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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface electrical properties'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 March 2025

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1

Thompson, Dudley William, and Pamela Gillian Pownall. "Surface electrical properties of calcite." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 131, no. 1 (August 1989): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(89)90147-1.

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2

Baichenko, A. A., Al A. Baichenko, and M. A. Mel’tinisov. "Surface electrical properties of coal particles." Soviet Mining Science 21, no. 2 (March 1985): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02499628.

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3

Rasmusson, Mikael, Bengt-Erik Mellander, and Jonathan Ennis. "Surface Electrical Properties of Polystyrene Latex." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 209, no. 2 (January 1999): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1998.5791.

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4

Rasmusson, Mikael, and Staffan Wall. "Surface Electrical Properties of Polystyrene Latex." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 209, no. 2 (January 1999): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1998.5861.

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5

Harder, André, Anatoly Zaiat, Florian Michael Becker-Dombrowsky, Steffen Puchtler, and Eckhard Kirchner. "Investigation of the Voltage-Induced Damage Progression on the Raceway Surfaces of Thrust Ball Bearings." Machines 10, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100832.

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In the course of the electrification of powertrains, rolling element bearings are increasingly subject to electrical damage. In contrast to mechanically generated pittings, voltage-induced surface damage is a continuous process. Though several approaches for the description of the damage state of a bearing are known, a generally accepted quantification for the bearing damage has not been established yet. This paper investigates surface properties, which can be used as a metric damage scale for the quantification of the electric bearing damage progression. For this purpose, the requirements for suitable surface properties are defined. Afterwards, thrust ball bearings are installed on a test rig, with constantly loaded mechanically and periodically damaged electrically in multiple phases. After each phase, the bearings are disassembled, the bearing surfaces are graded and measured for 45 different standardized surface properties. These properties are evaluated with the defined requirements. For the ones meeting the requirements, critical levels are presented, which allow for a quantified distinction between grey frosting and corrugation surfaces. These values are compared with measurements presented in the literature showing that the identified surface properties are suitable for the quantification of electrical bearing damages.

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6

Dzubenko, L. S., P. P. Gorbyk, O. O. Sapyanenko, and S. M. Makhno. "The polyethylene-based composite films, containing carbon nanofibers and magnetic nanoparticles." SURFACE 14(29) (December 30, 2022): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2022.14.213.

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There are influence of Fe/C as polymer composition component studied, for use as PCM of special purposes, on structure, mechanical, and electrophysical properties, when regarding to goal for usage possibilty establishing for carbon and iron-containing material of Fe/C, and last was synthesized with CVD technique on iron-containing catalyst. There were PEHD- and nano-disperse addition of Fe/C - based composite films prepared, with hot pressing method, of mass equation in 42/58 for Fe/C, and addition content in PCM of 1 – 15 % mass. Then, there were films oriented with thermogradient hot stretching.. It is established, that Fe/C presence is decreasing for maximal stretching value λmax, for pure HDPE, to 5 for highly-loaded compositions. There are addition’s influence on PE phase transitions in composite films: when at low addition’s contents, then, there are forming more perfect crystallic structure of more larger and uniform crystallites by dimensions, but, at those higher - less uniform one. It is established, that specific saturation magntetization values (σs ), for composite and non-oriented films, are increasing, from 1.1 Gs∙cm3/g for film of 5 %mass. of Fe/C, to 5.6 Gs∙cm3/g (film of 15 % mass. Fe/C). There are cohertzitive power values, changing dependently from Fe/C comtent, from 97 to 99 E. It is founded, that electrical conductivity values (s), at frequency of 1 kHz , is absent, for non-oriented film of 1 %mass. Fe/C (σ=9,4∙10-11 Om-1cm-1), but, for those non-oriented ones of 5- 15 %mass. are 2,4∙10-5 ‒ 1∙10 Om-1cm-1. Where are orientational stretching actions, there are decreasing in electrical conductivity values - σ=1,4∙10-12‒2,7∙10‑1 Om-1cm-1 for films of λ=5‒6. Those films, when at own intrinsic structure-mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties, depending of Fe/C content, are perspective ones as magnetic, anti-static and electrical conductive materials.

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7

Pernica, Roman, Miloš Klíma, Pavel Londák, and Pavel Fiala. "Modification of Insulating Properties of Surfaces of Dielectric High-Voltage Devices Using Plasma." Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (May 22, 2024): 4399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114399.

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Plasma discharges under atmospheric pressure are applicable for modifying the electrical properties of dielectric surfaces. The aim of the plasma discharge treatment of such surfaces is to design a procedure so that its characteristic parameters improve the resulting levels of the breakdown electrical strength Eb when tested under pulsed or alternating electrical voltages. In this research, a set of functional experiments performed by using plasma in samples of two types of materials (thermoset, thermoplastic) were processed and evaluated, and the resulting effect of the magnitude of the breakdown electrical voltage, electrical intensity, and electrical conductivity of the surface were compared. A slit plasma chamber, previously described and parameterized, was employed to treat the surface of the dielectric samples. The surface structure was modified via plasma discharge without precursors, and methodologies were developed to evaluate these modifications with respect to the change in the electrical strength parameters of the insulator surface. Subsequently, the surface strength of the affected and unaffected samples was measured and evaluated as a function of exposure time, and the stability of the modification was assessed. The first methodical test showed that plasma discharge without precursors improved the long-term surface electrical strength of the dielectric surface. The test and its parameters were carried out with respect to feasibility in an industrial environment.

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8

Cortalezzi, Maria M. "Surface Properties Reversibly Switched Using Electrical Potential." MRS Bulletin 28, no. 4 (April 2003): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2003.75.

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9

Lee, Rochelle S., Tae Kyum Kim, Sang Won Lee, Kyu Yeon Cho, Jong Hyun Choi, Mi Yeong Kim, and Jae Cheol Shin. "Electrical Properties of Surface-Passivated GaAs Nanowires." Applied Science and Convergence Technology 27, no. 6 (November 30, 2018): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5757/asct.2018.27.6.166.

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10

Sugihara, S., T. Bak, J. Nowotny, M. Rekas, and C. C. Sorrell. "Surface electrical properties of Gd-doped PbZrO3." Ionics 4, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02375782.

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11

Nelles, Jürgen, Dorota Sendor, Frank-Martin Petrat, and Ulrich Simon. "Electrical properties of surface functionalized silicon nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 12, no. 4 (June 18, 2009): 1367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9676-0.

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12

Luisetto, M., G. Tarro, Edbey Khaled, Ahmad Khan Farhan, Ilman Ahnaf, AR Yesvi, BA Nili, C. Fiazza, GR Mashori, and OY Latyshev. "Coronavirus COVID-19 surface properties: Electrical charges status." International Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Biochemical Technology 4, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 016–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijcmbt.1001021.

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Aim of this work is to analyze the coronavirus viral surface properties related the pattern of electrical features. This chemical physical property is relevant and crucial to set profile of diffusion, severity of disease, efficacy of therapeutic strategy and in order to search new way to fight COVID-19 and the NEW VARIANT. The phenomena of immune evasion and the different pattern of efficacy towards variants of some vaccine or some antibodies combination produce the need to verify if considering the electrical feature of viral surface can be a right tool or not. As result of this research it is possible to submit to the scientist that the viral surface properties and electrical feature can be an element to be considered in various preventive or treatment measure. The specificity of action of some vaccine or antibodies seem to tell us that also the aspecific methods are useful. A specific chemico physical factors can influence the electrical charges viral surface behavior. Hpertonic saline solution, humidity, electrical charge barrier in mask are simply example of the effect. That can be obtained action on viral surface chemico -physical properties.

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13

Khanmamedova, E. "Electrical conductivity properties of graphene oxide." InterConf, no. 32(151) (April 20, 2023): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.04.2023.063.

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The electrical conductivity of GO can be tuned by controlling the degree of oxidation and the density of functional groups on its surface. Generally, the more oxygen-containing functional groups that are present on the surface of GO, the higher its electrical conductivity. However, if the degree of oxidation is too high, the electrical conductivity may decrease due to the increased insulating properties of the material.

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14

Chen, Cheng-Ying, Ming-Wei Chen, Jr-Jian Ke, Chin-An Lin, José R. D. Retamal, and Jr-Hau He. "Surface effects on optical and electrical properties of ZnO nanostructures." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 11 (August 6, 2010): 2055–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-12-05.

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This article presents a comprehensive review of the current research addressing the surface effects on physical properties and potential applications of nanostructured ZnO. Studies illustrating the transport, photoluminescence (PL), and photoconductivity properties of ZnO with ultrahigh surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio are reviewed first. Secondly, we examine recent studies of the applications of nanostructured ZnO employing the surface effect on gas/chemical sensing, relying on a change of conductivity via electron trapping and detrapping process at the surfaces of nanostructures. Finally, we comprehensively review the photovoltaic (PV) application of ZnO nanostructures. The ultrahigh S/V ratios of nanostructured devices suggest that studies on the synthesis and PV properties of various nanostructured ZnO for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) offer great potential for high efficiency and low-cost solar cell solutions. After surveying the current literature on the surface effects on nano-structured ZnO, we conclude this review with personal perspectives on a few surface-related issues that remain to be addressed before nanostructured ZnO devices can reach their ultimate potential as a new class of industrial applications.

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15

HASEGAWA, SHUJI, and SHOZO INO. "CORRELATION BETWEEN ATOMIC-SCALE STRUCTURES AND MACROSCOPIC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METAL-COVERED Si(111) SURFACES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 07, no. 22 (October 10, 1993): 3817–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979293003504.

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In this review, we discuss the relation between the atomic-scale structures (atomic arrangements and electronic states) and the macroscopic electrical properties (surface conductance and Schottky barriers) of metal(Ag, Au, or In)-covered Si (111) surfaces. These surfaces have been one of the most intensively investigated systems with the use of a variety of modern surface science techniques, and diversified information at atomic scales has been obtained. The data of reflection high-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, photoemission spectroscopies, and others are utilized here for characterizing the structures. Surface conductance and Schottky barriers, on the other hand, have also been the major areas in semiconductor physics for, especially device-oriented, research, but these have rarely been studied in combination with atomic-scale structures. These electrical properties have recently been found to be crucially dependent on the local atomic structures of well-defined surfaces/interfaces. The atomic arrangements and the resulting surface/interface electronic states govern the Fermi-level pinning and band bending which determine the electrical properties of semiconductor surfaces/interfaces.

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16

Tofail, Syed Ansar M., Abbasi A. Gandhi, Maros Gregor, and Joanna Bauer. "Electrical properties of hydroxyapatite." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0936.

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AbstractDespite being one of the mostly studied biomaterials for orthopedic, dental, protein purification and stem cell applications, electrical properties of hydroxyapatite has received only limited attention. Since the prediction in 2005 of the possibility of piezo and pyroelectricity in hydroxyapatite several theoretical and experimental works in this field may lead to new understandings of electrical behaviors of calcified tissues in vertebrates. Also, the ability of creating discrete electrostatic domains on nanocrystalline films of hydroxyapatite will open the possibility of understanding how surface charge influences biological interactions. The outlook for future endeavours in this field will be discussed.

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17

Qiang, Li, and Jie Wanqi. "Surface passivation and electrical properties ofp-CdZnTe crystal." Semiconductor Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (December 2, 2005): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/21/1/013.

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18

Zotov, A. V., V. G. Lifshits, T. Rupp, and I. Eisele. "Electrical properties of buried B/Si surface phases." Journal of Applied Physics 83, no. 11 (June 1998): 5865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367447.

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19

Huang, L. J., and W. M. Lau. "Surface electrical properties of HF‐treated Si(100)." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 10, no. 4 (July 1992): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.577677.

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20

Boddy, P. J., and W. H. Brattain. "ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ANODICALLY ETCHED GERMANIUM SURFACE." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 101, no. 3 (December 22, 2006): 683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb54925.x.

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21

Hasegawa, S. "Electrical functional properties of surface superstructures on semiconductors." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 71-72, no. 1-3 (September 1, 1997): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8686(97)00014-6.

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22

Hasegawa, Shuji, Chun-Sheng Jiang, Xiao Tong, and Yuji Nakajima. "Electrical functional properties of surface superstructures on semiconductors." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 71-72 (September 1997): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8686(97)90014-2.

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23

Stumpe, R. "Electrical properties of surface layers of oxidic perovskites." Ferroelectrics 131, no. 1 (June 1992): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199208223407.

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24

Piippo, J., T. Saario, T. Laitinen, M. Bojinov, and J. Hinttala. "Electrical Properties of Surface Films Formed on Copper." Materials Science Forum 289-292 (August 1998): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.289-292.429.

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25

TYLER, G. L., P. G. FORD, D. B. CAMPBELL, C. ELACHI, G. H. PETTENGILL, and R. A. SIMPSON. "Magellan: Electrical and Physical Properties of Venus' Surface." Science 252, no. 5003 (April 12, 1991): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.252.5003.265.

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26

Wang, Dunwei, Ying-Lan Chang, Qian Wang, Jien Cao, Damon B. Farmer, Roy G. Gordon, and Hongjie Dai. "Surface Chemistry and Electrical Properties of Germanium Nanowires." Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, no. 37 (September 2004): 11602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja047435x.

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27

Shina, Hoon-Kyu, Jeong-Yeul Seo, Hyein Jeong, Burm-Jong Lee, and Young-Soo Kwona. "Electrical Properties and Surface Structure of Polyurethane Monolayers." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 370, no. 1 (October 2001): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030114.

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28

Nowotny, J. "Surface electrical properties of BaTiO3 at elevated temperatures." Solid State Ionics 49 (December 1991): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(91)90078-p.

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29

Chandrasekhar, R. "Surface electrical properties of different polymer coated powders." Powder Technology 71, no. 1 (July 1992): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(92)88007-5.

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30

Pernica, Roman, Miloš Klima, and Pavel Fiala. "Measurement and Evaluation of Insulating Properties of a Modified Dielectric Surface using Plasma Discharge." Measurement Science Review 24, no. 6 (December 1, 2024): 215–25. https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2024-0029.

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Abstract Plasma discharges under atmospheric pressure can be used to modify the electrical properties of metallic and dielectric surfaces. The aim of such a modification is to achieve an improvement in the characteristic parameters of the surface, for example in the area of the electrical strength of the surface, in order to achieve a higher ultimate level of electrical breakdown Eb when tested with pulsed or alternating electrical voltages. So far, research has focused on a set of functional experiments carried out using plasma on samples of two types of dielectric materials (thermoset, thermoplastic) with an impact on the final effect of the level of electrical breakdown voltage, electrical intensity and Eb. surface conductivity. The treatment technology requires repeatability and consideration of the industrial deployment conditions of plasma technology. The surface structure was modified in a defined and repeatable way by plasma discharge under atmospheric pressure without the presence of precursors. Methods to evaluate these modifications assessed the change in parameters related to sample type, repeatability and prediction of treatment stability. Subsequently, the surface strength of both the modified samples and the samples not affected by the plasma discharge was measured.

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31

Seravalli, Luca, Claudio Ferrari, and Matteo Bosi. "Germanium Nanowires as Sensing Devices: Modelization of Electrical Properties." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020507.

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In this paper, we model the electrical properties of germanium nanowires with a particular focus on physical mechanisms of electrical molecular sensing. We use the Tibercad software to solve the drift-diffusion equations in 3D and we validate the model against experimental data, considering a p-doped nanowire with surface traps. We simulate three different types of interactions: (1) Passivation of surface traps; (2) Additional surface charges; (3) Charge transfer from molecules to nanowires. By analyzing simulated I–V characteristics, we observe that: (i) the largest change in current occurs with negative charges on the surfaces; (ii) charge transfer provides relevant current changes only for very high values of additional doping; (iii) for certain values of additional n-doping ambipolar currents could be obtained. The results of these simulations highlight the complexity of the molecular sensing mechanism in nanowires, that depends not only on the NW parameters but also on the properties of the molecules. We expect that these findings will be valuable to extend the knowledge of molecular sensing by germanium nanowires, a fundamental step to develop novel sensors based on these nanostructures.

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32

Ma, Jiming, Su Lin, and Shoufeng Qin. "SURFACE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYSTYRENE LATEX AND ADSORPTION OF SURFACE ACTIVE IONS." Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry 4, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1000-0518.1987.4.16.

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33

Lian, Anqing, Le H. Dao, Ze Zhang, Martin W. King, and Robert G. Guidoin. "Electrical Properties of Conductive Polypyrrole-Coated Textiles." Polymers and Polymer Composites 8, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391120000801001.

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Conductive polymer-coated textiles are part of a family of recently developed composite materials with potential applications in many fields. In this paper. we report the electrical properties of conductive polypyrrole-coated polyester fabrics under various experimental conditions. The properties studied include the volume and surface resistivities. as well as the broadband dielectric relative permittivity and loss index. We found that both the surface and volume resistivities of the coated textiles dropped by more than 10 orders of magnitude compared with the uncoated fabric. while the dielectric properties exhibited a strong relaxation from 5 Hz to 13 MHz. The volume resistivity of the coated materials varied between 101 and 102 Ω.m, while the surface resistivity changed from 102 to 104 Ω/square depending on the coating thickness. It was also found that their electrical properties were not affected significantly by environmental factors. such as humidity and sterilization by gamma/radiation. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms associated with these changes are discussed.

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34

CATTANI, M., M. C. SALVADORI, F. S. TEIXEIRA, R. S. WIEDERKEHR, and I. G. BROWN. "ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF VERY THIN METALLIC FILMS WITH ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC SURFACES." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 03 (June 2007): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07009645.

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A quantum mechanical approach is developed to calculate the surface-induced electrical conductivities of very thin metallic films with isotropic and anisotropic surfaces. Two particular cases are analyzed with this formalism: (1) films with isotropic surfaces and (2) films with anisotropic surfaces which have different morphological properties along two orthogonal directions. It is shown that, depending on the differences between these morphological properties, the surface-induced resistivities can be different along these directions. In order to investigate the validity of these predictions we have fabricated Pt films, with thickness in the 0.90 ≤ d ≤ 11.10 nm range, with very different morphological properties along two orthogonal directions. Measuring the electrical resistivities of these films, we have found different resistivities along these directions. We show that this anisotropic resistivity can be well explained by our theoretical approach.

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35

Bae, Jihyun, and Kyung Hwa Hong. "Electrical properties of conductive fabrics for operating capacitive touch screen displays." Textile Research Journal 83, no. 4 (November 27, 2012): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517512464298.

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Electrically conductive textiles have many potential applications, such as sensors, static charge dissipation, and electro-magnetic interference shields. In this study, two different types of core spun yarns were produced with silver-plated nylon filaments as the conductive material. The electrical characteristics of the core spun yarns and the fabric samples knitted with these yarns were investigated. It was clear that the surface resistance of each type of knitted fabric depends on the surface exposure of the conductive materials. However, both knit types exhibited reasonable features for application as a touching operator for capacitive touch screen panels.

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36

Aprà, Pietro, Lorenzo Mino, Alfio Battiato, Paolo Olivero, Sofia Sturari, Maria Carmen Valsania, Veronica Varzi, and Federico Picollo. "Interaction of Nanodiamonds with Water: Impact of Surface Chemistry on Hydrophilicity, Aggregation and Electrical Properties." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2021): 2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102740.

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In recent decades, nanodiamonds (NDs) have earned increasing interest in a wide variety of research fields, thanks to their excellent mechanical, chemical, and optical properties, together with the possibility of easily tuning their surface chemistry for the desired purpose. According to the application context, it is essential to acquire an extensive understanding of their interaction with water in terms of hydrophilicity, environmental adsorption, stability in solution, and impact on electrical properties. In this paper, we report on a systematic study of the effects of reducing and oxidizing thermal processes on ND surface water adsorption. Both detonation and milled NDs were analyzed by combining different techniques. Temperature-dependent infrared spectroscopy was employed to study ND surface chemistry and water adsorption, while dynamic light scattering allowed the evaluation of their behavior in solution. The influence of water adsorption on their electrical properties was also investigated and correlated with structural and optical information obtained via Raman/photoluminescence spectroscopy. In general, higher oxygen-containing surfaces exhibited higher hydrophilicity, better stability in solution, and higher electrical conduction, although for the latter the surface graphitic contribution was also crucial. Our results provide in-depth information on the hydrophilicity of NDs in relation to their surface chemical and physical properties, by also evaluating the impacts on their aggregation and electrical conductance.

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37

Semchuk, O. Yu, O. O. Havrylyuk, A. I. Biliuk, and A. A. Biliuk. "Plasmons in graphene: overview and perspectives of use." Surface 16(31) (December 30, 2024): 51–73. https://doi.org/10.15407/surface.2024.16.051.

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Due to its excellent electrical, mechanical, thermal and optical properties, graphene has attracted much interest since it was discovered in 2004. Its two-dimensional nature and other remarkable properties meet the needs of surface plasmons and have greatly enriched the field of plasmonics. The paper will review recent advances and applications of graphene in plasmonic, including theoretical mechanisms, experimental observations, and meaningful applications. Due to its flexibility and good tunability, graphene can be a promising plasmonic material as an alternative to noble metals. Optical conversion, plasmonic metamaterials, light harvesting, etc. have already been realized in graphene-based devices, which are useful for applications in electronics, optics, energy storage, THz technology, etc. In addition, the excellent biocompatibility of graphene makes it a very good candidate for applications in biotechnology and medical science. Surface plasmons in graphene offer a compelling route to many useful photonic technologies. As a plasmonic material, graphene offers several intriguing properties, such as excellent electro-optic tunability, crystal stability, large optical nonlinearity, and extremely high electromagnetic field concentration. Thus, recent demonstrations of surface plasmon excitation in graphene using near-infrared light scattering] have attracted great interest. Here we present an all-optical plasmonic coupling scheme that takes advantage of the intrinsic nonlinear optical response of graphene. To generate plasmons, pulses of visible light in a free in-plane graphene sheet are used using difference frequency mixing of the waves to match both the wave vector and the energy of the surface wave. By carefully controlling the phase with matching conditions, we show that it is possible to excite surface plasmons with a defined wave vector and direction in a wide frequency range with high photon efficiency. Prospects for the practical use of graphene in plasmonics are discussed.

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38

Beverly III, R. E. "Electrical, gasdynamic, and radiative properties of planar surface discharges." Journal of Applied Physics 60, no. 1 (July 1986): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337673.

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39

Wang, Rui, Ruth Pearce, John Gallop, Trupti Patel, Fang Zhao, Andrew Pollard, Norbert Klein, Richard Jackman, Amaia Zurutuza, and Ling Hao. "Investigation of CVD graphene topography and surface electrical properties." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 4, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 025001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/4/2/025001.

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40

Kosyachenko, L. A., I. M. Rarenko, Z. I. Zakharchuk, V. M. Sklyarchuk, E. F. Sklyarchuk, I. V. Solonchuk, I. S. Kabanova, and E. L. Maslyanchuk. "Electrical properties of surface-barrier diodes based on CdZnTe." Semiconductors 37, no. 2 (February 2003): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1548671.

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41

Holmes, F. H., and P. G. Perkins. "Electrical surface properties of polymers containing bound anionic groups." Journal of Applied Chemistry 12, no. 4 (May 4, 2007): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010120403.

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42

Zeller, Florian, Nirdesh Ojha, Claas Müller, and Holger Reinecke. "Electrical Discharge Milling of Silicon Carbide with Different Electrical Conductivity." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.677.

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Silicon Carbide is a ceramic material with extraordinary properties. Not only does it excel in mechanical properties, such as very high hardness and flexural strength, but also shows excellent thermal properties with a low thermal expansion and operating temperatures above 1000°C. These properties predestine silicon carbide for applications in harsh environments. Structuring silicon carbide in the sintered state with conventional methods is not feasible due to its hardness. A non-conventional process to structure materials independent of their mechanical properties is electrical discharge machining (EDM). A certain conductivity is however required for this process. To fulfill this requirement, the method of an assisting electrode (AE) is used. During the process, an intrinsic AE is generated from the cracked dielectric oil and deposited on the ceramic surface. The process can therefore continue even after the applied AE has been penetrated. For a deeper understanding of the present removal mechanism EDM of non-conducting ceramics, especially in the area of micro EDM, an investigation of the influence of conductivity is necessary. Therefore three silicon carbide ceramics with different electrical conductivity (S-SiC: 1 10-7S/cm; LR-SiC: 10 S/cm; HO-SiC: 5 10-9S/cm) have been microstructured and analysed. It is found that the conductivity of the silicon carbide materials has no influence on the machinability, all samples can be microstructured. The microsections of the machined samples show that the near-surface structure of the SiC materials is not negatively influenced by the EDM process. The analysis of the surface revealed indications that for S-SiC and for HO-SiC, thermal spalling is the present removal mechanism. The LR-SiC surface shows melting structures. The material removal rate of LR-SiC is 8 × 10-3mm3/min, whereas the material removal rate of the S-SiC and the HO-SiC ranges at 3 × 10-3mm3/min. The high MRR of the LR-SiC indicates a removal mechanism analog to Silicon infiltrated Silicon carbide (SiSiC), with removal of a conductive phase.

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43

Prokopiv, V. V., O. B. Kostyuk, B. S. Dzundza, T. M. Mazur, L. V. Turovska, O. M. Matkivskyi, and M. V. Deychakivskyi. "Electrical properties of CdTe thin layers." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.20.4.372-375.

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The technique of obtaining thin layers of cadmium telluride of p-type conductivity by chemical doping of the surface of cadmium telluride crystals by calcium is described. The dependences of the electrical properties of the obtained films on the technological factors of their production are investigated. The conductivity of the doped layer, velocity and depth of diffusion are determined.

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Grinko, А. M., А. V. Brichka, О. М. Bakalinska, and М. Т. Каrtel. "Application of nano cerium oxide in solid oxide fuel cells." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.231.

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This review is analyzed the state of modern literature on the nanoceria based materials application as components for solid oxide fuel cells. The principle of operation of fuel cells, their classification and the difference in the constructions of fuel cells are described. The unique redox properties of nanosized cerium oxide make this material promising for application as components for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Because of high ionic conductivity, high coefficient of thermal expansion and low activation energy at relatively low temperatures, cerium-containing materials are widely used as a solid electrolyte. On the surface of nanosized CeO2 there many surface defects (which is determined by the concentration of oxygen vacancies) that lead to the electronic conductivity increases even at temperatures (300 - 700 °C). The concentration of surface defects can be increased by doping the surface of nanoceria by divalent and trivalent cations. The ionic and electrical properties of the obtained nanocomposites dependent from synthesis methods, ionic radii and concentration of doping cations. It is explained the effect of the transition in the size of cerium oxide particles in the nanoscale region on the concentration of surface defects and defects in the sample structure. Particular attention is paid to the effect of doping nanosized CeO2 by transition metal cations and lanthanides on the characteristics of the obtained material, namely, on the increase of concentration of surface defects due to the increase of oxygen vacancies. It is established that nanosized cerium oxide is used for the development and implementation of the main components of SOFC: electrolyte, anode and cathode. Advantages of using solid electrolytes based on nanosized cerium oxide over the classical electrolytes are listed. It was shown that doping of cerium oxide by double and triple cations lead to increase the ionic conductivity and reduces the activation energy and has a positive effect on its characteristics as a SOFC electrolyte. Composites, based on nanoscaled cerium oxide, are actively developed and studied for use as electrodes of solid oxide fuel cells. Cerium-containing anodes are resistant to the deposition of carbon and fuel impurities, increase the catalytic activity of solid oxide fuel cells, and compatible with other components. Nanosized cerium oxide particles are sprayed onto the cathode to prevent the cathode from interacting with the electrolyte. The prospects for the use of cerium-containing materials for the conversion of chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy are analyzed.

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Soonckindt, L., J. Bonnet, H. Mansour, and L. Lassabatère. "Auger electron beam effects on electrical properties and surface composition of InP surfaces." Surface Science Letters 162, no. 1-3 (October 1985): A581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(85)90251-8.

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Soonckindt, L., J. Bonnet, H. Mansour, and L. Lassabatère. "Auger electron beam effects on electrical properties and surface composition of InP surfaces." Surface Science 162, no. 1-3 (October 1985): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(85)90894-5.

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Hahn, P. O., M. Grundner, A. Schnegg, and H. Jacob. "Correlation of surface morphology and chemical state of Si surfaces to electrical properties." Applied Surface Science 39, no. 1-4 (October 1989): 436–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(89)90461-3.

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Sreenivasa Rao, M., and N. Venkaiah. "Experimental investigations on surface integrity issues of Inconel-690 during wire-cut electrical discharge machining process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 4 (June 20, 2016): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416654092.

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Nickel-based alloys are finding a wide range of applications due to their superior properties of maintaining hardness at elevated temperatures, low thermal conductivity and resistance to corrosion. These materials are used in aircraft, power-generation turbines, rocket engines, automobiles, nuclear power and chemical processing plants. Machining of such alloys is difficult using conventional processes. Wire-cut electrical discharge machining is one of the advanced machining processes, which can cut any electrically conductive material irrespective of its hardness. One of the major disadvantages of this process is formation of recast layer as it affects the properties of the machined surfaces. In this study, experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of wire-cut electrical discharge machining process parameters on micro-hardness, surface roughness and recast layer while machining Inconel-690 material. Interestingly, hardness of the machined surface was found to be lower than that of the bulk material. The micro-hardness and recast layer thickness are inversely related to the variation of process parameters. Recast layer thickness, surface roughness and hardness of the wire-cut electrical discharge machined surfaces of Inconel-690 are found to be in the range of 10–50 µm, 0.276–3.253 µm and 122–171 HV, respectively, for different conditions. The research findings and the data generated for the first time on hardness and recast layer thickness for Inconel-690 will be useful to the industry.

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Li, Bo, Le Huang, Mianzeng Zhong, Zhongming Wei, and Jingbo Li. "Electrical and magnetic properties of FeS2and CuFeS2nanoplates." RSC Advances 5, no. 111 (2015): 91103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16918f.

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Qiu, Jian Hui, Kengo Uchiya, Lei Lin, Xue Li Wu, and Yang Zhao. "Surface Electrical Resistances Properties of CNF/PC Nano-Composite Processing by Injection Molding." Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.367.

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In the present work, carbon nanofibers (CNF) were dispersed into polycarbonate (PP) with an injection molding machine. The effect of the injection conditions on the electrical resistance of carbon nanofiber/polycarbonate (CNF/PC) nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that the surface resistance decreased with the increase of injection speed and injection temperature. The surface electrical resistance was affected by the particle size and dispersion of CNF, the effect of depth on surface resistance of the composites was studied, the surface electrical resistance sharply increased from the material surface to the internal at first, after that, a decreased slowly was observed. The effect of surface roughness on surface electrical resistance was also studied, the composite with a low surface resistance was greatly influenced when surface roughness changed, while there was not a same phenomenon when the composites have a high surface resistance.

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