Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surface cloud radiative effect'
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Arouf, Assia. "Surface longwave cloud radiative effect derived from space lidar observations : application in the Arctic." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS173.
Full textClouds play an important role in regulating Earth’s energy budget at the surface. For example, clouds absorb thermal radiation emitted by Earth’s surface and reemit it toward the surface and warming the surface. This can be quantified through surface LongWave (LW) Cloud Radiative Effect (CRE). However, surface LW CRE on a global scale is not well retrieved and its instantaneous and interdecadal variability is poorly known. Indeed, it depends highly on vertical cloud distribution, which is poorly documented globally. In this thesis, we propose to retrieve the surface LW CRE over 13 years (2008 − 2020) at a global scale using Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spaceborne lidar observations. From 1D radiative transfer computations, we establish linear parametrizations between surface LW CRE and cloud properties including cloud altitude. Combining the parametrizations with the cloud observations, we derive two datasets of surface LW CRE, at monthly–2° × 2° gridded scale and instantaneously at full CALIPSO horizontal resolution (90 m cross-track; 330 m along orbit-track). We found that clouds warm the surface by 27.0 W/m2 over the 2008 − 2020 time period at a global scale. Surface LW CRE is particularly important in polar regions such that clouds may have an effect on ice melting. By instantaneously co-locating surface cloud warming and sea ice observations in regions where sea ice varies, we showed that large surface cloud warming values (> 80 W/m2 ) are much more frequent over open water than over sea ice during late Fall. Our results suggest that clouds may delay sea ice freeze-up later into the Fall
Marty, Christoph. "Surface radiation, cloud forcing and greenhouse effect in the Alps /." Zürich, 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13609.
Full textSchäfer, Michael, Eike Bierwirth, André Ehrlich, Evi Jäkel, and Manfred Wendisch. "Three-dimensional radiative effects in Arctic boundary layer clouds above ice edges." Universität Leipzig, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16651.
Full textMit Hilfe flugzeuggetragener abbildender spektraler Beobachtungen wurden 3-D Strahlungseffekte zwischen arktischen Grenzschichtwolken sowie der hochvariablen arktischen Bodenoberfläche identifiziert und quantifiziert. Eine Methode zur Differenzierung von Meereis und offener Wasserflächen, auf Grundlage flugzeuggetragener Messungen der aufwärtsgerichteten Strahldichte im sichtbaren Spektralbereich, während bewölkter Bedingungen wird vorgestellt. Diese Differenzierung zeigt gleichzeitig auf, dass die Strahldichtereduzierung beim Übergang vom Meereis zu den offenen Wasserflächen nicht unmittelbar erfolgt, sondern horizontal geglättet ist. Allgemein verringern Wolken in der Umgebung von Eiskanten die Nadir-Strahldichte über den hellen Eisflächen und erhöhen sie über dunklen Meeresoberflächen. Mit Hilfe von 3-D Strahlungstransferrechnungen wurde dieser Effekt quantifiziert. Die Reichweite dieses Effektes wird sowohl von den Wolken- als auch den Oberflächeneigenschaften beeinflusst. Für eine flache Wolke zwischen 0 und 200 m, so wie sie während der arktischen Feldkampagne Vertical Distribution of Ice in Arctic Clouds (VERDI), 2012 beobachtet werden konnte, führt eine Erhöhung der wolkenoptischen Dicke von tau = 1 zu tau = 10 zu einer Verringerung in deltaL von 600 zu 250 m. Zudem führt eine Erhöhung der Wolkenhöhe und ihrer geometrischen Dicke zu einer Zunahme von deltaL. Anschließend wurde der Einfluss dieser 3-D Strahlungseffekte auf die Ableitungsergebnisse von tau untersucht. Die Aufhellung eines dunkleren Pixels neben der Eiskante führt zu Unsicherheiten von bis zu 90 % bei der Ableitung von . Beim effektiven Radius zu bis zu 30 %. DeltaL ist ein Maß mit Hilfe dessen die Entfernung zur Eiskante bestimmt werden kann, ab welcher die Unsicherheiten bezüglich der 3-D Effekte vernachlässigt werden können.
Viúdez, i. Mora Antoni. "Atmospheric downwelling longwave radiation at the surface during cloudless and overcast conditions. Measurements and modeling." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31841.
Full textLa radiació infrarroja a l’atmosfera és una component important del balanç energètic del planeta; en estar fortament relacionada amb l’efecte hivernacle influeix de manera remarcable en el clima. En aquest estudi s’avalua la bondat de les estimacions de la irradiància infrarroja incident en superfície (DLR) fetes amb un model unidimensional de transferència radiativa, el Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART), per a condicions de cel serè o bé completament ennuvolat. Els càlculs realitzats amb aquest model han estat comparats amb mesures de pirgeòmetre realitzades en tres emplaçaments a Europa: Girona (NE de la Península Ibèrica), Payerne (a l’est de Suïssa), i Heselbach (a la Selva Negra, Alemanya). Els estudis de sensibilitat fets amb el model de transferència radiativa han mostrat l’especial importància que tenen els perfils atmosfèrics de temperatura i contingut d’aigua en absència de núvols; per cels completament ennuvolats l’estudi de sensibilitat mostra que, a banda dels perfils atmosfèrics esmentats, l’altura de la base dels núvols és molt rellevant. S’ha estimat la DLR per indrets on no es disposava de radiosondatges, substituint-los bé per un radiosondatge proper, o bé per perfils interpolats espacialment en l’anàlisi del model de predicció meteorològica de l’European Centre of Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). Els càlculs han estat comparats amb mesures per tots els llocs. Per condicions de cel serè, i quan es disposa de radiosondatge, els càlculs mostren una diferència amb les mesures de -2.7 ± 3.4 Wm-2 (Payerne). Quan no es disposa d’aquests perfils, la diferència entre les modelitzacions i les mesures és de 0.3 ± 9.4 Wm-2 (Girona). Per condicions de cel cobert, quan es disposa del radiosondatge i les propietats dels núvols (derivades a partir d’un algoritme que empra mesures espectrals en infraroig i en la banda de microones en superfície, Selva Negra), els càlculs mostren una diferència amb les mesures de -0.28 ± 2.52 Wm-2. Quan es fan servir els perfils del ECMWF i es fixa el valor de la columna d’aigua líquida i el radi efectiu de les gotes d’aigua (Girona) els càlculs mostren una diferència amb les mesures de 4.0 ± 2.5 Wm-2. També s’ha confirmat per totes les condicions estudiades que les estimacions amb el model de transferència radiativa són notablement millors que les obtingudes amb parametritzacions senzilles de l’emissivitat atmosfèrica.
Spadanuda, Enrica. "Surface cloud radiative forcing from broadband radiation measurements on the Antarctic plateau." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10201/.
Full textLi, Xianming. "The effect of gas-surface interactions on radiative ignition of PMMA." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15888.
Full textMonteiro, Manuel Conceição Gonçalves. "Forçamento radiativo à superficie e no topo da atmosfera provocado por nuvens sobre a Região de Évora : Cloud radiative forcing to the surface and in the top of the atmosphere provoked for clouds on the region of Évora." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14850.
Full textXie, Yu. "The effect of ice crystal surface roughness on the retrieval of ice cloud microphysical and optical properties." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5970.
Full textVoogt, James Adrian. "Validation of an urban canyon radiation model for nocturnal long-wave radiative fluxes and the effect of surface geometry on cooling in urban canyons." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27679.
Full textArts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
Galloway, Christopher. "Non-radiative processes and vibrational pumping in surface-enhanced raman scattering : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1244.
Full textLi, Peng. "Temporal and Spatial Variability of Surface Solar Radiation over the South-West Indian Ocean and Reunion Island : Regional Climate Modeling." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0021/document.
Full textThis work documents the temporal and spatial variability of surface solar radiation (SSR) over the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) and Reunion Island using two complementary Regional Climate Models (RCMs): RegCM4 and WRF. The first part of the work is dedicated to the analysis of the temporal variability of SSR based on RegCM4 over the SWIO at a moderate spatial resolution (50km). Because RegCM4 is the first RCM that focuses on the solar radiation research over the SWIO region, a first series of test experiments with this model to illustrate the model performance and its sensitivity to the choice of the physical parameterizations (radiation, convection), the domain size, and the spatial resolution, are performed. The default CCM radiative and the mixed convective scheme: Grell scheme over land and Emanuel scheme over ocean, give better performance over the SWIO compared to the other available options. The interannual, intraseasonal and synoptic climate variability is then examined through the climate indices and several ERA-Interim parameters (U, V, T and RH) are firstly analyzed along with the corresponding RegCM4 output data to check whether the RegCM4 model forced by ERA-Interim reanalyses is able to maintain the El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the Tropical Temperate Trough (TTT) signals. Secondly, simulated SSR in association with the different modes of variability is examined. In the second part, SSR spatial variability over Reunion Island is analyzed based on WRF simulations at very fine resolution (750m) for seasonal, intraseasonal, and daily time scales. Clustering classification is applied to WRF simulated SSR over Reunion and the effect from the atmospheric circulation is checked together. Météo France observations and CM SAF are used to validate the results of the model. The results indicate that regional climate models have the ability to present the temporal and spatial variability of SSR over Reunion
Vaillant, De Guélis Thibault. "Apport des observations par lidar spatial pour comprendre l'effet radiatif des nuages dans l'infrarouge." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066580/document.
Full textBecause cloud processes are complex processes which operate at very different spatial scales, the evolution of the cloud radiative effect (CRE) in a warming climate is uncertain. To improve our understanding of the evolution of the CRE, it is useful to express it as a function of fundamental and observable cloud properties. In the infrared (LW), the altitude of clouds is one of the fundamental properties, together with their cover and opacity. The observations collected by the space-lidar CALIOP during the last decade allowed us to express the LW CRE using five cloud properties. We show that the LW CRE depends linearly on the cloud altitude. This linearity allows to decompose the variations of the LW CRE into contributions due to the five cloud properties. We observe that the cover of the opaque clouds drove the variations of the LW CRE during the last decade. The analysis of climate simulations performing the same approach by means of a lidar simulator shows that the variations of the LW CRE in the current climate are driven by the opaque cloud altitude, in disagreement with the observations. When we extend this analysis to the LW cloud feedback simulated in a future climate, we notice that they are also driven by the opaque cloud altitude. These results suggest that the space-lidar observations bring a strong observational constraint on the LW cloud feedbacks, which are one of the main sources of uncertainty in predicting future global average temperature evolution due to human activities
Hory, Marie Anne. "Contribution à l'étude de la luminescence du silicium poreux : analyse infrarouge de la passivation de surface et effets de la polarisation électrique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10150.
Full textHanschmann, Timo. "Unsicherheiten in der Erfassung des kurzwelligen Wolkenstrahlungseffektes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137323.
Full textVaillant, De Guélis Thibault. "Apport des observations par lidar spatial pour comprendre l'effet radiatif des nuages dans l'infrarouge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066580.
Full textBecause cloud processes are complex processes which operate at very different spatial scales, the evolution of the cloud radiative effect (CRE) in a warming climate is uncertain. To improve our understanding of the evolution of the CRE, it is useful to express it as a function of fundamental and observable cloud properties. In the infrared (LW), the altitude of clouds is one of the fundamental properties, together with their cover and opacity. The observations collected by the space-lidar CALIOP during the last decade allowed us to express the LW CRE using five cloud properties. We show that the LW CRE depends linearly on the cloud altitude. This linearity allows to decompose the variations of the LW CRE into contributions due to the five cloud properties. We observe that the cover of the opaque clouds drove the variations of the LW CRE during the last decade. The analysis of climate simulations performing the same approach by means of a lidar simulator shows that the variations of the LW CRE in the current climate are driven by the opaque cloud altitude, in disagreement with the observations. When we extend this analysis to the LW cloud feedback simulated in a future climate, we notice that they are also driven by the opaque cloud altitude. These results suggest that the space-lidar observations bring a strong observational constraint on the LW cloud feedbacks, which are one of the main sources of uncertainty in predicting future global average temperature evolution due to human activities
Hanschmann, Timo. "Unsicherheiten in der Erfassung des kurzwelligen Wolkenstrahlungseffektes." Doctoral thesis, Leibniz Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12324.
Full textHsieh, Wei-Chun. "The impacts of carbonaceous chemicals on cloud formation: cloud burning effect and surface film effect." 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2607200414042600.
Full textHsieh, Wei-Chun, and 謝幃鈞. "The impacts of carbonaceous chemicals on cloud formation: cloud burning effect and surface film effect." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89382189956049321676.
Full text國立臺灣大學
大氣科學研究所
92
This study applies theoretical analyses and numerical simulations to show how the cloud drop activation process is influenced by the presence of Black Carbon (BC) and Film-Forming Compounds (FFC). BC heating has the effect of raising critical saturation ratio of the droplet and may delay the activation of the aerosol into a cloud drop. The effect is stronger in larger Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) that contain higher amount of BC. Total heating effect that contributes by the sum of whole aerosol population has two opposite effects. One is that BC heating will raise the köhler curves of droplets and then retard their growth. This will cause the parcel supersaturation to raise thus results in an increase of cloud drop concentration. However, BC heating on air parcel would cause a decrease in parcel supersaturation, thus causing the cloud drop number concentration to decrease. We investigate these mechanisms by considering four heating scenarios : (1) The BC has no heating effect, just sever as an insoluble core within CCN; (2) The BC heats droplets and raises the temperature of droplets but not the air; (3) The BC heats the air only, not the droplets; (4) The BC heating exerts on both droplets and air parcel. Simulation results show that BC heating effect can positively or negatively influence the cloud drop number concentration, depending on the relative strength of the two opposite heating effects, which is determined by the mixing state of the BC in CCN as well as the total BC mass. The FFC effect causes a significant decrease in water accommodation coefficient (��) and thus retards the mass growth of droplets. Previous studies used a discrete method to describe �� and FFC coverage relationship: beyond a critical value of FFC coverage, �� is decreased abruptly to a fixed low value. By reexamining early laboratory experiment data and relevant theories, we develop a new method of calculating the ���ndependence as a continuous function of FFC coverage, and such parameterization fits very well with experimental results. The FFC has the effect of delayed growth of droplets and may results in raise of parcel supersaturation which means much more particles could be activated and thus enhances cloud drop number concentration. However, FFC effect also increases the characteristic time of growth. So some of the CCN may not be timely activated, causing a decrease in cloud drop number concentration. Thus the influence of FFC on cloud drop concentration may go either ways. The overall effect is strongly dependent on the amount of FFC, its distribution among particles, the extent to which the ���n�nwas modified, the size distribution of CCN, and the updraft velocity.
Pavolonis, Michael J. "Antarctic cloud radiative forcing at the surface estimated from the ISCCP D1 and AVHRR polar pathfinder data sets, 1985-1993." 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50148236.html.
Full textTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-123).