Relevant bibliographies by topics / Supply and distribution of electricity system operators

Academic literature on the topic 'Supply and distribution of electricity system operators'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Supply and distribution of electricity system operators"

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Rösch, Tobias, Peter Treffinger, and Barbara Koch. "Remuneration of Distribution Grids for Enhanced Regenerative Electricity Deployment—An Analysis and Model for the Analysis of Grid Structures in Southern Germany Using Linear Programming." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 5385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205385.

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Ecological concerns on the climatic effects of the emissions from electricity production stipulate the remuneration of electricity grids to accept growing amounts of intermittent regenerative electricity feed-in from wind and solar power. Germany’s eager political target to double regenerative electricity production by 2030 puts pressure on grid operators to adapt and restructure their transmission and distribution grids. The ability of local distribution grids to operate autonomous of transmission grid supply is essential to stabilize electricity supply at the level of German federal states. Although congestion management and collaboration at the distribution system operator (DSO) level are promising approaches, relatively few studies address this issue. This study presents a methodology to assess the electric energy balance for the low-voltage grids in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg, assuming the typical load curves and the interchange potential among local distribution grids by means of linear programming of the supply function and for typical seasonal electricity demands. The model can make a statement about the performance and development requirements for grid architecture for scenarios in 2035 and 2050 when regenerative energies will—according to present legislation—account for more than half of Germany’s electricity supply. The study details the amendment to Baden-Württemberg’s electricity grid required to fit the system to the requirements of regenerative electricity production. The suggested model for grid analysis can be used in further German regions and internationally to systematically remunerate electricity grids for the acceptance of larger amounts of regenerative electricity inflows. This empirical study closes the research gap of assessing the interchange potential among DSO and considers usual power loads and simultaneously usual electricity inflows.
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Kisuule, Mikka, Ignacio Hernando-Gil, Jonathan Serugunda, Jane Namaganda-Kiyimba, and Mike Brian Ndawula. "Stochastic Planning and Operational Constraint Assessment of System-Customer Power Supply Risks in Electricity Distribution Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 9579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179579.

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Electricity-distribution network operators face several operational constraints in the provision of safe and reliable power given that investments for network area reinforcement must be commensurate with improvements in network reliability. This paper provides an integrated approach for assessing the impact of different operational constraints on distribution-network reliability by incorporating component lifetime models, time-varying component failure rates, as well as the monetary cost of customer interruptions in an all-inclusive probabilistic methodology that applies a time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation. A test distribution network based on the Roy Billinton test system was modelled to investigate the system performance when overloading limits are exceeded as well as when preventive maintenance is performed. Standard reliability indices measuring the frequency and duration of interruptions and the energy not supplied were complemented with a novel monetary reliability index. The comprehensive assessment includes not only average indices but also their probability distributions to adequately describe the risk of customer interruptions. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of this holistic approach, as the impacts of operational decisions are assessed from both reliability and monetary perspectives. This informs network planning decisions through optimum investments and consideration of customer outage costs.
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Ringsgwandl, Lena Maria, Johannes Schaffert, Nils Brücken, Rolf Albus, and Klaus Görner. "Current Legislative Framework for Green Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis Plants in Germany." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051786.

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(1) The German energy system transformation towards an entirely renewable supply is expected to incorporate the extensive use of green hydrogen. This carbon-free fuel allows the decarbonization of end-use sectors such as industrial high-temperature processes or heavy-duty transport that remain challenging to be covered by green electricity only. However, it remains unclear whether the current legislative framework supports green hydrogen production or is an obstacle to its rollout. (2) This work analyzes the relevant laws and ordinances regarding their implications on potential hydrogen production plant operators. (3) Due to unbundling-related constraints, potential operators from the group of electricity transport system and distribution system operators face lacking permission to operate production plants. Moreover, ownership remains forbidden for them. The same applies to natural gas transport system operators. The case is less clear for natural gas distribution system operators, where explicit regulation is missing. (4) It is finally analyzed if the production of green hydrogen is currently supported in competition with fossil hydrogen production, not only by the legal framework but also by the National Hydrogen Strategy and the Amendment of the Renewable Energies Act. It can be concluded that in recent amendments of German energy legislation, regulatory support for green hydrogen in Germany was found. The latest legislation has clarified crucial points concerning the ownership and operation of electrolyzers and the treatment of green hydrogen as a renewable energy carrier.
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Kolosok, S., and T. Vasylieva. "ANALYSIS OF GAS AND ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS: THE TARIFF REGULATION REVIEW." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2020): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.2-8.

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The distribution of gas and electricity certainly belongs to the strategically important activities, the success of which affects the socio-economic situation in the country. Energy distribution companies not only transport energy to customers, but also balance energy consumption, thus influencing all economic processes. However, the energy sector is characterized by several limiting factors. Companies should optimize their activities through energy supply and reception planning, capacity forecasting, providing the necessary level of flexibility of energy systems and the ability to integrate diversified gas and electricity distribution operators. All this requires a balanced and detailed approach to the formation of tariff policy, which takes into account the cost of maintenance and maintenance of energy networks, justification of the costs of business operations given the possible social response to rising final tariffs for gas and electricity. Therefore, the issue of tariff regulation in the energy sector requires a detailed study and analysis of best practices for setting tariffs for services for energy network operators. To this end, the study provided a review of the scientific literature on tariff regulation of gas and electricity distribution networks. The results of the study did not show significant elaboration of the topic but revealed only differences in views on optimal pricing for energy distribution networks in different countries.
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Solgi, Mohammad, Omid Bozorg-Haddad, and Hugo A. Loáiciga. "A multi-objective optimization model for operation of intermittent water distribution networks." Water Supply 20, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 2630–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.159.

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Abstract Intermittent operation of water distribution networks (WDNs) is an undesirable yet inevitable strategy under some circumstances such as droughts, development, electricity blackouts, and water pollution, mostly in developing countries. Intermittent utilization of WDNs poses several disadvantages encompassing water quality degradation, deterioration of the water-distribution system, and extra operational and maintenance costs due to frequently interrupted supply, unfair water distribution among consumers, and reduction of system serviceability. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model to address the negative consequences of intermittent water shortages. The model is intended to maximize the quantitative and qualitative reliability and the fairness in water supply, and to minimize the frequency of supply interruption. The developed model also considers pragmatic limitations, water quality, water pressure, and supply reservoir's constraints to plan the operation of intermittent water distribution systems under water shortage. The model's efficiency is tested with a WDN in Iran and compared with a standard operation policy (SOP) for water distribution. According to the evaluated efficiency criteria concerning reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability of water quality and quantity of water supply, the developed model is superior to the SOP rule and improves the performance of the network under intermittent operation. In addition, the results demonstrate there is a tradeoff between the uniformity of water distribution and the frequency of supply interruption that shows operators’ and customers’ conflicting priorities.
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Lech, Michał. "DISASSEMBLABLE VACUUM CHAMBER AS AN INNOVATIVE TEST STAND DESIGNED FOR RESEARCH ON IMPROVING THE OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS OF POWER SWITCHING APPARATUS." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.1922.

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Polish power industry is characterized by outdated elements and in poor technical condition. This applies mainly to overhead lines operating at medium and high voltage (MV and HV) levels. Moreover, the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) requires the Distribution System Operators to supply electricity with specified parameters, ensuring uninterrupted electricity supply to end users. Failure to meet these conditions results in specific financial penalties. In connection with with the above, there is a strong need to upgrade the existing electricity grids using modern equipment. The article presents an innovative, original research position based on the so-called dismountable vacuum chamber, which allows to conduct research on improving the performance of modern switching equipment used in Smart Grid networks. The article also presents the results of the electric strength tests of the inter-contact break in order to confirm the correctness of operation of the described test stand.
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Bouhafs, F., and M. Merabti. "A Layered Communication Architecture for Power Routing in the Smart Grid." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2014010105.

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One of the main benefits of the smart grid will be the introduction of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) into the electricity grid at large scale. These DERs will be able to supply areas with electricity when isolated from the main power grid due to system or equipment failures. Although the integration of DER into the power grid makes the energy supply more reliable and reduces its cost, it creates new issues for distributed network operators (DNOs). While in traditional power grid the electricity usually flows from the central power stations to the consumers, in a modern power grid incremented with DER, the electricity follows in two directions as these new sources of energy are introduced at lower voltages. To introduce DER technology, DNOs will be faced with the challenge of making their distribution power networks more flexible and dynamic. Power routing is an emerging concept that aims at making distribution networks more flexible and dynamic by addressing the technical challenges related to DER. Power routing is predicated on the information availability and coordination which requires a robust and scalable communication. In this paper the authors propose layered communication architecture that facilitates the implementation of power routing in distribution power networks.
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Nieto-Martin, Jesus, Timoleon Kipouros, Mark Savill, Jennifer Woodruff, and Jevgenijs Butans. "Technoeconomic Distribution Network Planning Using Smart Grid Techniques with Evolutionary Self-Healing Network States." Complexity 2018 (October 10, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1543179.

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The transition to a secure low-carbon system is raising a set of uncertainties when planning the path to a reliable decarbonised supply. The electricity sector is committing large investments in the transmission and distribution sector upon 2050 in order to ensure grid resilience. The cost and limited flexibility of traditional approaches to 11 kV network reinforcement threaten to constrain the uptake of low-carbon technologies. This paper investigates the suitability and cost-effectiveness of smart grid techniques along with traditional reinforcements for the 11 kV electricity distribution network, in order to analyse expected investments up to 2050 under different DECC demand scenarios. The evaluation of asset planning is based on an area of study in Milton Keynes (East Midlands, United Kingdom), being composed of six 11 kV primaries. To undertake this, the analysis used a revolutionary new model tool for electricity distribution network planning, called scenario investment model (SIM). Comprehensive comparisons of short- and long-term evolutionary investment planning strategies are presented. The work helps electricity network operators to visualise and design operational planning investments providing bottom-up decision support.
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Hebda, Kamil, and Eryk Ostapiuk. "Possibilities of using a superconducting energy magnetic storage to improve the reliability of the SN distribution net-work in distribution companies." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 24, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.146.

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The purpose of this work is to analyze the application of superconducting magnetic energy storage in radio controlled disconnector. For the purpose of improving the indicator of the duration of interruptions in the supply of electricity to SAIDI by electricity distribution operators. (System Average Interruption Duration Index). The topic is so important for the Polish economy that it can be treated as a social problem, which can not only reduce the quality of life, but also the economic development of small towns and villages where power outages are much longer than in cities. However, at the same time investment activities for improving the quality of electricity distribution in Poland represent a very high chance for the development of new innovative technologies. The article presents not only aspects related to the automation of the medium voltage network, but also due to its technical and economic capabilities of modern devices. The key in the article is the effective solution to the problem of reliability in Poland and the presentation of the use of an energy reserve in radio disconnector in order to improve the reliability of their work.
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Maswanganyi, Norman, Caston Sigauke, and Edmore Ranganai. "Prediction of Extreme Conditional Quantiles of Electricity Demand: An Application Using South African Data." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 6704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206704.

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It is important to predict extreme electricity demand in power utilities as the uncertainties in the future of electricity demand distribution have to be taken into consideration to achieve the desired goals. The study focused on the prediction of extremely high conditional quantiles (between 0.95 and 0.9999) and extremely low quantiles (between 0.001 and 0.05) of electricity demand using South African data. The paper discusses a comparative analysis of the additive quantile regression model with an extremal mixture model and a nonlinear quantile regression model. The estimated quantiles at each level were then combined using the median approach. The comparisons were carried out using daily peak electricity demand data ranging from January 1997 to May 2014. Proper scoring rules were used to compare the three models, and the model with the smallest score was preferred. The results could be useful to system operators including decision-makers in power utility companies by giving insights and guidance for future electricity demand patterns. The prediction of extremely high quantiles of daily peak electricity demand could help system operators know the possible largest demand that will enable them to supply adequate electricity to consumers and shift demand to off-peak periods. The prediction of extreme conditional quantiles of daily peak electricity demand in the context of South Africa using additive quantile regression, nonlinear quantile regression, and extremal mixture models has not been performed previously to the best of our knowledge.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supply and distribution of electricity system operators"

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Duvnjak, Zarkovic Sanja. "Security of Electricity Supply in Power Distribution System : Optimization Algorithms for Reliability Centered Distribution System Planning." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281813.

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The importance of electricity in everyday life and demands to improve the reliability of distribution systems force utilities to operate and plan their networks in a more secure and economical manner. With higher demands on reliability from both customers and regulators, a big pressure has been put on the security of electricity supply which is considered as a fundamental requirement for modern societies. Thus, efficient solutions for reliability and security of supply improvements are not just of increasing interest, but also have significant socio-economic relevance. Distribution system planning (DSP) is one of the major activities of distribution utilities to deal with reliability enhancement. This thesis deals with developing optimization algorithms, which aim is to min- imize customer interruption costs, and thus maximize the reliability of the system. This is implemented either by decreasing customer interruption duration, frequency of customer interruptions or both. The algorithms are applied on a single or multi- ple DSP problems. Mixed-integer programming has been used as an optimization approach. It has been shown that solving and optimizing each one of the DSP problems contributes greatly to the reliability improvement, but brings certain challenges. Moreover, applying algorithms on multiple and integrated DSP problems together leads to even bigger complexity and burdensome. However, going toward this inte- grated approach results in a more appropriate and realistic DSP model. The idea behind the optimization is to achieve balance between reliability and the means to achieve this reliability. It is a decision making process, i.e. a trade-off between physical and pricing dimension of security of supply.

QC 20200925

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GADRÉ, ISABELLE, and JENS-MARTIN VACKERBERG. "Predicting the rate of adoption of IT/OT integration in the Swedish electricity grid system." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-198675.

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Due to the increasing threat of global warming, today’s grid system faces large changes and challenges as more renewable sources are being implemented in the grid. In order to handle these changes and secure future distribution, new technologies and components are necessary. This study investigates the innovation – IT/OT integration and its rate of adoption among potential adopters – Distribution System Operators. Based upon 8 expert interviews, 19 interviews with Swedish DSOs and literature, the study has concluded the following: - Increased micro production in the Swedish electricity grid system is the main drivers for IT/OT integration. IT Security and Swedish Energy Market Inspectorates current pricing model are two of the main inhibitors for IT/OT integration. - Key factors, such as perceived attributes of the innovation and business transformation speed are of high importance when analyzing rate of adoption. - Medium-sized DSOs with high ambition are likely to adopt before other customer segments. Thus, they are potential target customers for suppliers, such as Ericsson. The thesis contributes to literature by providing research of a technical innovation within a complex market. Future research of interest is to apply similar methodology for predicting rate of adoption of IT/OT integration in other nations, since drivers and regulations might differ.
Det ökade hotet från klimatförändringar har medfört att dagens elnätssystem står inför stora förändringar och utmaningar då allt fler förnyelsebara källor implementeras i elnätet. För att hantera denna förändring och säkra framtidens eldistribution krävs att ny teknik och nya komponenter implementeras i elnätet. Denna rapport undersöker innovationen - IT/OT integration och hur denna sprids bland potentiella kunder – elnätsdistributörer. Baserat på 8 expertintervjuer, 19 intervjuer med svenska elnätsdistributörer och litteratur har studien kommit fram till följande slutsatser: - Ökad mikroproduktion i det svenska elnätet är den främsta drivaren för IT/OT integration. IT säkerhet och Energimarknadsinspektionens nuvarande regleringsmodell är idag två av de främsta barriärerna för IT/OT integration. - Huvudfaktorer, så som förväntade uppfattningen av innovationen och företags omvandlingshastighet är av stor betydelse för att uppskatta spridningshastigheten av innovationen. - Mellanstora DSOer med höga ambitioner kommer troligast ta till sig tekniken tidigare än andra kundsegment och bör därför vara potentiell målgrupp för leverantörer, så som Ericsson. Rapporten bidrar till forskningen genom att en teknisk innovation analyserats i en komplex marknad. Vidare undersökningar som kan genomföras är att applicera motsvarande metodik för estimera spridningen av IT/OT integration i andra länder, då drivare och regleringar där kan skilja sig från Sverige.
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Коваленко, Владислав Вячеславович. "Дослідження режимів мереж 35/10кВ операторів системи розподілу електроенергії." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/39563.

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В бакалаврській роботі на тему «Дослідження режимів мереж 35/10кВ операторів системи розподілу електроенергії » виділяються дві частини: перша – розрахункова (розділ1), де реалізуються загальні електроенергетичні задачі розрахунку та оптимізації режимів і визначення струмів короткого замикання для достатньо складних електричних мереж та друга – дослідницька (розділ 2), що присвячена аналізу режимів схем 35/10кВ Одесаобленерго. Об`єктом дослідження є індивідуальна підстанція 110/35/10кВ, постачальна та розподільчі мережі 10/35кВ, та характерні проблемно-оріентовані експерементальні або промисловні моделі. Предметом дослідження є невідомі режимні характеристики (напруги, втрати, регулюючі значення реактивної потужності, струми К.З. та інше), а також моделі матриць провідності і опору, методи рішення нелінійних електроенергетичних рівнянь та інше. Мета роботи – підтвердити рівень інженерної кваліфікації бакалаврської роботи та згідно індивідуального завдання, виконати розробку розрахункової схеми Одесаобленерго і визначення головних характеристик (напруги, втрати потужності, споживання електроенергії) для режимних днів літнього та зимового максимуму. Бакалаврська робота містить 67 сторінок, 29 рисунків, 7 таблиць, 4 креслення та 11 літературних посилань. Для реалізації завдання задіяно учбовий комп`ютерний комплекс L_APEZ, промислові електроенергентичні комплекси РАОТВ, Z_REGIM, OPTIM.QT. В процесі реалізації задач розроблені індивідуальні розрахункові схеми.
In the bachelor's thesis on "Study of 35 / 10kV network modes of electricity distribution system operators" there are two parts: the first - calculation (section 1), which implements the general power problems of calculation and optimization of modes and short circuit currents for sufficiently complex electrical networks and the second - research (section 2), which is devoted to the analysis of the regimes of 35 / 10kV schemes of Odesaoblenergo. The object of studythere is an individual 110/35/10 kV substation, 110/35 kV supply and distribution networks, and typical problem-oriented experimental or industrial models. The subject of research there are unknown mode characteristics (voltages, losses, regulating values of reactive power, currents KZ, etc.), and also models of matrices of conductivity and resistance, methods of the decision of nonlinear electric equations and other. The goal of the work - to confirm the level of engineering qualification of the bachelor's degree and according to the individual task, to develop the calculation scheme of Odesaoblenergo and determine the main characteristics (voltage, power loss, electricity consumption) for the regime days of summer and winter maximum. The bachelor's thesis contains 67 pages, 29 drawings, 7 tables, 4 illustrations and 11 literary references. To implement the task, the educational computer complex L_APEZ, industrial power complexes RAOTV, Z_REGIM, OPTIM.QT are involved. In the process of realization of tasks individual calculation schemes are developed.
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Fernandes, Leandro. "Ferramenta de apoio à decisão para priorização de obras de manutenção em redes de distribuição de energia elétrica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/116599.

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O presente trabalho apresenta, primeiramente, o desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma Ferramenta de Apoio à Decisão (FAD), seguindo os conceitos de Sistemas de Informação (SI), para facilitar o acesso e visualização de informações técnicas estratégicas, e que possa compor um Sistema de Apoio à Decisão (SAD) que englobe o portfólio de informações necessárias para o planejamento da priorização de obras de investimento e expansão das redes de distribuição de energia. A FAD proposta realiza o tratamento de um grupo de dados relativos a incidência de interrupções de energia da rede de distribuição de uma concessionária do setor elétrico, de forma a disponibilizar as informações depuradas para auxílio na tomada assertiva de decisão para aplicação de recursos para execução de ações de manutenção em rede de distribuição. Em seguida, exibe a inclusão de uma função de análise, no aplicativo desenvolvido como Ferramenta de Apoio à Decisão (FAD), baseada na priorização multicriterial AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). A aplicação do método AHP indica as estações avançadas da concessionária que possuem prioridade para a aplicação de recursos que visam à execução de ações de manutenção em rede de distribuição para a melhoria nos indicadores de continuidades do fornecimento de energia.
This paper first introduces the development and application of a Decision Support Tool (FAD), following the concepts of Information Systems (IS), to facilitate the availability and visualization of strategic techniques information, and can compose a Decision Support System (DSS) that encompasses the entire portfolio of information needed for planning the prioritization of investment works and expansion of power distribution networks. The proposed FAD performs the treatment of a group of data on the incidence of power outages in the distribution of the electric utility industry network in order to provide information to aid in purified assertive decision making for application of resources for execution maintenance actions in the distribution network. Then displays the inclusion of an analysis function, the application developed as a Tool for Decision Support (FAD), multicriteria prioritization based on AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The application of AHP method indicates the advanced utility stations that have priority for use of funds aimed at the implementation of maintenance actions in the distribution network to improve the indicators of continuity of power supply.
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Lakomý, Vojtěch. "Návrh rozvoje sítě 22 kV v zadané části Brna." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217200.

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The goal of this thesis is to design measures of the distribution network in Brno to ensure a supply of electricity to its consumers in required quantity, quality and reliability. This project will be solved in the program called PAS DAISY Off-Line v.4.00 Bizon. At first we make an analysis of the steady state of the distribution network. We check load of transformer stations 110/22 kV, overhead and cable lines if they operate in allowed limits. Then we complete or correct reserved power drains of big consumers of electricity in the model of distribution system. From the calculation of the steady state of the distribution network we will probably find out that some parts of the system are overloaded. Therefore we suggest changes for it (like switching over circuits, installation of new transformer stations and circuits), which should ensure safety and reliability of operations in the distribution system.
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Mrázek, Petr. "Záložní zdroj (UPS)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221364.

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The thesis deals with Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) and associated problems of backup power in case of unexpected outages of electricity. Start of work is dedicated to limitation of the electricity supplies, as well as their causes and consequences. Furthermore, brief history of UPS and subsequently distinguish between UPS’s architectures. There is also a description of the energy sources such as batteries, flywheels or fuel cells. Part of thesis describes security of electricity supply in health care facilities, including requirements for emergency power. The own design of UPS is described in the end.
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Mrázek, Petr. "Záložní zdroj." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400554.

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The thesis deals with Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) and associated problems of backup power in case of unexpected outages of electricity. Start of work is dedicated to limitation of the electricity supplies, as well as their causes and consequences. Furthermore, brief history of UPS and subsequently distinguish between UPS’s architectures. There is also a description of the energy sources such as batteries, flywheels or fuel cells. Part of thesis describes security of electricity supply in health care facilities, including requirements for emergency power. The own design of UPS is described in the end.
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Ramafalo, Mogale Emmanuel. "A framework for the evaluation of the information system at Eskom." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/305.

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M. Tech. (Information Technology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences) Vaal University of Technology
A reliable and efficient information system (IS) is critical for Eskom so that it is able to manage and meet its energy demands. A reliable power supply provides stakeholders with the confidence that supply of power is managed sustainably, effectively and efficiently. Thus, an information system is integral in the effective and efficient generation, distribution and transmission of electricity. The purpose of the study was to investigate IS evaluation criteria and to develop a comprehensive framework that will serve as basis for IS evaluation across Eskom. The research study additionally investigated IS evaluation methods and instruments that are currently used in Eskom. This study produced an information systems success evaluation framework. The proposed model was built by reviewing well-established information systems success models and information systems theories found in the literature. This research study followed the interpretive research paradigm combining it with qualitative case study. The research findings linked information systems success to top management support, change management process and information quality. The findings of the study alsorevealed that quality of IS department’s service as perceived by users can greatly influence IS success. The results of this study provided enlightening reference benefit for Eskom, which was in line with Eskom’s goal of improving business processes, efficiencies and eliminating waste.
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Books on the topic "Supply and distribution of electricity system operators"

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Association, American Water Works, ed. Introduction to water distribution: A basic/intermediate course for water system operators. Denver, Colo: American Water Works Association, 1986.

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Introduction to Water Distribution: A Basic/Intermediate Course for Water System Operators (Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations, V. 3). Amer Water Works Assn, 1986.

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van Leeuwen, Matthijs, and Martha Roggenkamp. Regulating Electricity Storage in the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0009.

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The chapter discusses the EU regulatory framework governing electricity storage. The obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the subsequent increase of electricity production from intermittent renewable energy sources is causing problems for balancing demand and supply, thus also balancing networks. Electricity storage is key to managing any excess electricity production and avoiding negative prices. However, this development takes place in a liberalized energy market, where network operators must act independently from production and supply. Establishing the purpose of electricity storage and where storage can or should be placed is crucial. The authors present the reasons for and the types of electricity storage available; analyse the EU legal framework ; identify potential obstacles; and present pros and cons for positioning storage in the electricity system. Finally, they discuss whether the EU Commission’s proposal to legislate electricity storage meets the requirements for providing cost efficiency and thus provides sufficient regulatory certainty.
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Eid, Cherrelle, Rudi Hakvoort, and Martin de Jong. Global Trends in the Political Economy of Smart Grids. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0017.

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The global transition towards sustainable, secure, and affordable electricity supply is driving changes in the consumption, production, and transportation of electricity. This chapter provides an overview of three main causes of political–economic tensions with smart grids in the United States, Europe, and China, namely industry structure, regulatory models, and the impact of energy policy. In all cases, the developments are motivated by the possible improvements in reliability and affordability yielded by smart grids, while sustainability of the electricity sector is not a central motivation. A holistic smart grid vision would open up possibilities for better integration of distributed energy resources. The authors recommend that smart grid investments should remain outside of the regulatory framework for utilities and distribution service operators in order to allow for such developments.
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Book chapters on the topic "Supply and distribution of electricity system operators"

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Vassilopoulos, Philippe, and Elies Lahmar. "The Trading of Electricity." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 407–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_22.

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AbstractAfter having introduced the theoretical foundations of electricity markets and some of the main design features such as marginal pricing of electricity, spatial distribution of electricity prices and the question of system adequacy, the authors discuss how they function in practice. After a description of the functioning of wholesale electricity markets with a focus on the derivatives and the spot market, the authors analyse their main features such as trading venues, traded products, rules and the processes but also some key trends that can be observed. Going forward, with the energy transition, electricity systems around the world are undergoing nascent but profound changes as market architecture and regulatory framework evolve to meet ambitious climate targets while maintaining efficient investment incentives and security of supply. The authors highlight the need to identify the future requirements of the power system and align them with global policy objectives in order to adapt and enhance the way electricity markets generate social welfare.
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Jacob, Maria, Cláudia Neves, and Danica Vukadinović Greetham. "Introduction." In Forecasting and Assessing Risk of Individual Electricity Peaks, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28669-9_1.

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Abstract Electricity demand or load forecasts inform both industrial and governmental decision making processes, from energy trading and electricity pricing to demand response and infrastructure maintenance. Electric load forecasts allow Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and policy makers to prepare for the short and long term future. For informed decisions to be made, particularly within industries that are highly regulated such as electricity trading, the factors influencing electricity demand need to be understood well. This is only becoming more urgent, as low carbon technologies (LCT) become more prevalent and consumers start to generate electricity for themselves, trade with peers and interact with DSOs.
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Abu-Siada, Ahmed. "Preface." In Recent Advances in Renewable Energy, i. UAE: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681085425117020001.

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Due to the continuous resources’ reduction and cost increase of conventional fossil fuel along with the global trend to decrease the greenhouse effect, clean energy production from renewable sources has been given a global great concern. Among renewable energy sources, wind energy conversion systems have received a worldwide notable attention. It is expected that more than 10% of the global electricity demand will to be generated by wind energy conversion systems by the year 2020. During their early implementation stage, wind turbines were to be disconnected during abnormal and fault conditions within the electricity grid it is connected to. Owing to the fact that current wind installations supply a significant portion of the load demand, disconnecting windfarms may lead to business interruption and discontinuity of power supply to the end user. As such, transmission line operators have developed strict grid codes that wind turbine generator must meet to maintain its connection to support the grid during various fault conditions. To comply with these codes, flexible AC transmission systems have been widely used with current wind energy conversion systems to modulate reactive and/or active power at the point of common coupling of the wind turbine generator and the grid. This book presents the applications of various flexible ac transmission system devices to wind energy conversion systems. Devices such as unified power flow controllers, superconducting magnetic energy storage and static synchronous compensator are covered in this book. Topologies, control systems along with case studies of the aforementioned devices are presented and discussed. This book will be useful for postgraduate research students, upper-division electrical engineering students and practicing engineers.
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Al-Wakeel, Ali. "Local Energy Systems in Iraq: Neighbourhood Diesel Generators and Solar Photovoltaic Generation." In Microgrids and Local Energy Systems. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95280.

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Iraqis experience interruptions of the public electricity supply of up to 18 hours a day. In response, private entrepreneurs and the Local Provincial Councils (LPCs) have installed an estimated 55,000–80,000 diesel generators, each rated typically between 100 and 500 kVA. The generators supply neighbourhoods through small, isolated distribution networks to operate lighting, fans and small appliances when power is not available from the public supply. A single radial live conductor connects each customer to the generator and payment for the electricity is based on a monthly charge per ampere. The operation and regulation of the neighbourhood diesel generator networks was reviewed through a comprehensive literature survey, site visits and interviews conducted with local operators and assemblers of the generator sets. The electricity is expensive, the generators can only supply small loads, have considerable environmental impact and the unusual single wire distribution practice is potentially hazardous. However, the use of the generators is likely to continue in the absence of any alternative electricity supply. The diesels and networks are poorly regulated and there is scope to enforce existing standards and develop a new standard to address the hazards of the connection practice. The chapter goes on to assess the possibilities of using small photovoltaic systems for power generation in Iraq.
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"The supply system." In Electricity Distribution Network Design, 1–18. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbpo021e_ch1.

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Jenkins, Nick. "3. Electricity systems." In Energy Systems: A Very Short Introduction, 48–73. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198813927.003.0003.

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‘Electricity systems’ explains that the two essential functions of an electricity system are to take power from the generators and distribute it to consumers, and to balance the supply and demand of electrical energy. A secondary objective is to control the voltage but this is easier and cheaper to accomplish. The conventional structure of a modern electricity supply system and what should be considered in its design and operation is discussed before considering contemporary developments in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. All aspects of the electricity system are entering a period of great change, especially in the distribution networks with rapidly increasing distributed generation.
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Banet, Catherine. "Electricity Network Tariffs Regulation and Distributive Energy Justice." In Energy Justice and Energy Law, 83–102. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860754.003.0006.

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In the years to come, electricity consumers will face increased grid costs associated with their consumption due to the need for investments in grid infrastructures. Both ageing infrastructures and new production/consumption patterns relying increasingly on distributed and alternative sources will require economic investments by grid operators, which, in fine, will transfer the costs to final customers. The existing models of remuneration for operators and of costs allocation for consumers need to be updated. A reflection has started in several jurisdictions to address the need for revising grid tariff structure(s) in order to ensure a ‘fair’ share of costs between grid system operators and electricity consumers, as well as to develop the right incentives through tariff regulation. This chapter reviews theory and practice of distribution grid tariff regulatory reforms in the context of the current energy transition. It discusses how distributive energy justice can be better integrated into the tariff structure.
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Ottenburger, Sadeeb Simon. "Criticality-Based Designs of Power Distribution Systems." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 150–75. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7210-8.ch008.

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The generation and supply of electricity is currently about to undergo a fundamental transition that includes extensive development of smart grids. Smart grids are huge and complex networks consisting of a vast number of devices and entities which are connected with each other. This fact opens new variations of disruption scenarios which can increase the vulnerability of a power distribution network. However, the network topology of a smart grid has significant effects on urban resilience particularly referring to the adequate provision of infrastructures whereby the way in which a distribution network is divided into interconnected microgrids is of particular importance. Such decompositions enable the systematic protection of important infrastructures and furthermore allow new forms of resilient power supply avoiding large-scale power blackouts. Therefore, the authors introduce a concept of criticality adapted to a power system relying on an advanced metering infrastructure and thereby propose a metric for an integrated resilience assessment of power distribution networks.
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M., Maheswari, and Gunasekharan S. "Operation and Control of Microgrid." In Handbook of Research on Smart Power System Operation and Control, 412–33. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8030-0.ch018.

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The demand for electricity is increasing day by day due to technological advancements. According to the demand, the size of the grid is also increasing rapidly in the past decade. However, the traditional centralized power grid has many drawbacks such as high operating cost, customer satisfaction, less reliability, and security. Distribution generation has less pollution, high energy efficiency, and flexible installation than traditional generation. It also improves the performance of the grid in peak load and reliability of supply. The concept of micro-grid has been raised due to the advent of new technologies and development of the power electronics and modern control theory. Micro-grid is the significant part of the distribution network in the future of smart grid, which has advanced and flexible operation and control pattern, and integrates distributed clean energy.
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Nersesian, Roy L., and Kenneth David Strang. "Quantifying the Uncertainty of Energy Creation from Solar and Wind Farms in Different Locations." In Renewable and Alternative Energy, 1515–48. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1671-2.ch054.

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This paper illustrates how to assess the risk associated with solar and wind farm energy creation by identifying the critical operational factors and then developing multivariate models. The study reveals that a dependence on solar and wind could place consumers at risk of interrupted service given the state of contemporary battery technology. Large scale electricity storage is not currently available which places a contingency risk on electricity generating capacity. More so, maintaining system stability where solar and wind play a significant role in generating electricity is a growing challenge facing utility operators. Therefore, the authors demonstrate how to build a model that quantifies uncertainty by matching uncontrollable supply to uncontrollable demand where a gravity battery may be installed as a buffer. This novel approach generalizes to fossil fuel and nuclear plant operations because demand fluctuations could be managed by storing surplus energy into a gravity battery to meet high peak periods.
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Conference papers on the topic "Supply and distribution of electricity system operators"

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Ekong, Otuekong E., Anthony U. Etim, and Anietie P. Ekong. "Automated Real-Time Electricity Supply Monitoring System." In 27th iSTEAMS-ACity-IEEE International Conference. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v27p2.

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In many developing countries, several homes are yet to be fitted with the traditional electro-mechanical meter or newer smart meter for measuring electricity consumption. As such, distribution network operators resort to estimated billing. This work proposes a low cost and easy-to-install alternative capable of monitoring the duration of supply which can be used as the basis to generate bills for unmetered customers. The Recursive Waterfall model guided its design and implementation. The system comprises of Electricity Supply Monitoring (ESM) Hub and ESM App. The Hub is the sensing unit and is designed using ATmega328 microcontroller on Arduino Uno board together with HC-05 Bluetooth module for communication. The App is the display/storage unit and comes with two variants: ESM Mobile App developed using Python and ESM Desktop App developed using C#. Results show the system is capable of providing timely feedback for consumers and real-time transparency for electricity supply industry stakeholders. Keywords: Energy consumption, energy informatics, meter reading, power measurement, smart meters.
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Schmaranz, R., H. Buzanich, W. Schaffer, L. Fiedler, R. Bergmayer, B. Frittum-Lafer, C. Ammer, R. Schlögel, H. Grüneis, and M. Hochwarter. "FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATORS." In CIRED 2021 - The 26th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1756.

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Wickramasinghe, Y., and L. Nordstrom. "Analysis of asset management system integration maturity at distribution system operators." In 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0885.

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Zhongyuan Zhao, Peng Fei, Shunxian Bao, and Yong Ding. "Power quality improvement with SVC in power supply system." In 2012 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced.2012.6508402.

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Gheorghe, Stefan, Gabriel Gheorghe, Nicolae Golovanov, and Carmen Stanescu. "Results of power quality monitoring in Romanian transmission and distribution system operators." In 2016 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icate.2016.7754628.

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Park, S. W., and S. Y. Son. "Techno-economic analysis of appropriate flexibility portfolio for distribution system operators." In CIRED 2021 - The 26th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1808.

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Pereira, Guillermo Ivan, and Patricia Pereira da Silva. "Determinants of change in electricity distribution system operators - a review and survey." In 2016 13th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2016.7521248.

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Suslov, Konstantin, Dmitry Gerasimov, and Svetlana Solodusha. "A new algorithm for isolated electricity supply system control." In 2015 International Symposium on Smart Electric Distribution Systems and Technologies (EDST). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sedst.2015.7315177.

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Zhao, Min, Weijiang Qiu, and Lu Sun. "Research and design on power SUPPLY NETWORK sand table exercise system." In 2014 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced.2014.6991896.

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Liu, Zhongyi, Chengdi Ding, Shuyong Liu, Dawei Yan, and Jia Song. "Study on the Power Supply and Sale Mechanism of Onshore Power Supply Under the Background of Electric Power System Reform." In 2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced.2018.8592387.

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Reports on the topic "Supply and distribution of electricity system operators"

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Muelaner, Jody Emlyn. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways. SAE International, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021004.

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With the current state of automotive electrification, predicting which electrification pathway is likely to be the most economical over a 10- to 30-year outlook is wrought with uncertainty. The development of a range of technologies should continue, including statically charged battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and EVs designed for a combination of plug-in and electric road system (ERS) supply. The most significant uncertainties are for the costs related to hydrogen supply, electrical supply, and battery life. This greatly is dependent on electrolyzers, fuel-cell costs, life spans and efficiencies, distribution and storage, and the price of renewable electricity. Green hydrogen will also be required as an industrial feedstock for difficult-to-decarbonize areas such as aviation and steel production, and for seasonal energy buffering in the grid. For ERSs, it is critical to understand how battery life will be affected by frequent cycling and the extent to which battery technology from hybrid vehicles can be applied. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways dives into the most critical issues the mobility industry is facing.
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