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1
Altalib, Ibaa. "L’Union européenne une entité supranationale fonctionnelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3018/document.
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La qualification de l’Union Européenne d’entité juridique supranationale fonctionnelle, nécessite l’application d’une méthodologie fondée sur deux idées principales: la première idée est celle de la supranationalité européenne; caractéristique qui met l’intégration européenne actuelle dans une phase supérieure des formes de la coopération internationale sans pour autant aboutir à l’intégration totale et la fusion complète, telle que cette forme est représentait par l’Etat fédéral, ceci nous oblige à comparer cette entité aux principales personnes internationales tels que l’Etat fédéral et les organisations internationales. La deuxième idée de notre recherche est la notion de la fonctionnalité et son application dans le cadre de la l’Union Européenne , cette idée sera rapprochée selon les théories de l’intégration européenne, tout en privilégiant la théorie néo fonctionnelle qui selon nous est la plus pertinente dans l’explication du processus d’intégration européen, après nous traitons les aspects d’application de cette idée dans le cadre de l’Union et ses différentes formes dans les fonctions et attributions qui lui sont reconnues. Ainsi que les principes et les notions qui régissent les fonctions de l’Union qui ont donné une spécificité et une originalité à cette entité<br>This study analyses the qualification of the European Union as a supranational and functional entity. In order to prove the validity of this hypothesis, I applied a methodology founded on two principal ideas: the first idea is that of the European supranationality which characteristically puts current European integration in a position that is superior to other forms of international cooperation without actually achieving total integration and complete fusion, such as this form is represented by the federal State. This requires us to compare this entity to primary international players such as the federal State and international organizations. The second idea of our research is the notion of functionality and its application in the framework of the European Union. This idea will be approached according to theories of European integration, privileging the neo-functional theory, which is, in our opinion, the most relevant in explaining the process of European integration. Afterwards, we consider the factors to applying this idea to the Union framework and its different forms within the functions and allocations that are recognized by it. We also look at the principles and concepts that preside over the Union’s functions, giving it a specificity and originality
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Chapuis, Cédric. "Die Übertragung von Hoheitsrechten auf supranationale Organisationen /." Basel [u.a.] : Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/272453676.pdf.
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Abasheikh, Omar Said Imam. "International commercial arbitration : a single supranational system." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17102.
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This dissertation examines International Commercial Arbitration as it appears to have reached a turning point. Through the lens of institutional entrepreneurship opportunity and institutional change theory, the dissertation seeks to determine whether transforming arbitration from an unregulated process to a regulated system would enhance the practice. This question is vital at the present time as arbitration is blemished by increasing cost and time of arbitration proceedings, intervention by national courts in the arbitral process, diminishing party autonomy, and loss of privacy and confidentiality of the proceedings as shown by data from surveys conducted in the last decade or so, and also due to the potential threat posed by the growth of mediation and also litigation in specialist commercial courts. Commentary frequently highlights these issues, but many commentators seldom propose solutions because practitioners benefit from the institution's current chaotic arrangements where they could increase their fees and extend the proceedings for their financial gain. The dissertation shows that international commercial arbitration is a semi-institutionalised institution and would probably benefit from introduction of the regulative institutional pillar to make it fully institutionalised. An appeal procedure, a mechanism to make the process cost-effective, expeditious, and to reduce intervention by national courts in arbitration proceedings so that arbitrants can maintain privacy and confidentiality of their disputes appears desirable. It recommends establishment of a single supranational regulatory organisation called the 'International Centre for Arbitration of Commercial Disputes' (ICACD) to function as a bureaucratic structure in order to respond to the changing needs of the community and to enhance the institution's status and its functionality, such as to establish the 'International Arbitration Awards Review Council' (IAARC).
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Steiner, Stefanie. "Societas Privata Europaea Perspektiven einer neuen supranationalen Rechtsform." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995862249/04.
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Neshkova, Milena Ivanova. "The influence of subnational interests in supranational regulation." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3331261.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 23, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4497. Adviser: Evan J. Ringquist.
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Brice-Delajoux, Claire. "Le conseil d'État et les sources supranationales du droit." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010302.
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Si le droit international constitue, aux termes de la constitution et depuis 1946, une source du droit interne bénéficiant en partie d'une autorité supra-législative, le conseil d'état a traditionnellement témoigné d'une grande prudence pour en tirer les conséquences de droit dans le cadre de son contrôle juridictionnel. Compte tenu de l'immuabilité du statut juridique de cette source en droit interne, on s'est interrogé sur les raisons pour lesquelles le conseil d'état s'est, à partir de la fin des années 1980, engagé dans une véritable révolution jurisprudentielle en vue d'assurer un haut degré d'intégration de la majorité des composantes des sources supranationales en droit interne. La confrontation des fondements juridiques de solutions initialement posées en la matière et de celles qui prévalent aujourd'hui - et qui se substituent parfois aux premiers - ont permis d'apprécier la portée de ce phénomène et de comprendre que celui-ci procède essentiellement de considérations extra-juridiques liées a la situation institutionnelle particulière du conseil d'état au niveau<br>Notwithstanding that since 1946 international law is, according to the constitution, a source of domestic law prevailing to some extent over statues, the concil of state has shown some reluctance to implement this principle. Given the immutability of the legal status of this source of law within the domestic law the question arose concerning the reasons why, since the end of the years 80, the concil of state started to reverse its case law in order to incorporate the greater part of international sources in the domestic law. The confrontation between the legal grounds of the former solutions and of the present ones - which replace often the previous solutions - allows to appreciate the range of this revolution and to anderstand it ; concerning this last point, it appears that it is essentially based upon extra legal considerations due to the peculiar institutional situation of the concil of state at the national level and to its relationship with european courts
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Cournil, Christel. "Le statut interne de l'étranger et les normes supranationales." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10041.
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Le droit des étrangers est en plein essor sous l'influence des normes supranationales (traités, conventions, droit de la CEDH, etc. ) et notamment du droit communautaire (directives et règlements communautaires). Cette étude porte sur l'influence de ces normes qui participent directement ou indirectement à la mutation du statut interne de l'étranger. On assiste à l'émergence d'un régime migratoire supranational. La Convention de Genève, les accords bilatéraux mais surtout la politique communautaire de l'asile et d'immigration font émerger un véritable statut supranational pour l'étranger. Cette recherche permet notamment de mesurer le degré de communautarisation du statut interne de l'étranger ordinaire mais aussi celui du demandeur d'asile. L'entrée, le séjour et la sortie de l'étranger et du demandeur d'asile sont régis par ces nouvelles normes. Parallèlement à ce phénomène de communautarisation, le droit interne connaît une montée en puissance des droits internationaux des droits de l'Homme. De ces différentes normes et jurisprudences internationales, se dégage un ensemble de droits et libertés protecteurs pour l'étranger. Ces garanties supranationales viennent donc compléter le statut interne de l'étranger. Ces différentes garanties n'ont pas le même effet sur le statut de l'étranger. Si certaines assurent une fonction de " correction " dans le statut interne, c'est à dire qu'elles améliorent le statut interne en accentuant une protection déjà existante dans le statut de l'étranger, d'autres, au contraire, ont une fonction " innovante " puisqu'elles apportent des garanties jusqu'ici inédites dans le statut interne de l'étranger<br>The rights of foreigners are booming under the influence of supranational norms (treaties, conventions, human rights law within the European community. . . ) and more particulary European directive and community Law. This study has for subject the direct or indirect influence of these norms on the changes in the internal statutes of foreigners. We are witnessing the emergence of a supranational migratory regim regarding foreign migrations. The Geneva Convention, the bilateral agreements but especially the Europeen Community policy regarding the rights of asylum and immigration have brought about a truly supranational status for foreigners. This study essentially allows us to measure the extent of European community law's influence on the internal status of the ordinary foreigner but also that of those asking for asylum. The entry, the stay, and the departure of foreigners and of those asking for asylum are ruled by these new norms. Parallel to this phenomenon of "communitarisation", internal or national law is experiencing a sharp rise in the influence of international rights concerning Human Rights. From all these different norms and international jurisprudence are emerging a set of protective rights and liberties for foreigners. These additional supranational guarantees thus complete the national statutes for foreigners. Whereas some of them are used to "correct" the national statutes, in other words improve them by reinforcing an already existing protection for foreigners, others, on the contrary, have an innovative function as they give guarantees yet unknown in national foreign statutes
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Cournil, Christel. "Le statut interne de l'étranger et les normes supranationales /." Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40070787r.
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Wonka, Arndt. "Die Europäische Kommission supranationale Bürokratie oder Agent der Mitgliedstaaten?" Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987934791/04.
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Wonka, Arndt. "Die Europäische Kommission : supranationale Bürokratie oder Agent der Mitgliedstaaten? /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987934791/04.
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Peters, Björn A. "Managing diversity in intergovernmental organisations." Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2007. http://d-nb.info/985942053/04.
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Lougarre, C. M. V. "The right to health : legal content through supranational monitoring." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1474052/.
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Whilst economic, social and cultural rights benefit from a better protection worldwide than when they were first recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, they remain criticised for being too vague and, thus, not legally enforceable. This is particularly relevant to the right to health, since it embraces complex ethical, economic and legal issues often calling into question its substance. Such criticisms, nonetheless, threaten its implementation: how can key actors contribute to realising a right of which they do not understand the meaning? This thesis, therefore, aims at clarifying what the human right to health entails, and will focus on how this can be done through supranational monitoring. Mandated to supervise the implementation of human rights instruments, supranational human rights bodies (SNHRBs) embody the most authoritative interpretation of the right to health. When evaluating whether or not states comply with their obligations and when justifying why, SNHRBs effectively delineate the legal content of this right. Therefore, this thesis will analyse how SNHRBs contribute to clarifying the legal content of the right to health in the course of their quasi-judicial monitoring procedures, and how their interpretation can be optimised for that purpose. I will particularly study the interpretation of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (United Nations) and the European Committee of Social Rights (Council of Europe), for they are the most illustrative of how supranational monitoring of the right to health feeds into its substance, and vice versa. Such comparative analysis will enable me to develop a theoretical account assisting SNHRBs in interpreting the legal content of the right to health more clearly, to highlight ‘best practice’, and to discuss compatibility between universal and regional standards. As a result, this thesis lies primarily in international human rights law but will also involve aspects of public international law and, modestly, public health.
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Blumberg-Mokri, Myriam. "Le droit européen supranational de la reproduction humaine artificielle." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010300.
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L’examen attentif de la production normative du conseil de l'Europe et de l'union européenne en matière de reproduction humaine artificielle permet de mettre en évidence l'émergence d'un droit en formation. Une même dynamique est à l'œuvre dans les deux ordres juridiques européens - celui des droits de l'homme et celui des marchands - qui concerne le mouvement d'institutionnalisation de la réflexion bioéthique et la lente maturation des normes en la matière. Celles-ci sont encore majoritairement incitatives par nature (résolutions et recommandations) ou pas encore applicables en droit interne (conventions sur les droits de l'homme et la biomédecine de 1997; directive sur la protection juridique des inventions biotechnologiques de 1998). Le législateur européen à règlementé les pratiques de procréation artificielle, de recherches sur l'embryon et de génie génétique en privilégiant certains interdits qu'il a accompagnés de sanctions appropriées.
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PENNESI, MARICLA. "An emerging issue: “international tax arbitrage” and supranational constraints." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4051252.
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Boar, Flavius Alexandru. "Une eurohypothèque comme garantie immobilière indépendante : tendances internes et supranationales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D052.
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Le concept d’une hypothèque indépendante intervient comme référence par rapport à laquelle se délimitent, en droit français, comme dans le système roumain, les inflexions accessoires consacrées de la garantie. Il est également au cœur des recherches qui proposent une eurohypothèque calquée sur son modèle, au titre des règles du marché intérieur. Selon celles-ci, les dérogations accessoires reconnues dans les législations réfractaires à sa technique rendent la sûreté, de toute façon, presque tout aussi autonome. Or, la possibilité de stipuler une hypothèque sur première demande, parfois tentée dans les opérations bancaires, dépend justement de la mesure du rapprochement entre, par exemple, les hypothèques rechargeables et une garantie autonome proprement-dite. Toutefois, rien ne laisse entendre un abandon des réticences traditionnelles envers la technique. Les évolutions similaires en matière de garanties personnelles n’ont, en effet, pas dû affronter le numerus clausus des droits réels. Au moins, les démonstrations requises par cette conclusion ont déduit les représentations nécessaires pour intégrer dans la dépendance accessoire de la sûreté ses apparentes émancipations contemporaines. Ensuite, les impératifs de libre circulation paraissent assez spéculatifs en cette matière. Vu qu’ils ne sauraient être considérés exclusivement favorables au créancier hypothécaire, leur invocation dans ce contexte impliquerait de quantifier les conséquences de la logique accessoire sur le crédit international. En fin de compte, cela signifie qu’une intervention réglementaire des institutions européennes, reportée depuis quelques décennies déjà, serait la seule à même de supprimer tout aléa sur la légitimité du concept<br>The concept of a non-accessory civil-law mortgage comes up often as a reference in relation to which digressions from the accessory nature of this security are constantly outlined in French and Romanian law. It is also the centrepiece of studies proposing a Eurohypothec shaped on its pattern, based on the imperatives of the internal market. According to these, the exceptions enshrined in the national legislations that were initially rebuffing its technique are causing classic accessory mortgages to become almost just as autonomous. And indeed, the possibility to agree, in these systems, upon a hypothec against whom exceptions deduced from the covered claim are not opposable depends precisely on the similarities between, for instance, the hypothèque rechargeable and an actual independent guarantee. However, nothing suggests an abandoning of the traditional reserves against this exotic figure. Similar evolutions in personal security law were precisely not in contradiction with the numerus clausus of property rights. Nonetheless, the arguments employed to reach this conclusion have allowed to integrate the recent evolutions in the legal framework of the hypothec into the dogmatic of its accessory nature. Also, the imperatives of the economic freedoms of movement seem rather speculative in this respect. Their interplay in favour of the Eurohypothec implies precisely quantifying the impact of the accessory principle upon international financing. In the end, this means only a long-awaited legislative intervention by the European institutions would clear all possible doubts over the validity of this concept
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Guyon, Charles. "L'influence des normes supranationales sur le droit du travail français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020067.
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Nul n’est censé ignorer la loi… même supranationale. La « censure » des dispositions relatives au contrat « nouvelles embauches » l’a vigoureusement démontré. Des normes supranationales, l’influence n’a jamais été aussi forte : elles couvrent progressivement l’ensemble des compartiments du droit français du travail. Tous les acteurs, publics et privés, doivent porter leur regard au-delà du cadre hexagonal. Un but est affiché : maîtriser la diffusion des normes supranationales, sans laquelle il n’est point d’adhésion de leurs destinataires, et appréhender les transformations du droit français du travail auxquelles elles conduisent. De nouveaux instruments doivent, à cet effet, être forgés<br>No one is deemed ignorant of the law… including supranational standards. The “censure” of the provisions relating to the “new hiring” employment contract vigorously demonstrated so. The influence of supranational standards has never been so strong: they progressively cover all of the fields of French Labour Law. All stakeholders, whether public or private, need to look beyond French borders. The stated aim is to control the spread of supranational standards, without which there is no acceptance by its recipients, and apprehend the resulting transformations of French Labour Law. New legal methodologies and instruments need to be implemented in this respect
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Skaer, Sylke. "The British Conservative Party and supranational European integration, 1948-1955." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324581.
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Kennedy, Lance. "Supranational Union and New Medievalism: Forging a New Scottish State." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26519855.
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This study aims to understand why the Scottish National Party (SNP) accelerated to prominence after the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following question: To what extent does the European Union (EU) influence the Scottish independence movement and does this trend support the theory of New Medievalism? Data drawn from interviews with members of the 4th Scottish Parliament, comments made by former First Minister Alex Salmond, and scientific polling tend to show that the EU’s increasing institutional powers have facilitated the modern Scottish independence movement’s growth by mitigating the Scottish people’s fears of independence from the UK. However the data also demonstrates that the SNP’s election victory in 2011 was not just an indication of Scottish nationalism, but was a result of the SNP’s competence in government. This investigation concludes that as the EU centralizes power in supranational bodies the process of New Medievalism is working its course by dissolving Westphalian nation states. This process is revealed in the rise of the modern Scottish nationalist movement as well as other subnational independence movements in EU member states. The culmination of this movement was the rise of the SNP and the 2014 Scottish independence referendum.
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Hellenthal, Christian. "Zulässigkeit einer supranationalen Fußball-Europaliga nach den Bestimmungen des europäischen Wettbewerbsrechts /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/316077755.pdf.
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Seydlitz, Christian von. "Supranationale politische Herrschaft und europäische Integration zur Kritik des liberalen Nationalismus." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2009. http://d-nb.info/100214096X/04.
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Barani, Luca. "Cour européenne de justice et les limites de son autonomie supranationale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210478.
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La thèse effectue une revue de la littérature scientifique sur la Cour dans le processus d’intégration juridique, en classant les différentes positions selon qu’ils définissent le rôle de la Cour comme réactif ou pro-actif. En faisant cette revue de la littérature, cinq facteurs sont mis en exergue pour ce qui concerne la problématique de l’autonomie de la Cour, qui feront l’objet d’une analyse approfondie dans la suite de la thèse :<p>I) Limites inhérentes à l’interprétation juridique des Traités tels qu’ils se retrouvent dans les règles institutionnalisées du raisonnement de la Cour ;<p>II) L’interaction, au niveau européen, entre la Cour et les autres institutions ;<p>III) Les pressions et les stratégies d’influence des Etats membres vis-à-vis de la Cour comme agent de leurs préférences ;<p>IV) La dépendance structurelle de la Cour supranationale vis-à-vis ses interlocuteurs judiciaires au niveau national ;<p>V) Le degré d’obéissance que les appareils administratifs et exécutifs des Etats membres démontrent vis-à-vis la jurisprudence de la Cour.<p>Par rapport à ces facteurs, et leur importance relative dans la détermination de la ligne d’action de la Cour de Justice, la thèse évalue les changements et les défis auxquels est soumise la fonction de la Cour de justice au niveau de l’Union européenne, en particulier par rapport à l’environnement de plus en plus critique ou évolue la trajectoire jurisprudentielle de la Cour par rapport aux acteurs politiques et juridiques, l’érosion du caractère sui generis du droit communautaire dans le contexte du droit international, le rôle de plus en plus affiché des cours nationales, et le contexte institutionnel dans lequel se trouve à agir cette juridiction.<br>Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Weber, Sabrina [Verfasser]. "Sektorale Sozialdialoge auf EU-Ebene : Supranationale und nationale Perspektiven / Sabrina Weber." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://d-nb.info/110882076X/34.
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Gergis, Maryline. "La société privée européenne : un projet de société contractuelle et supranationale." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G026.
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Les entrepreneurs n’ont pas manqué de soulever l’importance et la nécessité d’une structure européenne flexible pour répondre aux besoins des PME. En effet l'introduction d'une société à conception contractuelle dans le droit européen revêt de multiples intérêts. D'une part, elle intègre les PME dans la continuité du processus de construction du marché intérieur. D’autre part, elle offre une liberté d’action appréciée par les entrepreneurs qui évoluent dans un marché fortement concurrentiel. Enfin, le caractère contractuel permet au législateur européen de revenir sur la définition des libertés d'établissement et de circulation des capitaux.Aussi encourageant que soit ce projet, il n'en demeure pas moins source d'interrogations et d'inquiétudes. La liberté contractuelle comporte des risques si elle n'évolue pas dans un cadre juridique adapté et protecteur. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser les effets de la transposition de la liberté contractuelle dans le droit européen des sociétés. Pour comprendre la portée de l’adoption du texte relatif à la SPE, cette thèse tentera de définir la liberté contractuelle au sens communautaire, de souligner ses avantages et d’analyser ses inconvénients<br>Entrepreneurs consider flexible structures are important to meet European SMES needs. Indeed, the transposition of a contractual company in the European law are very valuable. On the one hand, it includes SMES in the process of construction of internal market. On the other hand, it offers to entrepreneurs a freedom to manage their companies in order to be more competitive. Finally the contractual aspect of the company allows the European parliament to reconsider the definition of freedom of establishment and free movement of capital. As encouraging as this project is, it remains a source of questions and concerns. Contractual freedom could involve risks if it doesn’t evolve in a suitable protective legal framework. This thesis aims to analyze the effects of the transposition of contractual freedom in the European company law. To understand the scope of the adoption of the text relating to the SPE, this thesis will try to define the contractual freedom in EU terms, to emphasize its advantages and disadvantages analyzed
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Brahy, Sylvie. "Europäische Union und Türkei nationale Verfassung und supranationale Ordnung im Spannungsverhältnis." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991606612/04.
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Anakok, Zeynep. "Towards An International Or Supranational Electricity Market? British And Turkish Cases." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605644/index.pdf.
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This thesis tries to answer the question of whether there is a single electricity market in the European Union. Although some further steps were taken in terms of market integration, this study shows that it is still not possible to talk about a single electricity market. The attempts to create a single electricity market demonstrate the tensions between supranational and national decision making in a vital issue area of energy. States have been reluctant to transfer their sovereignty in energy policy making as they deemed this area vital to their economic and security interests. This study argues that intergovernmental premises, still explain the reluctance of the member states in this context better. The thesis incorporates two case studies<br>United Kingdom and Turkey. The first case illustrates that though UK is at the forefront of the other member states in adopting the EU electricity directives, it has still resisted transferring its right of control over its sector to the supranational authorities. Also, the British Case shows that the liberalisation process has some negative consequences. Turkish case will be an evidence for that the model of UK is not appropriate for Turkey in the restructuring process due to the differences between the two states in terms of laws and regulations, institutional capabilities and domestic market conditions. This thesis proposes that Turkey shouldn&rsquo<br>t disregard its conditions for the sake of EU membership while developing policies in a strategically important area where member states abstain from devolving their rights to the supranational authorities.
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Oberkofler, Monica J. "The European Court of Justice and the limits of supranational autonomy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399413.
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Anastasiadou, Constantia. "Tourism at the supranational level : the case of the European Union." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405469.
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Davies, Peter Raymond Alexander. "The European Union : a study in the accountability of supranational institutions /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Kruse, Franziska [Verfasser]. "Der Europäische Auswärtige Dienst zwischen intergouvernementaler Koordination und supranationaler Repräsentation. / Franziska Kruse." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1238431313/34.
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Benothmane, Ahmed. "La bureaucratie supranationale de la BM et du FMI et le Maroc." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21983.pdf.
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Shapiro, Evan Joel. "The supranational challenge : federal and decentralized unitary states within the European Union." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22703.
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Nation states, be they federal or unitary, monist or dualist, must incorporate the norms and precepts of international law into their domestic legal orders and implement its requirements. The constitutional or equivalent courts of Germany, Belgium, Italy and Spain have provided solutions to these and related problems. While some of the topic states have undergone decentralizing or federalizing reforms simultaneous with their involvement in the European Communities and Union, all have experienced centralizing pressures, some of which involve negative implications for democratic accountability. Overall, their constitutional and governmental systems have tended to converge with enhanced contact and cooperation. They also influence and are in turn influenced by European institutions and structures, which include most recently expanded Parliamentary powers and a new Committee of the Regions representative of subnational interests and aspirations at the supranational level. How these related, complementary and at times antagonistic spheres will continue to evolve and react in the future may involve Europe's greatest challenge.
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Marar, Jose Ricardo. "Assessing the implementation of supranational regulatory activity in the road freight sector." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271634.
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Roman, Vlad Dan. "Judicial policymaking in the supranational context - the European Union and its experiences." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23320.
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Even though we are living in societies based on the principle of separation of powers, the current internal and international status quo develops mechanisms that depart from the traditional way of perceiving this idea.By giving primacy to constitutional review instruments, executives and legislatives are no longer the only policy makers actors; the involvement of judges in policy issues dilutes the politicians’ powers in this resort and brings legal expertize into play; moreover, as nowadays states commit themselves on the international arena, ‘judicialization’ of politic’ is also happening as a result of the creation of supranational Courts. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze what are the actual mechanisms through which such behavior is developed, which are the affected areas of interest and what kind of issues does the practice per se develop. In this matter, the result is a complex one due to the process’s dynamics and the fact that it is constructed on a particular decisional path that is composed of judicial decision-making and its subsequent political effects.
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Badinger, Harald, and Volker Nitsch. "National Representation in Supranational Institutions: The Case of the European Central Bank." Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.05.007.
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Supranational institutions face an important trade-off when hiring personnel. On the one hand,
hiring decisions are based, as in most organizations, on a candidate's professional
qualifications. On the other hand, supranational institutions often aim for broad national
representation. Reviewing evidence from the European Central Bank, we show that
nationality is indeed relevant for both hiring and decision-making. Specifically, we find a
disproportionately narrow spread of national representation in the top management of the
ECB. Further, there is evidence for the existence of national networks between adjacent
management layers. Finally, monetary policy decisions seem to be linked to national
representation in the core business areas of the ECB. Examining a sample of 27 European
countries over the period from 1999 to 2008, we estimate Taylor rules for alternative sets of
euro area aggregates derived from different weighting schemes of national macroeconomic
data. Our results indicate that weights based on national representation in the mid-level
management of the ECB's core business areas best describe the central bank's interest-rate
setting behavior.
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Meermagen, Bettina. "Beitrags- und Eigenmittelsystem : die Finanzierung inter- und supranationaler Organisationen, insbesondere der Europäischen Gemeinschaften /." München : Beck, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/338088032.pdf.
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Raiser, Christoph. "Kompromisse im Europäischen Parlament : eine kultursoziologische Analyse von Entscheidungsprozessen in einer supranationalen Institution." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6956/.
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Das Europäische Parlament ist zweifelsohne die mächtigste parlamentarische Versammlung auf supranationaler Ebene. Das provoziert die Frage, wie Entscheidungen in diesem Parlament gefällt werden und wie sie begründet werden können. Darin liegt das Hauptanliegen dieser Arbeit, die zur Beantwortung dieser Frage auf soziologische Ansätze der Erklärung sozialen Handelns zurückgreift und damit einen neuen Zugang zur Beobachtung parlamentarischen Handelns schafft. Dabei arbeitet sie heraus, wie wichtig es ist, bei der Analyse politischer Entscheidungsprozesse zu beachten, wie politische Probleme von Akteuren interpretiert und gegenüber Verhandlungspartnern dargestellt werden. An den Fallbeispielen der Entscheidungsprozesse zur Dienstleistungsrichtlinie, zur Chemikalien-Verordnung REACH und dem TDIP (CIA)-Ausschuss in der Legislaturperiode 2004–2009, wird der soziale Mechanismus dargestellt, der hinter Einigungen im Europäischen Parlament steckt. Kultur als Interpretation der Welt wird so zum Schlüssel des Verständnisses politischer Entscheidungen auf supranationaler Ebene.<br>The European Parliament is the most powerful parliamentary assembly on the supranational level. However, the question of how and why decisions are being taken in this parliament has been insufficiently addressed so far. This is the main aim of this book, which draws on sociological theories for explaining social action and thus opens up a new approach to the analysis of parliamentary action. It argues that it is necessary to take into account how actors interpret political problems and how they relate to their counterparts in negotiations. In three case studies on decision-making processes in the 6th European Parliament between 2004 and 2009 - Services Directive, REACH and the TDIP (CIA-)committee – the study reconstructs the social mechanism behind compromise in the EP. Culture as the way actors attach meaning to the world is the key to understanding political decisions on the supranational level.
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Beuren, John [Verfasser]. "Das Al Qaida-Sanktionsregime als Ausübung supranationaler Kompetenzen durch den Sicherheitsrat. / John Beuren." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1238438024/34.
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Colin, Jérôme. "Recherches sur l'harmonisation supranationale du droit de la bourse et des valeurs mobilières." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05D004.
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Nous sommes actuellement à un tournant de l'histoire du capitalisme. Toutes les doctrines qui le dénonçaient ont montré leurs limites. L'évolution du marché boursier national et international va dans le sens d'une croissance considérable. Une nouvelle ère de l'économie de marché s'est ouverte et qu'on désigne sous le vocable de "capitalisme populaire". La taille mondiale des entreprises, leurs besoins considérables en capitaux et l'internationalisation des moyens de communication sont venus révolutionner le droit boursier qui est actuellement en complète refonte, tant aux plans nationaux, qu'au plan international, notamment communautaire. Cette révolution touche non seulement les règles de fond mais concerne également les structures même des organismes de veille et de validation. Cette révolution boursière doit s'accompagner d'une moralisation du capitalisme pour faire en sorte que le capitalisme populaire devienne le capitalisme éthique<br>We are currently with a turning pf the history of capitalism. All the doctrines which denounced it showed their limits. The national and international stock exchange market trends go in the direction of a considerable growth. A new era of the market economy opened and that once indicates under the term of “popular capitalism”. The world size of the companies, their considerable requirements in capital and the internationalisation of the means of communication came to revolutionize the stock exchange laws which is currently in complete recasting, so much at the national, European and international level. This revolution touches not only the laws but also relates to the same structures of stocks exchange organizations. This stock exchange revolution must be accompanied by a moralisation of capitalism to make so that popular capitalism becomes ethic capitalism
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Kabisa, Bular Pawen Jean-Baptiste. "L'idée weilienne de l'état mondial: un procès de légitimation d'un ordre social supranational." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212123.
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Yoshizawa, Hikaru. "The International Dimension of EU Competition Policy: Does Regional Supranational Regulation Hinder Protectionism?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/228572.
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There is an increasing recognition of the international presence and regulatory influence of the EU in competition policy. Despite a scholarly focus on its international dimension, the issue of nationality-based (non-) discrimination has insufficiently been investigated in the existing literature on EU competition policy. Thus, this research aims to fill this gap in the literature by examining whether the EU internally and externally utilizes its competition rules for the objective of promoting (potential) national and European champions, while disadvantaging non-EU based companies operating inside and outside the European internal market. Empirical findings validate two hypotheses of this research: that the supranational institutional setting of the EU in competition policy constrains the ability of member states to use their competition policies for neomercantilist, and even for protectionist purposes; and that the institutional setup assures nationality-blind enforcement by EU competition regulators, even vis-à-vis non-EU based companies. The research also identifies key systemic factors which either constrain or empower the EU as a regulatory power in the competition policy domain. The empirical analysis draws on both quantitative data and in-depth studies of recent major cases. Most cases are from the period between September 1990 and August 2015, involving American and Japanese companies, which have a strong presence in European economies.EU competition policy is highly supranational and has a distinctive goal of market integration. In order to understand better how these features shape EU competition policy, this research proposes an original model of ‘stringent competition policy’, drawing on the theory of regulatory states. This model is more useful than the essentially neomercantilist model of strategic competition policy in explaining the EU’s enforcement without regard to the nationality of firms. Internally, the supranational institutional setting significantly constrains the ability of the member states to utilize their competition policies for neomercantilist and protectionist purposes. Regarding external consequences of this policy, the EU stringently enforces its competition rules regardless the nationality of firms involved in law infringements, though some cases involving non-EU firms were highly politicized and contested. To ensure that its stringent competition policy does not deteriorate the international competitiveness of European firms, the EU has been promoting competition policy externally, especially since the 1990s. However, the EU’s ability to play a leadership role in global multilateral fora is limited, despite its dedication and ambitions. This is because the EU’s regulatory power is fundamentally constrained by systemic factors such as a sharp increase in the number and heterogeneity of competition policies around the world, the deadlock of WTO negotiations on world competition law, and the emergence of transgovernmental networks such as the ICN. At the same time, these systemic factors have created the demand of younger competition authorities for reference points, if not models, and this opened up a window of opportunity for the EU to promote its competition policy rules and norms more extensively in third states. Overall, this research contributes to the EU competition policy literature by firmly placing it in a wider debate on competition and/versus competitiveness in the study of global political economy.<br>Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Henriques, Karl A. "Habermas, democracy, rights, and European supranational integration, observations for North American critical theorists." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0014/NQ33533.pdf.
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Wang, Wenshuang. "MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF SUPRANATIONAL GOVERNING STRUCTURES ON CORRUPTION THROUGH AN ECONOMIC EXPERIMENT." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07092009-181247/.
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Corruption has been attracting a great deal of attention recently and various organizations together with free and active media have made great efforts to bring this issue to the forefront of the governance debate. This research uses experimental methods to investigate the effect of supranational governing structures on corruption. A second objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the model for the United Nations missions given that transparency and accountability in the presence of these kinds of supranational governing structures are generally weak. Results of this research show that the presence of supranational governing structures leads to an increased level of corruption. These findings can be generalized for other situations in the public sector or private sector that involve a type of supranational governing structure. For the case of the UN missions, increased transparency and accountability can help reduce the level of corruption under these governing structures.
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Ruacan, Ipek Zeynep. "International and world society : toward an English School theory of legitimate supranational systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5288/.
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This dissertation seeks to contribute an English School theory of legitimate supranational systems to the literature. It places the legitimacy question of such systems around the School’s key concepts of international and world society, and examines the three different interrelationships of these concepts as proposed by the School within the context of the European Union. In the empirical section, a critical moment in the history of European integration, the drafting of the Constitutional Treaty (2002-3), is analyzed with a view to determining which particular interrelationship best fits our theoretical frameworks. It concludes by suggesting that while the moralistic perspective within the English School is superior to the culturalist and communitarian alternatives; even this does not offer a full scheme to understand the process of building legitimate supranational systems. The main problem, the study contends, is the omission of the state in the School’s theoretical framework, and, to that end, Neo-Weberian approaches into the nature of the state need to be injected into the English School account for a thorough picture of how and why a supranational system becomes legitimate to its members. Through this Neo-Weberian link, the thesis achieves its purpose of formulating a more coherent English School approach to legitimate supranational systems.
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McDaniel, John. "Rethinking police accountability and transparency within the EU : reconciling national and supranational approaches." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/48070/.
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The new terrain of increasing interaction between national and supranational legal systems within the European Union presents new challenges for conventional approaches to police accountability and transparency. Each EU Member State is responsible for policing within its jurisdiction, and the EU institutions are increasingly responsible for enhancing the conduct of police cooperation between the Member States. The thesis explores the challenges of reconciling national approaches in the international sphere by conducting a critical analysis of ‘how and to what extent national legal and administrative norms on police accountability and transparency are informing the concept, design and operation of EU cross-border policing instruments’. Building on the work of Peter K. Manning, Geoffrey Marshall and David Bayley amongst others, the thesis develops a pragmatic typology of police accountability through which to view the evolution and adequacy of national and supranational approaches. The typology contains three key dimensions, namely codes, co-option and complaint. Using the typology to critique conventional approaches in the UK, Ireland and Denmark, the thesis identifies legal and procedural anomalies and challenges at both the national and supranational level since the traditional elements of police accountability were originally formulated within the confines of national legal, political, historical and cultural constraints. Employing the typology to both elucidate problems and suggest methods of internalisation, the thesis argues that the EU should follow the lead of the Member States’ legislatures by seeking to regulate a wider range of policing processes through more expansive procedural ‘codes’ which facilitate police discretion and co-option. The thesis shows that it is not sufficient for the EU to prioritise its post-Lisbon policy of ‘co-decision’ in order to remedy its democratic deficits but that it must oversee the establishment and enhancement of parliamentary committees, inspectorates and other oversight bodies in the interest of police accountability. A number of recommendations are made for police reform at both the national and supranational levels to this end. More particularly, the research indicates that additional treaty changes are needed beyond the Lisbon Treaty in order to adequately reconcile national and supranational approaches to police accountability. I am grateful to the Irish Research Council for supporting this research by the award of a Government of Ireland Research Scholarship.
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Rullán, Rosanis Samantha Rebeca. "Innovation systems: the european experience and opportunities for Latin America and the Caribbean." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51478.
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The elaboration of this thesis involved several stages, and since it is a complex subject matter, it was imperative to maintain a multidisciplinary focus. In the rst stage, the need to improve the innovation performance in Latin America and the Caribbean is identied. In the second, the appropriate methodology for this research is selected. Here, it was determined that a framework comprising the innovation system approach is the most suitable framework for this research. In the third stage, the relevant body of extant literature is reviewed and the research problem formulated. In the fourth stage, the data is collected and characterized. During the fth stage, the gathered information is analyzed and the results presented. In the sixth stage, experiences in other regions are examined and best practices acquired. In the nal stage, the key enablers, best practices and the elements are identied, transformed and adapted into several recommendations for Latin American and Caribbean policy makers.
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Kalina, Ondřej. "Ein Kontinent - eine Nation? Prolegomena zur Bildung eines supranationalen Demos im Rahmen der EU." Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993367208/04.
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Berti, Katia. "A political economy analysis of product quality standards under national and supranational decision-making." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537632.
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Mugwagwa, Julius. "Supranational organisations and cross-national policy convergence : the case of biosafety in southern Africa." Thesis, Open University, 2008. http://oro.open.ac.uk/22399/.
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This thesis analyses existing and new impetus for cross-national regulatory systems for modern biotechnology sparked in southern Africa by the 2002/03 food aid crisis. The study examined the roles the African Union (AU), the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC), who, together with other regional and international bodies have initiated processes to assist the 14-country SADC region towards cross-national similarity or convergence of biosafety systems. This case study research was guided by the three factor conceptualisation of Per Olof Busch and Helge Jorgens (2005), which proposes harmonisation, diffusion and coercive imposition as three distinct international mechanisms causing policy change and policy convergence. Theoretical perspectives, data gathering and analysis approaches adopted an interdisciplinary and holistic approach in navigating the complex technological, regulatory and socio-political settings. Data was collected primarily using questionnaires, semistructured interviews and document review throughout the study period, and in-situ observation of processes and organisational interactions during a three-month internship at NEPAD in the middle of 2007. Different stakeholder understandings of convergence, and fluctuating motivations and fears regarding its emergence and implementation were observed. The processes towards a transnational framework were viewed as more important than the outputs thereof. Minimal, if any convergence had occurred in entire regulatory systems, or policies, while lower level targets such as policy scopes, objectives, institutional arrangements and regulations had converged to varying extents. The three SNOs had played different roles in this, singly or collectively, particularly via ideational and epistemic influence exerted through interplay between the three mechanisms proposed by Busch and Jorgens (2005), with diffusion of practices being most prominent. Therefore, and as observed by other researchers, the three mechanisms were not mutually exclusive, and their effect on spread of policies depended a lot on contextual factors within organisations, sectors, countries and the region. The thesis introduces the notion of layered convergence as one feasible outcome of the cross-national processes.
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Payraudeau, Christel. "La protection du droit au respect de la vie privée par le Conseil constitutionnel à l’épreuve du numérique." Thesis, Corte, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CORT0006.
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La constitutionnalisation du droit au respect de la vie privée a trouvé sa place progressivement, mais avec l’avènement du numérique de nouvelles problématiques se sont imposées. La société est en pleine mutation depuis quelques décennies déjà, et même si l’indéniable efficacité des technologies modernes se montre séduisante, les évolutions sont très rapides et le droit ne peut intervenir qu’à retardement. Dans ce contexte et face à l’hégémonie du numérique, nous devons nous interroger sur la réalité des libertés individuelles et des droits fondamentaux. La vie privée est bousculée par les nouvelles pratiques mises en œuvre. Ces problématiques sont incontournables, quels que soient les enjeux mondiaux, aussi bien sécuritaires, économiques que politiques. Il est nécessaire d’analyser comment le Conseil constitutionnel se positionne afin de parvenir à mieux identifier ses limites. Dans notre réalité numérique, comment l’indispensable protection du Conseil constitutionnel peut-elle paraître lacunaire en matière de droit au respect de la vie privée ? Cette thèse a pour objet de démontrer que dans un monde en constante évolution technologique, les trois thèmes de l’étude ne sauraient être dissociés : le droit au respect de la vie privée, à l’instar des libertés individuelles qui priment, le numérique qui se rend indispensable et la cour constitutionnelle pour garantir le bon fonctionnement et la gestion de ces notions qui pourraient facilement devenir antagonistes. Nous identifierons les objectifs constitutionnels opposables au droit au respect de la vie privée ainsi que les garanties qui conditionnent la conciliation de ce droit avec les objectifs législatifs. Nous allons estimer pour notre étude que la vie privée dans le monde virtuel du numérique présente deux facettes dont le Conseil constitutionnel tente de se montrer garant : d’une part celle qui préserve notre relation avec autrui et d’autre part celle qui se rapporte directement à la personne.Il est important de garder l’esprit critique sur l’utilisation qui est faite des données personnelles de chacun d’entre nous. Avec le numérique, la protection de la vie privée doit nécessairement être analysée au-delà des frontières de notre pays. Pour analyser les dangers qui menacent celle-ci, il est intéressant de se pencher sur l’étude des décisions du Conseil constitutionnel afin de pouvoir comparer la jurisprudence et la législation française à celles d’autres pays. Les outils numériques, par leur capacité à impacter de très nombreux aspects de nos vies, réduisent considérablement les limites spatio-temporelles, qui semblent de plus en plus désuètes. Le réseau numérique a la capacité de relier les personnes de manière virtuelle aux quatre coins du monde. Ainsi, la protection constitutionnelle s’inscrit aujourd’hui dans un tout autre contexte dans la mesure où l’exercice de nos libertés et de nos droits, comme la vie privée, a inévitablement une dimension supranationale<br>The constitutionalisation of the right to privacy has progressively found its place, but with the advent of digital technology, new issues have emerged. Our society has undergone major changes over the last few decades, and even though modern technologies are very attractive due to their undeniable efficiency, they are evolving very fast and the law can thus only intervene too late.In this context and with regard to the supremacy of digital technology, we must question the reality of individual freedoms and fundamental rights. Privacy is shaken up by new practices. These issues are inescapable whatever the global challenges be they security, economic or political ones. It is necessary to analyse how the constitutional Council positions itself in order to better identify its limits. In our digital age, how can the much needed protection of the constitutional Council appear as inadequate as regards the right to privacy ?The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that in an ever-evolving technological world, the three themes studied here are inextricably linked: the right to privacy, as with individual freedoms which prevail, digital technology which makes itself indispensable and the constitutional court to guarantee the proper functioning and the management of these notions which could easily become antagonistic. We will identify the constitutional objectives which can be opposed to the right to privacy as well as the guarantees which determine the conciliation of this right with legislative objectives. In our study, we will consider that privacy in the digital virtual world has two sides that the constitutional Council is attempting to guarantee: on the one hand, protecting our relationship with others and on the other hand protecting the individual.It is important to remain critical of the use made of our personal data. With digital technology, the protection of privacy must unquestionably be analysed beyond our national borders. To analyse the dangers which threatens it, it is interesting to look at the study of the constitutional Council decisions in order to be able to compare case law and French legislation to those of other countries. Digital tools, due to their possible impacts on many aspects of our lives, considerably reduce spatial and temporal boundaries, which increasingly appear as obsolete. The digital network can virtually connect people all over the world. Therefore, constitutional protection is today part of a very different context insofar as exercising our freedoms and rights, such as privacy, inevitably has a supranational dimension
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Kalina, Ondřej. "Ein Kontinent - eine Nation? : Prolegomena zur Bildung eines supranationalen Demos im Kontext der Europäischen Union /." Wiesbaden : VS Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018618557&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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