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1
Stampacchia, Paolo. La gestione delle linee ferroviarie: Un modello di analisi dei costi per il supporto alle decisioni di esercizio e di investimento. [Roma]: Centro studi sui sistemi di trasporto, 1990.
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Topolsky, Nikolay, and Valeriy Vilisov. Methods, models and algorithms in security systems: machine learning, robotics, insurance, risks, control. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02072-2.
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The monograph examines topical issues of decision support and management in safety systems for fire and emergency situations through the use of innovative approaches and tools for operations research, artificial intelligence, robotics and management methods in organizational systems.
The monograph is intended for faculty, researchers, graduate students (adjuncts) and doctoral students, as well as for undergraduates, students and listeners of educational organizations, all those who are interested in the problems of decision support and management in security systems.
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Gomarasca, Mario A. Elementi di geomatica: Con elementi di geodesia e cartografia, fotogrammetria, telerilevamento, informatica, sistemi di ripresa, sistemi di posizionamento satellitare, elaborazione digitale delle immagini, sistemi informativi territoriali, sistemi di supporto alle decisioni, SIT in rete, INSPIRE e GMES, dizionario tecnico, acronimi. [Milan?]: Associazione italiana di rilevamento, 2004.
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4
Mkomwa, Saidi, and Amir Kassam, eds. Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0000.
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Abstract This book is about Conservation Agriculture (the use of no tillage systems) to preserve soil structure and integrity. It has become an increasingly important step towards sustainable farming. This publication brings together conservation agriculture and climate smart decision making processes for the first time, focusing on Africa. This book brings to the fore scientific and empirical evidence about Conservation Agriculture in Africa, articulated by the Second Africa Congress on Conservation Agriculture (2ACCA) held in Johannesburg in 2018. It describes how farmers in Africa are successfully adopting Conservation Agriculture as an alternative to the unsustainable conventional farming practices and as a solution to loss of agricultural productivity, soil erosion and land degradation, climate change challenges and ever-increasing food insecurity. This work discusses how Conservation Agriculture can support the implementation of the African Union's Malabo Declaration and Agenda 2063 which calls for climate smart agricultural development. It provides development-oriented case studies and scientific evidence relevant to all stakeholders in the public, private and civil sectors who are engaged in building policy, institutional and human capacity to accelerate the mainstreaming of Conservation Agriculture across Africa.
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Brazeau, Stéphanie, and Nicholas H. Ogden, eds. Earth observation, public health and one health: activities, challenges and opportunities. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621183.0000.
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Abstract This book contains 4 chapters that discuss in the context of both the One Health concept and the SDG initiative, remote sensing can provide solutions to the priority of assessing and monitoring public health risks, and it can play an important role in supporting decision making to reduce health risks within our shared ecosystems. The growing awareness of complex but causal interactions among these realms has motivated professionals in a wide range of sectors to adopt the One Health approach, which promotes intersectoral collaboration to address health issues at the human-animal-environment interface. In its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the United Nations specifically identifies "strengthening the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks" as part of their Good Health and Well-being Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). As examples presented in this book reveal, the risk of infectious disease emergence increases with a wide range of conditions and variables, including those associated with humans, animals, climate, and the environment. This book examines several priority themes to which EO and geomatics can make important contributions: mosquito-borne and tick-borne diseases; water-borne diseases; air quality and extreme heat effects; geospatial indicators of vulnerable human populations.
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Harrod, Molly, Sanjay Saint, and Robert W. Stock. A Safe, Supportive Environment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190671495.003.0004.
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The 12 attendings all created a safe and supportive learning environment but used various strategies to do so. The attendings provide positive feedback and are completely engaged during rounds. They make themselves available to learners and are eager to help them. The attendings also get to know their learners on a personal level in order to build trusting relationships with their teams. The attendings admit their own mistakes and welcome challenges from learners, demonstrating their conviction that a mistake is a prime learning experience. Learners engage in clinical decision-making, knowing that their attending will support and protect them in case of an oversight.
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Newborn and Infant Nutrition. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610024297.
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This all-new clinical resource provides valuable point-of-care decision support tools based on AAP policy for nutrition of newborns and infants. https://shop.aap.org/newborn-and-infant-nutrition-a-clinical-decision-support-chart/
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Obst, WJ, R. Graham, and G. Christie. Financial Management for Agribusiness. CSIRO Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094635.
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Financial Management for Agribusiness presents a practical approach to financial decision making for all those involved in agribusiness, including farmers, horticulturists and supporting businesses, to manage invested funds, physical resources and labour. It covers all the stages leading to a completed business plan and provides straightforward worked examples for each step.
The authors emphasise the need to collect and record the detailed financial and physical records necessary for sound decision making and detail all stages of financial planning, including record keeping, preparation of financial statements, financial analysis, budgeting, income tax, Goods and Services Tax and succession planning.
The book clearly explains how past financial information of the business can be used to identify and assess alternative strategies that will aid management in making decisions that meet business and personal objectives.
The complete financial management process is then summarised in a comprehensive business plan.
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Mele, Alfred R. Complete Control and Disappearing Agents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190659974.003.0008.
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This chapter rebuts Derk Pereboom’s disappearing agent argument against event-causal libertarianism and explores a notion of complete control over whether one will decide to A. Support is offered for the view that agents with no agent-causal powers can decide freely and be morally responsible for decisions they made. Settling whether a particular decision will occur is a key notion in Pereboom’s disappearing agent argument. Various interpretations of the notion are considered, and the argument is found to be unpersuasive on all of these interpretations. The bearing of agent causation on settling, luck, and control is discussed, and differences between deciding and overt actions are examined.
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Morrison, Julie Q., and Anna L. Harms. Advancing Evidence-Based Practice Through Program Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190609108.001.0001.
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The demand for results-driven accountability is pervasive in all aspects of education today. The shift in emphasis from compliance to accountability for closing achievement gaps and improving student outcomes creates challenges and opportunities for school-based professionals. School-based professionals have a significant role to play in supporting school improvement efforts and improving outcomes for students in their role as program evaluators. Despite the need for advanced knowledge and skills in program evaluation, resources dedicated to developing the competencies of school-based professionals in evaluation approaches, methods, and tools are scarce. This book addresses this need by serving as a practical resource for school-based professionals seeking to use program evaluation to enhance data-based decision making and accountability as informed by implementation research and within the context of a multi-tier system of supports framework. Throughout this book, school-based professionals are positioned as change agents guiding their school or school districts in the adoption, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions and systems of support to meet students’ academic and behavioral needs.
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Ganie, Aasim Ur Rehman, and Irtifa Mukhter Aarif Hussain. Emerging Social Work Debates. Clever Fox Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52184/cfox.2022.1505.
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Case study is an important pedagogical tool not only to facilitate classroom teaching, but is also a research tool used widely in academia and industry. Every workplace situation calls for decision making and managerial skill. While some situations are more complex and far-reaching than the others, all decisions are equally important for the businesses in the overall landscape. On one hand, strategic decisions call for sharp business acumen and experience; on the other hand, operational decisions call for tact and eye for detail. Businesses employ unique solutions to solve their problem which is often recorded as a case study. These case studies are an effective tool to enhance learning. It stimulates the students to integrate classroom-learning with application orientation to solve real live problems. The growth in case writers coupled with availability of good cases has made industry and academia to embrace case methods. An initiative to support and encourage build indigenous case studies, this book is a compilation of the cases presented at the Management Case Conference organised by PSG Institute of Management in 2021
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Golan, Amos. Foundations of Info-Metrics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199349524.001.0001.
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This book provides a framework for info-metrics—the science of modeling, inference, and reasoning under conditions of noisy and insufficient information. Info-metrics is an inherently interdisciplinary framework that emerged from the intersection of information theory, statistical inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. It allows us to process the available information with minimal reliance on assumptions that cannot be validated. This book focuses on unifying all information processing and model building within a single constrained optimization framework. It provides a complete framework for modeling and inference, rather than a problem-specific model. The framework evolves from the simple premise that our available information is often insufficient to provide a unique answer for decisions we wish to make. Each decision, or solution, is derived from the available input information along with a choice of inferential procedure. The book contains many multidisciplinary applications that demonstrate the simplicity and generality of the framework in real-world settings: These include initial diagnosis at an emergency room, optimal dose decisions, election forecasting, network and information aggregation, weather pattern analyses, portfolio allocation, inference of strategic behavior, incorporation of prior information, option pricing, and modeling an interacting social system. This book presents simple derivations of the key results that are necessary to understand and apply the fundamental concepts to a variety of problems. Derivations are often supported by graphical illustrations. The book is designed to be accessible for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners across the disciplines, requiring only basic quantitative skills and a little persistence.
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Manseau, Marc W., and Jay Crosby. First Episode Psychosis. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0012.
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Engaging people experiencing a first episode of psychosis (FEP) in treatment is a priority. The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is the period of time between the onset of the FEP and the initiation of adequate treatment; longer DUP is associated with negative outcomes. Coordinated specialty care (CSC) is an evidence-based model that uses a team-based, multidisciplinary approach to engage people early in their psychotic illness in order to improve long-term psychosocial functioning and treatment outcomes. Best practices within CSC include assertive outreach, prescribing of low-dose antipsychotics, shared decision-making, family support, individual psychotherapy, and supported education and employment. Although people who have experienced an FEP may struggle to follow all treatment recommendations, they can still be engaged in their recovery by putting the focus on the individuals’ life goals.
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Guisinger, Alexandra. Could Positive Information Shift National-Level Beliefs? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190651824.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 asks whether changing the types of information provided to voters would sufficiently move public opinion to make such a strategy viable for political actors. Three original survey experiments explore the role of positive factual information, partisan factual information, and simple altruistic framing in shaping opinions. In the first case, a randomly selected half of respondents watched a trade supportive political campaign ad narrated by John McCain. In the second case, respondents received positive messages from experts about the benefits for the United States of the World Trade Organization and the costs to the United States of responding to Chinese currency manipulation, but the partisan attribution of the expert cited in these messages varied. In the final case, respondents identified in random order their preference for U.S. trade policy and their preference for Chinese trade policy. Although all three affected individuals’ beliefs, those effects were not strong enough to overcome most participants’ support for trade protection. Positive messages also increased, rather than decreased, gender and race gaps in preferences for trade protection. The chapter concludes by arguing that these findings support the decision of most individuals seeking reelection not to embrace pro-trade messages.
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Nair, Aruna. Burgess v Rawnsley [1975] 3 All ER 142, Court of Appeal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780191842825.003.0012.
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Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Burgess v Rawnsley [1975] 3 All ER 142, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
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Whayman, Derek. Swindle v Harrison [1997] 4 All ER 705, Court of Appeal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780191866111.003.0046.
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Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Swindle v Harrison [1997] 4 All ER 705, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
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Nair, Aruna. Burgess v Rawnsley [1975] 3 All ER 142, Court of Appeal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780191868320.003.0011.
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Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Burgess v Rawnsley [1975] 3 All ER 142, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
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Whayman, Derek. Crédit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV v Burch [1997] 1 All ER 144, Court of Appeal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780191866111.003.0015.
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Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Crédit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV v Burch [1997] 1 All ER 144, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
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Whayman, Derek. Crossco (No 4) Unlimited v Jolan [2012] 2 All ER 754, Court of Appeal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780191866111.003.0016.
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Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Crossco (No 4) Unlimited v Jolan [2012] 2 All ER 754, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
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Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., and Charles Glisson. Mission-driven versus Rule-driven Human Service Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0009.
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This chapter explains how mission-driven organizations require that all administrative, managerial, and service provider behavior and decisions contribute to improving the well-being of clients. This principle addresses the threat posed by the conflicting organizational priority of relying on bureaucratic processes and rules to guide policy and practice decisions. The description of mission-driven versus rule-driven organizations includes case examples, empirical evidence supporting the principle, and discussion of the central of role of aligning organizational priorities to focusing on improving client well-being. The chapter explains what it means to be mission driven, the role of leadership in supporting the principle, and why it is important. The chapter also describes the mechanisms that link being mission driven to effective services, including maintaining clear direction for all organizational members in their work, promoting motivation and shared purpose and fostering innovation. A case example illustrates ARC’s success to become more mission-driven.
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Jibawi, Abdullah, and David Cade. Current Surgical Guidelines. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199558278.001.0001.
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Current Surgical Guidelines covers the main conditions requiring surgical care, such as breast cancer, critically ill surgical patients, and diverticular disease, and focuses on the evidence and selection criteria which determine the best action to take. Recommendations are graded according to relevant current guidelines and all benefits/risk decision recommendations are supported by easy-to-digest facts and figures.
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Bunik, Maya. Breastfeeding Telephone Triage and Advice. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581107630.
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New Edition! This all-new telehealth care resource helps nurses, lactation professionals, and other medical staff confidently advise breastfeeding mothers. The volume introduces more than 60 practice-tested breadstfeeding protocols. New Edition! This all-new telehealth care resource helps nurses, lactation professionals, and other medical staff confidently advise breastfeeding mothers. The volume introduces more than 60 practice-tested breadstfeeding protocols. Here’s how to respond when breastfeeding mothers call for help… Breastfeeding Telephone Triage and Advice Authored by Maya Bunik, MD, MSPH, FABM, FAAP This all-new decision support care tool helps nurses, lactation professionals, and other medical staff confidently advise breastfeeding mothers. Created by one of the field’s foremost authorities, it is designed to be used in tandem with the acclaimed AAP best seller Pediatric Telephone Protocols. This volume introduces 60 practice-tested protocols presented on easy-reading double-column pages to help simplify targeted triage decision-making.
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Greenberg, Danna, and Jamie J. Ladge. Maternal Optimism. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190944094.001.0001.
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Every working mother’s path is unique and should be celebrated, not lamented. Yet all too frequently, working mothers are presented with advice, rules to follow, or guidelines as if all our experiences are the same. The goal of this book is to provide readers with stories and research that support the notion of owning and feeling confident in the choices they make as they navigate a series of work and family transitions. Furthermore, we often reduce work/life challenges to a single point in time, such as the decision to return to work after the birth of a child. However, work and family decisions are anything but stagnant. They shift as life and careers shift and are often filled with unpredictable events. By understanding and anticipating these shifts, working mothers can develop the resiliency they need at home and at work. We hope women will pick up this book at times when they may not be feeling confident, when they may regret a choice, or when they are stepping into an unknown situation, so that they can reframe any negative emotions they may be feeling in a more positive light. We believe that if women approach uncertainty about their current or future state with hope, rather than fear, they will have a greater likelihood of living life with maternal optimism.
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Church, Allan H., David W. Bracken, John W. Fleenor, and Dale S. Rose, eds. Handbook of Strategic 360 Feedback. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879860.001.0001.
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Strategic 360 Feedback is defined as (a) having content derived from the organization’s strategy and values; (b) creating data that are sufficiently reliable and valid to be used for decision-making; (c) being integrated into talent management and development systems; and (d) being inclusive of all candidates for assessment. The handbook contains 31 chapters by leading practitioners in the field, organized into five major sections: 360 for Decision Making, 360 for Development, Methodology and Measurement, Organizational Applications (Case Studies), and Critical and Emerging Topics. It presents viewpoints from academics, scientists, practitioners, and consultants on best practices in the design, implementation and evaluation of many forms of multirater processes and technologies currently used to support talent management systems.
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Quill, Timothy E., Paul T. Menzel, Thaddeus Pope, and Judith K. Schwarz, eds. Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190080730.001.0001.
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Voluntary stopping eating and drinking (VSED), though relatively unknown and poorly understood, is a widely available option for hastening death. VSED is legally permitted in places where medical assistance in dying (MAID) is not, and unlike U.S. jurisdictions where MAID is legally permitted, VSED is not limited to terminal illness or to those with current decision-making capacity. With adequate clinician and caregiver support, VSED is a compassionate option that respects patient choice. Moreover, the practice is not limited to avoiding unbearable suffering, but may also be used by those who are determined not to live long with unacceptable deterioration such as severe dementia. Despite the misleading image of “starvation,” death by VSED can typically be peaceful and meaningful when accompanied by adequate clinician/caregiver support. VSED is, however, “not for everyone,” and this volume provides a realistic, appropriately critical as well as supportive assessment of the practice. Eight illustrative, previously unpublished real cases are included, receiving pragmatic analysis in each chapter. The volume’s integrated, multi-professional, multidisciplinary character makes it useful for a wide range of readers: patients considering end-of-life options and their families, clinicians of all kinds, ethicists, lawyers, and institutional administrators. Appendices include recommended elements of an advance directive for stopping eating and drinking and what to record as cause of death on the death certificates for those who hasten death by VSED.
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Flynn, Maria, and Dave Mercer, eds. Oxford Handbook of Adult Nursing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198743477.001.0001.
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The second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Adult Nursing addresses the philosophy, principles, and practice of general adult nursing, and the ways in which general adult nurses relate to people, engage critically with professional knowledge, and organize appropriate nursing care and interventions. The content provides information to help general nurses to draw on their personal and professional values, knowledge, and experience when making general practice decisions and organizing care. The handbook is designed to be a broad reference source, focused on the types of conditions that general adult nurses are most likely to come across in their everyday work, whether this is in hospital, hospice, or community locations. The handbook is arranged in four sections, each of which presents key facts related to professional nursing values, communication and interpersonal skills, nursing practice and decision-making, and leadership, management, and teamwork. Details of clinical procedures are not included, as these are expertly addressed in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Skills in Adult Nursing. Part 1—Professional nursing values (Chapters 1–4)—outlines the values and statutory responsibilities underpinning all nursing practice, decision-making, and patient care. Part 2—Communication and interpersonal skills (Chapters 5–11)—discusses key features of empathetic communication in different nursing contexts. Part 3—Nursing practice and decision-making (Chapters 12–26)—provides key facts about health conditions in different body systems, along with potential investigations and treatment approaches. These chapters also highlight related nursing considerations, to stimulate and support thinking and decision-making in practice. Part 4—Nursing leadership, teamwork, and collectives (Chapters 27–31)—focuses on leadership, management, and teamwork, and the way nurses interact with each other, patients, and the public. Each chapter also lists useful sources of further information. The majority of these are online resources, in recognition of the way most people use information and communication technology in everyday nursing practice, education, and research. Other texts in the Oxford nursing handbook series provide a wide range of specialist texts to cover the detail of more specialized aspects of nursing practice, and reference to these are included throughout the text.
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Martinho Belchior, Alirio, Carlos Mascarenhas, Maha Othman, Marília Rua, Mari Takashima, Marta Silva, Laila Albalushi, et al. iNURSING JOURNAL - Manual for Authors: The step-by-step instructions guide. International Nursing School Ltd., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52457/qprz4666.
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The iNursing Journal (iNJ) is the official journal of the International Nursing School (INS) and intends to disseminate the evidence-based nursing and health care, contributing to the advancement of relevant knowledge in the fields of clinic, management, education, research, advice, as well as to support decisions in public policies. The iNJ is an international journal that intends to receive proposals for publication from over the world, defending cultural diversity, as well as a diversity of contexts and of theoretical-methodological approaches that inform professionals, users, and political stakeholders for their decision-making. The articles published in iNJ must make clear their international knowledge translation and show a critical-reflective, scientific, theoretical and culturally sensitive approach. Although iNJ is mainly dedicated to research in nursing and health sciences, there are no restrictions on articles’ authorship, if they fit the requirements and format of the iNJ. In fact, the iNJ addresses and welcomes articles in health sciences and nursing. The journal publishes randomized trials, observational studies, qualitative research, systematic reviews, scoping reviews, among others. All articles submitted will be subject to double-blind peer review. The iNJ has an Editorial Team headed by the Editor-in-Chief that additionally has the assistance of the Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Editorial Team Members, and Reviewers. The Editorial Team in addition, is supported by an Office Administrator. Members of the Editorial Team meet regularly to evaluate the iNJ progress and to discuss overall goals. The frequency of the Editorial Team meetings varies and depends on the specific needs of the journal. In the following sections, we start to explain the Article Submission Guidelines, including the rules, bibliographic reference standards and article submission process. Followed by the Article Preparation section, that incorporates the different documents that must be submitted, including the Author consent and terms agreement that must be duly read, fulfilled and signed, and also give examples of checklists that can be used to prepare your article for submission. Finally, we present the iNJ Ethics Statement, Duties and Policies.
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Weller, Patrick, Dennis Grube, and R. A. W. Rhodes. Comparing Cabinets. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844945.001.0001.
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Why is cabinet government so resilient? Despite many obituaries, why does it continue to be the vehicle for governing across most parliamentary systems? This book answers these questions by examining the structure and performance of cabinet government in five democracies: the United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Australia. The book is organized around the dilemmas that cabinet governments must solve: how to develop the formal rules and practices that can bring predictability to the daily business and allow consistent decision making; how to balance good policy with good politics; how to ensure cohesion between the factions and parties that constitute the cabinet while allowing levels of self-interest to be advanced; how leaders can balance persuasion and command; and how to maintain support through accountability at the same time as being able to make unpopular decisions. All these dilemmas are continuing challenges to cabinet government, never solvable, and constantly reappearing in different forms. We ask how traditions, beliefs, and practices shape the answers. The different practices between the democracies examined show there can be no single definition of cabinet government. This comparative approach provides analysis and insights into the process of cabinet government that cannot be achieved in the study of any single political system. We better understand the pressures on each system by appreciating the options that are elsewhere accepted as common beliefs.
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Lindvall, Johannes. How Reforms Fail. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766865.003.0003.
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This chapter shows that political decision-makers need to solve two difficult problems when they build support for reforms by compensating losers. First of all, compensation can be economically and politically costly, and political decision-makers take four types of costs into account when they decide whether a reform is worth pursuing: dilution costs, deadweight costs, internal costs, and audience costs. Second, winners cannot always commit to compensation, which matters greatly to a political system's level of reform capacity since promises of compensation ring hollow if the losers believe that those promises will not, in fact, be fulfilled. The empirical examples discussed in the chapter include a comparative case study of reforms in Belgium and the Netherlands, a comparative analysis of government debt in parliamentary democracies, and a discussion of democratic paralysis in the United States since the 1980s.
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McDermont, Morag, Tim Cole, Janet Newman, and Angela Piccini, eds. Imagining Regulation Differently. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348016.001.0001.
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There is an urgent need to rethink relationships between systems of government and those who are ‘governed’. This book explores ways of rethinking those relationships by bringing communities normally excluded from decision-making to centre stage to experiment with new methods of regulating for engagement. Using original, co-produced research, the book innovatively explores how we can better use a ‘bottom-up’ approach to design regulatory regimes that recognise the capabilities of communities at the margins and powerfully support the knowledge, passions and creativity of citizens. The book provides essential guidance for all those working on co-produced research to make impactful change.
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Lidström, Anders. Swedish Local and Regional Government in a European Context. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.51.
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Although Swedish local government shares a set of traits that are common to all other European local government systems, it stands out, in many respects, as unique. The particular combination of local responsibility for costly tax-financed national welfare policies, strong and mainly nationally organized political parties at local level, consistent decision-making collectivism, and a type of representative democracy that leaves little room for means of direct democracy make Sweden different. These features are intertwined, reflecting core values of the Scandinavian welfare model. Although many of them have been challenged during recent decades, popular support for the welfare system remains strong.
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de Melo-Martín, Inmaculada, and Kristen Intemann. Lessons Learned and New Directions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190869229.003.0011.
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This concluding chapter revisits the main topics of the book and emphasizes the need to reframe the problem of normatively inappropriate dissent (NID). It contends that limiting attention to the role that problematic dissent plays in undermining support for particular policies and actions is both misguided and dangerous. It calls for a reframing of the problem in ways that are likely to be more fruitful in trying to address the problems that can stem from NID, such as developing scientific and institutional practices that promote warranted public trust in science and encouraging better ways to engage in discussions with all relevant parties about the values at stake in various policy decisions.
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Esteban Salvador, María Luisa, Tiziana Di Cimbrini, Emilia Fernandes, Gonca Güngör Göksu, and Charlotte Smith. Corporate governance in sports organizations: A gendered approach. Final report 2022. Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad de Zaragoza, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-18321-53-5.
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The project “Corporate governance in sports organizations: A gendered approach” (hereinafter the GESPORT project) seeks to strengthen equality between men and women in the areas of decision-making in sports organizations in Europe. The project’s primary aim is to improve women’s access to the governing board of all sports federations under Erasmus+ sports actions. In other words, the GESPORT project aims to advance knowledge about female presence in strategic decision-making and, by doing this, contribute to the European policies for enhancing and supporting good governance in sports. Herein we have defined gender in binary terms, as “male” and “female”. However, we recognize that these are ambiguous terms to which not everyone can or wishes to be assigned. Therefore, we reflect more on the issue of non-binary as a social identity and transgender in sport later in the background section of the report following the introduction.
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Stapleton, Jane. Three Essays on Torts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893734.001.0001.
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These essays champion tort scholarship that puts the judges at centre stage: what they do, how they understand their role, the heterogeneous reasons they give for their decisions, and their constitutional responsibility to identify and articulate the ‘living’ and ‘evolving’ common law. This is ‘reflexive tort scholarship’. Reflexive tort scholars seek dialogue with Bench and Bar. Their approach is very different from the currently fashionable academic search for ‘Grand Theories’ that descriptively assert that tort law is fundamentally ‘all about one thing’, a unifying idea that alone explains and justifies the whole of tort law. The book illustrates the advantages and pay-offs of the reflexive style of scholarship by showing how it illuminates various key features of tort law. Essay 2 identifies a principle of tort law (the ‘cooperative principle’) that is latent in the cases and that vindicates the value of collaborative human arrangements. Identifying this principle calls into question, in disputes between commercial parties, the reasoning used to support one of the most entrenched lines of authority in tort law—that based on the famous case of Hedley Byrne v Heller. Essay 3 deploys the reflexive method to argue that the iconic ‘but-for’ test of factual causation is inadequate and narrower than the concept actually utilised in the cases. Application of the method also prompts a reassessment of the ‘scope of duty’ concept and of the appropriate characterisation of the much-discussed decision in SAAMCO. These essays clearly demonstrate the value of scholarship that ‘takes the judges seriously’.
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Elkarib, Asha K. Gender Assessment of Political Parties' Internal Regulations in Sudan. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.65.
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Political parties are considered gatekeepers for women’s access to political positions, as they play an important role in institutionalizing women’s inclusion in politics. Ensuring that political parties in Sudan play an active role in the advancement of gender equality and the enhancement of women’s political participation is particularly important as Sudan prepares for its transition to democracy. This Report examines political parties’ internal policies and structures and their impact on women’s access to positions of power and decision-making at all levels, starting from within the political parties themselves. By scrutinizing parties’ constitutions, manifestos and various policy documents, the report highlights how women participate in political parties and the extent to which political parties support gender equality.
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Jonathan, O’Donohue. Part I Context, Challenges, and Constraints, 6 The ICC and the ASP. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705161.003.0006.
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The ASP performs a range of administrative oversight, legislative, and other functions which are essential to the effective functioning of the ICC. In its first 12 sessions, the Assembly has made significant progress towards implementing these functions, as well as other efforts to support the work of the ICC and the realization of the Rome Statute system. It has inter alia developed the Independent Oversight Mechanism (IOM), innovative systems to elect ICC officials, and mechanisms to respond to non-cooperation. Nevertheless, there are a number of aspects of the Assembly’s approaches and decisions which threaten to undermine the work of the ICC, including the independence of the Prosecutor and the judges. This chapter examines how, in discharging its functions, the Assembly has both positively and negatively affected the law and practice of the Court.
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Kobrin, Sarah C., and Alex Conway. Treatment for Early Stage Prostate Cancer. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0017.
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Men diagnosed with early stage prostate cancer will very likely survive many years after their prostate cancer treatment, regardless of which standard treatment is used. This case study describes a situation in which all standard treatments are supported by evidence but side effects vary greatly. In this situation, a partnership is needed between the doctor and the patient to choose the best option. This case study gives a brief overview of the complexities of choosing a treatment for early state prostate cancer and how implementation science is needed to (1) consider effectiveness and implementation together and (2) identify factors that inhibit and enhance the implementation and sustainability of shared decision-making.
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Rouse, William B. Failure Management. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870999.001.0001.
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Failures are common phenomena in civilization. Things fail and society responds, often very slowly, sometimes inappropriately. What kinds of things go wrong? Why do they go wrong? How do people and organizations react to failures? What are the best ways to react? This book addresses these questions. The analytic approach to these questions is case based and addresses 18 well-known cases of failures. A multi-level framework is employed to integrate findings across the case studies. These findings are employed to outline a conceptual approach to integrated failure management. The overarching conclusion is that the conceptual design of an integrated approach to failure management can encompass all of the 18 case studies. They all would have benefitted from the same conceptual decision support architecture. This enables cross-cutting system design principles and practices, assuring that failure management in every new domain and context need not start with a blank slate.
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Bogusz, Barbara, and Roger Sexton. Complete Land Law. 7th ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198869009.001.0001.
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Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This edition of Complete Land Law combines clear commentary and explanation of the subject in relation to land law with essential extracts from legislation and cases. A wide range of extracts is included, providing convenient and reliable access to all the materials needed. The book employs a number of pedagogical features aimed at explaining land law in a straightforward way; it includes diagrams to explain key procedures, definitions throughout the book to explain legal terms, case studies, thinking points with suggested answers, review questions, and summary points at the end of the chapter to support the student new to the subject. This edition discusses some of the latest case law in the area of land law, including: the Supreme Court’s decision in Alexander Devine Children’s Cancer Trust v Housing Solutions Ltd (2020) on the modification of restrictive freehold covenants; the High Court’s decision in Howe v Gossop (2021) on proprietary estoppel; and Ali v Dinc (2020) on priorities.
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Owen, Gareth, Sir Simon Wessely, and Sir Simon Wessely, eds. Mental health law. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199661701.003.0010.
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This chapter gives an overview of mental health law. Whilst focusing on the legal specifics in England and Wales, the underlying ethical issues extend to all jurisdictions. It explains the duties that law places on health systems and clinicians to support patients to make decisions about their own health. However, it also explains the legal frameworks in place for children and people with mental illness, brain injuries, learning disabilities, dementia, or personality disorder who may require clinicians to decide their health care. Basic concepts of the Mental Health Act 1983, the Mental Capacity Act 2005, and the Children Act 1989 are described, and parts of the law that psychiatrists need to know are presented concisely and in psychiatric context. The chapter includes a practical approach to mental capacity assessment.
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Grewal, J. S. Failure of the Compromise. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0022.
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On the basis of the Regional Formula, Pepsu was merged with the Punjab and the new state was inaugurated on 1 November 1956. The other provisions of the Regional Formula were diluted or indefinitely delayed. Apart from the ‘Save Hindi’ agitation, Master Tara Singh differed widely with Nehru on three major issues. The first related to their understanding about the number of seats to be given to the Akali candidates. The second issue was the defection of Gian Singh Rarewala to join the Congress before the decision of the Akali Dal in favour of merger. The third issue was Nehru’s all-out support to Partap Singh Kairon despite serious charges of misuse of office. By October 1958, the Regional Formula was dead so far as Master Tara Singh was concerned.
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Thomas, David F. M. Disorders of sex development. Edited by David F. M. Thomas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0124.
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The aetiology of disorders of sex development (DSD) is multifactorial and includes chromosomal defects, developmental abnormalities of the gonads, and defects of hormonal synthesis and expression. Infants born with ambiguous genitalia require urgent investigation because of the risk of hyponatraemia associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and to permit an informed decision on gender assignment. CAH is the commonest form of DSD, accounting for around 80% of all infants born with ambiguous genitalia. Despite controversy regarding timing and consent, feminizing genitoplasty in early childhood remains the accepted management for girls with significant clitoromegaly. Surgical reconstruction for 46XY DSD is guided by several factors, notably the size of the phallus and gonadal phenotype. The majority of individuals with disorders of sex development will require ongoing specialist care and long-term multidisciplinary follow-up and support.
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Donaghy, Michael. Principles of neurological rehabilitation. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0160.
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Neurology has an undeserved reputation for being a speciality where diagnosis requires great intellectual effort, although from which little therapeutic intervention flows. The reader will form their own opinion about the difficulty of making diagnoses, but now neurological rehabilitation can offer all patients great help subsequently. Other chapters discuss the roles of specific medical and surgical treatments in transforming neurological patients’ lives; this chapter discusses the role of neurological rehabilitation in focusing primarily on reducing limitations on patient activities rather than by detailing the specific nature of these individual interventions.Neurological rehabilitation can be defined as a process that aims to optimize a person’s participation in society and sense of well-being. This definition highlights several important features: rehabilitation is not a particular type of intervention; the focus is on the patient as a person; the goals relate to social functioning, as well as health or well-being; it is not a process restricted to patients who may recover, partially or completely, but applies to all patients left with long-term problems. The contrast to traditional neurology is in the broader scope, extending well away from the underlying pathology but always being fully informed by the paramount importance of the primary diagnosis.This chapter will start by giving a fuller description of rehabilitation in terms of structure, represented by the resources needed, process, consisting of what happens, and outcome, defined by the goals. Subsequently the general evidence supporting neurological rehabilitation as a process is reviewed. It is not practicable to review the wide range of high class randomized controlled trial evidence investigating different and detailed aspects of the process. Some specific diseases and specific clinical problems are considered in Section 6.4.Neurological rehabilitation has a sound theoretical and conceptual basis derived from the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Functioning, the WHO ICF (Wade and Halligan 2004) and from a general problem-solving approach (Wade 2005). There is strong evidence supporting its effectiveness as a process, and reasonable evidence in support of some specific treatments. The approach of neurological rehabilitation extends the intellectual challenge of neurology; in most clinical situations the physician and the wider rehabilitation team have to make pragmatic decisions based on incomplete information concerning many important factors.
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Trestman, Robert L. Transition of pharmacology from community to corrections. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0019.
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Psychopharmacology in general is a challenging field that includes much art as well as science. Clinicians usually depend upon self-report in making decisions regarding medication selection and dosing. When a patient becomes incarcerated, there are multiple potentially conflicting, or synergistic, situations. There are issues of different formularies, different environmental stressors, changed support groups, and practice patterns that all may contribute differentially to medication management decisions. Current community medications may have been determined while ongoing illicit drug use confounded the diagnostic picture. Collaboration between clinician and patient may have been poor, and subsequently treatment adherence may in turn have been marginal. Many similar issues apply when a patient transfers from a jail to a prison or from one prison to another. Preparation and review of transfer summary sheets and more detailed records are just as important in these situations and should be seen as the minimum standard in policy and in practice. Ideally, continuity of care, and any concerns about diagnosis or treatment are best shared through direct communication. A telephone exchange between treating psychiatrists is always better than simple written documentation. This chapter discusses both the issues and pragmatic management opportunities that can lead to improved patient care and enhanced functioning.
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Cascarini, Luke, Clare Schilling, Ben Gurney, and Peter Brennan. Oxford Handbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198767817.001.0001.
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This new edition of Oxford Handbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery has been fully updated to cover the current guidelines and research in the field of OMFS. Splitting vital knowledge into sections based on clinical areas, this handbook uses bulleted lists and summary boxes to make the information easily searchable. Chapters on ‘in the clinic’, ‘in the theatre’, and ‘on the ward’ cover all common complaints and presentations that the reader can expect to encounter in their daily activities, and a dedicated section to emergencies provides clear advice. Common drugs and dental materials are covered as a quick reference guide. With OMFS now part of the Core Training programme for surgical trainees, the handbook ensures a solid grasp of the basics and fundamentals to help support decision making for junior doctors, dental foundation trainees, specialist nurses, and medical and dental students.
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Krist, Alex H., and Vivian Jiang. Provider-Level Factors Influencing Implementation. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0016.
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Cancer treatment is increasingly complex. The tools for diagnosis, staging, and predicting prognosis are rapidly evolving, as are the therapies, treatment modalities, and treatment protocols. The complexity of care, the need for a multidisciplinary team across settings, and patient-level factors all present providers with a unique set of challenges. The three case studies presented in this chapter explore strategies that help providers by (1) ensuring low-income patients with breast cancer receive care consistent with guidelines through patient engagement and navigation, (2) promoting and incorporating the routine use of shared decision-making in determining prostate cancer treatment, and (3) supporting the adoption of concurrent palliative care for patients with advanced cancer. The specific challenges and needs for future implementation science are highlighted throughout each case.
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Freilich, Charles D. Israel’s Classic Defense Doctrine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602932.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 presents the “Ben-Gurion doctrine,” formulated in the 1950s, the closest Israel has to a formal defense doctrine, which still informs its strategic thinking today. The doctrine viewed the Arab-Israeli conflict as uniquely long, bitter, all-encompassing, and existential and considered Israel’s geography a strategic nightmare, making it a vulnerable state with indefensible borders. It stressed the fundamental strategic asymmetries with the Arabs, including territorial and population size, economic resources, staying power, military objectives and capabilities, and diplomatic support. The strategic response it proposed called for “a nation in arms” and was based on “three pillars,” deterrence, early warning, and military decision, and on a defensive strategy to be executed offensively, by transferring the battle to enemy territory. It further emphasized the pursuit of peace as a foremost strategic objective, the need for great power alliances but strategic autonomy, and the importance of nation-building.
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Bedock, Camille. You Win Some, You Lose Some. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779582.003.0007.
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In 2011, Ireland seemed to have all the conditions to enable the redesigning of its institutions. The agenda of institutional reform was both imposed upon Irish elites and utilized by them during their campaigns in times of economic crisis and electoral recomposition, but the politicians chose to implement multiple processes of reform separately from each other. Some reforms were conducted primarily by the government, while others were externalized to a device called the Constitutional Convention. The agenda of institutional reforms resulted in three sets of outcomes: one which saw the successful adoption of many small, consensual reforms in the parliament with the support of the parliamentary majority; one where the referendum hurdle proved fatal for (what were initially) consensual reforms driven exclusively by the majority; and one which saw the delegation of the most divisive reforms to an external body, in order to delay the need for a decision.
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Rademaker, Linnea L., and Elena Y. Polush. Evaluation and Action Research. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197620823.001.0001.
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Today’s societies require research approaches that are creative, responsive to the complexity of human interactions, sensitive to cultural and contextual diversity, inclusive in all processes, rooted in engagement and critical dispositions, and situated within local contexts. Action research and evaluation are human inquiries into human-designed and -populated systems. Both modes of inquiry generate actionable data in specific contexts to facilitate positive social change and to further social justice. This book explores the potential of integrating action research and evaluation frameworks in order to push the barriers that prevent knowledge creation and knowledge democracy. Knowledge is created constantly by those in real-world settings and practical contexts. Practitioners can make and use knowledge to inform practice and decisions and to include stakeholders in ethical ways for sustainability of organizations. The integrated framework presented in this book supports knowledge democracy, ethical practices, and stakeholder inclusion for a more just world. These practices are useful for leaders or practitioners charged with investigating problems in their context.
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SINGH, Dr PREETI. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. KAAV PUBLICATIONS, DELHI, INDIA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842499.eb.
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The book offers a global platform for the academia to elevate their image as internationally acclaimed scholars, as it reaches the nook and the corner of the globe online. Researchers can also ripe the benefit of enriching their study by submitting manuscripts to the editorial board that comprises scholars with proven abilities and established research track record. All the articles submitted for publication are subjected to rigorous single blinded peer review to ensure its quality before it gets published. Authors’ scholarly work undergoes critical scrutiny by experts in the same subject to check for scientific validity, relevance and accuracy. Upon getting the final approval from the editorial board members, their decision on acceptance or rejection will be informed via E-mail. The Book supports open access publishing model to maximize the visibility of the published research. Authors can track the article status from the Editorial Manager System of the Book which allows authors to submit article, track status and respond to reviewers’ comments and revision requests.