Academic literature on the topic 'Supporti alla decisione'
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Journal articles on the topic "Supporti alla decisione"
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Puletti, N., A. Floris, G. Scrinzi, F. Chianucci, G. Colle, T. Michelini, N. Pedot, A. Penasa, S. Scalercio, and P. Corona. "CFOR: a spatial decision support system dedicated to forest management in Calabria." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor2363-014.
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Della Spina, Lucia, Raffaele Scrivo, Claudia Ventura, and Angela Viglianisi. "The Culture of Evaluation to Improve the Airport Competitiveness of the Metropolitan City of the Strait: Analysis of Alternative Scenarios of Connection." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 3381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.3381.
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Questo articolo illustra una proposta metodologica e una applicazione combinata di metodo Delphi e un Hierarchy Process nalytic (AHP) . Sono strumenti a supporto delle decisioni - a causa, rispettivamente gli scenari avvicinano e Multicriter ho una decisione Analisi - e hanno lo scopo di affrontare i problemi e processi in cui le scelte hanno una natura complessa e un ambito strategico. Proponiamo un processo di valutazione combinata: Delphi- multicriterio - progettato per superare alcune debolezze degli approcci alla scenari e multi-criteri, mentre il consolidamento e la convalida dall'esperienza empirica e la letteratura. Particolare enfasi è posta sul nodo della partecipazione delle parti interessate nel processo decisionale cruciale, normalmente conferiti momento tecnico e gestito da analista-decisore. Per quanto riguarda l'area di riferimento, per il ragionamento teorico e la sua applicazione ad un caso concreto, ha sarà dato risalto al problema della scelta tra scenari alternativi che collegano il miglioramento dell'aeroporto della Città Metropolitana di (Italia) competitività della Stretto.
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Arjun Nainggolan, Annisa Siregar, and Mesran Mesran. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penilaian Indeks Kinerja Sales Marketing Menerapkan Metode MOORA." Hello World Jurnal Ilmu Komputer 1, no. 3 (October 18, 2022): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56211/helloworld.v1i3.125.
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PT. ALFA SCORPII is a company that works in the sale of YAMAHA brand motorcycles. In this case PT. ALFA SCORPII requires sales marketing to be able to introduce the company's products. Problems that are often faced by PT. ALFA SCORPII is not optimal in sales marketing work in terms of introducing company products. As a result, the company may experience a decrease in revenue. One way that companies need to be able to increase sales marketing even more is that a decision support system is needed using the MOORA method. The MOORA method is a method that has a level of flexibility and ease that can be understood in separating the subjective part of an evaluation into decision criteria and decision attributes. The MOORA method can make decisions with the resulting model to solve a problem. This method is used because it can take a decision that can assess the performance of sales marketing. If the sales marketing gets the best performance assessment, then the sales marketing will get a bonus from the company. From the results calculated on the Sales Marketing Performance Index assessment, the alternative result A1 with a value of 0.4272 on behalf of Budian Arifin was obtained
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Bianchi, M., G. Bovio, A. Camia, P. Cantiani, P. Corona, F. Ferretti, A. Francesetti, A. Lamonaca, and L. Portoghesi. "“ProgettoBosco”: a decision-support system as educational tool at the University level." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2006): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0341-0030091.
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Rossitti, Marco, and Francesca Torrieri. "Action research for the conservation of architectural heritage in mariginal areas: the role of evaluation / La ricerca azione per la conservazione del patrimonio architettonico in aree marginali: il ruolo della valutazione." Valori e Valutazioni 30 (August 2022): 3–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48264/vvsiev-20223002.
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The recognition of the key role of architectural heritage for sustainable territorial development has pushed the scientific community to give more importance to the involvement of local communities in conservation choices and practices. However, despite the recognition of the benefits deriving from the active participation of local communities in the field of conservation, in practice, this involvement is still marginal and linked to experiences without institutional support. This phenomenon is due to different causes, such as the lack of a participatory culture in conservation. It finds its roots in a conventional approach to architectural heritage conservation merely based on an “expert knowledge”. Consequently, there is an urgent need for approaches and tools to manage the complexity of decisions about conservation, which require close collaboration between local communities, research, and institutions. In this context, the paper aims to investigate the role of the action-research approach in fostering the participation of local communities in conservation processes, especially in marginal areas, where the demographic shrinking dynamics make even more necessary both the institutions’ intervention and the communities’ engagement. Based on these premises, starting from an analysis of recent experiences, the contribution dwells on the need to support the implementation of action-research approaches for the conservation of architectural heritage in marginal areas, paying particular attention to the role of evaluation. More in detail, in the first part of the paper, a reflection on the importance of community involvement for heritage conservation is proposed based on the main documents on the topic. In the second part, the main features of the action-research approach and its strengths and weaknesses have been analyzed through a literature review of action-research experiences applied to architectural heritage at a global level. The analyses have highlighted how most of these experiences are born from spontaneous initiatives, without institutional and methodological support, in which the role of evaluation is still marginal. Therefore, in the final part, the paper proposes a first methodological framework based on integrating action research with the main evaluation tools developed in the scientific literature to support the different phases of the decision-making process. This framework, suitably declined according to the specificities of the case study treated, can represent a valid support for implementing and transposing the research-action approach for heritage conservation in an institutional context. Il riconoscimento del ruolo chiave del patrimonio architettonico per uno sviluppo territoriale sostenibile ha spinto la comunità scientifica ad attribuire maggiore importanza al coinvolgimento delle comunità locali nelle scelte e pratiche di conservazione. Tuttavia, nonostante il riconoscimento dei benefici derivanti dalla partecipazione attiva delle comunità locali in ambito conservativo, nella pratica tale coinvolgimento risulta ancora marginale e legato ad esperienze prive di supporto istituzionale. Tale fenomeno è ascrivibile a molteplici cause, tra cui la mancanza di una cultura della partecipazione, che affonda le sue radici nell’approccio convenzionale alla conservazione del patrimonio architettonico basato sulla sola “conoscenza esperta”, e la conseguente carenza di approcci e strumenti capaci di gestire la complessità delle scelte legate alla conservazione in cui, invece, si richiede una stretta collaborazione tra comunità locali, mondo della ricerca e istituzioni. Il presente contributo mira ad indagare il ruolo dell’approccio della ricerca azione nel favorire la partecipazione delle comunità locali ai processi di conservazione soprattutto nelle aree marginali, dove le dinamiche di contra- zione demografica in atto rendono ancora più necessario sia l’intervento delle istituzioni, che la partecipazione delle comunità. Sulla scorta di tali premesse, partendo da un’analisi delle esperienze in corso, il contributo si sofferma sulla necessità di supportare l’implementazione di approcci alla ricerca-azione per la conservazione del patrimonio architettonico in aree marginali, ponendo parti- colare attenzione al ruolo della valutazione per il raggiungimento di tale obiettivo. Nello specifico, nella prima parte del contributo si propone una riflessione sull’importanza del coinvolgimento delle comunità per la conservazione del patrimonio sulla base delle principali carte e trattati sul tema. Nella seconda parte sono state, poi, analizzate le principali caratteristiche dell’approccio alla ricerca-azione ed i suoi punti di forze e di debolezza rispetto alle finalità preposte attraverso una literature review delle esperienze di ricerca azione applicate al patrimonio architettonico a livello globale. Le analisi condotte hanno portato ad evidenziare come la maggior parte delle esperienze analizzate nasca da iniziative spontanee, prive di un supporto istituzionale e metodologico, in cui il ruolo della valutazione è ancora marginale. Pertanto, nella parte finale della riflessione si propone una prima proposta di framework metodologico basato sul- l’integrazione della ricerca azione con i principali strumenti di valutazione sviluppati in letteratura al fine di supportare le differenti fasi del processo decisionale. Tale framework, opportunamente declinato secondo le specificità del caso studio trattato, può rappresentare un valido supporto per l’implementazione e la trasposizione in ambito istituzionale dell’approccio alla ricerca-azione per la conservazione del patrimonio.
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Locurcio, Marco, Francesco Paolo Del Giudice, Debora Anelli, Francesco Tajani, and Debora Anelli. "An asset allocation model for defining optimal property portfolios in terms of risk/return." Valori e Valutazioni 29 (January 2022): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48264/vvsiev-20212905.
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The widespread uncertainty that characterizes the current world economic situation has also influenced the real estate market, leading investors towards generally lower risk profiles and more stable returns. However, in the absence of adequate skills, it is difficult to carefully manage the main risks factors which occur during the decision-making process. The aim of the research is to define and implement an asset allocation evaluation model able to support public and private investors for the identification of the most suitable allocation of limited financial resources for core/core plus real estate investments. The computational logic of goal programming is applied for detecting the optimal composition of property portfolios in terms of risk/return. The proposed model has been implemented to an Italian case study, proving to be a valid support tool in the definition of efficient real estate investment strategies. L’instabile congiuntura economica ha determinato un atteggiamento prudente degli investitori immobiliari pubblici e privati, indirizzandoli verso strategie di allocazione delle risorse caratterizzate da rischi contenuti e da rendimenti costanti. Nonostante ciò, i fattori di rischio che possono influenzare la performance di un portafoglio immobiliare sono molteplici e spesso difficilmente gestibili senza le competenze adeguate. L’obiettivo della presente ricerca riguarda la definizione e la sperimentazione di un asset allocation model che, attraverso la logica e gli algoritmi del Goal Programming, possa supportare il generico investitore – dotato di budget finanziario prestabilito e interessato ad investimenti di tipo core e core-plus - nel complesso processo decisionale finalizzato alla costruzione di portafogli immobiliari “ottimali” in termini di rischio/rendimento. I risultati ottenuti dall’applicazione a un ipotetico caso studio inerente a immobili ubicati nel contesto territoriale italiano, evidenziano le potenzialità del modello proposto, quale valido strumento di supporto alle decisioni nella definizione di strategie d’investimento immobiliare efficienti.
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Morales, Narkis S., Ignacio C. Fernández, Leonardo P. Durán, and Waldo A. Pérez-Martínez. "RePlant Alfa: Integrating Google Earth Engine and R Coding to Support the Identification of Priority Areas for Ecological Restoration." Land 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020303.
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Land degradation and climate change are among the main threats to the sustainability of ecosystems worldwide. As a result, the restoration of degraded landscapes is essential to maintaining the functionality of ecosystems, especially those with greater social, economic, and environmental vulnerability. Nevertheless, policymakers are frequently challenged by deciding where to prioritize restoration actions, which usually includes dealing with multiple and complex needs under an always limited budget. If these decisions are not taken based on proper data and processes, restoration implementation can easily fail. In order to help decision-makers take informed decisions on where to implement restoration activities, we have developed a semiautomatic geospatial platform to prioritize areas for restoration activities based on ecological, social, and economic variables. This platform takes advantage of the potential to integrate R coding, Google Earth Engine cloud computing, and GIS visualization services to generate an interactive geospatial decision-maker tool for restoration. Here, we present a prototype version called “RePlant alpha”, which was tested with data from the Central Zone of Chile. This exercise proved that integrating R and GEE was feasible, and that the analysis with at least six indicators for a specific region was also feasible to implement even from a personal computer. Therefore, the use of a virtual machine in the cloud with a large number of indicators over large areas is both possible and practical.
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Monacciani, Fabiana. "Dall'analisi dell'incertezza alla valutazione del rischio di investimento." RIV Rassegna Italiana di Valutazione, no. 46 (April 2011): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riv2010-046006.
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Valutare correttamente l'incertezza associata alle variabili "critiche" da cui dipende l'esito finale di un investimento pubblico č un problema cruciale in tutti quei casi in cui l'operatore pubblico non sia in grado di controllare, attraverso i consueti strumenti di governo dell'economia, le dinamiche di dette variabili, dinamiche che, invece, dipendono fortemente da comportamenti e scelte di altri operatori. Tale circostanza si presenta comunemente nel caso di valutazione degli investimenti "di sviluppo", per i quali si ha un livello di incertezza molto elevato e con impatti determinanti sull'esito della valutazione, ma una scarsa disponibilitŕ di informazioni relative al comportamento delle variabili aleatorie da cui dipende l'esito finale dell'investimento. In una situazione di questo tipo, il ricorso diretto al metodo di Monte Carlo a supporto dell'analisi di rischio potrebbe portare, a nostro avviso, a conclusioni errate. Piuttosto che rinunciare completamente a tale valutazione, a nostro avviso č necessario svolgere una preventiva analisi dell'incertezza, grazie alla quale sia possibile generare tutte le informazioni necessarie alla successiva analisi del rischio. A tal scopo, il lavoro presenta un possibile percorso valutativo da utilizzare con particolare riferimento per gli investimenti pubblici di sviluppo che, attraverso una serie di passaggi, consenta dapprima di comprendere i margini di incertezza entro cui deve essere presa la decisione di investimento e, successivamente, permetta di pervenire ad una stima del grado di rischio associato, nel suo complesso, alla realizzazione dell'opera, generando inoltre indicazioni utili per definire ulteriori interventi di mitigazione del rischio stesso. Il percorso valutativo si articola in quattro passi disposti a cascata, basati sul ricorso a tecniche differenziate ed articolate in modo tale che, a ciascun passo, si generino nuove informazioni utili per lo svolgimento di quello successivo. Un percorso cosě delineato, consente di ampliare le informazioni generate dal processo valutativo e garantire maggiore trasparenza nel processo decisionale.
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Pajardi, Daniela, Carlo Trionfi, Viviana La Spada, Stephanie Castoldi, Claudia Rubis, and Monia Vagni. "La decisione del giudice di fronte all'alta conflittualità genitoriale: quando ricorrere alla coordinazione genitoriale." MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 3 (December 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2019-003007.
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Sempre più spesso le separazioni altamente conflittuali richiedono l'intervento del Tribunale per tutelare l'interesse dei minori. La letteratura internazionale, infatti, mostra come l'esposizione ad alti livelli di conflittualità genitoriale sia un fattore di rischio per i figli. Si propongono alcuni indicatori di conflittualità, rischio evolutivo e capacità di cura dei bisogni dei figli, come supporto, per il giudice e gli operatori, nella scelta degli interventi giudiziari e psicosociali più idonei. Si delineano vantaggi e finalità di interventi tradizionali (come la consulenza tecnica d'ufficio e la mediazione) e dell'innovativa pratica della coordinazione genitoriale.
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Puca, Antonio. "Il caso di Nancy Beth Cruzan." Medicina e Morale 41, no. 5 (October 31, 1992): 911–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1992.1091.
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L'eutanasia costituisce un nodo bioetico "caldo" in un dibattito che si svolge a vari livelli: medico, bioetico, legale, di mass-media. Il presente lavoro affronta, al riguardo, uno dei casi più noti di pratica eutanasica: quello di Nancy Cruzan, la donna statunitense che, in seguito a grave incidente nel 1983, è rimasta in stato vegetativo persistente attaccata alle macchine di supporto vitale, fino alla morte nel 1990 avvenuta in seguito alla decisione di un giudice - su richiesta dei familiari - distaccarla dai citati strumentati. Dopo una premessa storica della vicenda, il lavoro si addentra nell'iter giudiziario che ha preceduto il "caso Cruzan" e prende in esame le affermazioni del magistero cattolico sull'eutanasia ed il dibattito teologico in atto. Lo studio affronta, inoltre, la valutazione etica dell'eutanasia argomentando una serie di quesiti: se staccare i tubi dell'alimentazione/idratazione sia eutanasia; se il proseguirla sia accanimento terapeutico; se l'alimentazione/idratazione siano trattamenti medici o cure; il rapporto costi-benefici; il valore della volontà del paziente ed il ruolo dei familiari; il valore della vita. Il lavoro si conclude con l'affermazione che nel "caso Cruzan" siano state privilegiate l'opinione e l'interesse proprio rispetto alla verità. Segno eloquente il silenzio che è seguito alla morte di Nancy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supporti alla decisione"
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Iovane, Gerardo. "Metodi, modelli e tecnologie avanzate per l'innovazione di sistemi di supporto alle decisioni in scenari ad alta complessità." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1291.
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2010 - 2011Oggi le metodologie matematiche innovative, proprie della teoria della complessità e le tecnologie informatiche, nel contesto del softcomputing, possono fornire un utile supporto per lo studio, la definizione e successiva realizzazione di strumenti di supporto alle decisioni. Tali sistemi di supporto alle decisioni possono essere in grado di fornire non soltanto, come accadeva nel passato, la migliore decisione relativa ad una data tematica, ma soprattutto una strategia decisionale in grado di permettere il raggiungimento di un prefissato obiettivo, utilizzando traiettorie decisionali ottime. Mentre nel passato, l’informatica era in grado di fornire un decisore elettronico, oggi grazie alla teoria della complessità opportunamente impiegata in infrastrutture tecnologiche di softcomputing è possibile ottenere strumenti innovativi utili alla pianificazione; fornendo, altresì, non solo una decisione, che normalmente è già nota all’esperto di un dato settore, ma anche e soprattutto una strategia decisionale frutto della competizione di un grande numero di soluzioni possibili simulate just in time. Inoltre, molto spesso, il decisore deve condividire le sue scelte con altri enti o entità deputate ad altre funzioni, quindi la soluzione innovativa qui proposta permette la costruzione di strategie decisionali ottime sia singolarmente che rispetto ad un decisore di governance, di management ed operational, che sia in un dato ente o che sia distribuito su più enti. Il risultato è uno studio che dopo aver inquadrato le tematiche generali sulla teoria dei giochi, i modelli di descrizione della complessità ed i processi stocastici self-similari, la teoria della decisione, i sistemi di supporto alle decisioni, le diverse metodologie e tecnologie del soft-computing, analizza gli aspetti salienti e di dettaglio per la realizzazione di un motore computazionale innovativo ed avanzato di supporto alle decisioni in ambito complesso per fornire specifica risposta all’obiettivo offrendo elementi di dettaglio e di esempio per una specifica realizzazione in diversi ambiti applicativi, grazie al suo potere di astrazione. [a cura dell'autore]
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Genghini, Luca. "Supporto alle decisioni multistadio: il caso del Fantacalcio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18516/.
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Obiettivo di questa tesi è lo sviluppo e la creazione di un sistema di supporto alle decisioni per il Fantacalcio flessibile e computerizzato, basato su un approccio di programmazione, con lo scopo di proporre ai fanta-allenatori i giocatori migliori per la loro squadra. Il programma deve essere in grado di effettuare delle previsioni di rendimento future, sulla base di valutazioni passate, riguardanti tutti i calciatori partecipanti al campionato di Serie A.
Lo scopo di tale sistema è quello di riuscire a predire la rosa fantacalcistica statisticamente più promettente, basandosi sulle suddette previsioni, e supportare l’utente per tutta la durata dell’asta iniziale di creazione della rosa.
I sistemi di previsione e i modelli matematici saranno combinati in un sistema di supporto decisionale con un’interfaccia grafica utente amichevole.
Il Fantacalcio è un gioco popolare, basato sul campionato di calcio italiano di Serie A, nel quale i partecipanti formano delle squadre immaginarie composte da giocatori reali che, grazie alle loro prestazioni effettive, portano al loro fanta-allenatore dei punti.
Il primo passo è la composizione delle rose. Ogni utente ha a propria disposizione un budget limitato per acquistare un determinato numero di giocatori per ogni ruolo. Per ognuno di essi si prende parte ad un’asta e, qualora l’acquisto andasse a buon fine, diminuirebbero gli slot della rosa da riempire ed i crediti residui a disposizione. Ad ogni giocatore del campionato italiano di Serie A viene assegnato un ruolo, basato su quello che ricopre nella vita reale, assieme ad un valore monetario, espresso in fanta-milioni.
Il progetto è stato eseguito in quattro fasi principali: le prime due riguardano la parte relativa alla pre-ottimizzazione, la terza riguarda l’ottimizzazione vera e propria, e l’ultima lo sviluppo dell’interfaccia utente. Tali fasi sono poi descritte ed analizzate nei vari capitoli componenti questo documento.
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Rossi, Francesca <1988>. "Sistemi di supporto alle decisioni: logistica distributiva in Pam Panorama s.p.a." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1773.
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Piani, Jacopo <1988>. "Sviluppo di metodologie innovative di supporto decisionale alla progettazione basate su indicatori di prestazione." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7024/1/Piani_Jacopo_tesi.pdf.
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Il progetto di ricerca è finalizzato allo sviluppo di una metodologia innovativa di supporto decisionale nel processo di selezione tra alternative progettuali, basata su indicatori di prestazione. In particolare il lavoro si è focalizzato sulla definizione d’indicatori atti a supportare la decisione negli interventi di sbottigliamento di un impianto di processo. Sono stati sviluppati due indicatori, “bottleneck indicators”, che permettono di valutare la reale necessità dello sbottigliamento, individuando le cause che impediscono la produzione e lo sfruttamento delle apparecchiature. Questi sono stati validati attraverso l’applicazione all’analisi di un intervento su un impianto esistente e verificando che lo sfruttamento delle apparecchiature fosse correttamente individuato. Definita la necessità dell’intervento di sbottigliamento, è stato affrontato il problema della selezione tra alternative di processo possibili per realizzarlo. È stato applicato alla scelta un metodo basato su indicatori di sostenibilità che consente di confrontare le alternative considerando non solo il ritorno economico degli investimenti ma anche gli impatti su ambiente e sicurezza, e che è stato ulteriormente sviluppato in questa tesi. Sono stati definiti due indicatori, “area hazard indicators”, relativi alle emissioni fuggitive, per integrare questi aspetti nell’analisi della sostenibilità delle alternative. Per migliorare l’accuratezza nella quantificazione degli impatti è stato sviluppato un nuovo modello previsionale atto alla stima delle emissioni fuggitive di un impianto, basato unicamente sui dati disponibili in fase progettuale, che tiene conto delle tipologie di sorgenti emettitrici, dei loro meccanismi di perdita e della manutenzione. Validato mediante il confronto con dati sperimentali di un impianto produttivo, si è dimostrato che tale metodo è indispensabile per un corretto confronto delle alternative poiché i modelli esistenti sovrastimano eccessivamente le emissioni reali. Infine applicando gli indicatori ad un impianto esistente si è dimostrato che sono fondamentali per semplificare il processo decisionale, fornendo chiare e precise indicazioni impiegando un numero limitato di informazioni per ricavarle.The research project was finalized to develop an innovative decision support system based on key performance indicators for the choice among process alternatives. In particular, the project was focused on the definition of indicators able to support decisions in the debottlenecking of a process plant. Two indicators that allow evaluating the need and the potentialities for debottlenecking, identifying the causes of production losses and the utilisation of the equipment, were developed. The practical value and the potentialities of such indicators were evaluated analyzing the section of a production process of a high molecular weight organic substance. As a following step, the issue of deciding among process alternatives for debottlenecking was afforded. A methodology based on sustainability indicators was applied to select the best alternative. The methodology, that allows comparing the alternatives through the analysis of environmental, social and economic impacts, was further developed within the present study. Two area hazard indicators aiming at the assessment of the impacts of fugitive emissions were developed to integrate these aspects in the sustainability analysis of process alternatives. To increase the accuracy in the quantifications of these impacts, a new predictive model, based on available data in design phase, considering the different categories of emission sources, the mechanism of losses, and the maintenance, was developed to estimate the fugitive emissions in a process plant. The comparison between the experimental measurements of fugitive emissions rate in a process plant and the model results confirmed that this new predictive model was needed for an adequate comparison of the process alternatives, because the existing predictive models overestimate the real emission rate. Finally applying the indicators on a real process plant it was confirmed that these indicators are very important to simplify the decisional process, because they provide accurate indications based on a limited number of information.
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Piani, Jacopo <1988>. "Sviluppo di metodologie innovative di supporto decisionale alla progettazione basate su indicatori di prestazione." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7024/.
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Il progetto di ricerca è finalizzato allo sviluppo di una metodologia innovativa di supporto decisionale nel processo di selezione tra alternative progettuali, basata su indicatori di prestazione. In particolare il lavoro si è focalizzato sulla definizione d’indicatori atti a supportare la decisione negli interventi di sbottigliamento di un impianto di processo. Sono stati sviluppati due indicatori, “bottleneck indicators”, che permettono di valutare la reale necessità dello sbottigliamento, individuando le cause che impediscono la produzione e lo sfruttamento delle apparecchiature. Questi sono stati validati attraverso l’applicazione all’analisi di un intervento su un impianto esistente e verificando che lo sfruttamento delle apparecchiature fosse correttamente individuato. Definita la necessità dell’intervento di sbottigliamento, è stato affrontato il problema della selezione tra alternative di processo possibili per realizzarlo. È stato applicato alla scelta un metodo basato su indicatori di sostenibilità che consente di confrontare le alternative considerando non solo il ritorno economico degli investimenti ma anche gli impatti su ambiente e sicurezza, e che è stato ulteriormente sviluppato in questa tesi. Sono stati definiti due indicatori, “area hazard indicators”, relativi alle emissioni fuggitive, per integrare questi aspetti nell’analisi della sostenibilità delle alternative. Per migliorare l’accuratezza nella quantificazione degli impatti è stato sviluppato un nuovo modello previsionale atto alla stima delle emissioni fuggitive di un impianto, basato unicamente sui dati disponibili in fase progettuale, che tiene conto delle tipologie di sorgenti emettitrici, dei loro meccanismi di perdita e della manutenzione. Validato mediante il confronto con dati sperimentali di un impianto produttivo, si è dimostrato che tale metodo è indispensabile per un corretto confronto delle alternative poiché i modelli esistenti sovrastimano eccessivamente le emissioni reali. Infine applicando gli indicatori ad un impianto esistente si è dimostrato che sono fondamentali per semplificare il processo decisionale, fornendo chiare e precise indicazioni impiegando un numero limitato di informazioni per ricavarle.The research project was finalized to develop an innovative decision support system based on key performance indicators for the choice among process alternatives. In particular, the project was focused on the definition of indicators able to support decisions in the debottlenecking of a process plant. Two indicators that allow evaluating the need and the potentialities for debottlenecking, identifying the causes of production losses and the utilisation of the equipment, were developed. The practical value and the potentialities of such indicators were evaluated analyzing the section of a production process of a high molecular weight organic substance. As a following step, the issue of deciding among process alternatives for debottlenecking was afforded. A methodology based on sustainability indicators was applied to select the best alternative. The methodology, that allows comparing the alternatives through the analysis of environmental, social and economic impacts, was further developed within the present study. Two area hazard indicators aiming at the assessment of the impacts of fugitive emissions were developed to integrate these aspects in the sustainability analysis of process alternatives. To increase the accuracy in the quantifications of these impacts, a new predictive model, based on available data in design phase, considering the different categories of emission sources, the mechanism of losses, and the maintenance, was developed to estimate the fugitive emissions in a process plant. The comparison between the experimental measurements of fugitive emissions rate in a process plant and the model results confirmed that this new predictive model was needed for an adequate comparison of the process alternatives, because the existing predictive models overestimate the real emission rate. Finally applying the indicators on a real process plant it was confirmed that these indicators are very important to simplify the decisional process, because they provide accurate indications based on a limited number of information.
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Cecchinato, Giacomo <1993>. "Modelli e metodi per il supporto alle decisioni in una struttura alberghiera." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16378.
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Per comprendere le molteplici variabili della produzione alberghiera, si è reso necessario elaborare metodi e modelli innovativi in grado di conciliare indicatori economici e non. Fattori quali la rigidità dell’offerta, una domanda poco prevedibile, la globalizzazione e un contesto ambientale dinamico hanno portato il management delle strutture alberghiere a riprogettare il business dell’ospitalità.
Quest’ultimo, nel corso degli anni, ha dovuto confrontarsi con un crescente trade off tra inclusività ed esclusività causato da un turismo sempre più eterogeneo e sofisticato, portando la produzione alberghiera a reimpostare la propria offerta in modo da soddisfare le esigenze del cliente e contenere i costi.
L’output della produzione alberghiera è il servizio, inteso come un macro-processo che attraversa tutta l’organizzazione. Presenta la caratteristica dell’immaterialità e pone al centro il capitale umano, inteso come un complesso di conoscenze e competenze altamente specifiche e poco adattabili in altre funzioni aziendali.
Il controllo di gestione, in virtù delle principali caratteristiche della struttura ricettiva, assume un nuovo orientamento strategico, oltre a quello direzionale, al fine di indirizzare l’organizzazione verso gli obiettivi strategici e governare con razionalità i processi eseguiti dal capitale umano.
Inoltre, un valido controllo di gestione si configura come lo strumento ideale per gestire il dualismo tipico della produzione alberghiera, ovvero la combinazione tra costi e qualità. Da una parte il controllo di gestione, per rispettare i principi di efficacia ed efficienza, deve minimizzare i costi del servizio, dall’altra parte questa scelta non deve intaccare la qualità del servizio, il quale deve risultare sempre di alto livello.
Questo particolare trade off, per essere gestito e ottimizzato con razionalità, necessita di un sistema informativo integrato che sia condiviso da tutta l’organizzazione.
L’informazione diviene una risorsa intangibile con aspetti multidimensionali e soprattutto leva decisionale. La comunicazione interna ha un ruolo cruciale, poiché attiva un circuito di scambio informativo in grado di collegare le varie funzioni aziendali per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi comuni prestabiliti in sede di pianificazione.
Il braccio operativo del controllo di gestione e l’architetto del sistema informativo è il controller. Questo soggetto svolge un ruolo chiave all’interno dell’organizzazione, poichè deve possedere una visione sistemica dei processi e adottare una comunicazione che soddisfi i fabbisogni informativi del management come le esigenze tecniche dei vari reparti.
Infine, l’elaborato presenta due diversi problemi concreti e le relative soluzioni in grado di supportare le decisioni del management. I modelli e strumenti proposti hanno richiesto la partecipazione attiva dei reparti al fine di ottimizzare e migliorare il processo produttivo.
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CARTA, MICHELE. "Implementazione di modelli di aiuto alle decisioni, basati su tecniche di analisi multi-criteria, come supporto alla programmazione delle strategie e delle azioni sulle reti di trasporto stradale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249551.
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Assessment is a topic widely discussed in scientific literature, with important influences on many sectors of practical interest. Assessment is part of a decision-making process and it is possible to define the utility of a series of decision-making actions by using a simplified representation of it and according to the goals set. This research work concerns planning in the road transport sector, where assessment is often complex, and it involves many actors and a multidimensional target system. This research work proposes a state of the art of the multi-criteria analysis methods used by scientific literature to support decision-making activities in the road transport sector, together with some applicative case studies carried out during the PhD course. The aim of the study was to set the general topic of the assessment system, standing out the main system components and their interactions. The scientific bibliography has offered a fundamental investigation field on the representation of the interactions made in the assessment process, through the study of mathematical models which allow to translate the decision-making activity using analytic functions. This activity was combined with the application of the decision-making methods to real practical cases, where the decision-making support system helps a subject who has to make a choice in the transport planning sector. In order to provide support to a decision-maker during the assessment of possible intervention strategies for planning the actions of the Plan and of the projects concerning the transport sector, we have represented the structure of a decision-making support system which permits to reach the goals set on the transport and mobility system. In the case studies analysed in this research work, the assessor - according to the methodological approach presented - supports the decision-maker in order to make an assessment based on objective criteria, which reflect the requests of the stakeholders by applying multi-criteria analysis methods. Among the issues which can be dealt with the support of multi-criteria analysis methods, the applicative cases address choice and hierarchization issues. The choice occurs when it is necessary to identify an option among many possible options, able to meet the multiple goals better than the others. The request to provide a hierarchical order instead occurs when it is necessary to schedule a series of interventions for the issues described. Therefore, it is necessary to assign some options which must be all carried out according to a priority order. To overcome the critical issues highlighted by using the multi-criteria analysis methods consolidated in scientific literature, in this research work we proposed a multi-criteria analysis method called MTA (Multi-criteria Trigonometric Approach), aimed at representing the preferable alternative within a decision-making set by using a trigonometric function, in order to create a hierarchy of options according to a goal system. The MTA model represents a first step which paves the way for other research works about the study of shapes of preference function, as well as any development for the implementation of a weight system to be assigned to priority differentiating criteria.
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Latora, Antonio Giuseppe. "Metodologie Analytic Hierarchy Process ibride per applicazioni di Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis ai processi di Procurement." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1040.
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Costi e benefici connessi alle decisioni che quotidianamente caratterizzano la vita dell uomo, discendono dai molteplici e spesso contrastanti punti di vista o criteri utilizzati nell attività di decision making divenuta oggetto di approfonditi e recenti studi afferenti ad una vera e propria disciplina matematica definita Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis.
Ogni decisione non rappresenta esclusivamente un atto di scelta bensì il risultato di un processo decisionale di comprensione e modellazione del problema ovverosia una serie di attività che consentono la trasformazione del problema in soluzione determinando nel decision maker un passaggio di stato psicologico da una percezione di insoddisfazione ad una di soddisfazione.
Gli studi realizzati in ambito MCDA hanno originato due differenti scuole di pensiero: la scuola francese basata principalmente sul concetto di outranking e la scuola americana delle Multi - Attribute Utility and Value Theories; a quest ultima appartiene l Analytic Hierarchy Process, metodologia MCDA sviluppata da Thomas Lorie Saaty al fine operare il ranking di un numero definito o indefinito di alternative; il confronto a coppie, ovverosia la misurazione dell importanza relativa tra potenziali azioni o alternative, secondo un criterio o punto di vista di livello superiore, consente infatti la determinazione di una scala di priorità per entità intangibili, per definizione prive di scale di misura, ma anche per entità tangibili valutabili in topologia metrica su idonee scale di misura.
Obiettivo della tesi di dottorato è stato lo studio, finalizzato alla modifica e all applicazione, della metodologia MCDA AHP al procurement, processo di ingegneria gestionale dedicato all approvvigionamento di beni e servizi nel contesto di una generica value chain. L e-procurement è una realtà consolidata nei contesti business-to-consumer, business-to-business e business-to-government, ma il modello concernente il generico processo di approvvigionamento, dato l odierno stato dell arte dell ICT applicata al procurement, non può considerarsi standard di riferimento poiché elaborato in un epoca caratterizzata da sistemi informativi ed informatici indubbiamente differenti dagli attuali riguardo a tecnologie e schemi concettuali.
La metodologia Hybrid Analytic Hierarchy Process oggetto di ricerca, ha tratto origine dalla definizione di Saaty secondo la quale un numero non ha alcun significato se non quello assegnato ad esso da chi è chiamato ad interpretarlo . In un contesto caratterizzato da grandezze quali - quantitative, le metodologie ibride H-AHP-R ed H-AHP-A si caratterizzano poiché consentono il ranking parallelo e seriale di un numero definito o indefinito di alternative mediante lean MCDA ovverosia mediante calcolo diretto NO-AHP del rating ideale con riferimento ai criteri quantitativi e mediante calcolo AHP-R ed AHP-A del rating ideale riferito ai criteri qualitativi.
Disegnando un processo di lean e scouting basato su metodologia MCDA H-AHP-A, lo studio eseguito, relativamente a specifiche tipologie di acquisti, ha re-ingegnerizzato parzialmente il generico processo di approvvigionamento, con l obiettivo di rendere razionale, efficiente, efficace e conforme ai criteri di valutazione individuati, la scelta dell alternativa di approvvigionamento nell universo delle soluzioni individuate sul web, al fine di massimizzare il valore dell acquisto e minimizzare i tempi di scelta.
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VERCESI, DAVIDE CESARE. "Sviluppo soluzioni innovative per il miglioramento dell'assistenza tecnico - agronomica per un'agricoltura sostenibile." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/108767.
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Nel corso del triennio del Dottorato di ricerca, svolto in concomitanza con l’abituale lavoro all’interno della mia azienda (Consorzio Agrario Terrepadane, fornitore di mezzi e servizi per l’agricoltura), lo scopo è stato di approfondire le conoscenze sui sistemi di supporto alle decisioni (DSS, Decision Support Systems) per la coltivazione della vite secondo i principi della viticoltura sostenibile, compresa la produzione integrata.
Durante questa ricerca sono state individuate, nel corso della stagione, alcune aziende viticole rappresentative del territorio di lavoro (Val Nure, Val Tidone e valli dell’Oltrepò Pavese). Le informazioni relative al rischio di infezione fungina o alla presenza di insetti dannosi generate dal DSS Vite.net® per queste aziende, insieme ai dati rilevati nei vigneti attraverso sensori, monitoraggi visivi, l’integrazione di nuove tecnologie di rilevamento georeferenziato e di mappatura, hanno permesso di avere una maggiore conoscenza dell’evoluzione della coltura nella zona.
Durante il dottorato di ricerca sono stati approfonditi tutti gli aspetti legati alla valutazione e diffusione dell’innovazione in agricoltura, come pure degli impatti e della sostenibilità dei processi agricoli, con particolare attenzione alla difesa, al miglioramento dell’efficacia delle linee di difesa attraverso lo studio di nuove strategie e posizionamento dei prodotti.During the three years of the PhD, carried out in conjunction with the usual work within my company (Consorzio Agrario Terrepadane, supplier of means and services for agriculture), the knowledge on decision support systems was deepened (DSS, Decision Support Systems) for the cultivation of vines according to the principles of sustainable viticulture, including integrated production. During this research, some representative farms that produce grape of the work area (Val Nure, Val Tidone and Oltrepò Pavese valleys) were identified during the season. Information relating to the risk of fungal infection or the presence of pests generated by the Vite.net® DSS for these farms, together with the data collected in the vineyards through sensors, visual monitoring, the integration of new georeferenced detection and mapping technologies, have made possible to have a greater knowledge of the evolution of the crop in the area and therefore. During this work all aspects related to the evaluation and diffusion of innovation in agriculture were studied in depth, as well as the impacts and sustainability of agricultural processes, with particular attention to the protection of plants from pathogens, to the improvement of effectiveness of defense lines through the study of new strategies and product positioning.
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Laner, Alessandro. "Tecniche di ottimizzazione applicate alla progettazione di opere nel campo dell'ingegneria civile ed ambientale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425467.
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The design process involved in the definition of the properties of a civil work is efficient when the design describes a civil work that maximizes the performances of the civil work and minimizes the different costs related to its construction (economic costs, environmental costs) . In this paper a methodology that helps the committee and the designers in the task of choosing the design solution that minimize the costs and the time related to the construction of the civil work is described. The methodology proposed is based on a statistical approach to cope with the uncertainty on the data that represent the base for the design process and evaluates the risks related to the construction of the civil work.
Books on the topic "Supporti alla decisione"
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Stampacchia, Paolo. La gestione delle linee ferroviarie: Un modello di analisi dei costi per il supporto alle decisioni di esercizio e di investimento. [Roma]: Centro studi sui sistemi di trasporto, 1990.
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Topolsky, Nikolay, and Valeriy Vilisov. Methods, models and algorithms in security systems: machine learning, robotics, insurance, risks, control. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02072-2.
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The monograph examines topical issues of decision support and management in safety systems for fire and emergency situations through the use of innovative approaches and tools for operations research, artificial intelligence, robotics and management methods in organizational systems.
The monograph is intended for faculty, researchers, graduate students (adjuncts) and doctoral students, as well as for undergraduates, students and listeners of educational organizations, all those who are interested in the problems of decision support and management in security systems.
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Gomarasca, Mario A. Elementi di geomatica: Con elementi di geodesia e cartografia, fotogrammetria, telerilevamento, informatica, sistemi di ripresa, sistemi di posizionamento satellitare, elaborazione digitale delle immagini, sistemi informativi territoriali, sistemi di supporto alle decisioni, SIT in rete, INSPIRE e GMES, dizionario tecnico, acronimi. [Milan?]: Associazione italiana di rilevamento, 2004.
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Mkomwa, Saidi, and Amir Kassam, eds. Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0000.
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Abstract This book is about Conservation Agriculture (the use of no tillage systems) to preserve soil structure and integrity. It has become an increasingly important step towards sustainable farming. This publication brings together conservation agriculture and climate smart decision making processes for the first time, focusing on Africa. This book brings to the fore scientific and empirical evidence about Conservation Agriculture in Africa, articulated by the Second Africa Congress on Conservation Agriculture (2ACCA) held in Johannesburg in 2018. It describes how farmers in Africa are successfully adopting Conservation Agriculture as an alternative to the unsustainable conventional farming practices and as a solution to loss of agricultural productivity, soil erosion and land degradation, climate change challenges and ever-increasing food insecurity. This work discusses how Conservation Agriculture can support the implementation of the African Union's Malabo Declaration and Agenda 2063 which calls for climate smart agricultural development. It provides development-oriented case studies and scientific evidence relevant to all stakeholders in the public, private and civil sectors who are engaged in building policy, institutional and human capacity to accelerate the mainstreaming of Conservation Agriculture across Africa.
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Brazeau, Stéphanie, and Nicholas H. Ogden, eds. Earth observation, public health and one health: activities, challenges and opportunities. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621183.0000.
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Abstract This book contains 4 chapters that discuss in the context of both the One Health concept and the SDG initiative, remote sensing can provide solutions to the priority of assessing and monitoring public health risks, and it can play an important role in supporting decision making to reduce health risks within our shared ecosystems. The growing awareness of complex but causal interactions among these realms has motivated professionals in a wide range of sectors to adopt the One Health approach, which promotes intersectoral collaboration to address health issues at the human-animal-environment interface. In its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the United Nations specifically identifies "strengthening the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks" as part of their Good Health and Well-being Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). As examples presented in this book reveal, the risk of infectious disease emergence increases with a wide range of conditions and variables, including those associated with humans, animals, climate, and the environment. This book examines several priority themes to which EO and geomatics can make important contributions: mosquito-borne and tick-borne diseases; water-borne diseases; air quality and extreme heat effects; geospatial indicators of vulnerable human populations.
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Harrod, Molly, Sanjay Saint, and Robert W. Stock. A Safe, Supportive Environment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190671495.003.0004.
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The 12 attendings all created a safe and supportive learning environment but used various strategies to do so. The attendings provide positive feedback and are completely engaged during rounds. They make themselves available to learners and are eager to help them. The attendings also get to know their learners on a personal level in order to build trusting relationships with their teams. The attendings admit their own mistakes and welcome challenges from learners, demonstrating their conviction that a mistake is a prime learning experience. Learners engage in clinical decision-making, knowing that their attending will support and protect them in case of an oversight.
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Newborn and Infant Nutrition. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610024297.
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This all-new clinical resource provides valuable point-of-care decision support tools based on AAP policy for nutrition of newborns and infants. https://shop.aap.org/newborn-and-infant-nutrition-a-clinical-decision-support-chart/
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Obst, WJ, R. Graham, and G. Christie. Financial Management for Agribusiness. CSIRO Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094635.
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Financial Management for Agribusiness presents a practical approach to financial decision making for all those involved in agribusiness, including farmers, horticulturists and supporting businesses, to manage invested funds, physical resources and labour. It covers all the stages leading to a completed business plan and provides straightforward worked examples for each step.
The authors emphasise the need to collect and record the detailed financial and physical records necessary for sound decision making and detail all stages of financial planning, including record keeping, preparation of financial statements, financial analysis, budgeting, income tax, Goods and Services Tax and succession planning.
The book clearly explains how past financial information of the business can be used to identify and assess alternative strategies that will aid management in making decisions that meet business and personal objectives.
The complete financial management process is then summarised in a comprehensive business plan.
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Mele, Alfred R. Complete Control and Disappearing Agents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190659974.003.0008.
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This chapter rebuts Derk Pereboom’s disappearing agent argument against event-causal libertarianism and explores a notion of complete control over whether one will decide to A. Support is offered for the view that agents with no agent-causal powers can decide freely and be morally responsible for decisions they made. Settling whether a particular decision will occur is a key notion in Pereboom’s disappearing agent argument. Various interpretations of the notion are considered, and the argument is found to be unpersuasive on all of these interpretations. The bearing of agent causation on settling, luck, and control is discussed, and differences between deciding and overt actions are examined.
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Morrison, Julie Q., and Anna L. Harms. Advancing Evidence-Based Practice Through Program Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190609108.001.0001.
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The demand for results-driven accountability is pervasive in all aspects of education today. The shift in emphasis from compliance to accountability for closing achievement gaps and improving student outcomes creates challenges and opportunities for school-based professionals. School-based professionals have a significant role to play in supporting school improvement efforts and improving outcomes for students in their role as program evaluators. Despite the need for advanced knowledge and skills in program evaluation, resources dedicated to developing the competencies of school-based professionals in evaluation approaches, methods, and tools are scarce. This book addresses this need by serving as a practical resource for school-based professionals seeking to use program evaluation to enhance data-based decision making and accountability as informed by implementation research and within the context of a multi-tier system of supports framework. Throughout this book, school-based professionals are positioned as change agents guiding their school or school districts in the adoption, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions and systems of support to meet students’ academic and behavioral needs.
Book chapters on the topic "Supporti alla decisione"
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Halevi, Gideon. "Management Decision Support System." In All-Embracing Manufacturing, 151–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4180-5_7.
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Wasylewicz, A. T. M., and A. M. J. W. Scheepers-Hoeks. "Clinical Decision Support Systems." In Fundamentals of Clinical Data Science, 153–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99713-1_11.
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AbstractClinical decision support (CDS) includes a variety of tools and interventions computerized as well as non- computerized. High-quality clinical decision support systems (CDSS), computerized CDS, are essential to achieve the full benefits of electronic health records and computerized physician order entry. A CDSS can take into account all data available in the EHR making it possible to notice changes outside the scope of the professional and notice changes specific for a certain patient, within normal limits. However, to use of CDSS in practice, it is important to understand the basic requirements of these systems.This chapter shows in what way CDSS can support the use of clinical data science in daily clinical practice. Moreover, it explains what types of CDSS are available and how such systems can be used. However, to achieve high-quality CDSS which is effective in use requires thoughtful design, implementation and critical evaluation. Therefore, challenges surrounding implementation of a CDSS are discussed, as well as a strategies to develop and validate CDSS.
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Anson, Denis, and Yao Ding. "Federated Databases and Supported Decision Making." In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design for All and Accessibility Practice, 337–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07509-9_32.
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Aspen, Dina Margrethe. "A Transportation Planning Decision Support System." In Business Transitions: A Path to Sustainability, 197–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22245-0_19.
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AbstractIn this chapter, the CapSEM toolbox is explored, applied, and evaluated in the context of transportation planning and policy-making. Transportation system elements are analyzed across all four CapSEM levels to identify relevant tools to utilize in decision support systems to address sustainability in the sector. The toolbox is applied to a strategic transportation planning case study. The application demonstrates how the framework may be used to structure and stack models across system and performance levels to handle transportation modeling and stakeholder complexity.
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Shaha, Steven. "Clinical Decision Support." In Healthcare Ethics and Training, 716–43. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2237-9.ch033.
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The purpose of healthcare information systems should tend toward helping clinicians make best decisions for the clinical benefits of their patients, as well as for the cost-related benefits of organisations, communities and societies. Too many healthcare organisations are opting toward technology-based systems that ensure cost-effectiveness as a priority over clinical quality, limiting clinician decisions toward compliance to established decisions and processes rather than toward innovative and impactful approaches to patient care. Compliance-based solutions assume that all hospitals are identical in populations served, clinician expertise or physical layout, all assumption fallacies. Best healthcare enhancing technology enables local adaptation with analytics for ongoing innovation to best optimise successes in care quality, cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Such systems are available, and best providers will encourage clinicians and operational leaders to ever-improve delivery of innovative, evolving health care. This chapter will discuss the right approaches towards improved clinical, costs, and efficiency gains.
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Shaha, Steven. "Clinical Decision Support." In Improving Health Management through Clinical Decision Support Systems, 209–36. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9432-3.ch010.
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The purpose of healthcare information systems should tend toward helping clinicians make best decisions for the clinical benefits of their patients, as well as for the cost-related benefits of organisations, communities and societies. Too many healthcare organisations are opting toward technology-based systems that ensure cost-effectiveness as a priority over clinical quality, limiting clinician decisions toward compliance to established decisions and processes rather than toward innovative and impactful approaches to patient care. Compliance-based solutions assume that all hospitals are identical in populations served, clinician expertise or physical layout, all assumption fallacies. Best healthcare enhancing technology enables local adaptation with analytics for ongoing innovation to best optimise successes in care quality, cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Such systems are available, and best providers will encourage clinicians and operational leaders to ever-improve delivery of innovative, evolving health care. This chapter will discuss the right approaches towards improved clinical, costs, and efficiency gains.
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Wang, John, Huanyu Ouyang, and Chandana Chakraborty. "Decision Support Software." In E-Collaboration, 440–47. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-652-5.ch035.
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Throughout the years many have argued about different definitions for DSS; however they have all agreed that in order to succeed in the decision-making process, companies or individuals need to choose the right software that best fits their requirements and demands. The beginning of business software extends back to the early 1950s. Since the early 1970s, the decision support technologies became the most popular and they evolved most rapidly (Shim, Warkentin, Courtney, Power, Sharda, & Carlsson, 2002). With the existence of decision support systems came the creation of decision support software (DSS). Scientists and computer programmers applied analytical and scientific methods for the development of more sophisticated DSS. They used mathematical models and algorithms from such fields of study as artificial intelligence, mathematical simulation and optimization, and concepts of mathematical logic, and so forth.
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Forgionne, Guisseppi, Manuel Mora, Jatinder N. D. Gupta, and Ovsei Gelman. "Decision-Making Support Systems." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 759–65. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch133.
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Decision-making support systems (DMSS) are specialized computer-based information systems designed to support some, several or all phases of the decision-making process (Forgionne et al., 2000). They have the stand-alone or integrated capabilities of decision support systems (DSS), executive information systems (EIS) and expert systems/knowledge based systems (ES/KBS). Individual EIS, DSS, and ES/KBS, or pair-integrated combinations of these systems, have yielded substantial benefits for decision makers in real applications.
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Averweg, Udo Richard. "Decision Support Systems and Decision-Making Processes." In Business Information Systems, 135–43. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-969-9.ch010.
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Decision support systems (DSS) deal with semi-structured problems. Such problems arise when managers in organisations are faced with decisions where some but not all aspects of a task or procedure are known. To solve these problems and use the results for decision-making requires judgement of the manager using the system. Typically such systems include models, data manipulation tools, and the ability to handle uncertainty and risk. These systems involve information and decision technology (Forgionne, 2003). Many organisations are turning to DSS to improve decision-making (Turban, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2004). This is a result of the conventional information systems (IS) not being sufficient to support an organisation’s critical response activities—especially those requiring fast and/or complex decision-making. In general, DSS are a broad category of IS (Power, 2003). A DSS is defined as “an interactive, flexible, and adaptable computer-based information system, specially developed for supporting the solution of a non-structured management problem for improved decision-making. It utilises data, it provides easy user interface, and it allows for the decision maker’s own insights” (Turban, 1995). There is a growing trend to provide managers with IS that can assist them in their most important task—making decisions. All levels of management can benefit from the use of DSS capabilities. The highest level of support is usually for middle and upper management (Sprague & Watson, 1996). The question of how a DSS supports decision-making processes will be described in this article. This article is organised as follows: The background to decisionmaking is introduced. The main focus (of this article) describes the development of the DSS field. Some future trends for the DSS field are then suggested. Thereafter a conclusion is given.
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Kenward, R. E., N. M. Casey, S. S. Walls, J. M. Dick, R. Smith, S. L. Turner, A. D. Watt, et al. "Design of a Transactional Environmental Support System." In Transactional Environmental Support System Design, 209–45. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2824-3.ch020.
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This chapter draws on results from previous chapters, in some cases creating new syntheses by combining information across chapters and including findings of previous projects. Its specific objective is to consolidate all these findings in the design of a system to support transaction of information for environmental assessments and decision support at central and local levels, by local managers of land and species as well as by policymakers. It recognises the need not merely to provide a technological tool, but also to consider demand and supply for information in that tool, the ease of use of the tool, motivation to use the tool and cost of maintaining the tool long-term: a tool that is not desirable, practical, and durable will not last. The chapter therefore first addresses who makes the most decisions, finding not only that local managers of land and species have high need of support, but also that their demand is least met by model-based decision support despite their high capacity to generate data. For this reason a system was designed primarily to accommodate needs of knowledge transfer at local level. Consideration of data quality, ownership, and confidentiality was important, together with scale, uncertainty (and resulting liability) of resulting decision support. All these considerations can be addressed by developing trust in operation of such a system, for which a basis in the civic sector (rather than in private business or government) was recommended. A portal was launched to continue informing all interests of the scope for building and opportunities from use of such a system.
Conference papers on the topic "Supporti alla decisione"
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Skyrius, Rimvydas. "Business Decision Making." In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2368.
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Significant recent research in the decision support area has been concentrating on the human side of the person-technology relation. Knowledge, perceptions, beliefs and experiences have been researched in a number of works. The author has used individual interviews with business decision makers to find out their attitudes towards factors influencing the quality of business decisions. The issues discussed included features of actual right and wrong decisions, role of information sources and analytical tools, factors influencing creativity, and the role of information technology. The findings have shown that in the decision making process, available knowledge is used and new knowledge is created, and these processes are preferred to be supported by simple yet efficient support tools. The information environment surrounding business activities is getting increasingly complex. The important reasons for this complexity are: growing volumes of information of potential relevance to certain business activities; increasing number of sources of such information; and multiplying technologies for handling data and information. This is particularly true for decision making which has to encompass all relevant data, information and decision maker's knowledge to make quality decisions. Alongside with technologies for handling data and information, lately much attention has been given to knowledge management (KM) models and relations between data, information and knowledge. In knowledge-intensive activities, such as decision support, these relationships are important in terms of efficient utilisation of information resources, and especially those supported and facilitated by IT with its present capabilities. The aim of this paper is to take a look at the relations between data, information and knowledge in the context of managerial decision making, and professional learning and experience. These issues are discussed on the basis of surveys and interviews, conducted among small and medium enterprise (SME) decision makers in Lithuania in 1997-1999. The key questions of the survey have been: how important IT has become for management activities, regarding in the first place decision support, and how does it affect creativity and knowledge development. The synergy between technology and the user has been recognized to work in the areas such as using existing experiences and creating new ones on a problem and decision; working out the decision schema; stimulating creativity; capturing the details and specifics of the decision process for further uses. While IT is and can be efficiently used to manage data and information, the actual use of what is in decision support environment sometimes called stored knowledge - preprogrammed procedures for certain types of situations, sets of models, reusable queries - is rather limited. Instead, the survey has shown that decision makers prefer relatively simple tools and techniques that allow them to perform iterative buildup of decision support points towards a sufficient set to make a decision. Under a problem situation, existing practices are repeatedly tested. In the process, new associations and mental models may appear, expanding existing knowledge as well as creating new knowledge. The responses have shown that the presence of simple yet efficient decision support tools is welcome by the decision makers as having a potential to gain more with less - to provide more confidence and insurance from fatal decision mistakes, at the same time reducing the need to do extensive training, radically change existing beliefs or invest heavily into sophisticated technologies. In addition, such tools serve as support for managerial learning process and knowledge exchange, especially in the process of creativity stimulation where analogies, real-life and hypothetical situations, brainstorming and bias elimination techniques are used.
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Ding, Chaohai, Mike Wald, and Gary Wills. "Linked data-driven decision support for accessible travelling." In W4A '15: International Web for All Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2745555.2746681.
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Linville, Lisa. "Regularized Ensembles for Classification Decision Support." In Proposed for presentation at the LYNM All Hands meeting held November 16-20, 2020 in Virtual. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1830058.
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Krishnamachari, Ramprasad, Srinivas Vadde, Janet K. Allen, and Farrokh Mistree. "Simultaneous Kinematic and Dynamic Synthesis in the Preliminary Design of a Linkage." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0315.
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Abstract In the early stages of project initiation, all aspects of system design may not be clearly defined. Some information might be uncertain (imprecise or vague). However, important design decisions need to be made in these stages in the presence of uncertainty. Fuzzy sets offer a useful method to represent the imprecision in such situations. Fuzzy compromise Decision Support Problems (DSPs) involving fuzzy membership functions are found to be effective in modeling this uncertainty and making decisions in such situations. A hat-shaped, piecewise linear membership function is introduced which is especially useful when the design space is not well understood. The use of a fuzzy compromise Decision Support Problem in the preliminary design synthesis of mechanical systems is illustrated using a case study involving the synthesis of a four-bar linkage.
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Zeng, Zhiwei, Zhiqi Shen, Benny Toh Hsiang Tan, Jing Jih Chin, Cyril Leung, Yu Wang, Ying Chi, and Chunyan Miao. "Explainable and Argumentation-based Decision Making with Qualitative Preferences for Diagnostics and Prognostics of Alzheimer's Disease." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/84.
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Argumentation has gained traction as a formalism to make more transparent decisions and provide formal explanations recently. In this paper, we present an argumentation-based approach to decision making that can support modelling and automated reasoning about complex qualitative preferences and offer dialogical explanations for the decisions made. We first propose Qualitative Preference Decision Frameworks (QPDFs). In a QPDF, we use contextual priority to represent the relative importance of combinations of goals in different contexts and define associated strategies for deriving decision preferences based on prioritized goal combinations. To automate the decision computation, we map QPDFs to Assumption-based Argumentation (ABA) frameworks so that we can utilize existing ABA argumentative engines for our implementation. We implemented our approach for two tasks, diagnostics and prognostics of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and evaluated it with real-world datasets. For each task, one of our models achieves the highest accuracy and good precision and recall for all classes compared to common machine learning models. Moreover, we study how to formalize argumentation dialogues that give contrastive, focused and selected explanations for the most preferred decisions selected in given contexts.
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Perez, James M., and Tina L. Toburen. "How the Use of Limited Plant Data Can Support Limited Improvements in Combined Cycle Operation." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54711.
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Process improvement and plant optimization are common initiatives among Utilities and Independent Power Producers (IPP). This paper intends to outline the value and challenges with obtaining data to support these initiatives and provide for good business decisions. Typical information, such as performance acceptance tests and heat balance design data is essential when evaluating plant performance. Normal, on-going operating data at full load conditions is also needed when making decisions regarding plant improvements. However, obtaining all the necessary data is not always possible and with the current market conditions, conducting performance tests may not be economical. When faced with a known performance deficiency, determining the root cause and options for performance recovery can be difficult in any situation. When design data is hard to come by and operating data difficult to obtain, making an informed decision can be more of an art than a science. An example of the decision process used to upgrade the capacity for a gas turbine combined cycle facility is explained in detail in this paper. The results of the process show that even with limited available data for the facility, improvements in performance can be achieved.
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Aughenbaugh, Jason Matthew, Jay Ling, and Christian J. J. Paredis. "Applying Information Economics and Imprecise Probabilities to Data Collection in Design." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81181.
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One important aspect of the engineering design process is the sequence of design decisions, each consisting of a formulation phase and a solution phase. As part of the decision formulation, engineers must decide what information to use to support the decision. Since information comes at a cost, a cost-benefit trade-off must be made. Previous work has considered these trade-offs in cases in which all relevant probability distributions were precisely known. However, engineers frequently must estimate these distributions by gathering sample data during the information collection phase of the decision process. In this paper, we introduce principles of information economics to guide decisions on information collection. We present a method that enables designers to bound the value of information in the case of unknown distributions by using imprecise probabilities to characterize the current state of information. We illustrate this method with an example material strength characterization for a pressure vessel design problem, in which we explore the basic performance, subtleties, and limitations of the method.
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M. Yemelyanov, Alexander, Rahul Sukumaran, and Alina Yemelyanov. "Application of ExpressDecision2 in User-Centered and Shared-with-Expert Decisions Under Risk and Uncertainty." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001812.
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ExpressDecision2 is a general-purpose web application designed to support the individual in making difficult decisions under uncertainty, which are emotionally driven and typically solved by using rational intuition. This web app is based on the self-regulation model of the thinking process developed within the framework of the systemic-structural activity theory. This paper demonstrates the application of two customized versions of ExpressDecision2: 1. ED2StatinChoice – for making a patient-centered and shared-with-clinician decision about taking statins for cholesterol reduction to prevent a heart attack or stroke. The two primary resources regarding taking statins for cholesterol reduction are The 2018 AHA/ACC Cholesterol Guideline and Mayo Clinic Statin Choice Decision-Aid tool. These and other guidelines and decision aids, as well as information derived from a health professional, provide the patient with essential information regarding the pros and cons of using statins, while also empowering the patient to make the ultimate decision regarding whether they should take statins. Overall, such a problem is both uncertain and difficult for the patient and so requires them to establish both short- and long-term goals, as well as relevant options for selection. ED2StatinChoice is designed specifically to help the patient make the best choice in such a difficult scenario. ED2StatinChoice complements existing decision-support tools, such as the Mayo Clinic Statin Choice Decision Aid. Its method of assistance involves clarifying the goal and various choices with subsequent aggregation of all pros and cons, thus helping make a motivated decision regarding which statin therapy is most preferable. 2. ED2InsuranceChoice – for making a client-centered and potentially shared-with-agent decision about buying an insurance policy in order to reduce financial uncertainty and make accidental loss more manageable. People buy health, car, life, home and other types of insurance to protect themselves from financial loss in the event of illness, car damage, house fire and other accidents, respectively. For example, they make decisions when choosing from among liability, comprehensive and collision insurance types. This decision-making process is guided by tangible statistical factors regarding people’s risks of accidental losses and by non-tangible factors, such as “peace of mind” due to being protected against financial loss in the event of an accident. It is important to note that peace of mind is an essential and decisive factor when selecting an insurance policy. It reflects subjective justification of rate adequacy for the premium: the premium should be reasonable and coverage must be sufficient. Unfortunately, such non-tangible factors as peace of mind from being protected against financial loss in an accident, as well as anxiety from losing money while paying an insurance premium for coverage that doesn’t get used unless you have an accident are not sufficiently reflected in existing models of insurance choice.
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Croce, Silvia, and Daniele Vettorato. "Urban parameters analysis and visualization." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/itwn5490.
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Several mitigation and adaptation strategies are proposed to tackle the environmental issues associated to massive urbanization and climate change. All these solutions are highly related to the utilization of urban surfaces (i.e. building envelopes, streets, public spaces, etc.). However, the existing trends demonstrate the lack of a systemic approach able to integrate multiple possible functions and avoid sub-optimal solutions. In this context, urban planning can play an essential role in managing conflicts among different surface uses and ensuring their integration. This involves making spatially explicit decisions about the types of surface use allowable, and their extent and location. The decision-making process needs to be supported by accurate and detailed knowledge about the spatial distribution of a variety of parameters that influence the surface uses in cities. This study presents a systematic framework to support planning decisions based on accurate, diverse and spatially explicit information, and discusses its application in a residential district located in Bolzano (Italy). The proposed method implies the assembly of a multivariate spatial database of significant morphological and environmental parameters acquired through environmental simulation techniques and on-site data collection. The three-dimensional visualization of this database represents a solid base to relate urban planning decisions on surface uses to their effects in terms of microclimatic conditions, thermal comfort, and on-site renewable energy production.
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Osborn, Mark, and LiJie Yu. "Decision Support for Remote Monitoring and Diagnostics of Aircraft Engine Using Influence Diagrams." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28331.
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FAA regulations require the monitoring of all commercial aircraft engines to ensure airworthiness. In doing so, it provides economic advantages to engine owners to monitor engine performance and resolve identified issues in a timely manner to reduce operational costs or avoid secondary damage. Various remote monitoring and diagnostics service providers exist in the marketplace. However, a common understanding among most of them is that given limited time and information, it is an extremely difficult task to make quick and optimized decisions. Difficulties arise from the fact that an aircraft engine is a complex system and demands considerable expertise to diagnose, but also due to the uncertainty in estimating an engine’s true physical state because of measurement and process noise. Therefore, it is often difficult to decide what action to take in order to achieve the most desirable outcome. In this paper, a cost sensitive engine diagnostic and decision making methodology is described. Diagnostic tool performance at various decision thresholds is estimated over a large set of validated historical cases to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and other quality indices. These quality indices and a set of cost functions are utilized in influence diagrams to derive the optimized decision model in order to minimize costs given the uncertain engine condition and noisy parametric data.
Reports on the topic "Supporti alla decisione"
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Kislev, Yoav, Ramon Lopez, and Ayal Kimhi. Intergenerational Transfers by Farmers under Different Institutional Environments. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604936.bard.
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This research studies the issues of intergenerational transfers in general and farm succession in particular in two different institutional environments. One is the relatively unregulated farm sector in the United States, and the other is the heavily regulated family farms in Israeli moshavim. Most of the analysis is based on modern economic theory dealing with inheritance and other intergenerational issues. However, we start with two background studies. One is a review of the legal system affecting farm succession in the moshav, which, as we claim throughout the report, is of major importance to the question in hand. The second is an ethnographical study aimed at documenting various inheritance and succession practices in different moshavim. These two studies provide insight for most of the economic studies included here. The theoretical studies mostly deal with various aspects of two major decisions faced by farmers: who will succeed them on the farm, and when will succession take place. The first decision clearly depends on the institutional structure: for instance, Israeli farmers are limited to one successor while American farmers are not. The second decision can be taken in three stages: sharing farm work with the successor, sharing farm management, and eventually transferring the ownership. The occurrence and length of each stage depend on the first decision as well as on the institutional structure directly. The empirical studies are aimed at analyzing the practices and considerations of Israeli and American farmers regarding various intergenerational transfers-related issues. We found that American farmers' decisions are mainly driven by the desire to let the farm prosper in future generations and by a preference for equal treatment of heirs, and not at all by old-age support considerations. In contrast, we demonstrate the significant effect of old-age support on the value of the transferred farm in a sample of Israeli farms. Using Israeli census data, we find that the time of farm ownership transfer responds to economic incentives. A smaller Israeli panel data set shows that controlling for the occurrence of succession, farm size rises with operator's age and eventually falls, while intensity of production seems to decline steadily. This explains another finding, that farm transfer contributed significantly to farm growth when farming was attractive to successors. This finding supports our main conclusion, that the succession decisions are of major importance to the viability and profitability of family farms over the long run.
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Nolan, Parker Stephen. Network Theory: How Can Its Application Cultivate the Conditions to Support Young Creatives? Creative Generation, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51163/creative-gen004.
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As observers to the intersectional fields of culture, education, and social change, Creative Generation witnessed the chosen organizational structure of “networks” come into vogue – particularly as smaller, community-based organizations have begun to participate in larger-scale, collaborative initiatives. In almost all examples, the individuals and organizations involved do their collaborative work through a “network,” using any number of connections and patterns. This qualitative inquiry sought to understand how applying Network Theory to organizational structures can cultivate the conditions to support young creatives. Through literature and conducting interviews with leaders of diverse networks in the arts and cultural education fields, this project provides an overview of Network Theory and examines examples of various models. This report proposes the following set of provocations for the field to interrogate the use of Network Theory in their projects’ implementation: strong connections between the network and its participants, shared power among network leadership and participants, clear expectations about funding, and specific role for young creatives in decision-making.
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Nitz, Peter, and Jürgen Fluch. Collection of available solar process heat related national and trans-national research and funding programs. IEA SHC Task 64, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2021-0001.
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Within Task 64/IV Solar Process Heat, Subtask E Guideline to Market is aiming to support a wider penetration of solar thermal technologies in the supply of heating (and cooling) in industry, demonstrating Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP) to be an important contribution to the decarbonisation of the industrial sector. This requires not only to overcome technical and/or technological barriers, but it is crucial to also address on technical barriers. Whereas well suited system integration strategies, design tools, standardized procedures or modular components are all in all paramount for the development of reliable and prompt off the shelve solutions, experience shows that often non-technological barriers might have a critical role in the decision making process. Above all, competitiveness and investment/financing related barriers prove in many cases to be the bottleneck for the adoption of solar thermal technologies in the industrial framework.
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Cookson, Jr., Peter W., and Linda Darling-Hammond. Building school communities for students living in deep poverty. Learning Policy Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54300/121.698.
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The purpose of this report is to make what is “invisible” visible and to suggest three evidence-based strategies that have the capacity to enable educators, in collaboration with the families and the communities they serve, to create learning environments where students living in deep poverty are supported and successful. The report begins by documenting the human cost of deep poverty and how past policy decisions have contributed to the persistence of deep poverty. Based on this background, the report focuses on three promising strategies for meeting the learning and social-emotional needs of all children, including those living in deep poverty: (1) begin with funding adequacy and equity, (2) develop community schools and partnerships, and (3) develop a whole child teaching and learning culture.
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Lempert, Robert J., Michelle Miro, and Diogo Prosdocimi. A DMDU Guidebook for Transportation Planning Under a Changing Climate. Edited by Benoit Lefevre and Ernesto Monter Flores. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003042.
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The effects of climate-related natural hazards pose a significant threat to sustainable development in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region and in particular its transportation sector. Risk Management provides an appropriate framework for assessing and mitigating the impacts of climate change and other climate-related natural hazards on transportation systems and choosing actions to enhance their resilience. However, analysts and policymakers involved in transportation planning, policy, and investment face significant challenges in managing the risks triggered by the effects of climate change. Climate change impacts the lifespan of roads, airports, and railroads as they have time horizons that surpass 40 years, thus making it harder (if not impossible) to forecast with confidence all relevant future events that will affect such infrastructure. In addition, the climate has already changed, so the return frequency of storms, for example, and other extreme events may now be different than suggested by the historical record in ways that are not always currently well understood. Implementing Risk Management under conditions of such uncertainty can prove difficult. Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) enables Risk Management under conditions of Deep Uncertainty, that is when risks cannot confidently be quantified. This guidebook is aligned with the Disaster and Climate Change Risk Assessment Methodology for IDB projects (IDB 2018) and introduces and provides guidance on applying methods for Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) to transportation planning. It presents the methodological steps that are necessary for the implementation of DMDU methodologies and reviews several such methods, including scenario planning, Adaptive Pathways, and robust decision making (RDM). This review is geared towards supporting the incorporation of DMDU methods into IDBs transportation sector funding and planning processes.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, and Nicholas Morieson. Nationalism, Religion, and Archaeology: The Civilizational Populism of Benjamin Netanyahu and Likud. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0015.
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This paper examines civilizational populism in Israel and focuses on the largest and most powerful party in Israel since the 1980s, National Liberal Movement (Likud), and its most significant leader of the past twenty years, the populist politician Benjamin Netanyahu. We show how Netanyahu incorporates ‘civilizationism’ into his populist discourses by, first, using the notion that Jewish civilization predates all others in the region to establish the legitimacy of the state of Israel, the hegemony of Jewish culture within Israel, and at times his own political decisions. Second, through his portrayal of the Arab-Muslim world as an antisemitic and barbaric bloc that, far from being a civilization, threatens Western civilization through its barbarism. Equally, this paper shows how Netanyahu argues that Israel is akin to protective wall that protects Western Civilization from the Islamist barbarians who wish to destroy it, and therefore on this basis calls for Europeans and North Americans to support Israel in its battle for civilization and against “the forces of barbarism.”
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Hobbs, T. E., J. M. Journeay, A. S. Rao, L. Martins, P. LeSueur, M. Kolaj, M. Simionato, et al. Scientific basis of Canada's first public national seismic risk model. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330927.
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Natural Resources Canada, in partnership with the Global Earthquake Model Foundation, has prepared a public Canadian Seismic Risk Model to support disaster risk reduction efforts across industry and all levels of government, and to aid in Canada's adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Developing this model has involved the creation of a national exposure inventory, Canadian specific fragility and vulnerability curves, and adjustment of the Canadian Seismic Hazard Model which forms the basis for the seismic provisions of the National Building Code of Canada. Using the Global Earthquake Model Foundation's OpenQuake Engine (OQ), risk modelling is completed using both deterministic and probabilistic risk calculations, under baseline and simulated retrofit conditions. Output results are available in all settled regions of Canada, at the scale of a neighbourhood or smaller. We report on expected shaking damage to buildings, financial losses, fatalities, and other impacts such as housing disruption and the generation of debris. This paper documents the technical details of the modelling approach including a description of novel datasets in use, as well as preliminary results for a magnitude 9.0 earthquake on the Cascadia megathrust and nation-wide 500 year expected probabilistic losses. These kinds of results, such as earthquake scenario impacts, loss exceedance curves, and annual average losses, provide a quantitative base of evidence for decision making at local, regional, and national levels.
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Garton, Timothy. Data enrichment and enhanced accessibility of waterborne commerce numerical data : spatially depicting the National Waterway Network. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39223.
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This report provides methodologies and processes of data enrichment and enhanced accessibility of Waterborne Commerce and Statistics Center (WCSC) maintained databases. These databases house tabular and statistical data that reports on The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Civil Works Division National Waterway Network (NWN), which geospatially represents approximately 1,000 harbors and 25,000 miles of channels and waterways. WCSC is a division of The Institute for Water Resources (IWR). They have been tasked with the international collection, maintenance, and archival of all records involving commercial movements and commerce that occur on federal waterways. The current records structure is a large, tabular dataset and limited to the systems and processes put in place prior to the computing standards and capabilities available today. Methods have been tested and utilized to bring the tabular datasets into an optimized, modern geospatial network and expanded upon to create a higher resolution than previously maintained by the WCSC. This report will expand upon the applied methodologies to optimize data queries and the overall enhancement of the data system to allow for linkages to various other sources of information for commerce data enhancement for decision support assistance.
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Walz, Yvonne, Florence Nick, Oscar Higuera Roa, Udo Nehren, and Zita Sebesvari. Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/mwgp9896.
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Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.
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Hilbrecht, Margo, David Baxter, Alexander V. Graham, and Maha Sohail. Research Expertise and the Framework of Harms: Social Network Analysis, Phase One. GREO, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2020.006.
Full textAbstract:
In 2019, the Gambling Commission announced a National Strategy to Reduce Gambling Harms. Underlying the strategy is the Framework of Harms, outlined in Measuring gambling-related harms: A framework for action. "The Framework" adopts a public health approach to address gambling-related harm in Great Britain across multiple levels of measurement. It comprises three primary factors and nine related subfactors. To advance the National Strategy, all componentsneed to be supported by a strong evidence base. This report examines existing research expertise relevant to the Framework amongacademics based in the UK. The aim is to understand the extent to which the Framework factors and subfactors have been studied in order to identify gaps in expertise and provide evidence for decision making thatisrelevant to gambling harms research priorities. A social network analysis identified coauthor networks and alignment of research output with the Framework. The search strategy was limited to peer-reviewed items and covered the 12-year period from 2008 to 2019. Articles were selected using a Web of Science search. Of the 1417 records identified in the search, the dataset was refined to include only those articles that could be assigned to at least one Framework factor (n = 279). The primary factors and subfactors are: Resources:Work and Employment, Money and Debt, Crime;Relationships:Partners, Families and Friends, Community; and Health:Physical Health, Psychological Distress, and Mental Health. We used Gephi software to create visualisations reflecting degree centrality (number of coauthor networks) so that each factor and subfactor could be assessed for the density of research expertise and patterns of collaboration among coauthors. The findings show considerable variation by framework factor in the number of authors and collaborations, suggesting a need to develop additional research capacity to address under-researched areas. The Health factor subcategory of Mental Health comprised almost three-quarters of all citations, with the Resources factor subcategory of Money and Debt a distant second at 12% of all articles. The Relationships factor, comprised of two subfactors, accounted for less than 10%of total articles. Network density varied too. Although there were few collaborative networks in subfactors such as Community or Work and Employment, all Health subfactors showed strong levels of collaboration. Further, some subfactors with a limited number of researchers such as Partners, Families, and Friends and Money and debt had several active collaborations. Some researchers’ had publications that spanned multiple Framework factors. These multiple-factor researchers usually had a wide range of coauthors when compared to those who specialised (with the exception of Mental Health).Others’ collaborations spanned subfactors within a factor area. This was especially notable forHealth. The visualisations suggest that gambling harms research expertise in the UK has considerable room to grow in order to supporta more comprehensive, locally contextualised evidence base for the Framework. To do so, priority harms and funding opportunities will need further consideration. This will require multi-sector and multidisciplinary collaboration consistent with the public health approach underlying the Framework. Future research related to the present analysis will explore the geographic distribution of research activity within the UK, and research collaborations with harms experts internationally.