Relevant bibliographies by topics / Surface defects

Academic literature on the topic 'Surface defects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Surface defects"

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CONRAD, EDWARD H. "THE STABILITY OF LOW INDEX METAL SURFACES TO TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 05, no. 03 (February 10, 1991): 427–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979291000274.

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The study of defect formation at metal surfaces is a fundamental problem in surface physics. An understanding of defect formation is pertinent to growth and diffusion mechanisms. In addition, surface roughening, faceting, and surface melting are all defect mediated phase transitions involving the formation of different topological defects. While the importance of defects at surfaces is well recognized, the study of surface defects has been hampered by the lack of sufficiently accurate experimental techniques. In fact, it is only in the past 6 years that experiments on the thermal generation of defects on metal surfaces have been performed. This review attempts to outline both the theoretical and experimental work on surface defect formation on metal systems.
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Zhao, Xiaoji, Yanlu Li, and Xian Zhao. "Density Functional Theory Study of the Point Defects on KDP (100) and (101) Surfaces." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 17, 2022): 9014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249014.

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Surface defects are usually associated with the formation of other forms of expansion defects in crystals, which have an impact on the crystals’ growth quality and optical properties. Thereby, the structure, stability, and electronic structure of the hydrogen and oxygen vacancy defects (VH and VO) on the (100) and (101) growth surfaces of KDP crystals were studied by using density functional theory. The effects of acidic and alkaline environments on the structure and properties of surface defects were also discussed. It has been found that the considered vacancy defects have different properties on the (100) and (101) surfaces, especially those that have been reported in the bulk KDP crystals. The (100) surface has a strong tolerance for surface VH and VO defects, while the VO defect causes a large lattice relaxation on the (101) surface and introduces a deep defect level in the band gap, which damages the optical properties of KDP crystals. In addition, the results show that the acidic environment is conducive to the repair of the VH defects on the surface and can eliminate the defect states introduced by the surface VO defects, which is conducive to improving the quality of the crystal surface and reducing the defect density. Our study opens up a new way to understand the structure and properties of surface defects in KDP crystals, which are different from the bulk phase, and also provides a theoretical basis for experimentally regulating the surface defects in KDP crystals through an acidic environment.
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Zhan, Hai Fei, Yuan Tong Gu, Cheng Yan, and Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda. "Numerical Exploration of the Defect’s Effect on Mechanical Properties of Nanowires under Torsion." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.498.

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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out to investigate the defect’s effect on the mechanical properties of single-crystal copper nanowire with different surface defects, under torsion deformation. The torsional rigidity is found insensitive to the surface defects and the critical angle appears an obvious decrease due to the surface defects, the largest decrease is found for the nanowire with surface horizon defect. The deformation mechanism appears different degrees of influence due to surface defects. The surface defects play a role of dislocation sources. Comparing with single intrinsic stacking faults formation for the perfect nanowire, much affluent deformation processes have been activated because of surface defects, for instance, we find the twins formation for the nanowire with a surface 45odefect.
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Gabániová, Mária. "Surface Chemistry-Based Surface Defects Situated on Steel Strips Edges." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.199.

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Two thirds of all examined defect cases present on rolled steel strips appeared to be chemical in nature. They are characterized by a modification in surface chemistry. Chemistry-based defects on the steel strips can vary in composition and generally consist of reaction products with the steel substrate. First big category of widely occurring chemistry-based defects is corrosion or oxidation, second contamination with alien matter and third defect category is related to carbon sediments. A number of different surface chemistry-based defects are related to annealing process. Common problem, that occurs in communication is, that identical defects are often indicated by different names and identical names are given for different defects. In the present study an overview including possible causes of three types of the continuous chemistry-based defects situated on the steel strip edges, that appeared to be the same at first glance, is presented: carbon edge deposit, low reflectivity band and annealed border.
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Duarte Naia, Marco, Paulo M. Gordo, Orlando M. N. D. Teodoro, Adriano P. de Lima, Augusto M. C. Moutinho, and Roberto S. Brusa. "Sub-Surface Defects Induced by Low Energy Ar+ Sputtering of Silver." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1608.

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Induced defects in silver polycrystalline samples irradiated with 4 keV Ar+ were characterised with slow positron implantation spectroscopy. The implanted gas was found to interact with ion irradiation defects. The evolution of the defects and gas-defect interactions were followed through a multi-step isochronal annealing treatment. Two different defected regions were detected. A region near to the surface, due to a distribution of vacancy-like defects produced by irradiation, and a deeper one due to coalescence of Ar. The deeper defects evolve with thermal treatments and probably produce cavities which are not easily recovered.
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Akdemir, Bayram, and Şaban Öztürk. "Glass Surface Defects Detection with Wavelet Transforms." International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 3, no. 3 (2015): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmmm.2015.v3.189.

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Yixuan, Liu, Wu Dongbo, Liang Jiawei, and Wang Hui. "Aeroengine Blade Surface Defect Detection System Based on Improved Faster RCNN." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 2023 (May 10, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1992415.

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Aiming at the difficulty of automatic blade detection and the discontinuous defects on the full image, an aeroengine blade surface defect detection system based on improved faster RCNN is designed. Firstly, a dataset of blade surface defects is constructed. To solve the problem that the original faster RCNN is hard to detect tiny defects, RoI align is adopted to replace RoI pooling in the improved faster RCNN and the feature pyramid networks (FPN) combined with ResNet-50 are introduced for feature extraction. To address the issue of discontinuous defects on the full image, the nonmaximum suppression (NMS) algorithm is improved to ensure the continuity of defects. A four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) motion platform and an industrial camera are used to collect images of blade surfaces. The detection results generated by the improved faster RCNN are compared with the results of the unimproved method. The experimental results prove that the defect detection system based on the improved faster RCNN can realize automatic defect detection on the blade surface with high accuracy. It also solves the issues of tiny defect detection and discontinuous defects on the full result image of the blade.
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Odgaard, P. F., J. Stoustrup, and P. Andersen. "Detection of Surface Defects on Compact Discs." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/36319.

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Online detection of surface defects on optical discs is of high importance for the accommodation schemes handling these defects. These surface defects introduce defect components to the position measurements of focus and radial tracking positions. The respective controllers will accordingly try to suppress these defect components resulting in a wrong positioning of the optical disc drive. In this paper, two novel schemes for detecting these surface defects are introduced and compared. Both methods, which are an extended threshold scheme and a wavelet packet-based scheme, improve the detection compared with a standard threshold scheme. The extended threshold scheme detects the four tested defects with a maximal detection delay of 3 samples while the wavelet packet-based scheme has a maximal detection delay of 6 samples. Simulations of focus and radial positions in the presence of a surface defect are performed in order to inspect the importance and consequences of the size of the detection delay, from which it can be seen that focus and radial position errors increase significantly due to the defect as the detection delay increases.
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Almazova, L. A., and O. S. Sedova. "SIMULATION OF THE SURFACE DEFECTS INFLUENCE ON THE ALUMINUM ALLOY BEHAVIOUR UNDER THE CYCLIC LOAD CONDITIONS." Frontier materials & technologies, no. 1 (2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2022-1-7-14.

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Aluminum and its alloys, such as the Al–Si–Mg alloy, are widely used in various industrial and engineering fields due to their mechanical properties. In this case, the defects occurring during the casting process adversely affect the behavior of this alloy under cyclic load conditions. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the surface defect influence on the material's fatigue strength is currently of great importance. The paper presents a numerical investigation based on the finite element method intended to evaluate the effect of the interaction of the complex-shaped defects on the stress of the Al–Si–Mg aluminum alloy. The developed complex-defect model consists of a hemispherical main (base) defect and a secondary defect at the bottom of the main one. The authors use the Chaboche model to describe the material’s behavior under the cyclic load conditions. The paper contains the computational solution constructed with the ANSYS Workbench platform. The authors supposed that it is possible to approximate the considered complex defect form by an equivalent simplified defect. The study shows that the maximum von Mises stress values for the complex-shaped defects are achieved at the joint of the secondary defect with the main one. In the case of an equivalent defect, the maximum values are observed at the defect's bottom and on the periphery. The authors comparatively estimated the uncertainty obtained using an equivalent defect and the cases of three complex-shaped defects and three hemispherical defects without additional (secondary) damage. This estimation shows that in the case of a complex-shaped defect, the equivalent defect model has an error of 14.5 %, which is 6.5 % greater than in the case of the hemispherical defects without secondary damages at the bottom.
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Zhang, Zhongli, Can Wang, Xiaowen Hu, and Yushan Ni. "Shape Effect of Surface Defects on Nanohardness by Quasicontinuum Method." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100909.

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Nanoindentation on a platinum thin film with surface defects in a rectangular shape and triangular shape was simulated using the quasicontinuum method to study the shape effect of surface defects on nanohardness. The results show that the nanohardness of thin film with triangular defects is basically larger than those with rectangular defects, which is closely related to the height of the surface defects at the boundary near to the indenter. Moreover, the triangular defect might have an enhancement effect on nanohardness by a certain size of the defects and the boundary orientation of the defect, where such an enhancement effect increases as the defect grows. Furthermore, the nanohardness decreases when the defect is folded from wide to narrow in the same atom cavity, and particularly expresses a more obvious drop when the height of the defects increases. In addition, larger sizes of the rectangular defect induce more reduction in nanohardness, while the nanohardness of the triangular surface defect is sensitive to the periodic arrangement of atoms changed by the boundary orientation of the defect, which is well explained and demonstrated by the calculation formula theory of necessary load for dislocation emission.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surface defects"

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Clarke, Alasdair Daniel Francis. "Modelling visual search for surface defects." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2351.

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Much work has been done on developing algorithms for automated surface defect detection. However, comparisons between these models and human perception are rarely carried out. This thesis aims to investigate how well human observers can nd defects in textured surfaces, over a wide range of task di culties. Stimuli for experiments will be generated using texture synthesis methods and human search strategies will be captured by use of an eye tracker. Two di erent modelling approaches will be explored. A computational LNL-based model will be developed and compared to human performance in terms of the number of xations required to find the target. Secondly, a stochastic simulation, based on empirical distributions of saccades, will be compared to human search strategies.
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Williams, M. D. "Rail surface geometry defects and track settlement /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensw725.pdf.

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Vyas, Shyam. "Simulation of ceria : bulk and surface defects." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398294.

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MARQUES, MARCOS ALEXANDRE. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACE DEFECTS ROLLED STEEL PRODUCTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4394@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O estudo teve por objetivo investigar o mecanismo de formação de trincas superficiais na direção longitudinal de laminação em barras do aço 1538 DH adotado na fabricação de componentes para a indústria automobilística. Tem-se conseguido alguns avanços no entendimento dos mecanismos de trincamento de produtos laminados, porém tais avanços não permitem, até o presente momento, a eliminação total do problema, o que vem causando o sucateamento de um expressivo percentual de produtos siderúrgicos. No escopo deste trabalho chegou-se a características microestruturais do material que sugerem as causas do trincamento durante o processo de laminação e, para tal, realizou-se o mapeamento das trincas, análises por microscopia ótica, classificação das inclusões, caracterizações por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e EDS, difração de raios-X, ensaios de tração, ensaios de dureza e microdureza, bem como simulação de ciclos térmicos. Os resultados destas análises indicaram que a nucleação e posterior propagação das trincas podem estar relacionadas à presença de precipitados de segunda fase em regiões interdendríticas, o que causaria a fragilização do contorno de grão durante laminação a quente.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cracking mechanism with regard to longitudinal surface cracks in rolled 1538 DH steel bars used for the automotive industry. Although some advances have been achieved concerning the understanding of the cracking mechanism, the problem is not yet totally eliminated and still causing the scraping of a significant percentage of steel products. In the course of this work it was possible to determine some microstructural characteristics of the material which may lead to cracking due to the rolling process. In this sense, it was necessary to carry out an experimental procedure that included crack mapping, optical microscopy, classification of the inclusions, scanning electron microscopy, EDS analysis, X- ray diffraction, tensile testing, hardness and microhardness evaluation as well as thermal cycle simulations. The results seem to suggest that the crack nucleation and crack propagation are related to the presence of interdendritic second phase particles which induce to grain boundary embrittlement during hot rolling.
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Fan, Yichao. "The analysis of surface defects using the ultrasonic Rayleigh surface wave." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495017.

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Surface defects, such as rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracking, can be a difficult class of surface defects for existing on-line non-destructive testing techniques to detect and size accurately at high speed. Gauge corner cracking on the running surface of the railway track is a type of RCF defect. There are economic and safety benefits to have an accurate, fast and reliable NDT technique to detect such defects. The EMAT pitch-catch ultrasonic testing technique, using the Rayleigh surface wave developed at the laser ultrasound group, has been shown to be able to detect and size surface defects. The pitch-catch geometry also allows this technique to be used at high speed, for on-line NDT applications.
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Cregan, Robert Fraser. "Defects on the free surface of superfluid helium." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261949.

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Shanmugham, Chetiyar Krishna Kumar, and Venkata Sri Sai Sumanth Galla. "Measurement of Surface Defects in 3D Printed Models." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32487.

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The ease of manufacturing using additive manufacturing (3D-Printing) reduces the overall production cost compared with the traditional manufacturing techniques. Because of the benefits of 3D printing technologies, it is proposed to be used in manufacturing of different products. But there are some flaws that are causing significant effect on 3D printed models which degrades the quality of the product. Hence in order to handle these defects, different measurement techniques are needed to quantify the defects that are seen on the surface of 3D-printed models. In our study there are two experimental setups. Experimental setup one was made to find out the proper coating timing to enable measurement using two good samples without defects in different colors blue and red with same material. Different 2D and 3D parameters were used for the surface measurements are collected and noted for further research. The Defective samples are measured using the state of the art equipment at Halmstad University. Experimental setup two was made to prepare the defective samples and measure the samples. The results obtained assisted to quantify the surface defects seen in the samples. This thesis studies some of the different methods that can be implemented to measure the surface defects on the 3D printed models. A little study on the various defects formed on the 3D printed models and what are the causes for the defects on the products were performed. The results suggest different method for the defects to be measured in both industrial and home or small scale office applications.
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Choi, Jae-Boong. "Plastic collapse of circumferential surface defects in pipeline materials." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22194.pdf.

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Kamal, Alm Hajer. "Interfacial Adhesion Failure : Impact on print-coating surface defects." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194166.

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The aim of this work was to develop a solid knowledge on formulation effects controlling offset ink-paper coating adhesion and to identify key factors of the coating and printing process affecting it. Focus lay on comprehending the impact of pigment dispersant on ink-paper coating adhesion and ultimately on the print quality of offset prints. The work covers laboratory studies, a pilot coating trial designed to produce coated material with a span in surface chemistry and structure, and an industrial offset printing trial. The lab scale studies quantified ink-paper coating adhesion failure during ink setting with a developed laboratory procedure based on the Ink-Surface Interaction Tester (ISIT) and image analysis. Additional polyacrylate dispersant resulted in slower ink setting and reduced ink-paper coating adhesion, with a dependence on its state of salt neutralisation and cation exchange, mainly in the presence of moisture/liquid water. The industrial printing trial on pilot coated papers was designed to study how these laboratory findings affected full scale offset print quality. These trials confirmed the dispersant-sensitive effect on ink-paper coating adhesion, especially at high water feeds. Evaluation of prints from the printing trial resulted in two fundamentally different types of ink adhesion failure being identified. The first type being traditional ink refusal, and the second type being a novel mechanism referred to as ink-lift-off adhesion failure. Ink-lift-off adhesion failure occurs when ink is initially deposited on the paper but then lifted off in a subsequent print unit. In this work, ink adhesion failure by this ink-lift-off mechanism was observed to occur more often than failure due to ink refusal. Print quality evaluation of the industrial prints suggested that water induced mottle was caused by a combination of ink-surface adhesion failure, creating white spots on the print, together with variation in ink layer thickness due to emulsified ink.

QC 20161019

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Thomas, Sarah A. "EPR study of intrinsic near surface defects in SiC." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/thomas.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Surface defects"

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Petrenko, Victor F. The surface of ice. [Hanover, N.H.]: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1994.

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Louban, Roman. Image Processing of Edge and Surface Defects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00683-8.

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Association, Portland Cement, ed. Concrete slab surface defects: Causes, prevention, repair. Skokie, Ill: Portland Cement Association, 1987.

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J, Fisher D., ed. Surface reconstructions. Stafa-Zuerich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 2009.

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Borstel, Gunnar, Andris Krumins, and Donats Millers, eds. Defects and Surface-Induced Effects in Advanced Perovskites. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4030-0.

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Borstel, Gunnar. Defects and Surface-Induced Effects in Advanced Perovskites. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000.

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Gunnar, Borstel, Krūmin̳š A, Millers Donats, and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Defects and Surface-Induced Effects in Advanced Perovskites (1999 : Jūrmala, Latvia), eds. Defects and surface-induced effects in advanced perovskites. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Fistulʹ, V. I. Amfoternye primesi v poluprovodnikakh. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1992.

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Goldstein, Robert V., and Gerard A. Maugin, eds. Surface Waves in Anisotropic and Laminated Bodies and Defects Detection. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2387-1.

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Peter, Kvam Eric, ed. Defect-interface interactions : symposium held November 29-December 2, 1993, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Pittsburgh, Pa: Materials Research Society, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Surface defects"

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Bechstedt, Friedhelm. "Defects." In Principles of Surface Physics, 293–315. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55466-7_7.

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Colbourn, E. A. "Computer Simulation of Surface Defects." In Defects in Solids, 337–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0761-8_15.

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Mazzuca, Anthony R. "Porcelain Enamel Surface Defects." In 62nd Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 21, Issue 5, 131–35. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294642.ch21.

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Gurylev, Vitaly. "Bulk vs Surface Defects." In Nanostructured Photocatalyst via Defect Engineering, 73–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81911-8_3.

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Ostapenko, N. I., V. I. Sugakov, and M. T. Shpak. "Surface Excitons." In Spectroscopy of Defects in Organic Crystals, 159–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1675-6_5.

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Tetlow, Holly Alexandra. "Removing Defects: Healing Single Vacancy Defects." In Theoretical Modeling of Epitaxial Graphene Growth on the Ir(111) Surface, 143–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65972-5_7.

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Netzelmann, Udo. "Induction Thermography of Surface Defects." In Handbook of Advanced Non-Destructive Evaluation, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30050-4_31-1.

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Netzelmann, Udo. "Induction Thermography of Surface Defects." In Handbook of Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation, 1497–522. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26553-7_31.

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Dumitrescu, Andrei, Gh Zecheru, and A. Diniţă. "Characterisation of Volumetric Surface Defects." In Non-destructive Testing and Repair of Pipelines, 117–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56579-8_9.

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RADZIG, V. A. "DEFECTS ON ACTIVATED SILICA SURFACE." In Defects in SiO2 and Related Dielectrics: Science and Technology, 339–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0944-7_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Surface defects"

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De Angelis, Filippo. "Defects, Surfaces and Surface Defects in Metal-halide Perovskites." In nanoGe International Conference on Perovskite Solar Cells, Photonics and Optoelectronics. València: Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nipho.2019.027.

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Stover, John C., and Douglas E. McGary. "Detection of Discrete Surface and Subsurface Defects." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1990.othc6.

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Smooth surface topography (finish) has been related, almost exactly, to the corresponding reflected scatter pattern under the condition that the sample is a smooth, clean, front surface reflector [1-3]. However, another extremely useful application of light scatter metrology is the detection and mapping of component defects that do not meet the smooth, clean, reflective conditions of many mirror surfaces. Examples of such defects are surface contaminants, deep scratches and digs, coating globs and residues, and subsurface defects. When detecting the presence of these defects by scatter measurement, the surface topography scatter is a limiting source of noise. Although smooth non-topographic defects often scatter more light than the surrounding surface topography, they may sometimes scatter considerably less light because they have a small cross-sectional area or because they are buried just beneath a reflective surface. In such cases, a low signal to noise ratio results. If it can be established that non-topographic defects scatter light differently than surface topography, then these differences can be exploited to improve signal to noise and map the defects using various raster techniques described in the literature. This paper discusses polarization differences in topographic and defect scatter and outlines techniques that have been used to enhance defect detection.
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Yang, Lei, Ge Gao, Man Wu, and Jianyong Li. "Automatic Defect Recognition Method of Aluminium Profile Surface Defects." In ICRAI 2021: 2021 7th International Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3505688.3505692.

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Ocelík, V., M. Eekma, I. Hemmati, M. Dutka, and J. Th M. De Hosson. "Experimental approach to eliminate Start/Stop defects in laser cladding." In CONTACT AND SURFACE 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/secm110211.

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González, A. Jiménez, and D. Schmeisser. "Characterization of defects in chemically modified γ-Al2O3 thin films." In The 8th Latin American congress on surface science: Surfaces , vacuum, and their applications. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51186.

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Georgieva, Lidiya, Kaloyan Krastev, and Nikola Angelov. "Identification of surface leather defects." In the 4th international conference conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/973620.973670.

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Iivarinen, J., J. Rauhamaa, and A. Visa. "Unsupervised segmentation of surface defects." In Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.1996.547445.

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Taraf, M., M. F. Ghanameh, M. Mliha Touati, O. Oussouaddi, and A. Zeghloul. "Numerical Simulation of Material Sub-Surface Defects in Rolling Contact Fatigue." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63654.

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To ensure the safety and of reducing the costs of maintenances in railways systems, it is necessary to evaluate the life prediction of fatigue crack initiation in rolling contact fatigue starting from the defects. The influence of defects on the rolling contact fatigue was studied, we simulated two types of geometry of defect (circular and elliptic) and also we studied the influence of defects clusters. The stresses and deformations were analyzed in the vicinity of the defect. Calculations were carried out with four levels of loading with the code of finite elements ABAQUS-standard (version 6.3). The fatigue impact was evaluated by using the multiaxial fatigue parameter to estimate the rolling contact fatigue life.
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Fontalvo, Victor M., Danny Illera, Marco E. Sanjuan, and Humberto A. Gomez. "PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes Surface Defects Impact on the System Performance." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23920.

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Abstract Fuel cell system manufacturing process is not a defect-free process, therefore, the impact of typical defects in the electrodes (i.e. Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL)) surface has to be taken into consideration when the fuel cell system is being designed. To assess the impact of the defect on the performance, two approaches were taken into consideration. Initially, the fuel cell system was simulated using a unidimensional (1D) dynamic model which took into consideration mass transfer, heat transfer, and electrochemical phenomena. The second approach was experimental, using a 5 sq.cm PEM fuel cell, the impact of the GDL porosity on the fuel cell system was studied. Also, the system response under different load changes was investigated. After that, experimental results are presented to give a better insight into the phenomena analyzed, mainly on the dynamic system response. Cracks and catalyst clusters were the main defects analyzed, both of them were observed in new membranes assemblies. To control the defects, new membranes assemblies were tested, and after that, defects were induced using Nafion solution and catalyst powder to emulate the presence of catalyst clusters. For the cracks, some fibers in the GDL cloth were cut to emulate the defect. Membranes now with defects were tested again to compare its performance and detect any performance loss due to the physical changes in the electrodes. Results indicate a strong correlation between the porosity and the supply air pressure and the system time constants. Also, the impact of the defects was evidenced in the dynamic system response, after step changes in the operating conditions.
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Fan, Y., S. Dixon, R. S. Edwards, and X. Jian. "Ultrasonic Surface Wave Propagation and Interaction with Surface Defects." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2718063.

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Reports on the topic "Surface defects"

1

Blakely, J. Surface phases, surface defects and initial stages of oxidation. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/676888.

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Stair, Peter C. The Role of Surface Structural Defects in the Oxidation of A1(111) Surfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201444.

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Denys, Waele, and Lefevre. L52239 Input to Code Revision for Interaction of Girth Weld Defects under Plastic Collapse Conditions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011348.

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A pipeline girth weld may contain one single or multiple defects. If discrete multiple notches occur, current codes define by applying proximity rules the defect dimensions to be used in an ECA. The defect interaction rules contained in pipeline specific standards are based on linear elastic fracture mechanics with conservative approximations. Similar solutions for failure by plastic collapse are non-existent. In this study, using experimental data of wide plate tests, interaction criteria for ductile girth welds containing multiple coplanar surface breaking defects are proposed. Based on a simple plastic collapse assessment, defect length limits ensuring the onset of remote yielding in the pipe bodies are calculated. A two-tier assessment procedure, based on a comparison of the sum of the individual defect lengths with these characteristic limits, is proposed. If the total defect length is smaller than the characteristic defect length limit interaction will not occur. The defect length limit ensuring remote yielding in the case of multiple defects is dependent on the spacing between defects. The defect length limits also incorporate the effect of yield-to-tensile ratio. The performance behaviour of wide plates with coplanar surface-breaking defects is compared with existing and proposed interaction criteria. The assessment shows that the proposed defect interaction procedure is less conservative than the rules currently embodied in pipeline specific standards.
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Upchurch, Bruce, Ruth Ben-Arie, Amots Hetzroni, James Throop, and Farhad Geoola. Photometric Imaging for Detecting Surface and Internal Defects on Apples. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7603830.bard.

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Cox, D. F. Influence of surface defects and local structure on oxygenate reaction pathways over metal oxide surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7163748.

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Beaudoin, Armand. Hot Rolling Scrap Reduction through Edge Cracking and Surface Defects Control. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1362088.

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Yan, M., S. Oberhelman, L. Wang, W. Siekhaus, and M. Kozlowski. Characterization of surface and sub-surface defects in optical materials using the near field evanescent wave. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/334222.

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Blakely, J. Surface phases, surface defects and the initial stages of oxidation. Progress report, August 15, 1993--August 14, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10174662.

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Patel, Jamshed R. Diffuse X-ray Streaks from Defects and Surface Features in Boron Implanted Silicon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10516.

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Hallett, J. B. L51525 Sizing of Girth Weld Defects Using Focused Ultrasonic Beams. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010202.

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This project was produced to evaluate the performance of focused beams in sizing and positioning defects in pipeline girth welds. The sound beams from standard flat transducers were focused using acoustic lenses. Two types of plastics, having different sound velocities are used in the design of these lenses. One is used for the lens and the other for the wedge. The profile of the lens/wedge boundary was designed to focus the sound at a selected depth. The design takes into account the beam angle, beam diameter, focal point and working range required. The effects of test surface curvature were also incorporated into the design. This project was conducted in three phases using sample welds containing real defects, such as root cracks, slag and lack of sidewall fusion. In Phase III the individual defect size predictions were compared to the actual defects found during destructive examination. Only the readings where the signal sources could be positively identified as defects by breaking open or sectioning were included. All measurements were made to the nearest 0.5 mm (0.02 inches).
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