Relevant bibliographies by topics / Surface free energy

Academic literature on the topic 'Surface free energy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Surface free energy"

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Chibowski, Emil. "Apparent Surface Free Energy of Superhydrophobic Surfaces." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 25, no. 12 (January 2011): 1323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016942411x555890.

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Ip, S. W., and J. M. Toguri. "The equivalency of surface tension, surface energy and surface free energy." Journal of Materials Science 29, no. 3 (February 1994): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00445980.

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CHAUDHURY, M. K., and G. M. WHITESIDES. "Correlation Between Surface Free Energy and Surface Constitution." Science 255, no. 5049 (March 6, 1992): 1230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5049.1230.

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Bachurová, Marcela, and Jakub Wiener. "Free Energy Balance of Polyamide, Polyester and Polypropylene Surfaces." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 4 (December 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700411.

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The wettability of a solid surface is often characterized by the contact angle of liquid on the solid surface. The wettability is pertinent to surface energy, which is an important parameter. The wettability can be affected, for example, by the roughness of the solid surface. In our work textiles are used as macroscopic roughness surfaces, and smooth plate surfaces are used as well to determine surface energies. For the calculation of surface energies it is fundamental to know the contact angle. The advancing and receding contact angles are measured, and the relation between the hysteresis and surface energy is monitored.
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Dourado, F., F. M. Gama, E. Chibowski, and M. Mota. "Characterization of cellulose surface free energy." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 12, no. 10 (January 1998): 1081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856198x00740.

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Scala, A., F. W. Starr, E. La Nave, H. E. Stanley, and F. Sciortino. "Free energy surface of supercooled water." Physical Review E 62, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 8016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.62.8016.

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JANCZUK, BRONISLAW, and TOMASZ BIALOPIOTROWICZ. "Free surface energy of some polymers." Polimery 32, no. 07/08 (July 1987): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1987.269.

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Gruebele, Martin. "Protein folding: the free energy surface." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 12, no. 2 (April 2002): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00304-4.

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Della Volpe, C., D. Maniglio, M. Brugnara, S. Siboni, and M. Morra. "The solid surface free energy calculation." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 271, no. 2 (March 2004): 434–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2003.09.049.

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Siboni, S., C. Della Volpe, D. Maniglio, and M. Brugnara. "The solid surface free energy calculation." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 271, no. 2 (March 2004): 454–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2003.09.050.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surface free energy"

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Yildirim, Ismail. "Surface Free Energy Characterization of Powders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27525.

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Microcalorimetric measurements and contact angle measurements were conducted to study the surface chemistry of powdered minerals. The contact angle measurements were conducted on both flat and powdered talc samples, and the results were used to determine the surface free energy components using Van Oss-Chaudhury-Good (OCG) equation. It was found that the surface hydrophobicity of talc increases with decreasing particle size. At the same time, both the Lifshitz-van der Waals (gSLW) and the Lewis acid-base (gSAB) components (and, hence, the total surface free energy (gS)) decrease with decreasing particle size. The increase in the surface hydrophobicity and the decrease in surface free energy (gS) can be attributed to preferential breakage of the mineral along the basal plane, resulting in the exposure of more basal plane surfaces to the aqueous phase. Heats of immersion measurements were conducted using a flow microcalorimeter on a number of powdered talc samples. The results were then used to calculate the contact angles using a rigorous thermodynamic relation. The measured heat of immersion values in water and calculated contact angles showed that the surface hydrophobicity of talc samples increase with decreasing particle size, which agrees with the direct contact angle measurements. A relationship between advancing water contact angle qa, and the heat of immersion (-DHi) and surface free energies was established. It was found that the value of -DHi decrease as qa increases. The microcalorimetric and direct contact angle measurements showed that acid-base interactions play a crucial role in the interaction between talc and liquid. Using the Van Oss-Chaudhury-Goodâ s surface free energy components model, various talc powders were characterized in terms of their acidic and basic properties. It was found that the magnitude of the Lewis electron donor, gS-, and the Lewis electron acceptor, gS+, components of surface free energy is directly related to the particle size. The gS- of talc surface increased with decreasing particle size, while the gS+ slightly decreased. It was also found that the Lewis electron-donor component on talc surface is much higher than the Lewis electron-acceptor component, suggesting that the basal surface of talc is basic. The heats of adsorption of butanol on various talc samples from n-heptane solution were also determined using a flow microcalorimeter. The heats of adsorption values were used to estimate % hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity and the areal ratios of the various talc samples. In addition, contact angle and heat of butanol adsorption measurements were conducted on a run-of-mine talc sample that has been ground to two different particle size fractions, i.e., d50=12.5 mm and d50=3.0 mm, respectively. The results were used to estimate the surface free energy components at the basal and edge surfaces of talc. It was found that the total surface free energy (gS) at the basal plane surface of talc is much lower than the total surface free energy at the edge surface. The results suggest also that the basal surface of talc is monopolar basic, while the edge surface is monopolar acidic. The results explain why the basicity of talc surface increases with decreasing particle size as shown in the contact angle and microcalorimetric measurements. Furthermore, the effects of the surface free energies of solids during separation from each other by flotation and selective flocculation were studied. In the present work, a kaolin clay sample from east Georgia was used for the beneficiation tests. First, the crude kaolin was subjected to flotation and selective flocculation experiments to remove discoloring impurities (i.e., anatase (TiO2) and iron oxides) and produce high-brightness clay with GE brightness higher than 90%. The results showed that a clay product with +90% brightness could be obtained with recoveries (or yields) higher than 80% using selective flocculation technique. It was also found that a proper control of surface hydrophobicity of anatase is crucially important for a successful flotation and selective flocculation process. Heats of immersion, heats of adsorption and contact angle measurements were conducted on pure anatase surface to determine the changes in the surface free energies as a function of the surfactant dosage (e.g. hydroxamate) used for the surface treatment. The results showed that the magnitude of the contact angle and, hence, the surface free energy and its components on anatase surface varies significantly with the amount of surfactant used for the surface treatment.
Ph. D.
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Zhang, Jinhong. "Surface Forces between Silica Surfaces in CnTACl Solutions and Surface Free Energy Characterization of Talc." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29997.

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In general, the stability of suspension can be studied using two methods. One is to directly measure the forces between two interacting surfaces in media. The other is to study the interfacial surface free energies of the particles in suspension. Direct surface force measurements were conducted between silica surfaces in octadecyltrimetylammonium chloride (C₁₈TACl) solutions using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The results showed that the hydrophobic force existed in both air-saturated and degassed C₁₈TACl solutions. The attraction decreased with NaCl addition, and was the strongest at the point of charge neutralization (p.c.n.) of silica substrate. The force measurement results obtained in CnTACl solutions showed that the attractions decayed exponentially and became the maximum at the p.c.n.'s. The decay lengths (D) increased with surfactant chain length. The measured forces were fitted to a charged-patch model of Miklavic et al. (1994) with rather large patch sizes. It was also found that the decay length decreased linearly with the effective concentration of the CH2/CH3 groups raised to the power of -1/2. This finding is in line with the model of Eriksson et al. (1989). It suggested that the long-range attractions are hydrophobic forces originating from the changes in water structure across a hydrophobic surface-solution interface. For the TiO₂/water/TiO₂ system, the Hamaker constant was found to be 4±1×10-20 J. The force curves obtained in the TiO₂/CnTACl system showed a repulsion-attraction-repulsion transition with increasing surfactant concentration. The long-range attraction observed between TiO₂ surfaces in CnTACl solutions reached maximum at the p.c.n., and the decay length increased with chain length. In present work, the thin-layer wicking technique was used to determine the surface free energy (γs) and its components of talc samples. The results showed that the basal surfaces of talc are weakly basic while the edge surfaces are acidic. The effect of chemicals on the surface free energies of talc was systemically studied. The results showed that CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt) and EO/PO (ethylene oxide/propylene oxide) co-polymers made talc surface hydrophilic by increasing the surface free energies, especially γLW and γ -. SOPA (sodium polyacrylate) increased greatly the zeta-potentials instead of the surface free energies.
Ph. D.
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Ozcan, Canturk. "Surface Free Energy Evaluation, Plasma Surface Modification And Biocompatibility Studies Of Pmma." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607414/index.pdf.

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PMMA is a widely used biomaterial especially in the fields of orthopedia, orthodontia and ophthalmology. When biocompatibility is considered, modification of the biomaterials&
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surface may be needed to optimize interactions of the biomaterial with the biological environment. After the surface modifications one of the most important changes that occur is the change in the surface free energy (SFE). SFE is an important but an obscure property of the material and evaluation methods with different assumptions exist in the literature. In this study, SFE of pristine and oxygen plasma modified PMMA films were calculated by means of numerous theoretical approaches (Zisman, Saito, Fowkes, Berthelot, Geometric and Harmonic Mean and Acid-Base) using numerous liquids and the results were compared to each other to elucidate the differences of methods. Dispersive, polar, acidic and basic components of the SFE were calculated by the use of different liquid couples and triplets with the application of Geometric and Harmonic mean methods and Acid-Base approach. The effect of SFE and the components of SFE on the cell attachment efficiencies were examined by using fibroblast cells. It was observed that with the treatment of oxygen plasma, cell attachment capability and hydrophilicity of PMMA surfaces were altered depending on the applied power and duration of the plasma.
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Teh, Hee Min. "Hydrodynamic performance of free surface semicircular breakwaters." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7652.

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Different types of breakwaters have been developed in the past for the protection of valuable coastal property, commercial activity and beach morphology. Among these, gravity-type breakwaters are the most common and provide good surface wave attenuation. However, these breakwaters are not always suitable due to their adverse impact on the coastal environment. To alleviate the problem, free surface breakwaters with a variety of caisson designs have been proposed and developed. The main advantages of such breakwaters are low capital cost, freedom from silting and scouring, short construction period, circulation of water beneath the breakwater and exertion of relatively low hydrodynamic forces on the structure as compared to conventional breakwaters. However, complete tranquillity on the lee side is not likely to occur due to wave energy transfer through the permeable parts of the breakwater. The degree of wave attenuation primarily depends on the configuration of the breakwater, the water depth and the incident wave conditions. The hydrodynamic performance of such free surface breakwaters is the subject of this thesis. Semicircular breakwaters mounted on a low-crested rubble mound structure were successfully built for harbour protection in Japan and China. However, the concept of having semicircular structures as free surface breakwaters has not yet been explored by the research community. As a result, this research is initiated with the aim of developing a free surface semicircular breakwater (SCB) that would serve as an anti-reflection barrier and provide reasonably good wave protection to coastal and marine infrastructures. To meet this research goal, a free surface SCB models were constructed and tested in a wave flume under various wave conditions. The experiments were conducted in three stages. For the first stage, the SCB model was initially tested without any perforations on the curved surface (i.e. a solid SCB) for different depths of immersion from the still water level in the wave flume. For the second stage, the front curved wall of the model was subsequently perforated with rectangular openings of different dimensions, producing front wall porosity of 9, 18 and 27%. Following this, two rows of rectangular openings near the crest of the rear curved wall were provided so as to facilitate water infiltration and escape of the run-up waves. For the third stage, additional effort was made to extend the draft of the breakwater by adding a wave screen at the front or/and rear. The screen porosity was 25, 40 and 50%. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the SCB models were investigated in both regular and irregular seas through a series of systematic experimental programme. The water surface elevations were measured at different locations upstream and downstream of the models to determine the coefficients of wave transmission (CT), reflection (CR) and energy dissipation (CL) as well as the wave climate coefficients in front and inside the breakwater chamber. The horizontal wave forces exerted on the SCB models and the wave screen(s) were also measured and subsequently normalised to yield the force coefficients in the analysis. These hydrodynamic coefficients for the respective test cases are presented and discussed in this thesis. The experimental results revealed that even though the solid SCB was a better wave attenuator than the perforated ones, it produced a considerable amount of wave reflection. The perforated SCB with 9% porosity of the front wall (denoted as SCB9) outperformed the other perforated breakwater models; however, it produced high wave transmission when the draft was limited and subjected to longer period waves. Hence, wave screens were added to further enhance the performance of the SCB9. The SCB9 with double screens of 25% porosity was found to provide the highest hydraulic performance. Empirical equations were developed using a multiple regression technique to provide design formulae for wave transmission, wave reflection and horizontal wave forces. The proposed empirical equations showed good agreement with the experimental data. These equations are intended to be of direct use to engineers in predicting the hydrodynamic performance of free surface SCBs. However, sensible engineering judgement must be taken while using these equations as they are based on small scale laboratory tests.
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Luangtana-Anan, Manee. "The role of surface free energy in the compaction of powders." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329066.

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Lobato, Emilio Marcus de Castro. "Determination of Surface Free Energies and Aspect Ratio of Talc." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35743.

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Microcalorimetric measurements and contact angle measurements were conducted to assess the surface chemistry of the mineral talc. The contact angles were performed on both flat and powdered samples and the results were used to determine the surface free energy components and parameters (SFEC) using the acid-base theory for solids, according to the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good approach. It was found that the surface hydrophobicity of talc increases with decreasing particle size up to a limit after which hydrophilicity (polarity) increases. The increase in hydrophobicity was attributed to the increase of the delamination of the lamellar talc particles. Delamination is a comminution mechanism that preferentially exposes talc's hydrophobic basal planes, while fracture is another mechanism that breaks the lamellae, rupturing covalent bonds thus exposing more hydrophilic edge surfaces. The decrease in hydrophobicity, beyond a given particle size, could be related to the prevail of fracture over delamination during grinding which generated more hydrophilic edge surfaces.

The flow microcalorymetry combined with thin layer wicking allowed the separate estimation of the SFEC at the basal plane and edge surfaces of talc. The results suggested that the basal surface of talc is monopolar basic, while the edge surface is monopolar acidic, which are in agreement with the crystal structure of the mineral.

The combination of two particle size distribution techniques, which are based on different physical principles, permitted the quantitative determination of the aspect ratio of highly anisometric particles, such as talc. The same trend obtained using flow microcalorimetry was observed for the evolution of the aspect ratio as a function of particle fineness, i.e. the fracture prevails over delamination after achieving a maximum aspect ratio value of about 35. The agreement between two distinct methods was considered rather encouraging.


Master of Science
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Doshi, Urmi R. "One-dimensional free energy surface models of protein folding: connecting theory and experiments." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6875.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Biochemistry. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Wang, Feng. "Non-Boltzmann sampling for the accurate calculation of peptide-surface adsorption free energy." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1193079364/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Clemson University, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 132 p. ; also includes graphics (chiefly col.). Contains additional supplemental file.
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Sumner, Loren Bryan Stout. "Energy stability of thermocapillary convection in liquid bridges with a deformed free surface." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17140.

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Warren, Jonathan Peter. "Quantum evaporation of ³He from the free surface of ⁴He." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275902.

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Books on the topic "Surface free energy"

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Stephan, Berko, Mills Allen P, Crane William S, and Canter Karl F, eds. Positron studies of solids, surfaces, and atoms: A symposium to celebrate Stephan Berko's 60th birthday, Brandeis University, December 12, 1984. Singapore: World Scientific, 1986.

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Papanikolaou, N. Handbook of calculated electron momentum distributions, compton profiles, and x-ray form factors of elemental solids. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Allen, Michael P., and Dominic J. Tildesley. Inhomogeneous fluids. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803195.003.0014.

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In this chapter, the special techniques needed to simulate and calculate properties for inhomogeneous systems are presented. The estimation of surface properties, such as the interfacial tension, may be accomplished by a variety of methods, including the calculation of the stress tensor profiles, the change in the potential energy on scaling the surface area at constant volume, the observation of equilibrium capillary wave fluctuations, or direct free energy measurement by cleaving. The structure within the interface is also of interest, and ways of quantifying this are described. Practical issues such as system size, preparation of a two-phase system, and equilibration time, are discussed. Special application areas, such as liquid drops, fluid membranes, and liquid crystals, are described.
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Barnard, Amanda S. Size-dependent phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.5.

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This article investigates size-dependent phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale. In general, the crystallization of a nanomaterial into a particular structure is kinetically driven. However, the choice of which structure occurs in a specific size range is often a result of thermodynamics. These size-dependent phase relationships may be explored by analyzing the free energy and enthalpy of formation. This article considers the size-dependent phase stability of nanomaterials based on experimental and theoretical studies of zirconia and titania. It describes the use of bulk phase diagrams to capture important information on the stability of materials. It also highlights some of the physical parameters that influence phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale, including temperature, pressure, shape, solution chemistry, surface chemistry and surface charge.
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Kanduč, M., A. Schlaich, E. Schneck, and R. R. Netz. Interactions between biological membranes: theoretical concepts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0012.

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In this chapter we review the various types of generic (non-specific) forces acting between lipid membranes in an aqueous environment and discuss the underlying mechanisms, with particular focus on the competing roles of enthalpic and entropic contributions. The interaction free energy (or interaction potential) is typically the result of a subtle interplay of several, often antagonistic contributions with comparable magnitude. First, we will briefly introduce the underlying physics of various kinds of surface–surface interactions, starting with theories of van der Waals and undulation interactions, covering electrostatics, depletion, and order–parameter fluctuation effects as well. We then turn our attention to a strong and universal repulsive force at small membrane–membrane separations, namely the hydration interaction. It has been under debate and investigation for decades and is not well captured by continuum approximations, thus here we will mainly rely on atomistic simulation techniques.
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Allen, Michael P., and Dominic J. Tildesley. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803195.003.0011.

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This chapter explains some of the fundamental issues associated with applying perturbations to a molecular dynamics simulation, along with practical details of methods for studying systems out of equilibrium. The main emphasis is on fluid flow and viscosity measurements. Spatially homogeneous perturbations are described to study shear and extensional flow. Non-equilibrium methods are applied to the study of heat flow and the calculation of the thermal conductivity. Issues of thermostatting, and the modelling of surface-fluid interactions for inhomogeneous systems, are discussed. The measurement of free energy changes through non-equilibrium work expressions such as those of Jarzynski and Crooks is also explained.
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Humpston, Giles, and David M. Jacobson. Principles of Soldering. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.ps.9781627083522.

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Principles of Soldering serves as a problem-solving guide for engineers who work with soldering processes and soldered components and assemblies. It begins with a review of key process parameters, including surface energy and tension, wetting and contact angle, fluid flow, filler spreading characteristics, dissolution of parent materials, and intermetallic growth. It then examines the factors that influence the functional integrity of soldered joints and the practicality of the process employed. It discusses the metallurgy of solder alloy systems, the effect of metallic impurities, and the use of phase diagrams to better understand and control the soldering process. It explains how joining atmospheres influence chemical reactions and how fluxes help remove surface oxides and other films. It describes the benefits of fluxless soldering and the role of materials in defining process constraints. It also covers lead-free solders, bump bonding, amalgams, and diffusion soldering as well as mechanical property testing, joint characterization and modeling techniques, and solderability standards. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-792-5, follow this link.
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Mark, James E., Dale W. Schaefer, and Gui Lin. The Polysiloxanes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195181739.001.0001.

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Polysiloxanes are the most studied inorganic and semi-inorganic polymers because of their many medical and commercial uses. The Si-O backbone endows polysiloxanes with intriguing properties: the strength of the Si-O bond imparts considerable thermal stability, and the nature of the bonding imparts low surface free energy. Prostheses, artificial organs, objects for facial reconstruction, vitreous substitutes in the eyes, and tubing take advantage of the stability and pliability of polysiloxanes. Artificial skin, contact lenses, and drug delivery systems utilize their high permeability. Such biomedical applications have led to biocompatibility studies on the interactions of polysiloxanes with proteins, and there has been interest in modifying these materials to improve their suitability for general biomedical application. Polysiloxanes examines novel aspects of polysiloxane science and engineering, including properties, work in progress, and important unsolved problems. The volume, with ten comprehensive chapters, examines the history, preparation and analysis, synthesis, characterization, and applications of these polymeric materials.
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Rickard, David. Framboids. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080112.001.0001.

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Framboids may be the most astonishing and abundant natural features you have never heard of. These microscopic spherules of golden pyrite consist of thousands of even smaller microcrystals, often arranged in stunning geometric arrays. There are probably 1030 on Earth, and they are forming at a rate of 1020 every second. This means that there are a billion times more framboids than sand grains on Earth, and a million times more framboids than stars in the observable universe. They are all around us: they can be found in rocks of all ages and in present-day sediments, soils, and natural waters. The sulfur in the pyrite is mainly produced by bacteria, and many framboids contain organic matter. They are formed through burst nucleation of supersaturated solutions of iron and sulfide, followed by limited crystal growth in diffusion-dominated stagnant sediments. The framboids self-assemble as surface free energy is minimized and the microcrystals are attracted to each other by surface forces. Self-organization occurs through entropy maximization, and the microcrystals rotate into their final positions through Brownian motion. The final shape of the framboids is often actually polygonal or partially facetted rather than spherical, as icosahedral microcrystal packing develops. Their average diameter is around 6 microns and the average microcrystal size is about 0.1 microns. There is no significant change in these dimensions with time: the framboid is an exceptionally stable structure, and the oldest may be 2.9 billion years old. This means that they provide samples of the chemistry of ancient environments.
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Olshanski, Grigori. Enumeration of maps. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.26.

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This article discusses the relationship between random matrices and maps, i.e. graphs drawn on surfaces, with particular emphasis on the one-matrix model and how it can be used to solve a map enumeration problem. It first provides an overview of maps and related objects, recalling the basic definitions related to graphs and defining maps as graphs embedded into surfaces before considering a coding of maps by pairs of permutations. It then examines the connection between matrix integrals and maps, focusing on the Hermitian one-matrix model with a polynomial potential and how the formal expansion of its free energy around a Gaussian point (quadratic potential) can be represented by diagrams identifiable with maps. The article also illustrates how the solution of the map enumeration problem can be deduced by means of random matrix theory (RMT). Finally, it explains how the matrix model result can be translated into a bijective proof.
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Book chapters on the topic "Surface free energy"

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Zhang, Junyan. "Surface Free Energy." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 3443–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_450.

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Czack, Gerhard, Gerhard Kirschstein, Wolfgang Kurtz, and Frank Stein. "Surface Free Energy. Surface Tension." In W Tungsten, 74–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10154-4_2.

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Sander, D., and H. Ibach. "4.4 Surface free energy and surface stress." In Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter, 303–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10783464_10.

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Voronkov, V. V. "Free Energy of a Stepped Surface." In Growth of Crystals, 145–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7125-4_8.

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van Oss, C. J. "Surface free energy contribution to cell interactions." In Springer Series in Biophysics, 131–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74471-6_8.

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Szymczak, W. G. "Energy losses in non-classical free surface flows." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 413–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0938-3_39.

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Etzler, Frank M., and Sorana Pisano. "Tablet Tensile Strength: Role of Surface Free Energy." In Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, 397–418. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119117018.ch16.

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Zhu, Yimei, Hiromi Inada, Achim Hartschuh, Li Shi, Ada Della Pia, Giovanni Costantini, Amadeo L. Vázquez de Parga, et al. "Surface Free Energy and Chemical Potential at Nanoscale." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 2582. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100810.

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Etzler, Frank M., and Sorana Pisano. "Tablet Tensile Strength: Role of Surface Free Energy." In Adhesion in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Dental Fields, 51–74. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119323716.ch3.

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Bonzel, H. P., and K. Dückers. "Relationship Between Anisotropy of Specific Surface Free Energy and Surface Reconstruction." In Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VII, 429–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73902-6_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Surface free energy"

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Borycki, Jerzy, and Malgorzata Okulska-Bozek. "Surface free energy of polyimide aligning layers." In XIII International Conference on Liquid Crystals: Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, edited by Stanislaw J. Klosowicz, Jolanta Rutkowska, Jerzy Zielinski, and Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.385696.

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Borycki, Jerzy, Malgorzata Okulska-Bozek, Jerzy Kedzierski, and Marek A. Kojdecki. "Correlation between surface free energy and anchoring energy of 6CHBT on polyimide surface." In XIV Conference on Liquid Crystals, Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, edited by Jolanta Rutkowska, Stanislaw J. Klosowicz, and Jerzy Zielinski. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.472165.

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Borycki, Jerzy, Maria Wilczek, Jerzy Kedzierski, and Marek A. Kojdecki. "Surface free energy of chosen polyimides and anchoring energy of 6CHBT on these surfaces." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.581211.

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Cristofano, Luca, and Matteo Nobili. "Validation of free surface vortex analytical models." In 2015 5th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iyce.2015.7180741.

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Vázquez, G., J. González-Álvarez, M. S. Freire, J. Santos, R. Uceira, and G. Antorrena. "Surface characterization of rotary-peeled eucalyptus veneers by confocal laser scanning microscopy and surface free energy and contact angle determination." In CONTACT/SURFACE 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/secm090221.

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Bokor, J. "Time-resolved ultraviolet photoemission studies of surface dynamics." In Free-Electron Laser Applications in the Ultraviolet. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fel.1988.thc1.

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Picosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is a newly developed technique for studying dynamical processes at surfaces. The basic concept is to make use of the power of angle-resolved photoemission to analyze both the energy as well as momentum dynamics of electrons in bulk crystals as well as on crystal surfaces that have first been photoexcited to normally empty states lying above the Fermi-level. Using this technique, bulk and surface conduction band electrons have been studied on InP1,2, GaAs Schottky barriers3, and Si4 surfaces. These initial studies demonstrate the power and versatility of the technique, and point toward a wide array of investigations into surface dynamics.
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Celniker, G., and D. Gossard. "Energy-Based Models for Free-Form Surface Shape Design." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0025.

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Abstract A parametric description of an elastic surface is used as the basis for a free-form shape design package. The energy functional of shape deformation are used to develop the equations of motion for the surface. The user, interacting with the model during a time simulation of its motion, is capable of guiding the surface into desirable configurations. The dynamic nature of these models cause them to seek shapes with desirable properties which can free the user from having to control every aspect of the surface while achieving design goals. The strong analogy between these models and physical systems allows the user to control the shape in intuitive fashions. This approach gives the user considerable control of the global aspects of the shape while retaining control of small scale local shape.
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Ryntz, Rose A., Kim E. Scarlet, Jeffrey A. Henchel, and Krysten L. Arthur. "Adhesion of Automotive Coatings to Low Surface Free Energy Substrates." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/930050.

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Zhao, Cunhua, Gaoqi Lu, Daling Wei, Xinhua Hong, Dongqing Cui, and Changliu Gao. "Research on surface free energy of electrowetting liquid zoom lens." In International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2011. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.900142.

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Batishcheva, Kseniya, and Anastasiya Islamova. "Investigation of free surface energy of rough aluminum alloy substrate." In INTERNATIONAL YOUTH SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN THE THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENERGY EQUIPMENT” (HMTTSC 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5120648.

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Reports on the topic "Surface free energy"

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Campiglia, Andres D., and Florencio E. Hernandez. Field-deployable, nano-sensing approach for real-time detection of free mercury, speciation and quantification in surface stream waters and groundwater samples at the U.S. Department of Energy contaminated sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150748.

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Lokke, Arnkjell, and Anil Chopra. Direct-Finite-Element Method for Nonlinear Earthquake Analysis of Concrete Dams Including Dam–Water–Foundation Rock Interaction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/crjy2161.

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Evaluating the seismic performance of concrete dams requires nonlinear dynamic analysis of two- or three-dimensional dam–water–foundation rock systems that include all the factors known to be significant in the earthquake response of dams. Such analyses are greatly complicated by interaction between the structure, the impounded reservoir and the deformable foundation rock that supports it, and the fact that the fluid and foundation domains extend to large distances. Presented in this report is the development of a direct finite-element (FE) method for nonlinear earthquake analysis of two- and three-dimensional dam–water–foundation rock systems. The analysis procedure applies standard viscous-damper absorbing boundaries to model the semi-unbounded fluid and foundation domains, and specifies at these boundaries effective earthquake forces determined from a ground motion defined at a control point on the ground surface. This report is organized in three parts, with a common notation list, references, and appendices at the end of the report. Part I develops the direct FE method for 2D dam–water–foundation rock systems. The underlying analytical framework of treating dam–water–foundation rock interaction as a scattering problem, wherein the dam perturbs an assumed "free-field" state of the system, is presented, and by applying these concepts to a bounded FE model with viscous-damper boundaries to truncate the semi-unbounded domains, the analysis procedure is derived. Step-by-step procedures for computing effective earthquake forces from analysis of two 1D free-field systems are presented, and the procedure is validated by computing frequency response functions and transient response of an idealized dam–water–foundation rock system and comparing against independent benchmark results. This direct FE method is generalized to 3D systems in Part II of this report. While the fundamental concepts of treating interaction as a scattering problem are similar for 2D and 3D systems, the derivation and implementation of the method for 3D systems is much more involved. Effective earthquake forces must now be computed by analyzing a set of 1D and 2D systems derived from the boundaries of the free-field systems, which requires extensive book-keeping and data transfer for large 3D models. To reduce these requirements and facilitate implementation of the direct FE method for 3D systems, convenient simplifications of the procedure are proposed and their effectiveness demonstrated. Part III of the report proposes to use the direct FE method for conducting the large number of nonlinear response history analyses (RHAs) required for performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) of concrete dams, and discusses practical modeling considerations for two of the most influential aspects of these analyses: nonlinear mechanisms and energy dissipation (damping). The findings have broad implications for modeling of energy dissipation and calibration of damping values for concrete dam analyses. At the end of Part III, the direct FE method is implemented with a commercial FE program and used to compute the nonlinear response of an actual arch dam. These nonlinear results, although limited in their scope, demonstrate the capabilities and effectiveness of the direct FE method to compute the types of nonlinear engineering response quantities required for PBEE of concrete dams.
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Moreda, Fekadu, Benjamin Lord, Mauro Nalesso, Pedro Coli Valdes Daussa, and Juliana Corrales. Hydro-BID: New Functionalities (Reservoir, Sediment and Groundwater Simulation Modules). Inter-American Development Bank, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009312.

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The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) provides financial and technicalsupport for infrastructure projects in water and sanitation, irrigation, flood control, transport, and energy, and for development projects in agriculture, urban systems, and natural resources. Many of these projects depend upon water resources and may be affected negatively by climate change and other developments that alter water availability, such as population growth and shifts in land use associated with urbanization, industrial growth, and agricultural practices. Assessing the potential for future changes in water availability is an important step toward ensuring that infrastructure and other development projects meet their operational, financial, and economic goals. It is also important to examine the implications of such projects for the future allocation of available water among competing users and uses to mitigate potential conflict and to ensure such projects are consistent with long-term regional development plans and preservation of essential ecosystem services. As part of its commitment to help member countries adapt to climate change, the IDB is sponsoring work to develop and apply the Regional Water Resources Simulation Model for Latin America and the Caribbean, an integrated suite of watershed modeling tools known as Hydro-BID. Hydro-BID is a highly scalable modeling system that includes hydrology and climate analysis modules to estimate the availability of surface water (stream flows) at the regional, basin, and sub-basin scales. The system includes modules for incorporating the effects of groundwater and reservoirs on surface water flows and for estimating sediment loading. Data produced by Hydro-BID are useful for water balance analysis, water allocation decisions, and economic analysis and decision support tools to help decision-makers make informed choices among alternative designs for infrastructure projects and alternative policies for water resources management. IDB sponsored the development of Hydro-BID and provides the software and basic training free of charge to authorized users; see hydrobidlac.org. The system was developed by RTI International as an adaptation of RTI's proprietary WaterFALL® modeling software, based on over 30 years of experience developing and using the U.S. National Hydrography Dataset (NHDPlus) in support to the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In Phase I of this effort, RTI prepared a working version of Hydro-BID that includes: (1) the Analytical Hydrography Dataset for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC AHD), a digital representation of 229,300 catchments in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean with their corresponding topography, river, and stream segments; (2) a geographic information system (GIS)-based navigation tool to browse AHD catchments and streams with the capability of navigating upstream and downstream; (3) a user interface for specifying the area and period to be modeled and the period and location for which water availability will be simulated; (4) a climate data interface to obtain rainfall and temperature inputs for the area and period of interest; (5) a rainfall-runoff model based on the Generalized Watershed Loading Factor (GWLF) formulation; and (6) a routing scheme for quantifying time of travel and cumulative flow estimates across downstream catchments. Hydro-BID generates output in the form of daily time series of flow estimates for the selected location and period. The output can be summarized as a monthly time series at the user's discretion. In Phase II of this effort, RTI has prepared an updated version of Hydro-BID that includes (1) improvements to the user interface; (2) a module to simulate the effect of reservoirs on downstream flows; (3) a module to link Hydro-BID and groundwater models developed with MODFLOW and incorporate water exchanges between groundwater and surface water compartments into the simulation of sur
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