Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surf – Madagascar (île)'
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Khelifi, Lilia. "Surf et surfeurs des Suds ou dans les Suds ? Enquête multi-située à Madagascar et au Maroc sur les circulations et les espaces d’une pratique culturelle et sportive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL108.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral research is to analyse the issues raised by the emergence of surfing in Madagascar (Tananarive, Mahambo, Ambatomalama, Fort-Dauphin and Tulear) and Morocco (Rabat, Safi and Imsouane), based on a field study in several localities. The circulation of cultural models, in particular the transformation of a localised cultural physical practice into a globalised sport during the second half of the 20th century, reinforces the imaginaries and representations of the surf and the surfer both by the practitioners themselves and by non-practitioners. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the relationship with the coastline, and more precisely with the beach and the ocean, has changed through surfing in the above-mentioned localities, as this space of uncontrollable immensity exerts a repulsive and fearful effect on most Malagasy people, whether they live near the coast or not. In Morocco, however, public policies promote the development of coastal sports tourism. Various formal and informal organisational arrangements are established by surfers in order to transform their areas into a new outlet for (sport) tourism. The crossing of levels (from the body level to the global level), the issues raised in the fields of cultural geography and social geography, the implementation of a qualitative survey lasting several months in Madagascar and Morocco, as well as the lack of scientific literature on the Malagasy and the Moroccan coastal life, contribute to the originality of this research subject
Stratigos, Jean-Marie. "Une saison cyclonique à Madagascar : essai sur la relation humanitaire." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100036.
Full textEvery year, the western Indian Ocean witnesses extreme weather. Madagascar, located off Africa’s eastern coast, is regularly affected by these events. With population of more than 20 million, half of whom live along the shore, the Grande île ranks 144th (out of 177) in UNDP’s poverty index. The concomitance of these geographic, demographic and economic conditions contributes to the transformation of these climatic phenomena into what are labeled “natural” disasters. Consequently, every year international experts land in Madagascar to help the government to what is termed “the cyclone season”. Seldom aware that their presence takes place within a temporal continuum, and with no prior knowledge of the society in which they operate, these newcomers apply rules and regulations developed at the global level to standardize humanitarian operations. International aid is then evaluated on the basis of these standards, using quantitative analysis that allows for (generally positive) reporting to donors. Applying an ethnographic approach supported by anthropological categories, this study tells a different kind of story about what happened during 2007-08 cyclone season. Looking beyond the accounting logic, which tabulates the number of food rations distributed or the number of national partners trained, this research brings to the surface the complexity that runs through relations among the different protagonists, as well as the chain of transactions that guides humanitarian action. Ultimately, it casts new light on international emergency aid, raising questions both about the processes through which it is typically evaluated and the criteria used to evaluate success or failure
Bois, Dominique. "Vazaha et autochtones sur la côte est de Madagascar : médiation et métissage entre 1854 et 1885." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070147.
Full textRaheriarijaona, Nirina. "Recherche sur le système sanitaire malgache." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D009.
Full textRasolofoson, Mamy Tiana. "Interactions des variables psychologiques et environnementales sur la relation "orientation entrepreneuriale-performance" des PME : cas de Madagascar." Poitiers I.A.E, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT4004.
Full textRazafindraibe, Roland. "La dynamique séculaire de la sécurisation foncière des forêts complantées sur les hautes terres malgaches (1896-1996)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010668.
Full textTanety spaces (Hills) were affected at the 19th century by the use of a new species of trees following colonial administrative directives. The peasants were quickly initiated into this practice. Contradictions manifested themselves between perennial social form and the obligation to extract a capitalist rent and exploit resource. Surveys conducted have permitted one to determine the production in this new forestry space in an historical, social and communal context. The failure of the juridical framework imposed by colonization created at the level of peasant communities multiple responses seeking reassurance. The recognized principles of securing inherited resources merit special attention in order to pinpoint the requirements of a mixed system of forestry management
Rabarijaona, Léon Paul. "Epidémie de paludisme sur les Hautes Terres Centrales de Madagascar." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21092.
Full textOn the Central Highlands of Madagascar, malaria is unstable and due in majority to Plasmodium falciparum. The main vector responsible for transmission and malaria epidemic is Anopheles funestus. We report herein the results of our studies, that are particularly oriented on the vector control programme and the surveillance system. First we report the results of microepidemiology aproach for studying malaria infection in Saharevo. Then, we have studied the ability of a statistical method for an intervention epidemiology : Lot Quality Assurance Sampling method to rapidly classify zones according to predefined parasite prevalence thresholds. This method is an usefull tool for improving the speed and quality of confirmation enquiries. Dipstick tests are usefull for ameliorate the specificity of the system and therefore the reaction. We concluded with a proposal for new strategies for detecting and warning malaria epidemics in the Central Highlands, following Roll Back Malaria program
Franc, Alex. "Impact des transformations mésologiques sur la dynamique des populations et la grégarisation du criquet nomade dans le bassin de la Sofia (Madagascar)." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30041.
Full textThe Red locust Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serville, 1838) Orthoptera: Acrididae is found in southern Africa and in the Indian Ocean islands. Although responsible of plagues in southern Africa, only a few local outbreaks had been reported in Madagascar. Yet, in 2002, it became gregarious in the Sofia basin and threatened the two main rice-producing basins of the country. The overall scope of this thesis is to explain this new gregarisation in Madagascar. Factors controlling the locust population dynamic were determined by a four year field monitoring (2003 to 2007). The ecological requirements of this locust were assessed at the different periods of its life cycle. The locust potential of habitats, at the natural regions and macro regions scale are quantified and mapped. Hypotheses can be drawn from the connection between the Red locust ecological requirements and the environmental modification in the Sofia basin. Satellite images reveal an extensive deforestation thus providing new favourable breeding habitats. It also opened migration pathways between complementary ecological areas. The conjunction of both phenomena renders the Red locust gregarization possible. A Red locust forecasting system is outlined in the scope of a preventive control strategy
Rasoamiaramanana, Armand Hubert. "Essai sur le genre Pseudoschloenbachia (Ammonitina-Santonien-Campanien inférieur) à Madagascar : variabilité, systématique, évolution." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS068.
Full textRabehevitra. "La vie rurale sur la bordure est et nord du lac Alaotra : contribution à l'étude géographique des conditions paysannes." Montpellier 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON30004.
Full textThis research does not wholly consider this obvious local lack of balance, but pays particular problems of physical, human and socio-economic conditions of country people life in this eastern interesting as all that, and it is most certainly out of rice-producing chance, but in return, it
Rakoto-Ramiarantsoa, Hervé. "La dynamique des paysages sur les hautes terres centrales malgaches et leur bordure orientale." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100070.
Full textThree research-fields have been chosen in Imerina, according to climatic nuances and to the occupancy seniority, this latter bearing different social situations. A comparative analysis regards the landscapes as marks of the peasant societies' action and seeks for its differentiation elements. The thesis includes three parts. The first one describes the environment under two angles : a scientific, objective analysis presents the land surveying, within the tropical middle mountain and specifies the east-west climatic and biogeographic variations; a subjective analysis based on peasants' perception shows a significant sensitivity of the merina to mineral element and to water and the important place of the vegetation in spite of its degradation. The second part considers the geographic space through three themes as follows: - its occupation which establishes the role of history in the genesis of the regions;- its development by techniques known by all but which are mobilized differently according to the priorities. Thus, the example of the protection of the slopes against erosion shows that the landscapes' dynamics is first of all a social dynamics; - some of the landscapes characteristics, mainly their "merinite" and their paradoxes. The evolution of these two aspects marks the dynamic state of these spaces. The last part insists on the mutations of these rural districts as a result of a strong demographic growth without an equivalent emigration. The societies' ability to find solutions to satisfy their needs is analysed as well as the factors which stress local peculiarities ; considerations about the actions to be undertaken in the interest of the rural peopleemphasize the necessity of a territorial adminisration. .
Pichon, Claire. "Contraintes écologiques et sociales sur l'acquisition alimentaire du propithèque couronné (Propithecus coronatus) dans une forêt sèche semi-caducifoliée du nord-ouest de Madagascar." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0037.
Full textThe role of trophic constraints in the evolution of societies and life history traits is a central question in primatology. Yet, the lack of quantified data on energy flows in the wild does not allow satisfactorily investigating the hypothesis of specific energy strategies in malagasy primates. Over 10 months, I characterized the food availability on trees, undergrowth and climbers, and I collected behavioral data on 3 of the 16 groups of sifakas inventoried in a dry forest of the Antrema station. Fluctuations in food intake and energy expenditure suggest that sifakas are particularly dependent on the wet season for the constitution of energy reserves and/or the restoration of a sufficient physical condition to reproduce in the next breeding season. The weak feeding competition associated with small group sizes and the complementarity of phenological plant production undoubtedly allow sifakas to maintain a high density of individuals, despite of forest fragmentation
Maharavo, Jean. "Etude de l'oursin comestible Tripneustes gratilla (L. 1758) dans la région de Nosy-Be (côte nord-ouest de Madagascar) : densité, morphométrie, nutrition, croissance, processus reproducteurs, impact de l'exploitation sur les populations." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30025.
Full textRatrimoarivony, Mialy Nirina. "La Lémurie, Terre des Esprits : les enjeux spatio-culturels d'une réappropriation de l'identité autochtone à Madagascar : étude sur des sites sacrés naturels de Kalanoro, Zazavavindrano et Vazimba." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30065.
Full textThe spirit of Lemuria is based on the respect of life under all its expressions : spirit, human, nature. In Madagascar, those values are best embodied by the natural sacred sites, territories of the Manankasina, spirits of the nature. The forest and caves of the Kalanoro, streams, lakes and springs of the Zazavavindrano, aquatic and ground spaces of the Vazimba, are then protected and governed by taboos and rituals. But this “land of the spirits” is also a “land of the ancestors”. The Manankasina, maintain relations with their descendants, the Malagasy people, and organize indigenous communities between tompon-drano, managers of the water, and tompon-tany, managers of the land. This study tries to redefine the spatial and cultural bases of the Malagasy Mother-Land, and analyses their evolution, facing centralist and profaner colonial migrations. It specifies the functioning of the indigenous territory, by using a methodology of approach based on oral tradition (myths, tales, proverbs) and the study of the rites and the spiritual structures, connected with the natural space. It is a comparative work which evokes ancient submerged continents as Lemuria, and arouses reflections about the preservation of a cultural foundation of Gondwana
Rabe, Tiana Aina. "Étude de facteurs bio-écologiques modulant la prémunition contre le paludisme sur les hautes terres de Madagascar." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003948610204611&vid=upec.
Full textWe studied the bioecological factors involved in the modulation of premunition to Malaria for a better understanding of malaria ecology in the highland of Madagascar and for improving the local means of epidemics monitoring and survey. This study allowed us to confirm the heterogeneity of transmission, 10 put forward the importance of microecology and to evaluate the impact of control measures on transmission and immunity. Tools and methods for monitoring, adapted to the epidemiological, economical and biological contexts, were proposed. We made obvious the presence of a genetic disorder that confers a protection against severe malaria. Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis is probably a vestige of the island settlement for which one malaria could have played the role of preservation factor. This underlines again that ail parameters linked to the different actors in the malaria dynamic were most prominent
Rakotomanana, Faly Héry. "Secteur informel urbain, marché du travail et pauvreté : essais d'analyse sur le cas de Madagascar." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40052/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis is to provide, through various articles and empirical analysis, someresponses about the role of the informal sector in labor market and poverty in Madagascar, with afocus on the case of Antananarivo. The thesis is organized in four chapters. The first one presentsmethodologies for investigating the informal sector in Antananarivo : the 1-2-3 survey in two stepson the informal production units and household consumption, and the development of economicaggregates deflators in the informal sector. The second chapter of this thesis presents thecharacteristics of the informal sector in Antananarivo. The third chapter is devoted to relationshipsbetween the informal and the labor market. The fourth and final chapter is dedicated to the analysisof the role of the informal sector on poverty. The thesis examines the social or economic interestsjustify the informal sector support in the fight against poverty: the contribution of informal sectoractivities on the incidence of poverty and the impact of exercise of informal activity on the individualhappiness. This leads to focus the analysis on its characteristics, dynamics, weaknesses, barriersto its development and aid desired by the operators, in particular the need for microcredit.Complementary analyses are also provided concerning the choice of self-employment anddiscrimination on the labor market along a formal/informal line
Mihamitsy, Cyrille. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effet de la grande réforme sur le niveau des connaissances scolaires des élèves dans les établissements de l'enseignement général et public de Madagascar." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR21009.
Full textAt the time of the birth of the present second republic in nineteen seventy five, a number of reforms have been done within the malagasy society (because of the new political line). These reforms were meant to be radical in many ways. For instance, the one that has been operated within the educational system resulted in the change from elite education into mass education. It also contributed to the use of malagasy as a teaching language and as an integral part of the curriculum. However, ten years later, the standar of education had been considered as being on decline by a lot of people. Why ? And how ? Did these people have a reliable methodology of evaluation ? Any way, this work is supposed to unveil the doubt about this hypothetical decline of standard. Indeed, one has to bear in mind the fact that it was not a decline of education in general but only a decline in scholastic instruction being accumulated since the implementation of the reform
Taillade, Jean-Jacques. "Les dynamiques dans la gestion de l'espace et des ressources naturelles sur les interfluves de l'Ouest malgache : Cas des éleveurs Sakalava du Menabé." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30064.
Full textThe problems linked to the preservation of the natural vegetation in the west of madagascar can be seen in many different ways. Forms of made-man degradation, most visible in some sectors, tend to demonstrate that the environment/society interface corresponds to man's aggressive action and leads to the progressive disappearance of sylvan areas. However, the dry forest, despite several centuries of human occupation, still occupies vast surfaces. Arboroginal societies, sakalava and pre-sakalava, are known to have made great use of the forest. The value of this environment was undoubtedly acknowledged by these populations who had enforced rules enabling them to define limits to lumbering. Several external factors (colonisation, migrations, appearance of free market) have contribued to the evolution of human behaviours towards more aggressiveness and less respect for the natural vegetation. Although this trend is general, there is also a resistance from big sakalava graziers, anxious to avoid redistribution of prosperity, who regards themselves as the supporters of a traditiona and "ecological" management of the forest, and develop new strategies to use space in order to appropriate the main forest-clad mountains in the area
Rakotosamimanana, Niaina. "Diversité des souches cliniques de Mycobacterium tuberculosis à Madagascar : impacts sur l'infection tuberculeuse." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066512.
Full textRazanatsoavina, Christian. "Regards sur le pouvoir à Madagascar dans le contexte de la décentralisation : Etude réalisée dans la région de la Sofia." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0019.
Full textNoël, Julien. "Regard géographique sur la mondialisation halieutique : l'altermondialisation et les formes de résistance des "pêches artisanales"." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3047.
Full textUsing a geographical approach, this thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of scales and spatialities that are present in the dissenting and singular phenomenon of alter-globalization in fisheries. More precisely, I aim to demonstrate how this social movement, that supports small-scale fisheries, also involves social and spatial re-appropriations of a non-egalitarian globalization. To understand these interactions, I compare two militant fishing practices and areas: artisanal fishing in France and small-scale fisheries in Madagascar. First, I analyse the passage between globalization and globalization in fishing and aquaculture. I consider the major geo-historical stages animating the development of an aquatic world-system in order to reflect on its contemporary structuring and its present spatial malfunctions. Then, these analyses bring us to consider the multiple spatial dimensions articulated in the movement of alter-globalization in fisheries while interrogating the characteristics of this dissenting movement in terms of organisation of the system of actors, strategies and dynamics. Finally, I compare the politics of sustainability performed in the French and the Malagasy cases, throughout the different activities in the fishing industry. Stating on the interconnections between global scales and local scales (territorializing), I conclude on the need for a trans-scalar and cosmopolitan approach to allow the regulation of fisheries globalization
Desjeux, Dominique. "Entre l'effet de structure et l'effet d'acteur : essai sur des dynamiques sociales en France, en Afrique noire et à Madagascar." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H028.
Full textIn human sciences, the middle of the 1980s, is significant as a period of reorganization of the major models for human behavior explanation. By the end of the sixties, the role of actor is receding. On the other end, since begining of the eighties, humor, desorder, and individual have been surging, as new values and as a new approach to sociology. D. Desjeux's studies on the French "corps des mines" and "ministere de l'industrie"; on Madagascar, and Congo, and on individual decision-making today stem from this evolution. Hence its tittle "between determinism and free action effects". The author relies both on structural and strategic analyses to study African peasant societes as well as French bureaucratic decision makers
Randriantseheno, Tsilavina maholiarisoa. "Le rôle de l'électricité sur le bien-être de la population rurale. Cas de Madagascar." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV078.
Full textIn Madagascar, rural electrification policy is focused on the partnership between public and private actors. Decentralized system is mainly the model used to serve rural electricity needs. However, this sector hasn’t shown its full success. The rate of access to electricity remains very low in Malagasy rural area. Most research on the effectiveness of electrification projects concerns the technical and financial performances of production systems. Studies related to socio-economic impact are very few. The thesis aims to provide a better understanding on the mechanisms by which rural electrification influences human well-being, through an impact assessment. Evaluation is based on Sen’s capabilities framework. The empirical applications of this framework should provide more rigorous methodological approach. Therefore, a combination of different approaches, qualitative, quantitative and temporal dynamics is proposed. The thesis highlights the interest to place rural electrification on a life trajectory other than a one-time event. Results reveal that, the rise of capabilities is a condition for access to electricity. This energy enhances households’ capabilities by inserting in a predetermined trajectory. Findings demonstrate, to a lesser extent, that rural electrification allows poor households to initiate an upward trajectory
Raharimalala, Anatolie. "Les tapatono : joutes poétiques et devinettes masikoro : essai sur un genre oral malgache." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100165.
Full textPresentation of the masikoro literary genus and study of the tapatono, literary genus occurring with two forms: classical riddle and poetical tilt. A formal and thematic study
Rafidimalala, Isabelle Odette. "Logiques migratoires sur les hautes terres centrales de Madagascar : le cas des Zanakantitra de Ramainandro, depuis le début du XIXème siècle." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0025.
Full textThe degree of mobility within the Merina region is showed by the first agrarian reform leaded by the King Andrianampoinimerina in order to ensure the limits of the kingdom and organize its expansion in the 18th century. Territories, called lohombitany are at that time allotted to some groups by way of reward for the loyalty and service towards the sovereign. The Ramainandro, part of the Merina tribe are an excellent topic for a study about the contribution of migration. Their grouping in the west of the Ankaratra massif, due to the acquisition of a lohombitany under Radama I, conferred them a distinct status, confirmed by the emergence of the Christian intelligentsia and monks. Two main reasons can explain the exceptional rise of this tribe: on one hand, the catalyst role of the Christian missionary who chose Ramainandro as one of its favorite field; on the second hand, the French recognition resulting from the support given by a fraction of the group which helped to weaken the anti-French insurrection of the Menalamba, on the beginning of colonization. Currently, they continue to migrate without breaking with the territory assigned to them, retaining their identity in a remarkable way. The attachment to ancestral shrine and ancestral lands is an irrefutable proof of territorial belonging and group identity. In addition, the group carried out a detailed genealogy in order to justify their right to the lohombitany in question. Moreover, powerful networks of associations are founded to claim the status of Ramainandro. The genealogical study, biographical and life stories help to discover the portrait of Ramainandro tribe as formerly belonging to the groups of Ambodirano and Imerina
Pacaud, Pierre-Loïc. "Le Famadihana : rite, sacre et pouvoir dans un culte d'exhumation des morts familiaux, sur les hauts plateaux de Madagascar : interprétation et (re)construction psychanalytiques." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070030.
Full textThis psycho-analytic study define the familial worship of famadihana, as a ritual, and lean on the two topographical conceptions of freud, connected with the cultural, social and ritual context, from important notions among merina conceptions : 1) the tombs organisations seems as the principle of exchange beetween the living and the dead; 2) hasindrazana as agalma from ancestral principle constitue the foundation of symbolic exchange; 3) tsiny or consciousness anxiety as communities authority to organize the worship. My construction begin with a tabula rasa of the previous interpretations of ritual, then build from ambivalence and psychical conflict released from ethnography and latents contents and sens of ritual, and since their divergent fate. From animist and projective actualization of ambivalential conflict, and at the divergent fates communicate respectively some typical censorships : repression and disavowal. The discovery of + historical truth ; of rite make progress by an analysis of context contents and their relationship into wich one the worship repete the myth (missing like such as). Hasindrazana is analysed from the ancient rite of fandroana and correspond to the native core of power, his appropriation process remind the myth, and the rites represent the process in situ, like a substitute of carrying cut of wish. The initial wish of ancestor to realize the rite, is a matter for animist omnipotent power : power of constrained on the living; the call of ancestors is the anxiety cry of the community; kabary is released as a representation of collective murder and apropriation of omnipotent power, in the same time that the brothers communitie give up to it, by guilt. The ritual action represente the hatred satisfayed and victory of love in analogy with mania/melancholy fluctuations, but in accordance with psychical process similar to obsessional neurosis. A connection is made beetween successive ritual actions who repete the supplanting murderess of omnipotent and the attempt of reconciliation with the omnipotent deposed and consacrated
Ranaivosoa, Rabemananjara Antsa. "Communauté en ligne de co-création d'expérience touristique : le cas de l'Office Régional du Tourisme d'Analamanga (Madagascar)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916839.
Full textRaharinirina, Baomiavotse Vahinala. "Valorisation économique de la biodiversité par les contrats de bioprospection et la filière huiles essentielles : le cas de Madagascar." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS031S.
Full textTo resolve the problem of biodiversity decline, a branch of environmental economics, called "economics of biodiversity", recommends resorting to market mechanisms. During the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, June 1992, particularly through out the negotiations of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), idealization of trade and market for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity had a great influence on the decisions and choices of policy makers. Therefore, many developing countries decided to establish their development policies by combining trade and market, economic efficiency and biodiversity conservation. After signing and ratifying the CBD, Madagascar, a biodiversity hot spot and paradoxically one of the poorest countries in the world, gave top priority to merchandising its biodiversity. This thesis aims to analyze the impact of these markets for local and impacts on biodiversity conservation populations. Based on the study of two market mechanisms, namely bioprospecting contracts and essential oils industry, this work shows that taking into account sustainability objectives targeted, mainstream redistribution to better meet the expectations of different stakeholders , especially those of local actors, and to take into account the diversity of issues. The first part focuses on the institutional analysis of bioprospecting and essential oils industry. The second part analyzes the economic benefits and impacts of these activities on biodiversity conservation, and proposes the use of an approach based on scenarios to address the issue of redistribution
Razakamahefa, Odile Édith. "Les femmes arbitres de volley-ball à Tananarive : place et enjeux de la formation féminine dans le milieu sportif à Madagascar." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0016/document.
Full textThis research in the field of sociology of gender aims at understanding the rarity of female referees in the Malagasy Federation of Volleyball (MFVB). The issue concerns the link between the professional practice of arbitration and the norms of sexual identities in the Malagasy society. Due to the lack of existing work on gender and sport in Madagascar, our approach proceeds from an exploratory investigation. The institutional and statistical approach reveals the existence of a double glass ceiling, blocking women's arbitration training, and then, their career promotion. Interviews were conducted, in a qualitative approach, with female referees (8), leaders or managers (17 with 14 men), and a questionnaire was filled in by female volleyball players from Antananarivo (222). All answers point towards the facts but the interpretations vary: the female referees denounce discriminatory processes and the male domination they are facing, leaders legitimize their management practice, relying on the patriarchal norms and values of the Malagasy society, while other male managers do not abide by these positions and other federations promote female arbitration on an international scale. The female volleyball players' responses prove that they are available for the sport and generally express an egalitarian conception of arbitration, a quarter of the women even said they would like to become referee. Although the end of discrimination in the arbitral management of the MFVB seems to depend on internal power relations, the survey shows the emergence of gender mobility in the Malagasy sport community, women referees have actually conquered new public and democratic prerogatives
Rivière, Françoise. "Effet des dépenses publiques d'infrastructures et d'éducation sur la croissance : approches macro-économique et micro-économique : cas de l'île de la Réunion, de l'île Maurice et de Madagascar." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010007.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the effect of public expenditures on infrastructures and education on economic growth of Reunion, Mauritius and Madagascar. The first part draw a synthesis of recent litterature dealing with endogenous growth and empirical investigations evaluating the productive impact of infrastructures and human capital. The second part consists of a macroeconometric analysis of the effect of public capital and human capital stocks on economic growth. This analysis lays on a description of the recent economic evolutions of the three economies, the construction of a database for each island over 1965-1994 and the use of various econometric methods (chronological series, econometrics of panel, simultaneous equations system). The econometric results clearly show a positive impact of human and public capital on Reunion and Mauritius growth. In contrast, the productive contribution of education is not significative as far as Madagascar is concerned. The third part is based on the analysis of microeconomic data from a survey concerning a sample of industrial firms in the three islands. An econometric study evaluate the impact of different level of education and different development obstacles on the firms productivity. The results are similar to those provided by the macroeconomic approach and reflect the different level of development of the three educative systems. The conclusions of the microeconomic analysis tend to precise the role of human capital and infrastructure dodation on economic development : others factors tend to hamper the development of exports (credit restraints, lack of external markets for Reunion; lack of qualified people for Mauritius; instable political and economical climate for Madagascar)
Fidahoussen, Hassanaly Chaïna. "Entre postures, textes et contexte, pour une réflexion exhaustive sur la littérature orale malgache : pratiques discursives sur le concept d'oralité depuis platon, examen terminologique, génétique et taxinomique de la littérature orale malgache, étude du champ littéraire orale à Madagascare." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131036.
Full textThis study on the oral literature of Madagascar is an original contribution that intends to fulfill a theoretical gap, at least partially, on various aspects hardly brought up or never examined by the specialists on Madagascar or other scholars. In a double movement between theoretical reminders and examination of the case of Madagascar, we cover an extremely large area in order to resolve some universal and Malagasy issues. We follow a chronological main line of going back in time to the pre-Socratic and Platonist eras that were the first to rationalize art and literature. We will embrace a geographical zone incorporating Madagascar and the western civilization, in particular the French part, to find an answer to the following points: the issues of terminology of oral literature non-resolved to-date, the question of transfer of Malagasy language and oral culture to scripturality since the first arrival of British missionaries and French colonizers in the 19th century, the problem of classification of Malagasy verbal art by the French including an analysis of the concepts of gender and oral gender. We achieve our research by a unique development of the notion of a potential “Malagasy oral literature domain” that seems to be positioned between orality and scripturality, tradition and modernity and local vernacular and vehicular languages sharing their space with the concept of the francophonie
Razafindramanana, Olivasoa Miaranirainy. "Variabilité du taux de change, flux commerciaux et croissance économique : le cas de Madagascar." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU2005/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we tried to know the relationship between the variability of exchange rates, trade flows and economic growth in Madagascar. In other words, we have studied the effects of volatility and misalignment of the exchange rate on exports, imports, and economic growth. To conduct this study, we used annual data from the 1971-2012 period for global exports and imports, and the 1990-2011 period for exports and imports by sector. We measured the volatility using two methods, and we got the volatility by moving standard deviation and volatility calculated by the GARCH. The method of cointegration was used to study the variables. With NATREX model, the misalignment was calculated as the difference between REER at time t and REER equilibrium. On the last part of this work and to resolve our problem, we use the method SUR (Seemingly Unrelated Regression). This method allowed us to estimate our model with two equations for export volumes and import volumes.Finally, the results show that for the case of Madagascar, considering exports, misalignment has a significant positive impact on overall export whatever the definition of volatility, indeed over-evaluation increases export. Then, volatility has a significant positive impact on overall export only with the inclusion of VOLGARCHTCEN. Moreover considering imports, misalignment has a significant positive impact on the overall import with the inclusion of VOLMASDTCER, and VOLMASDTCEN, over-evaluation increases import. The volatility has a significant positive impact on the import in the case of : VOLMASDTCEN, VOLGARCHTCER, VOLGARCHTCEN. With the global export or import, misalignment has no significant impact on the growth rate, however volatility has a significant negative impact on growth rates considering VOLMASDTCER, and VOLMASDTCEN
Ranjaranimaro, Manitra Pierrot. "Évaluation de la qualité environnementale, du fonctionnement énergétique des espaces batis à Madagascar : application des outils de simulation sur un site universitaire d’Antsiranana." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0011/document.
Full textThe building sector accounts for more than 50% of global energy consumption. This consumption has been increasing steadily over the last thirty years. The environmental impact of energy consumption in this sector is constantly changing despite the recommendations made during the COPs. These findings are valid for metropolitan France and also for Madagascar. Beyond the control of energy consumption, during the operating phase of a built space, we must also take into account the environmental impacts of the construction phase, particularly with regard to climate change indicators, resource management and pollution. This thesis is based on three concepts. First, it is about the analysis of material flows around their technical characteristics and their environmental and economic impacts during the construction of the built space. In a second step, our analysis focuses on the analysis of energy flows in order to know the energy and environmental signature of the functioning of the built space and the implementation of a time file reflecting the characteristics of energy consumption (Daily and annual consumption profile). Finally, we also discuss the problem of managing the distribution of electrical energy in a built-up area in order to size an renewable energy production system and a storage system and to smooth the consumption curve at the level of the distribution network
Rakotoarisoa, Mahefa. "Les risques hydrologiques dans les bassins versants sous contrôle anthropique : modélisation de l'aléa, de la vulnérabilité et des conséquences sur les sociétés. : Cas de la région Sud-ouest de Madagascar." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0067/document.
Full textHydrological risks are recurrent on the Fiherenana watershed - Madagascar. The city of Toliara, which is located at the outlet of the river basin, is subject each year to hurricane hazards and floods. The stakes are of major importance in this part of the island. This study begins with the analysis of hazard by collecting all existing hydro-climatic data on the catchment. It then seeks to determine trends, despite the significant lack of data, using statistical models (time series). Then, two approaches are used to assess the vulnerability of the city of Toliara and its surrounding villages. First, a static approach, from surveys of land and the use of GIS are conducted. Then, the second method is based on a multi-agent model. The first step is the mapping of a microscale vulnerability index which is an arrangement of several static criteria. For each House, there are several criteria of vulnerability such as potential water depth or architectural typology. As for the second part, scenes of agents are simulated in order to evaluate the degree of housing vulnerability to flooding. The model aims to estimate the chances of the occupants to escape from a catastrophic flood. For this purpose, we compare various settings and scenarios, some of which are conducted to take into account the effect of various decisions made by the responsible entities (awareness campaign etc.). The simulation consists of two essential parts: the simulation of the rise of water and the simulation of the behaviour of the people facing the occurence of hazard. Indicators and simulations allow to better understand the risks in order to help crisis management. Key Words: Hy