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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface defet'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Smirnova, O. S., A. G. Grebenyuk, and V. V. Lobanov. "Titanium dioxide defect structures as catalytic sites." Surface 9(24) (December 30, 2017): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2017.09.044.

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2

Smirnova, O. V., A. G. Grebenyuk, and V. V. Lobanov. "Effect of zirconium doping on the properties of defect titanium dioxide films: quantum chemical calculations." Surface 11(26) (December 30, 2019): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2019.11.372.

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3

Sihang Lü, 吕思航, 丁红昌 Ding Hongchang, 向阳 Xiang Yang, and 刘永坤 Liu Yongkun. "基于迈克耳孙干涉仪的表面焊接缺陷检测." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 19 (2021): 1912005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.1912005.

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4

Zhongqin Bi, Zhongqin Bi, Qiancong Wu Zhongqin Bi, Meijing Shan Qiancong Wu, and Wei Zhong Meijing Shan. "Segmentation-based Decision Networks for Steel Surface Defect Detection." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 6 (November 2022): 1405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022112306022.

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<p>With the advent of the Industrial 4.0 era, deep learning has been continuously applied to the task of surface defect detection, and effective progress has been made. However, the limited number of training samples and high labelling costs are considerable obstacles to the vigorous development of this task. Thus, we explore the use of different numbers of labels with various accuracies during training to achieve the maximum detection accuracy with the lowest cost. Our proposed method includes improved segmentation and decision networks. An attention mechanism is integrated into the segmentation subnetwork. Moreover, atrous convolutions are used in the segmentation and decision subnetworks. In addition, the original loss function is improved. Several experiments are carried out on the Severstal Steel Defect dataset collected in Germany, and the results show that each component improves the detection accuracy by 1% to 2%. Finally, when we add an appropriate number of pixel-level labels in the weakly supervised learning mode, the detection accuracy reaches that of the fully supervised mode with a significantly reduced annotation cost.</p> <p> </p>

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5

Karpenko, O. S., V. V. Lobanov, and M. T. Kartel. "C1s core-level binding energy shift dependence from carbon atoms position in graphenenanoflakes C96 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon C96H24: a dft study." SURFACE 14(29) (December 30, 2022): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2022.14.063.

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The hexagon-shape graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) limited by zigzag edges only (with doubly and triply coordinated atoms) have unique increased reactivity. Despite the high systems symmetry (D6h) the Carbon atoms in GNFs occupy non-equivalent positions. Can such physical and chemical characteristics of GNFs, which depend of the atom position in the cluster, definition? This characteristic together with the simplicity of its calculation makes it possible to predict the properties of nanoflakes obtained from GNFs by introducing single and multiatomic vacancies into them or by replacing Carbon atoms with electron withdrawing and electron donating atoms. This characteristic includes the C1s core-level binding energy shifts, the maxima of which characterize the C atoms of a certain type. The proposed work is devoted to quantum chemical calculations of the electronic density of states (DOS) of pristine hexagon-shape GNF C96 (multiplicity, M=5), their saturated counterpart –polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) C96H24 (M=1) and their derivatives with one and two single vacancies in the ground electronic state (GES). All calculations were performed using the density functional theory (DFT) method with the involvement of the valence-split basis set 6-31G (d,p). Systems with open shells were considered using the UB3LYP exchange-correlation functional. The obtained spectra were fitted using Gaussian curve fitting program to determine the binding energy for each peak. The Gaussian function distribution of the theoretically calculated C1s core-level binding energy shifts of GNFs testified the presence of six peaks, each of which refers to a certain type of Carbon atoms. The C1s peak with the highest binding energy (-285.57 eV) is caused by contributions from the doubly coordinated edge cyclic chain (ECC) Carbon atoms. The C1s orbitals of the central hexagon (CHex) atoms and the first cyclic chain (FCC) atoms form delocalized molecular orbitals (MOs) in different parts of the cluster. The analogous spectrum of PAH C96H24 is slightly shifted to the region of lower binding energies and contains only two well-defined peaks. The peak with a higher binding energy (-284.36 eV) is generated by the 1s states of the CHex atoms and the atoms of the FCC, which are bounded to the CHex atoms. The electronic DOS difference in C1s core-level spectra of GNF C96 (M=5) and their saturated counterpart PAH C96H24 is established due to the presence of two weakly bounded π-systems in GNF and common conjugated system in PAH. The electronic DOS of defect-containing cluster C96-1(1) (M=3) (one CHex atom has been removed from the C96nanoflake) is generated by the C1s core-level atoms of the second cyclic chain (SCC), which are located at the different distances from the center of the nanoflake. The peak of the lowest intensity (-284.63 eV) appears in the spectrum as a reflection of the appearance of doubly coordinated Carbon atoms surrounding the single vacancy in the C96-1(1) nanoflake. The analysis of the electronic DOS of the C1s core-level spectrum of the C96-2(1) nanoflakeis shown, that doubly coordinated Carbon atoms, concentrated around two single vacancies, are essentially non-equivalent. If the MO with the lowest binding energy is localized on two of them – the MO with the highest binding energy is localized on the third atoms (one around each single vacancy). The electronic C1s core-level DOS spectrum of defect-containing molecular systems with one C96-1(1)H24 and two C96‑2(1)H24 single vacancies are similar to the analogous spectrum of PAH C96H24. In the first of them – one additional maximum appears due to C1s atoms surrounding the single vacancy. In the second – there are two additional maxima, each of which is generated by C1s core-level atoms adjacent to individual vacancies.

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6

Strelko, V. V., Yu I. Gorlov, and E. M. Demianenko. "Hyteroatoms Si, P, S as possible factors for the formation of the structure of pyrolyzed carbon materials." Surface 13(28) (December 30, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2021.13.047.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of heteroatoms on the deformation of graphene, as well as on the formation of the Stone-Wallace defect. To date, research on processes involving nanocarbon materials is relevant. In particular, in the formation of fullerenes, nanoonions and a number of other carbon nanoforms, the five-membered carbon cycles (pentactagonis) of the hepatogenesis (pentactagon) play the most important role in the curvature of initially flat graphene sheets and the formation of fullerene-like structures in the form of closed, skeletal, macromolecular formations. It should be noted, however, that the Pentagon is not the only factor in distorting the flat structure of graphene sheets in layered carbon materials. Some other defects of the carbon lattice (in particular, seven-membered carbon cycles and heteroatoms of a number of nonmetals with covalent radii exceeding the radius of the carbon atom) may play a similar role to one degree or another. These heteroatoms (primarily Si, P, S) are usually part of the precursors of mineral or vegetable origin and can be embedded in the carbon lattice in the process of coal production. Stone-Wallace there is their mutual compensation and preservation of a flat structure. The calculations were performed using quantum chemical modeling of doped nanographs in clusters of different size, composition and morphology, using the theory of density functional (DFT) with exchange-correlation functional B3LYP, based on the extended valence-split basis 6-31G (d) with full optimism clusters using the Firefly software package. It has been found that heteroatoms of non-metals with covalent radii exceeding the radius of the C atom, which are usually present in the precursors of mineral or vegetable origin used to produce pyrolyzed carbon materials, can play a significant role in energy. a number of nanoforms of carbon, activated carbon and other pyrolyzed nanostructured carbon materials.

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7

Sigareva, N. V., B. M. Gorelov, and S. V. Shulga. "Еffect of graphene filler oxidation on the thermal destruction of epoxy-graphene composites." Surface 13(28) (December 30, 2021): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2021.13.166.

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The participation of the electronic subsystem of graphene nanoparticles in heat transfer on the interfaphase surface with epoxy polymer, its participation in the thermodestruction processes of epoxy matrix and the concentration interval of the subsystem's influence on the thermal destruction of the polymer matrix are investigated. For such purpose, epoxy resin composites with oxidized and non-oxidized graphene nanoparticles have been used.The particles were obtained by electrochemical method and those are characterized by the same dispersion and analogical of defect spectra. The particles have the same crystal structure, however in composites with oxidized graphene, the participation of the electronic subsystem in thermophysical processes on the interfacial surface is blocked by the atomic layer of adsorbed oxygen. Сomposites of epoxy resin filled with the same particles of nonoxidized and oxidized nanoparticles in the filler content 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 wt%. The multilayered graphene particles were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) methods. It was shown that the graphene particles are the 2D dimensional structures with about of 100 layers. Desorption curves of epoxy and its composites have been obtained using a programmable thermal desorption mass-spectroscopic (TDMS) technique for fragments with 15≤ m/z ≤108 and temperature interval 35 - 800 оС. The activation energy of desorption was determined from the Wigner-Polanyi equation as 35 - 150 kJ/mol, temperature and mass dependences of the quantity of desorbed atomic fragments have been calculated. It were established the graphene electron subsystem takes part in polymer structure thermodestruction for epoxy composites with nonoxidized graphene enhancing their heat resistance at graphene content С ≤ 1 wt%. With increasing filler content, the thermodestruction behavior in pristine epoxy and its composites with nonoxidized and oxidized graphene is analogical. The thermodestruction characterizes by the stepwise variations in the desorption intensity of atomic fragments. The electron subsystem of graphene particles does not participate in the heat resistance variations.

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8

Zhang Kailong, 张凯龙, 钱莉 Qian Li, and 朱春雷 Zhu Chunlei. "基于相位测量偏折法的类镜面缺陷检测." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 5 (2022): 0512004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.0512004.

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9

Wang Wei, 王维, 王杰 Wang Jie, 黄易杨 Huang Yiyang, 岳慧敏 Yue Huimin, and 刘永 Liu Yong. "基于偏振透射结构光的透明物体表面缺陷检测方法." Acta Optica Sinica 41, no. 18 (2021): 1812002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.1812002.

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10

Chen Chao, 陈超, 张兴媛 Zhang Xingyuan, and 陆思烨 Lu Siye. "基于优化BP神经网络激光超声表面缺陷识别." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 22 (2021): 2228008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.2228008.

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11

Li Bin, 李彬, 汪诚 Wang Cheng, 吴静 Wu Jing, 刘吉超 Liu Jichao, 童立甲 Tong Lijia, and 郭振平 Guo Zhenping. "改进YOLOv4算法的航空发动机部件表面缺陷检测." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 14 (2021): 1415004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.1415004.

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12

Sun Lianshan, 孙连山, 魏婧雪 Wei Jingxue, 朱登明 Zhu Dengming, and 石敏 Shi Min. "基于AM-YOLOv3模型的铝型材表面缺陷检测算法." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 24 (2021): 2415007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.2415007.

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13

Lin Li, Lin Li, Zhong Wang Zhong Wang, Fangying Pei Fangying Pei, and Xiangjun Wang Xiangjun Wang. "Improved illumination for vision-based defect inspection of highly reflective metal surface." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 2 (2013): 021102–21105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.021102.

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14

CONRAD, EDWARD H. "THE STABILITY OF LOW INDEX METAL SURFACES TO TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 05, no. 03 (February 10, 1991): 427–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979291000274.

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The study of defect formation at metal surfaces is a fundamental problem in surface physics. An understanding of defect formation is pertinent to growth and diffusion mechanisms. In addition, surface roughening, faceting, and surface melting are all defect mediated phase transitions involving the formation of different topological defects. While the importance of defects at surfaces is well recognized, the study of surface defects has been hampered by the lack of sufficiently accurate experimental techniques. In fact, it is only in the past 6 years that experiments on the thermal generation of defects on metal surfaces have been performed. This review attempts to outline both the theoretical and experimental work on surface defect formation on metal systems.

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15

Luo Hui, 罗晖, 李健 Li Jian, and 贾晨 Jia Chen. "基于图像增强与改进Cascade R-CNN的钢轨表面缺陷检测." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 22 (2021): 2212001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.2212001.

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16

OHBA, Yuta, Yuki SHIMIZU, Wenjian LU, and Wei GAO. "B012 Design of fabrication process of thermal contact sensor for surface defect inspections." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2013.7 (2013): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2013.7.204.

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17

Li Mingze, 李明泽, 侯溪 Hou Xi, 赵文川 Zhao Wenchuan, 王洪 Wang Hong, 李梦凡 Li Mengfan, 胡小川 Hu Xiaochuan, 赵远程 Zhao Yuancheng, and 周杨 Zhou Yang. "非球面光学表面缺陷检测技术现状和发展趋势(特邀)." Infrared and Laser Engineering 51, no. 9 (2022): 20220457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20220457.

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18

Ji, Yanjun, Yujie Du, and Meishan Wang. "Influence of Vacancy Defect on Surface Feature and Adsorption of Cs on GaN(0001) Surface." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/490853.

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The effects of Ga and N vacancy defect on the change in surface feature, work function, and characteristic of Cs adsorption on a2×2GaN(0001) surface have been investigated using density functional theory with a plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method based on first-principles calculations. The covalent bonds gain strength for Ga vacancy defect, whereas they grow weak for N vacancy defect. The lower work function is achieved for Ga and N vacancy defect surfaces than intact surface. The most stable position of Cs adatom on Ga vacancy defect surface is at T1site, whereas it is atBGasite on N vacancy defect surface. TheEadsof Cs on GaN(0001) vacancy defect surface increases compared with that of intact surface; this illustrates that the adsorption of Cs on intact surface is more stable.

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19

Geagea, Elie, Frank Palmino, and Frédéric Cherioux. "On-Surface Chemistry on Low-Reactive Surfaces." Chemistry 4, no. 3 (August 11, 2022): 796–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry4030057.

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Zero-dimensional (0D), mono-dimensional (1D), or two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures with well-defined properties fabricated directly on surfaces are of growing interest. The fabrication of covalently bound nanostructures on non-metallic surfaces is very promising in terms of applications, but the lack of surface assistance during their synthesis is still a challenge to achieving the fabrication of large-scale and defect-free nanostructures. We discuss the state-of-the-art approaches recently developed in order to provide covalently bounded nanoarchitectures on passivated metallic surfaces, semiconductors, and insulators.

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20

Feng Chao, 冯超, 蒋毅 Jiang Yi, and 赵晓梦 Zhao Xiaomeng. "基于空间全角度光源的钢球表面微缺陷检测." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 2 (2022): 0212002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.0212002.

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21

Zhu Zhixun, 朱志勋, 赵磊 Zhao Lei, 李恒 Li Heng, and 王海瑞 Wang Hairui. "基于改进的同态滤波与Canny算法的磁瓦表面缺陷检测算法研究." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 18 (2022): 1810009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.1810009.

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22

Wang Xuan, 王璇, 康硕 Kang Shuo, and 朱伟东 Zhu Weidong. "基于改进CenterNet的AFP铺层表面缺陷检测." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 10 (2021): 20210011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20210011.

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23

Koukolíková, Martina. "Castings Defect Analyses." Defect and Diffusion Forum 417 (June 28, 2022): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-x9bnx4.

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The aim of the contribution is to use metallographic analysis to determine the root cause of the castings’ defects. The paper will show two cases of defects occurring in the ductile iron castings with surface treatment such as galvanizing and painting. Defects were observed on both the inner and outer surfaces of the castings. Light (LM) and electron microscopy (SEM) was used for individual analyses, including measurement of the local chemical composition by the EDS analysis.

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24

Domfang Ngnekou, Julius Noel, Yves Nadot, Gilbert Henaff, Julien Nicolai, and Lionel Ridosz. "Effect of As-Built and Ground Surfaces on the Fatigue Properties of AlSi10Mg Alloy Produced by Additive Manufacturing." Metals 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091432.

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The present work concerns the influence of surface (machined, as-built) on the fatigue resistance of AlSi10Mg produced by a powder-bed laser process. The competition between defects and surface roughness is assessed by using Kitagawa-type diagrams. Samples are printed along three directions: 0°, 45° and 90°. After axial fatigue tests with a load ratio of R = −1, all the fracture surfaces are carefully analysed. The initiation sites can be (i) a defect, (ii) the surface roughness, (iii) the surface ripple. The results indicate that ground surfaces lead to the same fatigue life as as-built surfaces. It is also shown that T6 treatment improves the fatigue resistance. However, when specimen surfaces are as-built or ground, it is difficult to correlate the fatigue results with ‘isolated defect size analysis’ neither roughness parameter for an as-built surface. Therefore, microstructure, residual stresses or multiple initiation should be further analysed to understand the results.

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25

Makara, V. А., L. P. Steblenko, О. A. Korotchenkov, А. B. Nadtochiy, D. V. Kalinichenko, А. М. Kuryliuk, Yu L. Kobzar, and О. М. Krit. "Magnetic-Field-Stimulated Modification of Surface Charge and Defect Content in Silicon for Solar Energy Storage." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 36, no. 2 (August 25, 2016): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.36.02.0189.

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26

Kuzin, Valery V., Sergey N. Grigoriev, and Mike Portnoy. "Effect of Thermal Loading on Stresses in Defective Surface Layer of Ceramics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.189.

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The typical defect based on the experimental study of the ceramic surfaces was defined. Finite element numerical model was used to compute stresses which develop in the ceramic surface layer with single typical defect under the action of thermal loading. The relationship between heat flow and stresses in the defective surface layer of oxide ceramics is identified.

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27

Zhao, Xiaoji, Yanlu Li, and Xian Zhao. "Density Functional Theory Study of the Point Defects on KDP (100) and (101) Surfaces." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 17, 2022): 9014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249014.

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Surface defects are usually associated with the formation of other forms of expansion defects in crystals, which have an impact on the crystals’ growth quality and optical properties. Thereby, the structure, stability, and electronic structure of the hydrogen and oxygen vacancy defects (VH and VO) on the (100) and (101) growth surfaces of KDP crystals were studied by using density functional theory. The effects of acidic and alkaline environments on the structure and properties of surface defects were also discussed. It has been found that the considered vacancy defects have different properties on the (100) and (101) surfaces, especially those that have been reported in the bulk KDP crystals. The (100) surface has a strong tolerance for surface VH and VO defects, while the VO defect causes a large lattice relaxation on the (101) surface and introduces a deep defect level in the band gap, which damages the optical properties of KDP crystals. In addition, the results show that the acidic environment is conducive to the repair of the VH defects on the surface and can eliminate the defect states introduced by the surface VO defects, which is conducive to improving the quality of the crystal surface and reducing the defect density. Our study opens up a new way to understand the structure and properties of surface defects in KDP crystals, which are different from the bulk phase, and also provides a theoretical basis for experimentally regulating the surface defects in KDP crystals through an acidic environment.

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28

Ghalamchi, Behnam, Jussi Sopanen, and Aki Mikkola. "Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Spherical Roller Bearing with Localized Defects: Analytical Formulation to Calculate Defect Depth and Stiffness." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2106810.

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Since spherical roller bearings can carry high load in both axial and radial direction, they are increasingly used in industrial machineries and it is becoming important to understand the dynamic behavior of SRBs, especially when they are affected by internal imperfections. This paper introduces a dynamic model for an SRB that includes an inner and outer race surface defect. The proposed model shows the behavior of the bearing as a function of defect location and size. The new dynamic model describes the contact forces between bearing rolling elements and race surfaces as nonlinear Hertzian contact deformations, taking radial clearance into account. Two defect cases were simulated: an elliptical surface on the inner and outer races. In elliptical surface concavity, it is assumed that roller-to-race-surface contact is continuous as each roller passes over the defect. Contact stiffness in the defect area varies as a function of the defect contact geometry. Compared to measurement data, the results obtained using the simulation are highly accurate.

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29

Zeng, Chao, Chunqing Wang, Yanhong Tian, Chunjin Hang, Wei Liu, and Rong An. "Characterization of the Hot-Cutting Defect Generated from Shape Machining of Alumina Green Tape in the Ceramic-Package Manufacturing Process." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.433.

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This paper characterizes the rarely mentioned but very damaging defects formed during the hot-cutting process of alumina green tape. Surface and edge morphologies of the hot-cutting surface and a natural surface were examined by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope before and after the sintering process. Obviously different from the natural surface, the hot-cutting surface had a transverse crack-like defect scattered over the surface and a tearing, notch-like defect on the lower edge. A 31 × 22 full factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the flexural strength controlled by the hot-cutting defect and inherent defects in ceramics. Variance analysis revealed a significant interaction between surface and wearing. The wearing factor had a statistically significant impact on the fracture strength of the top surface but not that of the side and bottom surfaces.

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30

Liang, Xiao Qin, Li Fen Qiu, Ping Huang, and Chun Yang. "A DFT Study of TiO₂ Adsorption on GaN(0001)Line Defect Surface." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2836.

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TiO2adsorption on GaN(0001) line defect surface has been explored by employing density functional theory. The total energy, density of states, surface energy (adsorption energy), formation energy and electron density of the various models have been obtained. Our calculations indicate that the model containing [11 line defect and one O atom at the vacancy of line defect for Ga-terminated surfaces prefers to adsorb TiO2, and the smallest adsorption energy is-11.258 eV. This study also shows that the TiO2adsorption on line defect of [11 direction is also associated with the initial adsorption position of TiO2.

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31

Cristescu, Rodica, Roger J. Narayan, and Douglas B. Chrisey. "Novel Antimicrobial Surfaces to Defeat COVID-19 Transmission." MRS Advances 5, no. 56 (2020): 2839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.418.

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AbstractAntimicrobial surface coatings function as a contact biocide and are extensively used to prevent the growth and transmission of pathogens on environmental surfaces. Currently, scientists and researchers are intensively working to develop antimicrobial, antiviral coating solutions that would efficiently impede/stop the contagion of COVID-19 via surface contamination. Herein we present a flavonoid-based antimicrobial surface coating fabricated by laser processing that has the potential to eradicate COVID-19 contact transmission. Quercetin-containing coatings showed better resistance to microbial colonization than antibiotic–containing ones.

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32

Kamperidou, Vasiliki, Ioannis Barboutis, and Efstratios Aidinidis. "Surface Roughness of Sliced Veneers in Terms of Defects and Wood Structure Variability – Impact of Mild Hydrothermal Treatment." Drvna industrija 73, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2022.2129.

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Τhis study deals with the surface roughness and quality of oak sliced veneers and how these characteristics are influenced by the presence of knots, and other defects associated to knots. The variability of roughness is thoroughly examined along the oak stem, exploring also how it differentiates going from one veneer to the adjacent one, cut in different wood depths of the same sawn wood piece in defect and non-defect areas. The expected vertical variability of morphological characteristics did not influence significantly the surface roughness along the stem, which favors the sliced veneers application and performance. The veneers obtained from the edges of the veneer package presented surfaces of high roughness. The smoothest surfaces were recorded in some of the areas on or peripherally of the living intergrown knots. Apart from the cases of large or dead knots that break and result in detrimental cavities, the small live knots do not influence negatively the roughness and therefore, neither the veneer processing demands, nor the overall quality of the final veneer-based product. In order to improve the surface quality of oak sliced veneers and to investigate the response of both defect- and non-defect areas to the hydrothermal modification, two mild and short-term hydrothermal treatments were applied. Among these treatments, only the mildest one (110 ºC) managed to improve significantly the surface quality, concerning both the defect and non-defect areas, while the treatment at 130 ºC did not reveal a significant change of the surface roughness of veneers.

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33

Hui, Meng, and Mingyong Li. "A Diffuse Reflection Approach for Detection of Surface Defect Using Machine Learning." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 29, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7771178.

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Diffuse reflection occurs when light, further waves, or particles are reflected off a surface in such a way that a ray encountered on the surface is dispersed at several angles instead of one as in specular reflection. With the rapid development of modern industry, irregular diffuse reflection may appear due to the particles on the surface, such as frosted paint surfaces, making the defect information easy to be covered up by scattered light, preventing the defect from being detected, and reducing detection accuracy. Therefore, this paper aims to deeply explore the diffuse reflection surface defect detection approach based on machine learning. The Gray code and four-step phase shift technique are used to resolve the absolute phase of a reflection image while the image defect is determined by converting the absolute phase's gradient. The automatic edge finding algorithm is then used to obtain the image vertex of the sample to be measured, the affine transformation is used for attitude correction, and the module matching approach is used to locate the diffuse reflection surface defect. The gray morphological opening and closing operation is used for the original image to obtain the morphology and position information of the defect. Finally, Adam optimizer is chosen as the gradient descent algorithm's optimizer. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the accuracy of diffuse reflection surface defect detection and reduce the economic cost of defect detection, which has a certain practical value.

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34

Chen, W. H., Y. J. He, and H. Z. Wang. "Surface defect gap solitons." Optics Express 14, no. 23 (2006): 11271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.14.011271.

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Garanovich, Ivan L., Alexander Szameit, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Stefan Nolte, Thomas Pertsch, Andreas Tünnermann, and Yuri S. Kivshar. "Defect-Free Surface Waves." Optics and Photonics News 19, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.19.12.000026.

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36

Zhong, Shunsheng, Changming Huang, Chunyan Li, and Liangwei Dong. "Surface defect kink solitons." Optics Communications 285, no. 17 (August 2012): 3674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.05.011.

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Chen, Wu-He, Ying-Ji He, and He-Zhou Wang. "Surface defect superlattice solitons." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 24, no. 10 (September 14, 2007): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.002584.

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38

Angermann, Heike, Abdelazize Laades, Jan Kegel, Carola Klimm, and Bert Stegemann. "Improvement of Silicon Solar Cell Substrates by Wet-Chemical Oxidation Studied by Surface Photovoltage Measurements." Solid State Phenomena 219 (September 2014): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.219.291.

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The deposition of thin and ultra-thin layers requires extremely clean, smooth and defect-free Silicon (Si) substrate surfaces as starting point. The preparation-induced surface micro-roughness and surface coverage of the substrates often affect the initial layer growth, the morphology or the adhesion of deposited layers. Si device fabrication includes multiple wet cleaning and etching steps involving different oxidizing and etching solutions, which modify the surface electronic properties according to fixed charges and defect states present on the surface. Depending on the details of the device structure, surface conditioning methods have to be carefully optimized to achieve the desired electronic interface properties.

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39

Zhang, Chuan-Hui, Bao Chen, and Ying Jin. "Density functional theory study of the OH, Cl and H2O coadsorption on the step-defect Al2O3 film surface." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 17, no. 01 (February 2018): 1850002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633618500025.

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Density functional theory has been performed on the step-defect Al2O3 film surfaces with the OH, Cl and H2O molecules coadsorption. Three kinds of step-defect (Al, O2, Al3) surfaces are optimized and the adsorption energy, the binding energies of film and adsorbates are calculated. The energy properties are similar in H2O or Cl coadsorption configurations, but have obvious differences for the OH group coadsorption configuration due to large numbers of adsorbate species and numbers. After structural relaxation, most of the step-defect surfaces could be easily hydroxylated. The Al3 step-defect surfaces are easier to be corroded by H2O and coadsorption molecules due to lots of unsaturated dangling bonds, some H2O molecules are located into the step-defect, surface Al atoms collapse inside the steps and several inner O atoms move outside the film. When the Cl exists in the aqueous solution, it would restrict H2O molecules from dissociating into OH groups. Moreover, the dissociation and recombination of H2O molecules could be promoted by OH groups.

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40

King, Melissa E., and Michelle L. Personick. "Defects by design: synthesis of palladium nanoparticles with extended twin defects and corrugated surfaces." Nanoscale 9, no. 45 (2017): 17914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr06969c.

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41

Wang, Hong-Jun, Gui-Ying Jin, Bing-Cai Liu, Ai-Ling Tian, Xian-Feng Zheng, and Xue-Liang Zhu. "Research on Inversion Technology of Surface Defect Depth of Ultra-Smooth Optical Surfaces." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3188.

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For identifying the surface features of ultra-smooth optical or non-optical surfaces, light scattering analysis and measurement is a very useful method. Aiming at the requirement of detecting depth information of surface defects on ultra-smooth surfaces, the author propose a method of measuring the depth information about the surface defects of optical elements by using a relationship model between surface roughness and surface defects. The relationship between surface roughness and surface scratches is analyzed, and the relationship model is established. Then, by simulating the surface roughness with scratches and without scratches, according to the relationship model, the depth information of the surface of the optical component is calculated and the correctness of the model is verified. Finally, the length and width information of the surface scratches are measured according to the microscopic scattering dark field imaging method, the surface roughness is measured by white light interferometry, and the depth information of the surface scratches is calculated according to the above relationship model. The results are compared with the conclusion of the white light interferometer. The depth calculated by the roughness is basically consistent with the measured scratch depth, and the error is between 0.205 nm and 4.246 nm. Therefore, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of this proposed method.

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42

Polfus, Jonathan M., Tor S. Bjørheim, Truls Norby, and Rune Bredesen. "Surface defect chemistry of Y-substituted and hydrated BaZrO3 with subsurface space-charge regions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 19 (2016): 7437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02067d.

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First-principles calculations were utilized to elucidate the complete defect equilibria of surfaces of proton conducting BaZrO₃, encompassing charged species adsorbed to the surface, defects in the surface layer as well as in the subsurface space-charge region and bulk.

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43

TING, WU, T. EGI, R. ITTI, K. KURODA, N. KOSHIZUKA, and S. TANAKA. "IDENTIFICATION OF THE NATURAL TERMINATION LAYER ON THE SURFACES OF As-PREPARED Nd1Ba2Cu3Oy SINGLE CRYSTALS AND SURFACE DEFECT STRUCTURES." Modern Physics Letters B 09, no. 20 (August 30, 1995): 1297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984995001273.

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The natural termination layer has been identified to be the CuO chain layer on the surfaces of as-prepared high quality Nd 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−y (Nd123) single crystals, employing an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (UHV-STM) system. It is found that the oxygen atoms of the CuO chain layer are unstable in the environment of UHV (~10−8 Pa). Oxygen loss occurs in some areas of the surfaces of Nd123 single crystals, leading to some localized surface defect structures. Such defect structures may be responsible for the poor reproducibility of the superconducting gap structure observed on the surface of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O y from low temperature tunneling measurements.

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Li, Jun, Meilin Zhu, Rou Feng, Yingjie Yuan, Zewei Fu, Liangliang Meng, Yingwu Wang, Ying Zhou, Hui Zhang, and Hongcun Bai. "Structural Characteristics, Stability, and Electronic Properties of 001 Surface with Point Defects of Zinc Stannate: A First-Principle Study." Inorganics 10, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10120258.

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This work presents first-principles calculations on the surface and defect impact upon zinc stannate (ZS) materials with perovskite bulk structures. The structure and electronic properties of both a perfect 001 surface and surfaces with a point defect of ZS were investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. The cohesive energies of a perfect 001 surface and those with O, Sn, or Zn defects were decreased compared with that of bulk ZS. Oxygen defects on the 001 surface of ZS formed more easily than others based on the obtained cohesive energy and defect formation energy. The electronic properties close to the Fermi levels of bulk ZS materials were mainly controlled by the O 2p and Sn 5s orbitals. The formation of vacancy on the 001 surface of ZS changed the band structure and band gap compared with that of the bulk. The modulation mechanism was explored by means of structure transformation, band structure, and density of states analysis.

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Hashizume, Tamotsu, and Ryusuke Nakasaki. "Discrete surface state related to nitrogen-vacancy defect on plasma-treated GaN surfaces." Applied Physics Letters 80, no. 24 (June 17, 2002): 4564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1485309.

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46

Chen, Qing-Song, Francisco J. Vidal-Iglesias, José Solla-Gullón, Shi-Gang Sun, and Juan M. Feliu. "Role of surface defect sites: from Pt model surfaces to shape-controlled nanoparticles." Chem. Sci. 3, no. 1 (2012): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sc00503k.

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47

Min, Yongzhi, and Yaxing Li. "Self-Supervised Railway Surface Defect Detection with Defect Removal Variational Autoencoders." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 3592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103592.

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In railway surface defect detection applications, supervised deep learning methods suffer from the problems of insufficient defect samples and an imbalance between positive and negative samples. To overcome these problems, we propose a lightweight two-stage architecture including the railway cropping network (RC-Net) and defects removal variational autoencoder (DR-VAE), which requires only normal samples for training to achieve defect detection. First, we design a simple and effective RC-Net to extract railway surfaces accurately from railway inspection images. Second, the DR-VAE is proposed for background reconstruction of railway surface images to detect defects by self-supervised learning. Specifically, during the training process, DR-VAE contains a defect random mask module (D-RM) to generate self-supervised signals and uses a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) as pixel loss. In addition, the decoder of DR-VAE also acts as a discriminator to implement introspective adversarial training. In the inference stage, we reduce the random error of reconstruction by introducing a distribution capacity attenuation factor, and finally use the residuals of the original and reconstructed images to achieve segmentation of the defects. The experiments, including core parameter exploration and comparison with other models, indicate that the model can achieve a high detection accuracy.

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48

YANG, LIXIA, XIAOLI LEI, JUN FENG, YUXIN ZHANG, and MINGXING LIU. "DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY STUDY OF H2O ADSORPTION AND DISSOCIATION ON Al (111) SURFACE." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 12, no. 05 (August 2013): 1350035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633613500351.

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Comparative study about the adsorption and dissociation behaviors of H2O molecule on clean and vacancy defective Al (111) surface was conducted by extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the interaction mechanisms between H2O molecule and Al (111) surface were also figured out. Geometry optimization results indicated that H2O molecule was apt to be adsorbed at top site on these two kinds of surfaces, whereas, the adsorption configurations, the adsorption type and inclination of H2O molecule planes away from the normal were different. The calculated adsorption energies demonstrated that the adsorption of H2O molecule occurred more readily on vacancy defective Al (111) surface. The electron density distribution indicated that the vacancy defect enhanced the interactions between H2O molecule and surface Al atoms. Further analysis of the density of states (DOS) showed that the vacancy defect increased the number of bonding electrons between H2O molecule and surface Al atoms. The detailed exploration of dissociation pathways demonstrated that the dissociation of H2O molecule on these two kinds of surfaces was a two-step process: (1) H2O → H + OH , (2) OH → H + O . However, for each step the dissociation pathway variations on vacancy defective Al (111) surface were different with those on clean Al (111) surface. Compared with the first step, the dissociation of hydroxyl group into O atom and H atom was kinetically difficult. The calculated lower activation energy barriers on vacancy defective Al (111) surface showed that the vacancy defect had catalytic effect for the dissociation of H2O molecule to some extent, especially for the first step.

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Lai, W. S., Y. N. Osetsky, and D. J. Bacon. "Point-defect properties of and sputtering events in the {001} surfaces of Ni3Al I. Surface and point-defect properties." Philosophical Magazine 84, no. 2 (January 11, 2004): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430310001623560.

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50

Gielinger, Sebastian, Gunther Bohn, Frank Deinzer, and Andreas Linke. "Investigation of an Inline Inspection Method for the Examination of Cylinder-like Specular Surfaces Using Deflectometry." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 25, 2022): 6449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136449.

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An optical measuring method is presented, with which it is possible to measure and evaluate reflective cylindrical surfaces using a combination of deflectometry and subsequent reconstruction of the surface. The system is set up and tested on rolling elements of cylindrical roller bearings. However, it is not limited to this use case and can be applied to other cylindrical specular surfaces. The system distinguishes itself from existing test methods through the combination of high-resolution three-dimensional defect measurement with a very short recording time, and offers the possibility of introducing tolerance limits in the production of cylindrical specular surfaces. With this method, it is possible to record a defect with the dimensions of 1.3mm by 1.8mm within 5 s and to reconstruct the absolute depth. The resolution of the system is below 10 μm in both X- and Y-direction, and is therefore sufficiently accurate to detect typical surface defects such as scratches, dents, or deformations. To validate the measured values of the system, the results of an artificially generated 10.35 μm deep defect location were compared with those of a highly accurate mechanical stylus measurement.

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