intermetallic particles within the aluminium matrix are believed to initiate of both galvanic and pitting corrosion for both materials. To effectively dissolve these intermetallic particles, laser fluence from 1 to 8.5 J/cm2 with a number of pulses from 10, 25 to 50 were selected to achieve an optimisation of the LSM condition. It was found that the increase of laser fluence increased the melt depth, but also promoted the formation of defects such as micro-cracks and pores. For AA6061-T6 alloy, under the best laser condition (3 J/cm2 with 50 pulses), the amount of large intermetallic particles (2-10 µm), such as AlFeSi, AlFeMnSi and Mg2Si, were significantly reduced resulting in the formation of a relatively homogeneous and defect-free melt layer with only some small randomly distributed of intermetallic precipitates. For the SiCp/AA6061-T6 composite, under the best laser condition (6 J/cm2 with 25 pulses), decomposition of SiC particles was achieved as well as the dissolution of large AlMgSiCr and AlFeSi intermetallic particles in the melt layer. The melt layer had a relatively complex microstructure consisting of three different regions. MgO was found at the bottom of the melted layer which was discontinuous along the interface between the melted region and bulk material or in some places, at the bottom of the melted layer. The corrosion behaviour of both materials before and after LSM was evaluated using electrochemical measurements and immersion test in deaerated 0.6 M NaCl solution. After LSM the AA6061-T6 with and without SiC showed a better corrosion resistance compared with untreated alloys. The pitting potential of the LSM for both materials was shifted to a more positive value with a significant reduction of the passivation current density. In addition, an intergranular corrosion test based on the standard ASTM G110-92 showed that the LSM had significantly improved the corrosion resistance of both materials due to dissolution of intermetallic particles as well as the removal of the SiC particles in the composite material within the melted regions. In addition, the wear resistance of as-received SiCp/AA6061-T6 composites was found to be much higher than that of the LSM specimen. This is attributed to the decomposition of the majority of the SiCp in the melted region since the contribution to the hardness from the SiC particle in the untreated specimen is much greater that the Si-rich region in the melt layer after LSM.
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Karimi, Neghlani Paria. "Electron beam melting of Alloy 718 : Influence of process parameters on the microstructure." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för avverkande och additativa tillverkningsprocesser (AAT), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13140.
Full textAbstract:
Additive manufacturing (AM) is the name given to the technology of building 3D parts by adding layer-by-layer of materials, including metals, plastics, concrete, etc. Of the different types of AM techniques, electron beam melting (EBM), as a powder bed fusion technology, has been used in this study. EBM is used to build parts by melting metallic powders by using a highly intense electron beam as the energy source. Compared to a conventional process, EBM offers enhanced efficiency for the production of customized and specific parts in aerospace, space, and medical fields. In addition, the EBM process is used to produce complex parts for which other technologies would be either expensive or difficult to apply. This thesis has been divided into three sections, starting from a wider window and proceeding to a smaller one. The first section reveals how the position-related parameters (distance between samples, height from build plate, and sample location on build plate) can affect the microstructural characteristics. It has been found that the gap between the samples and the height from the build plate can have significant effects on the defect content and niobium-rich phase fraction. In the second section, through a deeper investigation, the behavior of Alloy 718 during the EBM process as a function of different geometry-related parameters is examined by building single tracks adjacent to each other (track-by-track) andsingle-wall samples (single tracks on top of each other). In this section, the main focus is to understand the effect of successive thermal cycling on microstructural evolution. In the final section, the correlations between the main machine-related parameters (scanning speed, beam current, and focus offset) and the geometrical (melt pool width, track height, re-melted depth, and contact angle) and microstructural (grain structure, niobium-rich phase fraction, and primary dendrite arm spacing) characteristics of a single track of Alloy 718 have been investigated. It has been found that the most influential machine-related parameters are scanning speed and beam current, which have significant effects on the geometry and the microstructure of the single-melted tracks.
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Nöbauer, Henrik. "Residual stresses and distortions in austenitic stainless steel 316L specimens manufactured by Selective Laser Melting." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för svetsteknologi (SV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12771.
Full textAbstract:
Residual stresses are one of the major challenges in additive manufacturing of metallic materials today. They are induced during manufacturing because of the rapid local heating and cooling and may cause distortions, cracking and delamination between layers. The magnitude of the residual stresses depends on factors such as manufacturing technology, material, part geometry, scanning strategy, process parameters, preheating temperature and density of the component. In the present work, the magnitudes of residual stresses and distortions in austenitic stainless steel 316L components manufactured by Selective Laser melting have been investigated. Four specimens with rectangular cross-sections where produced with different heights and wall thicknesses. The residual stresses were measured by two different methods, x-ray diffraction and Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) incremental hole drilling in order to see how well they correspond to each other. The results showed peaks of high tensile stresses in the building direction in all specimens. The magnitudes of stresses were similar in all four specimens. The largest distortions occurred when the wall thickness was increased, and the height was reduced. It was also shown that the measurements made by x-ray diffraction and ESPI incremental hole drilling were not consistent with each other. The latter showed unrealistically high measurements near the surface.
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Karlsson, Joakim. "Optimization of Electron Beam Melting for Production of Small Components in Biocompatible Titanium Grades." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236709.
Full textAbstract:
Additive manufacturing (AM), also called 3D-printing, are technologies where parts are formed from the bottom up by adding material layer-by-layer on top of each other. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is an AM technique capable of manufacturing fully solid metallic parts, using a high-intensity electron beam to melt powder particles in layers to form finished components. Compared to conventional machining, EBM offers enhanced efficiency for production of customized and patient specific parts such as e.g. dental prosthetics. However, dental prosthetics are challenging to produce by EBM, as their small sizes mean that mechanical and surface properties may be altered as part sizes decreases. The aim of this thesis is to gain new insights that could lead to optimization for production of small sized components in the EBM. The work is focused to understand the process-property relationships for small size components production. To improve the surface resolution and part detailing, a smaller sized powder was used for production and compared to parts made with standard sized powder. The surface-, chemical and mechanical properties were evaluated for parts produced with both types of powders. The results indicate that the surface roughness may be influenced by powder and build layer thickness size, whereas the mechanical properties showed no influence of the layer-wise production. However, the mechanical properties are dependent on part size. The outermost surface of the parts consists of a surface oxide dominated by TiO2, formed as a result of reaction between the surface and residual gases in the EBM build chamber. The surface oxide thickness is comparable to that of a conventionally machined surface, but is dependent on build height. This work concludes that the surface resolution and component detailing can be improved by various measures. Provided that proper process themes are used, the EBM manufactured material is homogenous with properties comparable to conventional produced titanium. It has also been shown that the material properties will be altered for small components. The results point towards different ways of optimizing manufacturing of dental prosthetics by EBM, which will make dental prosthetics available for an increased number of patients.
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Piispanen, Peter. "Synthesis and characterization of surfactants based on natural products." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3383.
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Vrána, Radek. "STUDY OF ENERGY ABSORPTION IN MICRO – STRUT LATTICE STRUCTURE PRODUCED BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401608.
Full textAbstract:
Předložená dizertační práce je součástí většího výzkumného projektu, který si klade za cíl využití mikro prutové konstrukce vyrobené technologií SLM jako absorbér rázové energie s přesně navrženými vlastnostmi. Hlavním cílem práce je vývoj numerického modelu deformačního chování mikro-prutové konstrukce vyrobeného technologií Selective Laser Melting (SLM) z materiálu AlSi10Mg. Aby bylo možné dosáhnout hlavního cíle dizertační práce, bylo nutné analyzovat vliv procesních parametrů technologie SLM na tvorbu vnitřních materiálových vad a drsnost povrchu při výrobě mikro-prutové konstrukce. Tyto imperfekce degradují její mechanické vlastnosti a jejich odstranění zlepší možnosti a přesnost numerické predikce. Výsledky ukazují významný vliv dvou hlavních parametrů – skenovací rychlosti laseru a výkonu laseru. Na základě těchto poznatků byly dále definovány parametry vstupní energie Ein a lineární energie Elin, které zahrnují oba zmíněné parametry a byly definovány jejich limitní hodnoty pro minimalizaci vzniklých imperfekcí. Deformační chování vyrobené mikro-prutové konstrukce bylo analyzováno na navrženém pádové zařízení, které umožňuje testování s dopadovou energií až 120 J. Deformační chování je vyhodnocováno s využitím obrazové analýzy záznamu vysoko rychlostní kamery a silového průběhu z tenzometru. Výsledky analýzy byly využity pro validaci numerického modelu v programu ANSYS Explicit, do kterého byly implementovány poznatky o reálném tvaru vyrobeného mikro-prutového materiálu ve formě eliptického modelu geometrie a informace o reálných mechanických vlastnostech ve formě vyvinutého materiálového modelu. Výsledné porovnání výsledků experimentu s predikcí numerického modelu ukazují dobrou shodu v místě maximálního zatížení Fmax (odchylka 5 %) i průběhu celé deformace vzorku. Tyto poznatky budou v budoucnu využity při návrhu absorbéru energie s definovanými mechanickými vlastnostmi.
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Donat-Magnin, Marion. "Variabilité atmosphérique en Antarctique de l'Ouest : Impact sur la circulation océanique et sur le bilan de masse de surface de la calotte Interannual Variability of Summer Surface Mass Balance and Surface Melting in the Amundsen Sector, West Antarctica." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU032.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis les années 90, l’Antarctique de l’Ouest, dont le secteur d’Amundsen, affiche une importante perte de masse provenant principalement de l’accélération des glaciers côtiers en réponse à une fonte océanique plus conséquente sous les plateformes de glace. Ces plateformes sont généralement confinées est agissent comme un verrou pour l’écoulement. En subissant davantage de fonte basale, les plateformes deviennent fragiles et les glaciers en amont s’accélèrent, contribuant ainsi à augmenter le niveau des mers. L’avenir de l’Antarctique de l’Ouest est particulièrement préoccupant car sa configuration rend la calotte sujette à une instabilité marine. Par ailleurs, ces plateformes pourraient s’affaiblir sous l’effet d’une augmentation de la fonte de surface dans un climat plus chaud (hydrofracturation), rendant là aussi une instabilité possible. L’arrivée de ces instabilités pourrait être freinée ou compensée par l’évolution du bilan de masse de surface qui se compose majoritairement de précipitations neigeuses, sporadiquement augmenté par la pluie, et légèrement amoindri par la sublimation et le runoff. Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation de l’ensemble des processus atmosphériques et océaniques pouvant faire évoluer la contribution de l’Antarctique de l’Ouest au niveau des mers.Pour cela une projection océanique représentant les cavités sous-glaciaires a d’abord été réalisée avec le modèle NEMO. La circulation induite par la fonte océanique modifie la réponse de l’océan côtier à un futur changement de circulation atmosphérique, si bien qu’utiliser des modèles de climat ne représentant pas les cavités donne une indication faussée du réchauffement de l’océan autour de la calotte. Nous avons également mis en évidence une rétroaction positive entre la fonte sous-glaciaire et le retrait de la ligne d’échouage, entraînant une augmentation de la fonte jusqu’à 2.5 fois. Ces résultats indiquent la nécessité de coupler des modèles de calotte et d’océan pour établir des projections futures, même si les projections envisagées dans cette thèse restent relativement idéalisées.Pour établir des projections de bilan de masse de surface, il est nécessaire d’utiliser un modèle atmosphérique avec une représentation fine des processus polaires, notamment ceux liés au manteau neigeux. Ainsi nous avons utilisé le modèle atmosphérique régional MAR pour établir des projections dans le secteur d’Amundsen. Nous avons d’abord montré que MAR est approprié pour représenter le climat de surface observé en Antarctique de l’Ouest. Nous avons trouvé qu’aucun des modes climatiques (ASL, SAM, ENSO) n’expliquent plus de 50% de la variance de la fonte et du SMB en été à l’échelle interannuelle, et il est donc difficile d’utiliser des projections des modes climatiques comme indication de l’évolution du climat de surface.Forcé par le signal multi-modèle CMIP5 dans le scénario rcp85, MAR prévoit une augmentation du bilan de masse de surface de 30-40% d’ici 2100. Cette augmentation est équivalente à une baisse de 0.33 mm/an de niveau des mers, ce qui compenserait l’effet de la dynamique si celle-ci restait à son niveau actuel (0.26 mm/an). Ces projections indiquent également 5 à 15 fois plus de fonte de surface sur les plateformes du secteur Amundsen, mais la quasi-totalité de la fonte produite chaque année continue à regeler dans la couche de neige annuelle, et ne devrait donc contribuer de manière importante ni au bilan de masse de surface ni à l’hydrofracturation.Il ressort de ces travaux qu’un couplage océan/calotte dans les modèles de climat est primordial pour simuler le futur de l’Antarctique et de l’océan Austral. Une représentation fine des processus liés à la fonte de surface et au regel dans le névé est également essentielle car la possibilité d’hydrofracturation des plateformes dans un climat plus chaud relève d’un équilibre subtil entre l’augmentation de l’accumulation, de la température, et les rétroactions liées à l’albédo et à l’humiditéWest Antarctica, and particularly the Amundsen sector, has shown since the 1990s a large increase of mass loss related to coastal glacier acceleration in response to an increase of oceanic melt underneath ice shelves. Ice shelves play a buttressing role for ice-stream and increased oceanic melt therefore lead to ice shelves thinning and glacier acceleration, which contributes to sea level rise. West Antarctica is of particular concern because its configuration is prone to marine ice-sheet instability. It has been suggested that ice shelves weaken under large surface melt in a warmer climate (hydrofracturing), possibly leading to another kind of instability. Instabilities could be slowed down or compensated by future Surface Mass Balance (SMB) that consists mainly of snowfall, sporadic rainfall, and is slightly reduced by sublimation and runoff. The main objective of this PhD work is to model the atmospheric and oceanic processes that will most likely affect the future West Antarctic contribution to sea level rise.First, oceanic projections have been developed using the NEMO ocean model. The ocean circulation induced by ice-shelf basal melting affects the ocean response to future changes in surface winds. Therefore, models that do not represent ice-shelf cavities produce wrong warming patterns around Antarctica. A positive feedback between oceanic melting and grounding-line retreat has been identified and can increase melt rates by a factor of 2.5. These results are strong incentive to couple ocean and ice sheet models, although the projections proposed here are relatively idealized.To run SMB and surface melting projections, an atmospheric model with a fine representation of polar processes, including those related to the snowpack, is needed. MAR is found to be an appropriate tool to simulate the present-day surface climate in the Amundsen region. We find that none of the large climate modes of variability (ASL, SAM, ENSO) explains more than 50% of surface melt and SMB summer variance at the interannual timescale. The use of climate mode variability projections to estimate the future surface climate of West Antarctica is therefore not trivial.Forced by the CMIP5 multi-model mean under the RCP8.5 scenario, MAR predicts an increase of SMB by 30-40% for the end of the 21st century. This increase corresponds to 0.33 mm yr-1 of sea level drop down, which is higher than the current West Antarctic contribution of ~0.26 mm yr-1 from ice dynamics. Surface melt is also projected to increase by a factor of 5 to 15 over the Amundsen ice shelves, but most of it is projected to refreeze in the annual snow layer, so future melting should not have a strong contribution to SMB or hydrofracturing.To conclude we show that coupled ocean and ice sheet climate models are essential to simulate the future of Antarctica and Southern Ocean. A fine representation of surface melt and refreezing processes within the snowpack is also crucial as possible hydrofracturing is threatening in a warmer climate and it comes within a delicate equilibrium between snowfall, air temperature, and feedback related to albedo and humidity
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Dupont, Florent. "Télédétection micro-onde de surfaces enneigées en milieu arctique : étude des processus de surface de la calotte glaciaire Barnes, Nunavut, Canada." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5306.
Full textAbstract:
Résumé : La région de l'archipel canadien, située en Arctique, connaît actuellement d'importants changements climatiques, se traduisant notamment par une augmentation des températures, une réduction de l'étendue de la banquise marine et du couvert nival terrestre ou encore une perte de masse significative des calottes glaciaires disséminées sur les îles de l'archipel. Parmi ces calottes glaciaires, la calotte Barnes, située en Terre de Baffin, ne fait pas exception comme le montrent les observations satellitaires qui témoignent d'une importante perte de masse ainsi que d'une régression de ses marges, sur les dernières décennies.
Bien que les calottes glaciaires de l'archipel canadien ne représentent que quelques dizaines de centimètres d'élévation potentielle du niveau des mers, leur perte de masse est une composante non négligeable de l'augmentation actuelle du niveau des mers. Les projections climatiques laissent à penser que cette contribution pourrait rester significative dans les décennies à venir. Cependant, afin d'estimer les évolutions futures de ces calottes glaciaires et leur impact sur le climat ou le niveau des mers, il est nécessaire de caractériser les processus physiques tels que les modifications du bilan de masse de surface. Cette connaissance est actuellement très limitée du fait notamment du sous-échantillonnage des régions arctiques en terme de stations météorologiques permanentes.
Une autre particularité de certaines calottes de l'archipel canadien, et de la calotte Barnes en particulier, est de présenter un processus d'accumulation de type glace surimposée, ce phénomène étant à prendre en compte dans l'étude des processus de surface.
Pour pallier au manque de données, l'approche retenue a été d'utiliser des données de télédétection, qui offrent l'avantage d'une couverture spatiale globale ainsi qu'une bonne répétitivité temporelle. En particulier les données acquises dans le domaine des micro-ondes passives sont d'un grand intérêt pour l'étude de surfaces enneigées. En complément de ces données, la modélisation du manteau neigeux, tant d'un point de vue des processus physiques que de l'émission électromagnétique permet d'avoir accès à une compréhension fine des processus de surface tels que l'accumulation de la neige, la fonte, les transferts d'énergie et de matière à la surface, etc. Ces différents termes sont regroupés sous la notion de bilan de masse de surface. L'ensemble du travail présenté dans ce manuscrit a donc consisté à développer des outils permettant d'améliorer la connaissance des processus de surface des calottes glaciaires du type de celles que l'on rencontre dans l'archipel canadien, l'ensemble du développement méthodologique ayant été réalisé sur la calotte Barnes à l'aide du schéma de surface SURFEX-CROCUS pour la modélisation physique et du modèle DMRT-ML pour la partie électromagnétique.
Les résultats ont tout d'abord permis de mettre en évidence une augmentation significative de la durée de fonte de surface sur la calotte Barnes (augmentation de plus de 30% sur la période 1979-2010), mais aussi sur la calotte Penny, elle aussi située en Terre de Baffin et qui présente la même tendance (augmentation de l'ordre de 50% sur la même période).
Ensuite, l'application d'une chaîne de modélisation physique contrainte par diverses données de télédétection a permis de modéliser de manière réaliste le bilan de masse de surface de la dernière décennie, qui est de +6,8 cm/an en moyenne sur la zone sommitale de la calotte, qui est une zone d'accumulation. Enfin, des tests de sensibilité climatique sur ce bilan de masse ont permis de mettre en évidence un seuil à partir duquel cette calotte voit disparaître sa zone d'accumulation. Les modélisations effectuées suggèrent que ce seuil a de fortes chances d'être atteint très prochainement, pour une augmentation de température moyenne inférieure à 1°C, ce qui aurait pour conséquence une accélération de la perte de masse de la calotte.
// Abstract : Significant climate change is curently monitored in the Arctic, and especially in the
region of the canadian arctic archipellago. This climate warming leads to recession of seaice
extent and seasonnal snow cover, and also to large mass loss of the archipellago’s ice
caps. One of the most southern ice cap, the Barnes Ice Cap, located on the Baffin Island,
is no exception to significant mass loss and margins recession as satellite observations
exhibited over the last decades.
Despite the relative low sea level potential of the small ice caps located in the canadian
arctic achipellago in regards to major ice sheets, Antarctica and Greenland, their
contribution to the current sea level rise is significant. Climate projections show that this
contribution could accelerate significant over the next decades. However, to estimate the
future evolution of these ice caps and their impact on climate or sea level rise, a better
characterisation of the surface processes such as the evolution of the surface mass balance
is needed. This knowledge is currently very limited, mainly due to the sparse covering of
automatic weather stations or in-situ measurements over the Arctic. Furthermore, several
ice caps, among with the Barnes Ice Cap, present a superimposed ice accumulation area
which particularities have to be taken into account in the surface processes studies.
Given the lack of in-situ data, the approach choosen in this work is to use remote sensing
data, that have the advantage to offer a good spatial and temporal coverage. In particular,
passive microwave data are very suitable for snowy surfaces studies. To complement
these data, physical and electromagnetic snowpack modeling provide a fine characterisation
of surface processes such as snow accumulation. The whole work presented in this
manuscript thus consisted in developping specific tools to improve the understanding of
surface processes of small arctic ice caps. This methodological development was performed
and applied on the Barnes Ice Cap using the surface scheme SURFEX-CROCUS and the
electromagnetic model DMRT-ML.
First results highlight a significant increase in surface melt duration over the past 3
decades on the Barnes Ice Cap (increase of more than 30% over 1979-2010 period). A
similar trend is also monitored over the Penny Ice Cap, located in the south part of the
Baffin Island (increase of more than 50% over the same period).
Then, the surface mass balance over the last decade was modeled by using a physical
based modeling chain constrained by remote sensing data. The results give a mean net
accumulation of +6,8 cm y−1 on the summit area of the ice cap. Finaly, sensitivity tests,
performed to investigate the climatic sensitivity of the surface mass balance, highlight a
threshold effect that may lead to a complete disapearence of the accumulation area of the
Barnes Ice Cap. With a temperature increase less than 1°C, modeling results suggest it is
likely that the threshold will be reached rapidly leading to an increase in mass loss from
the ice cap.
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Geist, Brian Lee. "Properties of Nanoscale Biomaterials for Cancer Detection and Other Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27630.
Full textAbstract:
The first thermal cycling experiments of ionic self-assembled multilayer (ISAM) films have been reported examining their survivability through repeated thermal cycles from -20° C to 120° C in ambient atmospheric conditions. The films were constructed from alternating layers of Nile Blue A and gold nanoparticles which provided a strong absorbance in the optical wavelength range. No degradation of the optical characteristics of the ISAM films was observed [1]. Techniques for measuring the capacitance and resistivity of various ISAM films have also been developed allowing for a more complete electrical characterization of ISAM films. Capacitance measurements enabled a calculation of the dielectric function and breakdown field strength of the ISAM films. The capacitance measurement technique was verified by measuring the dielectric function of a spin-coated thin film PMMA, which has a well characterized dielectric function [2]. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been studied as a possible detection method for malignant melanoma revealing spectral differences in blood sera from healthy horses and horses with malignant melanoma. A SERS microscope system was constructed with the capability of resolving the Raman signal from biologically important molecules such as beta-carotene and blood sera. The resulting Raman signals from sera collected from horses with malignant melanoma were found to have additional peaks not found in the Raman signals obtained from sera collected from healthy horses. A systematic analysis of the combination of absorbance and fluorescence signals of blood sera collected from populations of healthy dogs and dogs with cancer has resulted in a rapid and cost-effective method for monitoring protein concentrations that could possibly be used as part of a cancer screening process. This method was developed using the absorbance and fluorescence signals from known serum proteins, the combinations of which were used to match the absorbance and fluorescence signals of blood sera allowing for an accurate determination of protein concentrations in blood sera [3]. Finally, a novel method for measuring the melting point of DNA in solution using capacitance measurements is presented. This method allows for the determination of the melting temperature as well as the melting entropy and melting enthalpy of DNA strands. Two different short strands of DNA, 5'-CAAAATAGACGCTTACGCAACGAAAAC-3' along with its complement and 5'-GGAAGAGACGGAGGA-3' along with its complement were used to validate the technique as the characteristics of these strands could be modeled using theoretical methods. This experimental technique allows for the precise determination of the melting characteristics of DNA strands and can be used to evaluate the usefulness of theoretical models in calculating the melting point for particular strands of DNA. Additionally, a micro-fluidic device has been proposed that will allow for a rapid and cost-effective determination of the melting characteristics of DNA [4].Ph. D.
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Chanda, Jagannath. "Design of multifunctional materials with controlled wetting and adhesion properties." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-200803.
Full textAbstract:
Ice accretion on various surfaces can cause destructive effect of our lives, from cars, aircrafts, to infrastructure, power line, cooling and transportation systems. There are plenty of methods to overcome the icing problems including electrical, thermal and mechanical process to remove already accumulated ice on the surfaces and to reduce the risk of further operation. But all these process required substantial amount of energy and high cost of operation. To save the global energy and to improvement the safety issue in many infrastructure and transportation systems we have to introduce some passive anti-icing coating known as ice-phobic coating to reduce the ice-formation and ice adhesion onto the surface. Ice-phobic coatings mostly devoted to utilizing lotus-leaf-inspired superhydrophobic coatings. These surfaces show promising behavior due to the low contact area between the impacting water droplets and the surface.
In this present study we investigate systematically the influence of chemical composition and functionality as well as structure of surfaces on wetting properties and later on icing behavior of surfaces. Robust anti-icing coating has been prepared by using modified silica particles as a particles film. Polymer brushes were synthesized on flat, particle surfaces by using Surface initiated ATRP. We have also investigated the effect of anti-icing behavior on the surfaces by varying surface chemistry and textures by using different sizes of particles. This approach is based on the reducing ice accumulation on the surfaces by reducing contact angle hysteresis. This is achieved by introducing nano to micro structured rough surfaces with varying surface chemistry on different substrates.
Freezing and melting dynamics of water has been investigated on different surfaces by water vapour condensation in a high humidity (80%) condition ranging from super hydrophilic to super hydrophobic surfaces below the freezing point of water. Kinetics of frost formation and ice adhesion strength measurements were also performed for all samples. All these experiments were carried out in a custom humidity and temperature controlled chamber. We prepared a superhydrophobic surface by using Poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) modified fumed silica which display very low ice-adhesion strength almost 10 times lower than the unmodified surface. Also it has self-cleaning behavior after melting of ice since whole ice layer was folded out from the surface to remove the ice during melting. Systematic investigation of the effect of three parameters as surface energy, surface textures (structure, geometry and roughness) and mechanical properties of polymers (soft and stiff) on icing behavior has also been reported.
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Strand, Emil, and Alexander Wärnheim. "A study of micro- and surface structures of additive manufactured selective laser melted nickel based superalloys." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188154.
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This study examined the micro- and surface structures of objects manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The results show that the surface roughness in additively manufactured objects is strongly dependent on the geometry of the built part whereas the microstructure is largely unaffected. As additive manufacturing techniques improve, the application range increases and new parameters become the limiting factor in high performance applications. Among the most demanding applications are turbine components in the aerospace and energy industries. These components are subjected to high mechanical, thermal and chemical stresses and alloys customized to endure these environments are required, these are often called superalloys. Even though the alloys themselves meet the requirements, imperfections can arise during manufacturing that weaken the component. Pores and rough surfaces serve as initiation points to cracks and other defects and are therefore important to consider. This study used scanning electron-, optical- and focus variation microscopes to evaluate the microstructures as well as parameters of surface roughness in SLM manufactured nickel based superalloys, Inconel 939 and Hastelloy X. How the orientation of the built part affected the surface and microstructure was also examined. The results show that pores, melt pools and grains where not dependent on build geometry whereas the surface roughness was greatly affected. Both the Rz andRa values of individual measurements were almost doubled between different sides of the built samples. This means that surface roughness definitely is a factor to be considered when using SLM manufacturing.
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Melaine, Feriel. "Biopuce à aptamères : application à la détection de petites molécules par imagerie de résonnance plasmonique de surface." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY054/document.
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Les aptamères correspondent à de courtes séquences d'oligonucléotides possédant une forte affinité et spécificité envers un ligand (petites molécules organiques, peptides, acides nucléiques, protéines, cellules). Du fait de leurs remarquables propriétés, ils sont utilisés comme alternative aux anticorps dans les dispositifs de type biocapteur/biopuce, notamment pour la détection de petites molécules (PM < 2000 Da). L'imagerie de résonance des plasmons de surface (SPRi) est une technique de détection optique qui a gagné une attention croissante ces dernières années. Elle est basée sur un principe de variation de l'indice de réfraction d'une surface sélective lors de l'interaction sonde/cible. Sa sensibilité est néanmoins limitée aux molécules de poids moléculaire supérieur à 2000 Da. Dans le cadre de ces travaux, nous avons développé une biopuce à aptamères pour à la détection d'une petite molécule, l'adénosine, au moyen de la technique de résonance des plasmons de surface (SPR). Pour cela, deux différentes stratégies ont été développées. La première combine l'utilisation de nanoparticules d'or (AuNPs) pour l'amplification du signal SPRi avec l'ingénierie des séquences d'aptamères. La seconde stratégie est basée sur l'exploitation de la stabilité thermodynamique apportée par l'interaction de la cible (adénosine) avec les séquences d'aptamères. Le dispositif SPR est alors couplé à un système de régulation de température, permettant ainsi d'assurer la dissociation des complexes et d'établir des profils de dénaturation caractéristiques. Nos résultats initient ainsi une nouvelle approche dans la détection de petites molécules par SPRi et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de développement des biocapteurs à aptamèresAptamers are single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA molecules capable of binding to target molecules, including proteins, metal ions and drugs. Because of their specific binding abilities and many advantages over antibodies (higher stability, lower cost, easy chemical modification…), they provide a great opportunity to produce sensing surfaces for effective and selective detection of small molecules. Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) has become one of the most widely used label-free method for the study of biorecognition events on sensor surfaces. This technique provides a rapid approach, however, limited by low refractive index changes occurring when small molecules (<2000 Da) are captured on the sensor. Whereas significant reflectivity variation is observed upon the interaction of large molecules like proteins with the sensing interface, for small molecules targets such adenosine, the reflectivity variation is often too small to be detected by SPRi. Thereby, only few studies have been reported so far on SPRi-based biosensor for small molecules detection using aptamers. In this work, we developed two bioassay strategies for the detection of a model small molecule, adenosine, using Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging. The first one combines the SPRi signal enhancement effect induced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the advantage of using engineered DNA aptamers. The experimental results have demonstrated that the presence of gold nanoparticles and adenosine, which works as a molecular linker between engineered aptamer fragments, can significantly increase the SPRi response. The second strategy is based on the thermodynamics of binding between adenosine and its aptamer. To that end, SPRi technique was coupled with rigorous temperature control and aptamer duplex stability was monitored (affected by target binding) by quantification of melting transitions. Our results initiate a new approach for small molecule detection using SPRi with the aim to validate future prospects for integration in parallelized platform
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Sidhu, Kuldeep S. "Residual Stress Enhancement of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 by Laser Shock Peening and Ultrasonic Nano-crystal Surface Modification." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535464760914267.
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Fritzsch, Katja. "Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Korrosions- und Verschleißverhaltens der Magnesiumlegierung AZ91D mittels lokaler Elektronenstrahl-Flüssigphasen-Randschichtbehandlung." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-232556.
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Magnesiumwerkstoffe sind aufgrund ihrer geringen Dichte und hohen spezifischen Festigkeit für den Leichtbau prädestiniert. Ziel der vorgelegten Arbeit ist es, durch die gleichzeitige Verbesserung des Korrosions- und Verschleißverhaltens neue Anwendungsfelder für Magnesiumlegierungen zu erschließen. Anhand der Magnesiumlegierung AZ91D wurden die Möglichkeiten einer lokalen beanspruchungsgerechten Modifikation von Struktur und Gefüge im oberflächennahen Bereich durch eine Elektronenstrahl(EB)-Flüssigphasen-Randschichtbehandlung ohne Zusatzstoff (EB-Umschmelzen) und unter Verwendung von Al-Si-Zusatzstoffen (EB-Umschmelzlegieren) aufgezeigt. Die mittels verschiedener hochfrequenter Strahlablenktechniken erzeugten Schichten weisen eine deutliche Gefügefeinung, neue Gefügemorphologien sowie eine veränderte Phasenverteilung und/oder -neubildung auf, sind riss- und porenfrei und haben eine ausgezeichnete schmelzmetallurgische Anbindung an den Grundwerkstoff. Anhand von Tauchversuchen und potentiodynamischen Polarisationsmessungen in verschieden konzentrierten NaCl-Lösungen konnte eine signifikante Verbesserung des Korrosionsverhaltens der generierten Schichten im Vergleich zum Ausgangszustand nachgewiesen werden. EB-umschmelzlegierte Schichten weisen im Ergebnis von Trockenverschleißtests (Stift-Scheibe) eine deutliche Reduzierung des spezifischen Verschleißkoeffizienten auf.
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Vincent, Matthew Ryan. "Crystallization and Melting Studies of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Poly(ethylene oxide) using Flash™ Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Preparation and Characterization of Poly(δ-valerolactone) Fractions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101668.
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The isothermal crystallization and melting temperatures of poly(ε-caprolactone) were correlated using fast differential scanning calorimetry. The melting kinetics was found to be independent of isothermal crystallization temperature and time. The conventional Hoffman-Weeks method could not be used to determine the equilibrium melting temperature because the observed melting temperatures were greater than the crystallization temperatures by a constant, so the Gibbs-Thomson method was used instead, yielding an equilibrium melting temperature of 103.4 ± 2.3°C. A modification was proposed to the non-linear Hoffman-Weeks equation that included a non-linear undercooling dependence for the kinetic fold surface free energy upon crystallization and permitted accurate modeling of the observed melting behavior.
The isothermal crystallization rates of four narrow molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) fractions were characterized using fast differential scanning calorimetry for crystallization temperatures spanning 100°C range with the lower limit approaching the glass transition. A transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous primary nucleation was observed at −5°C. The kinetic analysis suggested that the crystal growth geometry depends strongly on temperature, where rod-like structures begin to appear near the glass transition temperature, highly branched solid sheaves grow throughout the homogeneous primary nucleation temperature range, and spherulites grow in the heterogenous primary nucleation range.
Poly(δ-valerolactone) was synthesized using microwave-assisted techniques. Narrow molecular weight fractions were obtained using successive precipitation fractionation. Preliminary isothermal crystallization studies suggest that conventional thermal analysis methods are not adequate to measure the melting temperatures accurately due to reorganization during heating.Doctor of Philosophy
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Nduwimana, Alexis. "Confinement effect on semiconductor nanowires properties." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19865.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Chou, Mei-Yin; Committee Member: First,Phillip; Committee Member: Gao, Jianping; Committee Member: Landman, Uzi; Committee Member: wang, Xiao-Qian.
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Hemette, Sylvain. "Rubber-ice friction : a multi-scale and multi-physical approach." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC017.
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La conduite sur glace peut se révéler une pratique difficile en raison de la mauvaise adhérence du pneu ainsi que les réglementations strictes limitant ou interdisant l’utilisation des pneus cloutés dans de nombreux pays. Dans ce contexte d’amélioration des conditions de sécurité routière pour les conditions climatiques extrêmes, il est nécessaire d’étudier et d’analyser avec précision le contact glissant entre le caoutchouc et la glace et de déterminer les différents mécanismes clés régissant le comportement tribologique de ce contact.La stratégie choisie dans le cadre de cette thèse consiste donc à étudier le contact caoutchouc-glace à différentes échelles – macrométrique (échelle d’une surface apparente de contact) et micrométrique (échelle d’un groupe de contact entre aspérités) – afin de lier les processus physiques de frottement et d’adhérence observés à l’échelle macrométrique à leurs causes potentielles induites à plus petite échelle.Un système basé sur une Appareil de Force de Surfaces (SFA), développé au laboratoire Kurihara, a été utilisé pour mesurer les interactions caoutchouc glace dans des conditions de température négative avec de couches de caoutchouc d’épaisseur micrométrique. La morphologie du caoutchouc est fortement influencée par la présence de silice et de noir de carbone au sein de matrice élastomère, formant des aspérités de 40 µm de diamètre. Ces aspérités ont une rigidité supérieure à celle de la matrice élastomère environnante. Elles sont également responsables d’une dissipation accrue pour des charges appliquées inférieures à 10 mN, ce qui peut être lié à un phénomène d’hystérésis provoqué par les charges tel que les effets Payne et Mullins et/ou un glissement à l’interface. Les propriétés viscoélastiques des couches minces de caoutchouc mesurées pour les différents échantillons concordent avec les mesures obtenues par l’Analyse Mécanique Dynamique (DMA).En parallèle, le tribomètre KŌRI, développé au LTDS, a été utilisé afin de réaliser des expériences de frottement caoutchouc-glace dans un environnement froid contrôlé (température et taux humidité). Une unité de fabrication de glace a également été conçue afin de produire un disque de glace transparent reproductible. La transparence de la glace permet d’étudier l’évolution du contact caoutchouc-glace pendant un essai de frottement. Le comportement du frottement a été analysé pour des vitesses de glissement comprises entre le µm/s et le m/s, des températures comprises entre -15°C à -2,5°C et différentes propriétés mécaniques du caoutchouc. Les courbes de frottement caoutchouc-glace en fonction de la vitesse présentent la forme caractéristique en cloche observée habituellement pour les caoutchoucs. En plus de la vitesse de glissement, le niveau de frottement dépend également de l’historique de glissement de la glace et des propriétés viscoélastique du caoutchouc. Un labourage de la surface de la glace par les aspérités présentes à la surface de l’élastomère a également été observé lors des mesures de frottement. Deux phases principales de frottement ont pu être identifiées. La première concerne les vitesses de glissement ‘faibles’ où la viscoélasticité du caoutchouc et le labourage de la surface de glace régissent le frottement. La seconde se produit à des vitesses plus élevées pour lesquelles des effets thermiques interviennentDriving on ice is a delicate exercise due to the poor adherence of tire on ice and the use of studded tires is tightly regulated or forbidden in many countries. In this context of road safety improvement under severe climatic conditions, it is necessary to precisely study and investigate the sliding contact between rubber and ice and to determine the different key mechanisms governing the tribological behavior of the rubber-ice contact.The strategy chosen in this work is to investigate the rubber-ice contact at different scales – macrometric (scale of apparent surface contact) and micrometric (scale of group of contact between asperities) – in order to link the physical process of friction and adhesion observed at the macrometric scale to their potential causes induced at subscale.A Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) based system, developed in Kurihara Laboratory, was used to measure rubber-ice interactions under negative temperature condition for thin rubber layer. The morphology of the rubber is strongly influenced by the presence of silica and carbon black within the elastomer matrix, forming bumps of 40 µm in diameter. These bumps have a larger rigidity than that of the surrounding elastomer matrix. They are also responsible for increased dissipation for applied loads lower than 10 mN which may be related to hysteresis phenomenon caused by fillers such as the Payne and Mullins effects and/or interface sliding. The viscoelastic properties of the rubber thin layer measured for the different rubber variants showed consistency with the dynamic mechanical analysis measurement.In parallel, the KŌRI tribometer, developed in LTDS, was used to perform rubber-ice friction experiments the contact under controlled cold environment (temperature and humidity rate). An ice manufacturing unit was also designed to produce a repeatable transparent vertically grown ice disc. The ice transparency makes it possible to investigate the evolution of the rubber-ice contact during friction. The friction behavior was analyzed at the macrometric scale for sliding velocities ranging from µm/s to m/s, temperatures ranging from -15°C to -2.5°C and various rubber mechanical properties. The rubber-ice friction as a function of the sliding velocity presents the characteristic bell-shaped curve observed usually for rubbers. In addition to the sliding velocity, the friction level also depends on the environmental temperature, the sliding history of the ice and the viscoelastic properties of the rubber. Ploughing of the ice surface by rubber asperities was observed during friction measurements. Two main friction phases were highlighted. The first one occurs for ‘low’ sliding velocities where rubber viscoelasticity and ice ploughing may govern the friction within the contact. The second one occurs at higher velocities where melting of the ice surface is expected due to frictional heating within the contact
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Mickelson, Leah E. "Cyanine Dye Interactions with Quadruplex and Duplex DNA: Changes in Conformation, Stability, and Affinity." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_theses/38.
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There is a high demand for quadruplex-specific compounds that not only bind preferentially to quadruplex DNA over duplex DNA, but also bind to one quadruplex motif over other motifs. Quadruplex structures are recognized as common occurrences in cancer cells, and if a compound could stabilize this structure, it may serve as an effective anti-cancer treatment with minimal side effects. In this study, cyanine dyes’ interactions with DNA were analyzed with fluorescence titrations, UV-Vis thermal studies, circular dichroism titrations, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. With these techniques, binding affinity, DNA stabilization, and conformational shifts were analyzed to determine if cyanine dyes could act as quadruplex-specific binding compounds for possible cancer treatments.
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Gilmore, Rhys. "An Evaluation of Ultrasonic Shot Peening and Abrasive Flow Machining As Surface Finishing Processes for Selective Laser Melted 316L." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1935.
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Additive Manufacturing, and specifically powder bed fusion processes, have advanced rapidly in recent years. Selective Laser Melting in particular has been adopted in a variety of industries from biomedical to aerospace because of its capability to produce complex components with numerous alloys, including stainless steels, nickel superalloys, and titanium alloys. Post-processing is required to treat or solve metallurgical issues such as porosity, residual stresses, and surface roughness. Because of the geometric complexity of SLM produced parts, the reduction of surface roughness with conventional processing has proven especially challenging. In this Thesis, two processes, abrasive flow machining and ultrasonic shot peening, are evaluated as surface finishing processes for selective laser melted 316L. Results of these experiments indicate that AFM can reliably polish as-built internal passages to 1 µm Ra or better but is unsuitable for passages with rapidly expanding or contracting cross-sections. AFM can also polish relatively small passages, but lattice components may prove too complex for effective processing. USP cannot achieve such low surface roughness, but it is a versatile process with multiple advantages. Exterior surfaces were consistently processed to 1.7 to 2.5 µm Ra. Interior surfaces experienced only partial processing and demonstrated high geometric dependence. USP significantly hardened the surface, but steel media hardened the surface better than ceramic media did. Both AFM and USP are recommended processes for the surface finishing of SLM manufactured parts. Good engineering judgement is necessary to determine when to use these processes and how to design for post-processing.
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Gouton, Lucille. "Formation par traitement de surface par laser d’une couche de chromine sur un alliage base nickel pour limiter le relâchement des cations en circuit primaire." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0034/document.
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Le contexte industriel de cette étude est la modification de surface de l’alliage 690(60%Ni, 30%Cr, 10%Fe) utilisé dans la fabrication de tubes de générateurs de vapeur.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est donc de former, par traitement de fusion par laser nanopulsé, une couche de Cr2O3 étanche au relâchement du nickel. Pour maîtriser la formation decette couche, il est primordial de déterminer les paramètres opératoires influant sur lespropriétés de cette couche. L’objectif scientifique est alors d’expliquer les phénomènesintervenant pendant et après l’impulsion laser au niveau de l’extrême surface.Suite à une étude paramétrique détaillée, un traitement de fusion superficielle par laser nanopulsé a permis d’obtenir un fort rapport Cr/Ni en surface et une couche d’oxyde dense etcontinue. Afin de vérifier l’efficacité du traitement, des coupons traités ont été introduits dansune boucle simulant le milieu primaire.Des expériences et des calculs ont été mis en oeuvre pour tenter d’expliquer l’enrichissementen chrome de la surface à l’aide de ce procédé. Les résultats expliquent l’enrichissement enchrome jusqu’à la solidification du bain liquide en surface qui précède la formation du Cr2O3favorisée par la forte affinité du chrome avec l’oxygène et la grande stabilité de l’oxyde Cr2O3Alloy 690 (60%Ni, 30%Cr, 10%Fe) is mainly used in primary circuit pipes fornuclear power plants.The aim of this thesis is to form a Cr2O3 layer, using laser surface melting, with the objective ofcreating a chromium-rich oxide layer. In order to optimize the treatment, it was first important todetermine parameters influence on the layer oxide properties then, with the objective of adeeper understanding of mechanisms involved, to address thermo-physical phenomenaoccurring during and after the laser pulse striking the upper surface.A deep parametric study first enabled to find an optimized laser surface treatment whichproduces chromium enrichment of the upper surface and a dense and continuous oxide layer.This treatment has been applied on samples, set in a primary medium simulation loop.Experiments and calculations were carried out to provide understanding of surface chromiumenrichment by laser process. The results were shown to explain chromium enrichment until meltpool solidification occurred on the upper surface, assumingly just before chromium oxideformation. This was also promoted by a high affinity with oxygen and a higher stability of Cr2O3oxide compared with other potential oxide formation
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Klimek, Ľubomír. "Vývoj procesních parametrů slitiny mědi pro 3D tisk tenkostěnných struktur." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-379039.
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In the work is used the processing of metallic material by the method of Selective Laser Melting. The main objective is to verify and describe the influence of the individual process parameters entering the production process when processing the alloy Cu7.2Ni1.8Si1Cr with SLM. This alloy contains 90 % copper. The first theoretical part of the thesis describes so far processed copper alloys with a high content of copper using the method of Selective Laser Melting. The practical part then deals with the specification of the main process parameters, which are optimized in the next part of the work solution. On the basis of the information obtained experimental bodies have been created, which will be tested and analyzed in several steps. The work focuses on thin-walled samples, which have a perspective use in the creation of highefficiency heat exchangers. The main results that the work deals with are the relative density and mechanical properties of the material. Also, great emphasis is placed on the resulting surface quality
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Barinka, Michal. "Modifikace povrchu materiálu vytvořeného technikou SLM." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449795.
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This diploma thesis deals with the surface modification of 3D printed metallic materials. The research part presents the most used methods of additive manufacturing and their process parameters influencing the quality of printed components. Defects arising during these processes and the techniques used to eliminate them are also described. In the experimental part of the work, the optimization of electrochemical polishing parameters was performed. The aim was to modify the rough surface of the components and thus prevent the formation of defects on the surface. The mechanical properties were investigated by means of three-point bending under static and dynamic loading. Fractographic analysis was performed on the quarry surfaces.
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Ward, Nicholas Rhys. "The rate-limiting mechanism for the heterogeneous burning of iron in normal gravity and reduced gravity." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16673/.
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This thesis presents a research project in the field of oxygen system fire safety relating to the heterogeneous burning of iron in normal gravity and reduced gravity. Fires involving metallic components in oxygen systems often occur, with devastating and costly results, motivating continued research to improve the safety of these devices through a better understanding of the burning phenomena. Metallic materials typically burn in the liquid phase, referred to as heterogeneous burning. A review of the literature indicates that there is a need to improve the overall understanding of heterogeneous burning and better understand the factors that influence metal flammability in normal gravity and reduced gravity. Melting rates for metals burning in reduced gravity have been shown to be higher than those observed under similar conditions in normal gravity, indicating that there is a need for further insight into heterogeneous burning, especially in regard to the rate-limiting mechanism. The objective of the current research is to determine the cause of the higher melting rates observed for metals burning in reduced gravity to (a) identify the rate-limiting mechanism during heterogeneous burning and thus contribute to an improved fundamental understanding of the system, and (b) contribute to improved oxygen system fire safety for both ground-based and space-based applications. In support of the work, a 2-s duration ground-based drop tower reduced-gravity facility was commissioned and a reduced-gravity metals combustion test system was designed, constructed, commissioned and utilised. These experimental systems were used to conduct tests involving burning 3.2-mm diameter cylindrical iron rods in high-pressure oxygen in normal gravity and reduced gravity. Experimental results demonstrate that at the onset of reduced gravity, the burning liquid droplet rapidly attains a spherical shape and engulfs the solid rod, and that this is associated with a rapid increase in the observed melting rate. This link between the geometry of the solid/liquid interface and melting rate during heterogeneous burning is of particular interest in the current research. Heat transfer analysis was performed and shows that a proportional relationship exists between the surface area of the solid/liquid interface and the observed melting rate. This is confirmed through detailed microanalysis of quenched samples that shows excellent agreement between the proportional change in interfacial surface area and the observed melting rate. Thus, it is concluded that the increased melting rates observed for metals burning in reduced gravity are due to altered interfacial geometry, which increases the contact area for heat transfer between the liquid and solid phases. This leads to the conclusion that heat transfer across the solid/liquid interface is the rate-limiting mechanism for melting and burning, limited by the interfacial surface area. This is a fundamental result that applies in normal gravity and reduced gravity and clarifies that oxygen availability, as postulated in the literature, is not rate limiting. It is also established that, except for geometric changes at the solid/liquid interface, the heterogeneous burning phenomenon is the same at each gravity level. A conceptual framework for understanding and discussing the many factors that influence heterogeneous burning is proposed, which is relevant to the study of burning metals and to oxygen system fire safety in both normal-gravity and reduced-gravity applications.
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García-Verdugo, Zuil Ana, and Martín Amanda Herrero. "Additive manufacturing and radio frequency filters : A case study on 3D-printing processes, postprocessing and silver coating methods." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280572.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive way to shorten development time, reduce product weight and allow the manufacturing of more complex products than by conventional manufacturing processes. The problem arises when the previous traditional manufacturing requirements need to be fulfilled by AM as well as the volume production capability. This investigation is done together with Ericsson to evaluate the possibilities of the different AM technologies, post-processing methods and silver coating processes to guarantee the specifications of radiofrequency (RF) filters. Here, minimal RF signal insertion losses are targeted. Since insertion losses are dependent on surface roughness, surface smoothness is sought as well. Ericsson simulation software uses correction factors to account for surface roughness, however there are some inconsistencies between the simulated and actual surface roughness that is allowed in the parts. In AM parts, surface roughness is not easy to control since it depends on parameters related to feedstock, process and machine properties. Commonly, most AM components do not comply with requirements of lower surface roughness values. Therefore, parts need to be smoothened before silver plated; this step is necessary to ensure the electrical conductivity in this specific application. These finishing processes add costs to the final product and increase time to market. Firstly, a comprehensive study was carried out to better understand the landscape of AM technologies, postprocessing and silver coating methods. Secondly, the different processes are assessed with the help of selection matrices, considering the products requirements. The components to print are two RF filters with different shapes and dimensions but similar requirements. The CAD design is modified depending on each AM process and directly affects the results. Afterwards, the design of an experimental plan is carried out; the number of samples of each part comparing AM technologies, feedstock, different suppliers (3D printing and post-processing) is obtained. Due to budget and time restrictions, the parts were printed using Multi Jet Fusion and Selective Laser Melting processes. After printing, tolerances and surface roughness were measured. This thesis results in the selection of suitable AM technologies and post-processing methods for RF filters. For MJF printed cavities at 0˚, 30˚ and 90˚ orientation, the best results for this application are obtained at 30˚ providing a good balance between sharp detail and smooth surfaces. In the case of SLM, waveguides are printed at 0˚ and 30˚. 30˚ waveguides present lower surface roughness values than the 0˚ ones as inner support material is needed at 0˚ orientation. SLM cavities were printed at 30˚ in seek of asymmetry between faces, resulting in higher surface roughness in the downfacing face.