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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface characterizations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 19 October 2024

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1

MALGOUYRES, RÉMY, and GILLES BERTRAND. "COMPLETE LOCAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STRONG 26-SURFACES: CONTINUOUS ANALOGS FOR STRONG 26-SURFACES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 13, no. 04 (June 1999): 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001499000288.

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In Ref. 6, two similar characterizations of discrete surfaces of ℤ3 are proposed which are called strong 18-surfaces and strong 26-surfaces. The proposed characterizations consist in some natural global properties of surfaces. In this paper, we first give local necessary conditions for an object to be a strong 26-surface. An object satisfying these local properties is called a near strong 26-surface. Then we construct continuous analogs for near strong 26-surfaces and, using the continuous Jordan Theorem, we prove that the necessary local conditions previously introduced in fact give a complete local characterization of strong 26-surfaces: the class of near strong 26-surfaces coincides with the class of strong 26-surfaces.

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2

Wang, Jingyu, Min Gao, Yonglin He, and Zhilin Yang. "Ultrasensitive and ultrafast nonlinear optical characterization of surface plasmons." APL Materials 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 030701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083239.

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Amid the rapid development of nanosciences and nanotechnologies, plasmonics has emerged as an essential and fascinating discipline. Surface plasmons (SPs) lay solid physical foundations for plasmonics and have been broadly applied to ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy, optical modulation, renewable energy, communication technology, etc. Sensitive optical characterizations for SPs, including far/near-field optics, spatial-resolved spectroscopy, and time-resolved behaviors of SPs, have prompted intense interest in diverse fields. In this Research Update, the ultrasensitive optical characterization for sub-radiant SPs is first introduced. Then, distinct characterization methods of nonlinear plasmonics, including plasmon-enhanced second harmonic generation and plasmon-enhanced sum frequency generation, are demonstrated in some classical nanostructures. Transient optical characterizations of SPs are also demonstrated in some well-defined nanostructures, enabling the deep realization of time-resolved behaviors. Finally, future prospects and efforts of optical characterization for SPs are proposed.

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3

Liu, Xiao, Fan Yang, Maokun Li, and Shenheng Xu. "Generalized Boundary Conditions in Surface Electromagnetics: Fundamental Theorems and Surface Characterizations." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091891.

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Generalized boundary conditions (GBCs) for electromagnetic surfaces are investigated in this paper, which can be used to analytically characterize field discontinuities across two-dimensional surfaces. First, five representative features are described to categorize various surface problems which require proper GBC-based characterization procedures. Next, the generalized boundary conditions are discussed in details, in association with impedance boundary conditions, generalized sheet transition conditions, and surface scattering coefficients. Then an extraction method for surface susceptibilities, the characteristic parameters of surfaces in GBCs, are proposed and validated. Finally, to illustrate the applications of GBCs, two representative surface problems are demonstrated, namely, isolated-aperture surface analysis and surface-wave mode characterization. For the isolated-aperture surface, a characterization procedure is derived based on GBCs and Babinet’s principle, and the accuracy is validated through comparison with full-wave simulations. For surface wave analysis, a characterization procedure is also developed from GBCs, and the feasibility is verified by numerical examples as well.

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Önder, Mehmet, and H. Hüseyin Uğurlu. "Some Results and Characterizations for Mannheim Offsets of the Ruled Surfaces." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.v34i1.24756.

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In this study, we give the dual characterizations of Mannheim offsets of ruled surfaces in terms of their integral invariants and obtain a new characterization of the Mannheim offsets of developable surface, i.e., we show that the striction lines of developable Mannheim offset surfaces are Mannheim partner curves. Furthermore, we obtain the relationships between the area of projections of spherical images for Mannheim offsets of ruled surfaces and their integral invariants.

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5

Birman, Graciela S., and Graciela M. Desideri. "A surface that contains many Lorentzian circles." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 53, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091508000382.

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AbstractThe characterization of a surface by means of the circles contained in it has been studied by S. Izuyima, A. Takiyama, K. Ogiu, R. Takagi and N. Takeuchi, among others. The aim of this paper is to show some characterizations of a pseudosphere in Lorentz 3-space, assuming the existence of Lorentzian and Euclidean circles.

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6

Russ, John C. "Characterization of Surface Roughness." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037077.

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Because of the session at this Microscopy and Microanalysis 2000 meeting concerned with the microanalysis of irregular surfaces, it seems appropriate to briefly review the methods used for the characterization of rough surfaces. This includes both mathematical tools for the concise description of surface roughness, and instruments used to acquire the necessary data. These methods are widely used in industry to characterize and specify the roughness of surfaces prepared by various machining, grinding, polishing, chemical etching, and physical and chemical deposition techniques, and to correlate the surface roughness with performance.Historically, surface roughness has been measured by performing a linear traverse with a mechanical stylus that is sensitive to vertical displacements of nm but with a lateral resolution on the order of pm, which is quite similar to the dimensions of the region analyzed by X-ray microanalysis. Recently, more comprehensive characterizations have been obtained using a raster scan over surface areas.

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7

Bartkowiak, Tomasz, Johan Berglund, and Christopher A. Brown. "Multiscale Characterizations of Surface Anisotropies." Materials 13, no. 13 (July 7, 2020): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13133028.

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Anisotropy can influence surface function and can be an indication of processing. These influences and indications include friction, wetting, and microwear. This article studies two methods for multiscale quantification and visualization of anisotropy. One uses multiscale curvature tensor analysis and shows anisotropy in horizontal coordinates i.e., topocentric. The other uses multiple bandpass filters (also known as sliding bandpass filters) applied prior to calculating anisotropy parameters, texture aspect ratios (Str) and texture directions (Std), showing anisotropy in horizontal directions only. Topographies were studied on two milled steel surfaces, one convex with an evident large scale, cylindrical form anisotropy, the other nominally flat with smaller scale anisotropies; a µEDMed surface, an example of an isotropic surface; and an additively manufactured surface with pillar-like features. Curvature tensors contain the two principal curvatures, i.e., maximum and minimum curvatures, which are orthogonal, and their directions, at each location. Principal directions are plotted for each calculated location on each surface, at each scale considered. Histograms in horizontal coordinates show altitude and azimuth angles of principal curvatures, elucidating dominant texture directions at each scale. Str and Std do not show vertical components, i.e., altitudes, of anisotropy. Changes of anisotropy with scale categorically failed to be detected by traditional characterization methods used conventionally. These multiscale methods show clearly in several representations that anisotropy changes with scale on actual surface measurements with markedly different anisotropies.

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8

Ghassa, Sina, Hadi Abdollahi, Mahdi Gharabaghi, Saeed Chehreh Chelgani, and Mohammad Jafari. "The Surface Chemistry Characterization of Pyrite, Sphalerite and Molybdenite after Bioleaching." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.487.

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The mineral surface chemistry characterization is essential to describe the dissolution kinetics in leaching and bioleaching. Five different methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy, have been applied to study the surface chemistry changes during pyrite, sphalerite and molybdenite bioleaching. The surface characterizations have been done for samples before and after biological and chemical leaching. The SEM images illustrated that the minerals surfaces were smooth before processing, while they covered with an ash layer after biological treatment. Although EDS analysis and Raman spectrum demonstrated the potassium jarosite formation on the pyrite surface during bioleaching, the formation of jarosite layer did not occur on the sphalerite surfaces during bioleaching. On the other hand, a sulfur layer formation on the sphalerite surface was confirmed by mentioned characterization methods. Finally, according to the XRD and EDS spectrum the molybdenite surface had been covered both with sulfur and jarosite.

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9

Önder, Mehmet, and H. Hüseyin Uğurlu. "On the invariants of Mannheim offsets of timelike ruled surfaces with spacelike rulings." Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 08, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557115500096.

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In this paper, we give the characterizations for Mannheim offsets of timelike ruled surfaces with spacelike rulings in dual Lorentzian space [Formula: see text]. We obtain the relations between terms of their integral invariants and also we give new characterization for the Mannheim offsets of developable timelike ruled surface. Moreover, we find relations between the area of projections of spherical images for Mannheim offsets of timelike ruled surfaces and their integral invariants.

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10

Poirson, Allen B., Brian A. Wandell, Denise C. Varner, and David H. Brainard. "Surface characterizations of color thresholds." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 7, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.7.000783.

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11

CHAIKA, JON, and KATHRYN LINDSEY. "Horocycle flow orbits and lattice surface characterizations." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 39, no. 06 (September 28, 2017): 1441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2017.82.

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The orbit closure of any translation surface under the horocycle flow in almost any direction equals its $\text{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{R})$ orbit closure. This result gives rise to new characterizations of lattice surfaces in terms of the horocycle flow.

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12

BAŞ, Selçuk, and Talat KÖRPINAR. "Modified Roller Coaster Surface in Space." Mathematics 7, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7020195.

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In this paper, a new modified roller coaster surface according to a modified orthogonal frame is investigated in Euclidean 3-space. In this method, a new modified roller coaster surface is modeled. Both the Gaussian curvature and mean curvature of roller coaster surfaces are investigated. Subsequently, we obtain several characterizations in Euclidean 3-space.

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13

Dong, X. L., Z. D. Zhang, S. R. Jin, W. M. Sun, and Y. C. Chuang. "Surface characterizations of ultrafine Ni particles." Nanostructured Materials 10, no. 4 (May 1998): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9773(98)00101-9.

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14

Ramezani, Maziar, Zaidi Mohd Ripin, Tim Pasang, and Cho-Pei Jiang. "Surface Engineering of Metals: Techniques, Characterizations and Applications." Metals 13, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13071299.

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in surface engineering of metals, encompassing techniques, characterization methods and applications. The study emphasizes the significance of surface engineering in enhancing the performance and functionality of metallic materials in various industries. The paper discusses the different techniques employed in surface engineering, including physical techniques such as thermal spray coatings and chemical techniques such as electroplating. It also explores characterization methods used to assess the microstructural, topographical, and mechanical properties of engineered surfaces. Furthermore, the paper highlights recent advancements in the field, focusing on nanostructured coatings, surface modification for corrosion protection, biomedical applications, and energy-related surface functionalization. It discusses the improved mechanical and tribological properties of nanostructured coatings, as well as the development of corrosion-resistant coatings and bioactive surface treatments for medical implants. The applications of surface engineering in industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and healthcare are presented, showcasing the use of surface engineering techniques to enhance components, provide wear resistance, and improve corrosion protection. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions in surface engineering, highlighting the need for further research and development to address limitations and exploit emerging trends. The findings of this review contribute to advancing the understanding of surface engineering and its applications in various sectors, paving the way for future innovations and advancements.

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15

EREN, KEMAL. "ON THE HARMONIC EVOLUTE SURFACES OF TUBULAR SURFACES IN EUCLIDEAN 3-SPACE." Journal of Science and Arts 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-21.2-a12.

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The aim of this study is to investigate and interpret the geometric properties of the harmonic evolute surfaces of the tubular surfaces in Euclidean 3-space. For this purpose, the harmonic evolute surface is defined by considering the definitions and theorems for the tubular surface constructed in the Euclidean 3-space. The characterizations of the s and ψ parameter curves of the harmonic evolute surface obtained are examined, and then parameter curves of the tubular surface and harmonic evolute surface are compared. Finally, the harmonic evolute surface of a tubular surface is given an example and the graphics of these surfaces are drawn.

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16

Zhao, Zehui, Shiping Zhong, and Xinjie Wan. "Geometry of solutions of the geometric curve flows in space." Electronic Journal of Applied Mathematics 1, no. 3 (October 29, 2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.61383/ejam.20231340.

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In this study, we aim at investigating the geometry of surfaces corresponding to the geometry of solutions of the geometric curve flows in Euclidean 3-space \(\mathbb R^3\) considering the Frenet frame. In particular, we express some geometric properties and some characterizations of \(u\)-parameter curves and \(t\)-parameter curves of some trajectory surfaces including the Hasimoto surface, the shortening trajectory surface, the minimal trajectory surface, the \(\sqrt{\tau}\)-normal trajectory surface in \(\mathbb R^3\).

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17

Ersoy, Soley, Kemal Eren, and Abdussamet Çalışkan. "Characterizations of Spatial Quaternionic Partner-Ruled Surfaces." Axioms 13, no. 9 (September 9, 2024): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13090612.

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In this paper, we investigate the spatial quaternionic expressions of partner-ruled surfaces. Moreover, we formulate the striction curves and dralls of these surfaces by use of the quaternionic product. Furthermore, the pitches and angles of pitches are interpreted for the spatial quaternionic ruled surfaces that are closed. Additionally, we calculate the integral invariants of these surfaces using quaternionic formulas. Finally, the partner-ruled surfaces of a given spatial quaternionic ruled surface are demonstrated as an example, and their graphics are drawn.

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18

B. A. Ezekoye, B. A. Ezekoye, V. A. Ezekoye V. A. Ezekoye, F. I. Ezema F. I. Ezema, P. O. Offor P. O. Offor, and B. E. Aroh B. E. Aroh. "Synthesis, Structural and Surface Morphological Characterizations of Tin Dioxide Nanoparticles Via Chemical Route." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 10 (June 1, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2013/120.

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19

Sun, Ying-Sui, Yu-An Lin, and Her-Hsiung Huang. "Using Genipin to Immobilize Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Zirconia Surface for Enhancing Cell Adhesion and Mineralization in Dental Implant Applications." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112639.

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Our objective in this study was to promote cell responses through the immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on roughened zirconia (ZrO2) through using the natural cross-linker genipin in dental implant applications. Field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface characterizations, including the topography, chemistry, and functional groups, respectively, of the test specimens. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were used to detect cell responses (adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization). The surface characterizations analysis results revealed that genipin was effective in immobilizing BMP-2 on roughened zirconia surfaces. BMP-2 proved effective in promoting the adhesion and mineralization of hMSCs on roughened zirconia. The surface modification proposed has potential in zirconia dental implant applications.

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20

Altay Suroǧlu, Gülden. "Some New Characterizations Of Parallel Translation Surface According To Bishop Frame With Timelike M1 In Minkowski 3-Space." ITM Web of Conferences 22 (2018): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182201030.

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In this paper we consider parallel translation surfaces, which are generated by spacelike curves, according to Bishop frame with timelike M1 in Minkowski 3- space. Then, we obtain some characterizations of these surface.

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21

LI, GUOHUI. "SURFACE MODIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLE." Surface Review and Letters 16, no. 01 (February 2009): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x0901241x.

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Nanosized titanium dioxide particles were engrafted with butyltitanate coupling agent and methylmethacrylate monomer, and the obtained nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and sedimentation test. Ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy was used to study the differences and effectiveness of the coated and uncoated titanium dioxide, respectively. The results showed that polymethacrylate chain was engrafted on the surface of nanosized titanium dioxide and the surface grafting of polymers improved significantly absorbency of ultraviolet light of the nanoparticles.

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Wang, Baohui, Dejun Wang, Lihua Zhang, and Tiejin Li. "Surface photovoltaic characterizations of porous silicon layers." Thin Solid Films 293, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(96)08857-8.

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23

Chobriat, A., O. Raphaël, C. Hermerel, E. Busvelle, A. Choux, P. Merillot, L. Reverdy, and M. Theobald. "Developments in Shell Surface Characterizations Using Holography." Fusion Science and Technology 73, no. 2 (January 19, 2018): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2017.1374813.

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24

Brown, Christopher A., Hans N. Hansen, Xiang Jane Jiang, François Blateyron, Johan Berglund, Nicola Senin, Tomasz Bartkowiak, et al. "Multiscale analyses and characterizations of surface topographies." CIRP Annals 67, no. 2 (2018): 839–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2018.06.001.

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25

Solouma, E. M., and Ibrahim AL-Dayel. "Harmonic Evolute Surface of Tubular Surfaces via B -Darboux Frame in Euclidean 3-Space." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5269655.

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In this article, we look at a surface associated with real-valued functions. The surface is known as a harmonic surface, and its unit normal vector and mean curvature have been used to characterize it. We use the Bishop-Darboux frame ( B -Darboux frame) in Euclidean 3-space E 3 to study and explain the geometric characteristics of the harmonic evolute surfaces of tubular surfaces. The characterizations of the harmonic evolute surface’s ϱ and ς parameter curves are evaluated, and then, they are compared. Finally, an example of a tubular surface’s harmonic evolute surface is presented, along with visuals of these surfaces.

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26

Ajenifuja, Emmanuel, Abimbola P. I. Popoola, Kabir O. Oyedotun, and Olawale Popoola. "Microstructural and porosimetry analysis of Ag-TiO2intercalated kaolin and diatomite as nanocomposite ceramic materials." Clay Minerals 53, no. 4 (December 2018): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2018.50.

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ABSTRACTKaolin and diatomite are abundant and widely available geological materials that may immobilize or stabilize functional chemical species on their surfaces for various applications. Acid-treated kaolin and diatomite were intercalated with photocatalyst Ag-TiO2nanoparticles using the sol–gel technique to prepare nanocomposite ceramic materials. The nanocomposites were sintered between 900°C and 1000°C to induce thermal reactions and to enhance nanoparticle–substrate attachment. Chemical and thermal characterizations of the acid-treated materials and intercalated nanocomposites were performed with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)-specific surface area and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed for physical and microstructural characterization of the nanocomposites, respectively. Morphological studies revealed a uniform distribution of Ag-TiO2nanocrystallites in pores and on mineral particle surfaces. The BET analysis showed remarkable surface and grain modification by sintering. Decreases in the BET-specific surface area were observed for the sintered ceramic nanocomposite, Ag-TiO2-kaolin (20.244 to 5.446 m2/g) and Ag-TiO2-diatomite (19.582 to 10.148 m2/g).

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Burahta, V. A., and S. S. Sataeva. "MODIFIED SEMICONDUCTION ELECTRODES BASED ON GALLIUM ARSENIDE IN POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 11, no. 1 (2011): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2011-11-1-7-11.

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Ways of electrochemicals modification surface semiconducting electrode based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) was proposed in this work/ Behavior of unmodified and modified GaAs was investigated characterization was identified (steepness of electrode function, working interval? responses time, reproducibility). Possibility of using electrodes from GaAs for potentiometric titration of ions Cu2+ and Pb2+ was set. Modified GaAs-electrodes has improved electroanalitical characterizations in variants direct potentiometric titration was shown.

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Zhang, Jinhong, Lijun Li, Peng Xu, Yifeng Lei, Qianlin Song, Junwei Liu, Yunhe Xiong, Sixing Yang, Yurong Zhang, and Longjian Xue. "Anisotropic Wettability of Bioinspired Surface Characterized by Friction Force." Biomimetics 7, no. 3 (August 8, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7030108.

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Bioinspired surfaces with special wettabilities attract increasing attention due to their extensive applications in many fields. However, the characterizations of surface wettability by contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA) have clear drawbacks. Here, by using an array of triangular micropillars (ATM) prepared by soft lithography, the merits of measuring the friction force of a water droplet on ATM over measurements of CA and SA in characterizing the surface wettability are demonstrated. The CA and SA measurements show ignorable differences in the wettabilities of ATM in opposite directions (1.13%) and that with different periodic parameters under the elongation ranging from 0 to 70%. In contrast, the friction measurement reveals a difference of > 10% in opposite directions. Moreover, the friction force shows a strong dependence on the periodic parameters which is regulated by mechanical stretching. Increasing the elongation from 0 to 50% increases the static and kinetic friction force up to 23.0% and 22.9%, respectively. Moreover, the stick-slip pattern during kinetic friction can reveal the periodic features of the measured surface. The friction force measurement is a sensitive technique that could find applications in the characterization of surface wettabilities.

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Du, Peng, Haibao Hu, Feng Ren, and Dong Song. "Bubble characterizations on hydrophobic surface using lattice Boltzmann simulation with large density ratios." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, no. 6 (June 5, 2017): 1311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-02-2016-0062.

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Purpose The maintenance of the air–water interface is crucial for the drag reduction on hydrophobic surfaces. But the air bubbles become unstable and even washed away under high speed flow, causing the failure of surface hydrophobicity. Thereby, this paper aims to understand the relations between bubble behaviors and surface properties, flow conditions and to discover new methods to maintain the air–water interface. Design/methodology/approach Bubble properties on hydrophobic surfaces were characterized using single-component multiphase lattice Boltzmann simulation. Three equations of state (EOSs), including the Peng–Robinson, Carnahan–Starling and modified Kaplun–Meshalkin EOSs, were incorporated to achieve high density ratios. Findings Both the static and dynamic properties of bubbles on hydrophobic surfaces were investigated and analyzed under different flow conditions, solid–liquid interactions and surface topology. Originality/value By revealing the properties of bubbles on hydrophobic surfaces, the effects of flow conditions and surface properties were characterized. The maintenance method of air–water interface can be proposed according to the bubble properties in the study.

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Lechleiter, Armin, and Dinh-Liem Nguyen. "Scattering of Herglotz waves from periodic structures and mapping properties of the Bloch transform." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 145, no. 6 (October 8, 2015): 1283–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210515000335.

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When an incident Herglotz wave function scatters from a periodic Lipschitz continuous surface with a Dirichlet boundary condition, the classical (quasi-)periodic solution theory for scattering from periodic structures does not apply, since the incident field lacks periodicity. Relying on the Bloch transform, we provide a solution theory in H1 for this scattering problem. First, we prove conditions guaranteeing that incident Herglotz wave functions propagating towards the periodic structure have traces in H1/2 on the periodic surface. Second, we show that the solution to the scattering problem can be decomposed by the Bloch transform into periodic components that solve a periodic scattering problem. Third, these periodic solutions yield an equivalent characterization of the solution to the original non-periodic scattering problem, which allows, for instance, new characterizations of the Rayleigh coefficients of each of the periodic components to be shown. A corollary of our results is that under the conditions mentioned above the operator that maps densities to the restriction of their Herglotz wave function on the periodic surface is always injective; this result generally fails for bounded surfaces.

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Khang, Gilson, Hai Bang Lee, and Joon B. Park. "Biocompatibility of Polysulfone I. Surface Modifications and Characterizations." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 5, no. 4 (1995): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-1995-5405.

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32

Chen, Jem-Kun, Wei-Ting Chen, Chih-Chia Cheng, Chia-Chi Yu, and Jinn P. Chu. "Metallic glass nanotube arrays: Preparation and surface characterizations." Materials Today 21, no. 2 (March 2018): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2017.10.007.

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33

Zheng, Yong-ai, Feng Yu, and Yu-rong Liu. "Spectral characterizations of veronese surface in S 4." Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition) 5, no. 1 (March 2001): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11741-001-0022-8.

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34

Nakamae, Katsuhiko, Takashi Miyata, Norihito Ootsuki, Masakazu Okumura, and Keisake Kinomura. "Surface characterizations of copolymer films with pendant monosaccharides." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195, no. 6 (June 1994): 1953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1994.021950606.

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35

ÇALIŞKAN, Abdussamet. "Characterizations of Unit Darboux Ruled Surface with Quaternions." Journal of New Theory, no. 42 (March 31, 2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53570/jnt.1194990.

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This paper presents a quaternionic approach to generating and characterizing the ruled surface drawn by the unit Darboux vector. The study derives the Darboux frame of the surface and relates it to the Frenet frame of the base curve. Moreover, it obtains the quaternionic shape operator and its matrix representation using the normal and geodesic curvatures to provide a more detailed analysis. To illustrate the concepts discussed, the paper offers a clear example that will help readers better understand the concepts and showcases the quaternionic shape operator, Gauss curvature, mean curvature, and rotation matrix. Finally, it emphasizes the need for further research on this topic.

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Nengah Simpen, I., I. Made Sutha Negara, and Ni Made Puspawati. "The Characterization of Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst of Biohydroxyapatite-Lithium and its Application for Converting Malapari Seed Oil (Milletia pinnata L.) to Biodiesel." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (August 27, 2018): 1817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404015.

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Heterogeneous nanocatalyst of biohydroxyapatite-lithium (HA-Li) has been prepared through modification of HA extracted from bovine bone waste with Li at various calcination temperatures (400-700oC). Characterizations of the heterogeneous catalysts were including surface acidity-basicity, functional groups, BET surface area, particle size, and surface morphology. Optimization of catalyst ratios (1-7%) with the best characterization was applied for converting Malapari seed oil (Milletia pinnata L.) to biodiesel. The characterization results showed that HA-Li catalyst calcinated at 600oChad the highest surface basicity and Lewis acid sites revealing specific functional group of O-Li at wavenumber of 1612.49 cm-1. BET surface area of HA-Li catalyst decreased with increased average particle size. SEM analysis suggested that morfology of catalysts formed stack of agglomerates. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained on a catalyst ratio of 5% was 88.16%. GC-MS analysis showed 10 peaks, and 5 of the peaks exhibiting the highest percentage area were identified as methyl oleic, methyl palmitic, methyl erusic, methyl stearic, and methyl linoleic.

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Klamecki, Barney E. "The information content of surface profiles, surface profile measurements, and profile characterizations." Wear 130, no. 2 (April 1989): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(89)90184-1.

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Gaber, Samah, Adel H. Sorour, and A. A. Abdel-Salam. "Construction of Ruled Surfaces from the W-Curves and Their Characterizations in E3." Symmetry 16, no. 5 (April 23, 2024): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16050509.

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Ruled surfaces are considered one of the significant aspects of differential geometry. These surfaces are formed by the motion of a straight line called a generator, and every curve that intersects all the generators is called a directrix. In the present research paper, we explore a family of ruled surfaces constructed from circular helices (W-curve) using the Frenet frame in the Euclidean space E3. We derive the explicit formulas for the second mean curvature and second Gaussian curvature. We present some ruled surfaces, and we describe their properties. In addition, we determine the sufficient conditions for these surfaces to be minimal, flat, II-minimal, and II-flat. Also, we obtain sufficient conditions for the base curve for these ruled surfaces to be a geodesic curve, an asymptotic line, and a principal line. Furthermore, we present an application for a ruled surface whose base curve is a circular helix, we compute some quantities for this surface such as the mean curvature and Gaussian curvatures and we plot the ruled surface with its base curve, and at symmetric points and along a symmetry axis.

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Izumiya, Shyuichi, and Akihiro Takiyama. "A time-like surface in Minkowski 3-space which contains pseudocircles." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 40, no. 1 (February 1997): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001309150002349x.

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KÖRPINAR, Talat, and Ahmet SAZAK. "E3'te Adjoint Eğriler ile İlişkili Normal Yüzeyler." Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1086972.

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In this study, we work on the surfaces determined in relation to associated curves. We study normal surfaces defined with the help of adjoint curves, a special type of associated curve. For this, we first remember the basic equations of the 3-dimensional Euclidean space, which is the space we work with, and the adjoint curve issue. Then, by computing the first and second fundamental forms, principal curvatures and Gaussian and mean curvatures of the normal surface of an adjoint curve, we obtain the characterizations of this surface and related some results.

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Pandey, Ratnesh K., Ram Pratap Yadav, Tanuj Kumar, Ashish Kumar, Sachin Pathak, Shikha Awasthi, Udai B. Singh, and Avinash C. Pandey. "Fractal characterizations of MeV ion treated CaF₂ thin films." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 33, no. 3 (March 2023): 033110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135127.

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We present the morphological evolution and fractal characterizations of CaF2 thin-film surfaces modified by bombardment with 100 MeV Au+8 ions at various fluences. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with line profile and two-dimensional power spectral density (2D-PSD) analysis was utilized to investigate the evolution of surface morphology as a function of fluence. The AFM images were utilized to investigate the relationship between fractal dimension, roughness exponent, lateral correlation length, and ion fluence. The surface erosion owing to sputtering was depicted using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The structural characteristics' dependency on fluence was explored with the help of glancing angle x-ray diffraction measurements on virgin and irradiated samples. Tensile stress calculated using a peak shift in the glancing angle x-ray diffractogram showed an increase in tensile stress with fluence that caused the surface to crack after the fracture strength of the surface was crossed. 2D-PSD analysis signified the role of sputtering over surface diffusion for the observed surface modifications. Fractal dimensions first increased and then decreased with ion fluence. The lateral correlation length decreased, while the roughness exponent increased with fluence after the threshold value.

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Teska, Peter, Roderick Dayton, Xiaobao Li, Jason Lamb, and Phillip Strader. "Damage to Common Healthcare Polymer Surfaces from UV Exposure." Nano LIFE 10, no. 03 (April 14, 2020): 2050001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984420500014.

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Healthcare-associated infections are a significant concern in acute care facilities across the US. Studies have shown the importance of a hygienic patient environment in reducing the risk of such infections. This has caused an increased interest in ultraviolet (UV-C) light disinfectant technology as an adjunct technology to provide additional pathogen reduction to environmental surfaces and patient care equipment (i.e., surfaces). It is also well known that UV-C light can cause premature degradation of materials, particularly certain plastic materials. However, there is little information in the literature regarding characterizing this degradation of plastics and other materials used for surfaces in healthcare. This study aims to evaluate multiple characterization techniques and propose a systematic approach to further understand early onset degradation of plastics due to UV-C exposure. Susceptibility and modes of degradation of multiple plastic materials were compared using the techniques evaluated. Ten grades of plastic materials were exposed to UV-C light in a manner consistent with standards given in the healthcare and furniture industry to achieve disinfection. These materials were characterized for visual appearance, chemical composition, surface roughness and hardness using light microscopy, spectrophotometry, contact angle analysis, infrared spectroscopy, profilometry and nanoindentation. All characterization methods were able to identify one or more specific degradation features from UV-C exposure covering different aspects of physicochemical properties of the surfaces. However, these methods showed different sensitivity and applicability to identify the onset of surface damage. Different types of surface materials showed different susceptibility and modes to degradation upon UV-C light exposure. UV-C disinfection can cause detectable damage to various surfaces in healthcare. A characterization approach consisting of physical and chemical characterizations is proposed in quantifying surface degradation of a material from UV-C exposure to address the complexity in modes of degradation and the varied sensitivity to UV-C from different materials. Methods with high sensitivity can be used to evaluate onset of damage or early stage damage.

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Izumiya, Shyuichi, and Farid Tari. "Projections of surfaces in the hyperbolic space along horocycles." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 140, no. 2 (March 30, 2010): 399–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210509000213.

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We study orthogonal projections of embedded surfaces M in H3+ (−1) along horocycles to planes. The singularities of the projections capture the extrinsic geometry of M related to the lightcone Gauss map. We give geometric characterizations of these singularities and prove a Koenderink-type theorem that relates the hyperbolic curvature of the surface to the curvature of the profile and of the normal section of the surface. We also prove duality results concerning the bifurcation set of the family of projections.

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Oszwałdowski, Sławomir, Katarzyna Zawistowska, Laura Grigsby, and Kenneth Roberts. "Capillary electrophoretic separation and characterizations of CdSe quantum dots." Open Chemistry 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 806–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0052-9.

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AbstractWe have developed a capillary electrophoresis method to characterize the QD surface ligand interactions with various surfactant systems. The method was demonstrated with 2–5 nm CdSe nanoparticles surface-passivated with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Water solubility was accomplished by surfactant-assisted phase transfer via an oil-in-water microemulsion using either cationic, anionic, or non-ionic surfactants. Interaction between the QD surface ligand (TOPO) and the alkyl chain of the surfactant molecule produces a complex and dynamic surface coating that can be characterized through manipulation of CE separation buffer composition and capillary surface modification. Additional characterization of the QD surface ligand interactions with surfactants was accomplished by UV-VIS spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and TEM. It is anticipated that studies such as these will elucidate the dynamics of QD surface ligand modifications for use in sensors.

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Ertem Kaya, Filiz, and Süleyman Şenyurt. "Curve-Surface Pairs on Embedded Surfaces and Involute D-Scroll of the Curve-Surface Pair in E3." Symmetry 16, no. 3 (March 7, 2024): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16030323.

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Willmore defined embedded surfaces on f:S→E3, which is the embedding of S into Euclidean 3-space. He investigated the Euclidean metric of E3, inducing a Riemannian structure on f(S). The expression analogous to the left-hand member of the curvature K is replaced by the mean curvature H2 on f(S). Our aim is to observe the Gaussian and mean curvatures of curve–surface pairs using embedded surfaces in different curve–surface pairs and to define some developable operations on their curve–surface pairs. We also investigate the embedded surfaces using the Willmore method. We first recall the Darboux curve–surface and derive the new characterizations. This curve–surface pair is called the osculating Darboux curve–surface if its position vector always lies in the osculating Darboux plane spanned by a Darboux frame. Thus, we observed an osculating Darboux curve–surface pair. We also obtained the D∼-scroll of the curve–surface pair and involute D∼-scroll of the curve–surface pair with some differential geometric elements and found D∼(α,M)(s) and D∗∼(α,M)(s)-scrolls of the curve–surface pair (α,M).

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Vorontsov, Alexander V., Héctor Valdés, Panagiotis G. Smirniotis, and Yaron Paz. "Recent Advancements in the Understanding of the Surface Chemistry in TiO2 Photocatalysis." Surfaces 3, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces3010008.

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Surface chemistry plays a major role in photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical processes taking place with the participation of TiO2. The synthesis methods, surface characterizations, theoretical research methods, and hardware over the last decade generated opportunities for progress in the surface science of this photocatalyst. Very recently, attention was paid to the design of photocatalysts at the nanoscale level by adjusting the types of exposed surfaces and their ratio, the composition and the surface structure of nanoparticles, and that of individual surfaces. The current theoretical methods provide highly detailed designs that can be embodied experimentally. The present review article describes the progress in the surface science of TiO2 and TiO2-based photocatalysts obtained over the last three years. Such aspects including the properties of macro- and nano-scale surfaces, noble-metal-loaded surfaces, doping with Mg and S, intrinsic defects (oxygen vacancies), adsorption, and photoreactions are considered. The main focus of the article is on the anatase phase of TiO2.

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Mendelsohn, D. A., T. S. Gross, and Y. Zhang. "Fracture surface interference in shear—I. A model based on experimental surface characterizations." Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 43, no. 3 (March 1995): 893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(94)00324-b.

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Velázquez, Carmen, David Chávez, Carlos Acuña, Gregorio Vargas, and Mario Castelán. "Electrodeposition of Copper Coatings on Sandblasted 304 Stainless Steel Surfaces: A Characterization Study Using Computer Vision Methods." Coatings 13, no. 11 (November 3, 2023): 1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13111890.

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Electrodeposition is commonly employed to coat materials. The effectiveness and endurance of coatings depend on specific process conditions. The characterization of coatings is a costly endeavor, requiring specialized knowledge and expertise. This study presents a novel methodology for analyzing surfaces coated with copper, utilizing computer vision techniques to complement traditional surface characterizations such as the contact angle. The coating under investigation was produced through electrodeposition using a ChCl:2EG:0.1CuCl2·2H2O electrolyte. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of the vision-based method for evaluating superficial copper electrodeposition on sandblasted 304 SS. The proposed vision method holds the potential to expedite the development of new coatings and facilitate the analysis of their characteristics. This, in turn, could enhance the durability of materials and devices across a range of applications.

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Sabah Jameel Mezher, Mohammed O. Dawood, and Bahjat B. Kadhim. "Optical Observations of Sputtered Au-nanostructures and Characterizations." Journal of Techniques 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v6i1.1418.

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o develop novel optoelectronic devices, controlling and predetermined absorption is necessary. In the current work, the gold nano-islands were sputtered onto quartz surface substrates using a DC sputtering unit with an optimized chamber. The effects of the sputtering time (10, 15, and 20 seconds) on the characteristics of the golden layers deposited on quartz substrates were studied. Au nanofilms were investigated by XRD (X-ray diffraction), UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible light) diffractometer, and AFM (atomic force microscopy) techniques. The thicknesses of the three films prepared at different sputtering times (10, 15, and 20 seconds) were calculated using the theoretical deposition formula method. The average layer thickness, and hence the size of the golden crystallites, rose from 6.8 to 13.6 nm when the sputtering period was increased. The X-ray spectra revealed a very distinguish peak at (111), pointing that the gold single crystal has fully oriented along [111] and the gold film has a pure crystalline Fcc structure. When deposition times are lengthened, the color of the resulting films changes from blue to green. Nano-films have seen important changes in their surface shape and roughness. The structural layer of Au's surface is remarkably semi-spherical, giving it the appearance of spherolytic and hummock-like. Analyzing the UV-VIS spectra of the precipitated structures using Tauc's paradigm revealed the optical energy gap (non-zero Eg in the range of 2.36 to 2.38 eV) that is associated with the nanostructure's semiconducting properties. In addition, as the sputtering duration increases from 10 to 20 seconds, the wavelengths at which peak values of the surface plasmon resonance occur shift from 610 to 650 nm, and the widths of the peaks rise. The AFM images of the ultra-thin Au layers showed smooth surfaces whose roughness decreases from 1.82 to 0.673 nm with increasing sputtering time from 10 to 20 nm. Solar cells can take advantage of the higher absorption in the blue spectrum region by using a set of depositing parameters and prescribed thicknesses. In addition, the formation of nano-islands can also be used as nucleation sites (seed layer) to promote the growth of various nanostructures to obtain a good aspect ratio and improve the performance of various optoelectronic devices and gas sensors.

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Cha, Yu-Jung, Min-Jung Kim, Yong-Ho Choa, Jongryoul Kim, Baekil Nam, Joonsik Lee, Dong Ho Kim, and Ki Hyeon Kim. "Synthesis and Characterizations of Surface-Coated Superparamagentic Magnetite Nanoparticles." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 46, no. 2 (February 2010): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2009.2033205.

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