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Journal articles on the topic 'Supplies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 March 2023

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1

Li, Ai Min, Guo Qing Wang, and Jing Jing Zhang. "The Research on Railway Construction Project Materials Supplier Selection Model." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1503.

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In recent years railway constructions are attracted many large investments, and generally 60-70% percentage of project budget are cost in the materials supplies, which are the main concern of the railway construction projects cost control. In this paper, we do some researches on suppliers choice to investigate the logic of railway construction projects supplies cost control. The structure is firstly to build the indicators of general construction project materials supplier selection, then to find criterion of general construction project materials supplier selection, and thirdly considering the projects distinctiveness to select the line with the actual situation of railway projects suppliers indicators. At last combined all the results of front researches to construct an indicator system for railway construction project materials supplier selection, and further study the supplier selection methods which are based on the indicator system and verified by an example.

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2

Boniface, Rainer, and Karanja Ngugi. "Procurement Practices and Quality of Food Supplies in Secondary Schools: A Case of Nairobi County, Kenya." Journal of Procurement & Supply Chain 6, no. 1 (October 12, 2022): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t6034.

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This research aimed at determining Procurement Practices on Quality of Food Supplies in Secondary Schools in Nairobi County. Quality of food supplies is a global issue that this study wishes to respond to in Kenyan Secondary schools of Nairobi County. The research was guided by the following objectives: first, to investigate the relationship between e-Procurement and quality of food supplies in secondary schools in Nairobi County. Secondly, to assess the influence of supplier relationship management between suppliers and schools on quality of food supplies. Thirdly, to establish how procurement planning affect quality of food supplies and finally, to evaluate how risk management practices influence quality of food supplies in secondary schools, Nairobi County. The research used mixed method convergent parallel design. This study used total quality management theory and agency theory. The research used mixed method convergent parallel design. The researcher preferred this design since it was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data, and it provided a better understanding of the research problem as well as build on the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative data. The study adopted a census technique since the population was small. The target population was 32 secondary schools. The study sample was 96 respondents including 32 principals, 32 procurement officers and 32 storekeepers sampled from 32 secondary schools Nairobi County. Data collection was done through interview schedules and questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively through the distribution of frequencies, which have been expressed in means and percentages. The results were achieved using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program and presented in tables and graphs, while qualitative data was transcribed and translated into themes that support the quantitative findings through a content analysis approach. In its findings, the study revealed that e-Procurement, supplier relationship management, procurement planning, and risk management practices significantly influence quality of food supplies. The study has therefore recommended that in order to enhance quality of food supplies, schools should fully make use of e-procurement, which include e-sourcing, e-tendering and e-advertisement. In addition, there should be proper management of suppliers to ensure that they supply on time and provide quality food supplies. The procurement planning processes should be adhered to in order to ensure that no part of the process is skipped. The risks faced on procurement should be documented and minimized of eliminated. All these will ensure an efficient procurement process. Keywords: E-Procurement, Inspection, Procurement Practices, Quality, Supplier relationship

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3

Rendahl, Pernilla. "Imposing EU VAT on Unlawful Digital Supplies?" EC Tax Review 20, Issue 4 (August 1, 2011): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2011022.

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This article discusses if EU value added tax (VAT) can be imposed on unlawful digital supplies by evaluating applicable criteria developed by the Court of Justice (COJ). Unlawful digital supplies are delimited to cover trade with digital materials that are copyright protected and exchanged through peer-to-peer networks without the permission of the copyright holder. The criteria that are evaluated for imposing EU VAT on these unlawful supplies covers the scope of VAT, whether the supplies can be seen as consumption, identification of the taxable supplier and if the supplies can be considered as taxable. The main difficulties with deciding if EU VAT can be imposed on unlawful digital supplies is in the argumentation used by the COJ in primarily two cases. The difficulties are, first, based on the Hong Kong Trade case, where the COJ interprets the scope of economic activity as not covering services supplied free of charge. Second, in the Tolsma case, the COJ discusses the need of a direct link establishing if there is a taxable transaction. For imposing EU VAT on unlawful digital supplies, the market place connecting the users and the organization providing the market place can rather be considered as an indirect link than a direct link establishing a legal relationship.

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4

Chen, Jiayu, Anyan Qi, and Milind Dawande. "Supplier Centrality and Auditing Priority in Socially Responsible Supply Chains." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 22, no. 6 (November 2020): 1199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2019.0790.

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Problem definition: A key question in socially responsible supply networks is as follows: When firms audit some, but not all, of their respective suppliers, how do the degree centralities of the suppliers (i.e., the number of firms to which they supply) affect their auditing priority from the viewpoint of the firms? To investigate, we consider an assembly network consisting of two firms and three suppliers; each firm has one independent supplier that uniquely supplies to that firm and one common supplier that supplies to both. Academic/practical relevance: Most supply networks are characterized by firms that source from multiple suppliers and suppliers that serve multiple firms, thus resulting in suppliers who differ in their degree centrality. In such networks, any negative publicity from suppliers’ noncompliance with socially responsible practices—for example, employment of child labor, unsafe working conditions, and excessive pollution—can significantly damage the reputation of the buying firms. To mitigate this impact, firms preemptively audit suppliers although resource and time considerations typically restrict the number of suppliers a firm can audit. Consequently, it becomes important to understand the impact of the degree centralities of the suppliers on the priority with which firms audit them. Methodology: Game-theoretic analysis. Results: Downstream competition between the firms drives them away from auditing the supplier with higher centrality, that is, the common supplier, in equilibrium, despite the fact that auditing this supplier is better for the aggregate profit of the firms. We show that this inefficiency is corrected when the firms cooperate (via a stable coalition) to jointly audit the suppliers and share the auditing cost in a fair manner. We also identify conditions under which joint auditing improves social welfare. Managerial implications: We have two main messages: (i) individual incentives can lead firms to deprioritize the auditing of structurally important suppliers, which is inefficient; (ii) the practice of joint auditing can correct this inefficiency.

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5

Rezaei, Jafar, and Hamidreza Fallah Lajimi. "Segmenting supplies and suppliers: bringing together the purchasing portfolio matrix and the supplier potential matrix." International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications 22, no. 4 (October 16, 2018): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2018.1535649.

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6

Liu, Jia, and Kefan Xie. "Emergency supplies requisition negotiation principle of government in disasters." Kybernetes 45, no. 8 (September 5, 2016): 1174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2015-0192.

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Purpose When disasters occur, the Chinese national or local government and their relevant departments (hereinafter referred to as the government) probably need to acquire emergency supplies from suppliers. Before concluding a transaction, the public officials usually negotiate the quality and price of the emergency supplies with the suppliers. They expect to achieve the best relief effect while the suppliers want to maximize their own interests. Therefore, in order to help the government acquire inexpensive emergency supplies with high quality in a short time, the purpose of this paper is to examine the negotiation process and proposes a negotiation principle for the staff. Design/methodology/approach This paper first elaborates the characteristics and impact factors of emergency supplies requisition negotiation. Then it establishes a model describing the negotiation on price and quality of emergency supplies between the public officials and suppliers. Afterwards, it proposes an algorithm which can estimate the success rate of the negotiation. Finally, the paper employs the conclusion of the model and algorithm to analyze the emergency supplies requisition negotiation process during the China Lushan earthquake. Findings This paper proposes a “WRAD” principle of emergency supplies requisition negotiation of public officials in disasters. First, they should ensure the requisition price is not too low. Second, they would widen the difference between the high price and low price. Third, it is best for them to follow the principle of “ascending negotiation and descending choice” while selecting multiple suppliers to negotiate. Originality/value This paper establishes a model to study the emergency supplies requisition negotiation process between the public officials and suppliers based on evolutionary game theory. The model assumes that both the public officials and suppliers are not fully rational individuals, and they need time to consult with each other to find out the optimal solution. This paper proposes an innovative action principle of the public officials during the negotiation process which can help it to acquire inexpensive, high-quality, emergency supplies within a short period from the suppliers.

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Iskandar, Adi Panca Saputra, Kheri Arionadi Shobirin, and Komang Oka Saputra. "Analysis of Shopping Cart At Drugs Store By Using An Apriori Algorithm." International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technology 2, no. 1 (September 23, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijeet.2017.v02.i01.p20.

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Competition in the business world in the pharmacy industry, demands the Pharmacist to determine a strategy that can increase drug sales. One way is to overcome the problems that occur in drugs store such as problems and sales of drug recommendations to suppliers who still use the prediction system of pharmacists. Data growth is less so utilized, data and information become useless like waste, sales strategy only as a little assumption without information and knowledge in server, consequently sales down and not range and items become expired and stock procurement is not according to market demand. Extracting data or an effort to retrieve valuable knowladge and information in a large database is called data mining or Knowledge Discovery in Database or usually shortened as KDD . One of the most popular algorithm in data mining technic is Apriori Algorithm, while the discovery of “relational combination pattertn among itemset used Assosiation Rules”. Data mining has been implemented into the various fields like : business or trade, education and telecommunication. In bussiness for instance, the implementation result of data mining use ‘algorithm Apriori which can give a hand to help the Businessmen make decision on supplies. For example, the necessity of supplies system in a drugstore as one of the mecical stuff supplier, and to determine which product as the priority should be supplied to anticipate out of stock of supplies availability in the store, as the results will also affect to the consumer service and daily income. Drugs are essential unit should be supplied and being and essential factor which will impact to the consumer trust to a hospital or another medical service. That is why the availability of medical drugs in drugstores is completely needed to support the succes of distribution to the consumers, so the activity of medical service to consumers run thoroughly. In this case, data mining is seen as able to buildt intelligent business environment as solution for competing increated compitition among the drugstores in future.

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8

Kwon, Ik-Whan, and Sung-Ho Kim. "Framework for successful supply chain implementation in healthcare area from provider’s prospective." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 12, no. 2 (August 13, 2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjie-04-2018-0024.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore avenue where suppliers and manufacturers are aligned with health-care providers to improve supply chain visibility. Supply chain finance is explored to link suppliers/manufacturers with health-care providers. Design/methodology/approach Existing literature on supply chain visibility in health care forms a basis to achieve the study purpose. Alignment calls also for financial health where supply chain partners’ working capital is readily available to execute joint supply chain plan. Findings There is a disjoint in supply chain alliance between suppliers/manufacturers and providers where providers are unable to trace the origin of supplies. Quality care suffers and cost of care rises as providers search for supplies on an emergency basis. This paper provides a framework where solution can be formulated. Research limitations/implications Suppliers/manufactures form a direct strategic alliance with providers where product visibility enables health-care providers with a better patient management with lower cost of supplies. Inventory management and logistics cost will be lowered as better planning/forecasting is in place. This paper does not call for testing any hypothesis. Perhaps, next move along this line will be to investigate financial health of supply chain partners based on supplier relationship management practices. Originality/value This paper proposes health-care supply chain as an alternative solution to achieve the following twin purposes: controlling the cost while improving quality of care through supply chain finance. As far as we know, this study is the first attempt to achieve the goals.

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9

Henderson, Alex. "Supplies." Nursing Standard 3, no. 50 (September 9, 1989): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.3.50.27.s36.

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10

Izzah, Nailul, and Ardianik Ardianik. "SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN SUPPLIER OBAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT." Buana Matematika : Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 8, no. 2: (December 31, 2018): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/buana_matematika.8.2:.1731.73-80.

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The pharmacy is a place for distributing pharmaceutical supplies (medicines) to the public. As an agency that deals directly with customers and the number of suppliers who want to distribute their goods through the pharmacy, it is necessary to choose suppliers to establish good and profitable cooperation. This research was held at the Sulfa Sulfida Lamongan Pharmacy. The purpose of this study is to design and build a decision support system to select suppliers and their implementation. The method used in supplier selection is a weighted product, where suppliers will be assessed based on price criteria, payment tempo, timeliness of delivery, accuracy in number and service support. The results showed that the weighted product method can be implemented in the decision support system for selecting drug suppliers at the Sulfa Sulfida Lamongan Pharmacy. This is evidenced by the same value between the calculation of the system and manually or in the system. Key Word: decision support system, supplier, weighted product

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11

Imeri, Shpend, Khuram Shahzad, Josu Takala, Yang Liu, Ilkka Sillanpää, and Tahir Ali. "Evaluation And Selection Process of Suppliers Through Analytical Framework: An Emprical Evidence of Evaluation Tool." Management and Production Engineering Review 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2015-0022.

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AbstractThe supplier selection process is very important to companies as selecting the right suppliers that fit companies strategy needs brings drastic savings. Therefore, this paper seeks to address the key area of supplies evaluation from the supplier review perspective. The purpose was to identify the most important criteria for suppliers’ evaluation and develop evaluation tool based on surveyed criteria. The research was conducted through structured questionnaire and the sample focused on small to medium sized companies (SMEs) in Greece. In total eighty companies participated in the survey answering the full questionnaire which consisted of questions whether these companies utilize some suppliers’ evaluation criteria and what criteria if any is applied. The main statistical instrument used in the study is Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Thus, the research has shown that the main criteria are: the attitude of the vendor towards the customer, supplier delivery time, product quality and price. Conclusions are made on the suitability and usefulness of suppliers’ evaluation criteria and in way they are applied in enterprises.

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12

KHORRAMSHAHGOL, REZA. "AN INTEGRATED STRATEGIC APPROACH TO SUPPLIER EVALUATION AND SELECTION." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 11, no. 01 (January 2012): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500034.

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This paper, using goal programming (GP) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), proposes an integrated methodology to aid decision makers in (1) evaluating, screening and selecting best suppliers from among an exhaustive list of available suppliers and (2) determining the amount to be purchased from the selected suppliers. Along the supply chain, the suppliers, by being situated at the upstream of the chain, play a crucial role in successful management of the entire (subsequent) members of the chain and can have a significant impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of the rest of the chain, and ultimately, on the delivery of the desired products/services. Thus supplier selection can certainly contribute greatly to a firm's competitive advantage and its organizational success. This study suggests a screening and evaluation method, named supplier priority index matrix, to eliminate the least qualified suppliers and to choose the most promising ones. The remaining potential suppliers are evaluated and the best are selected from among them. Finally the AHP and GP are used to allocate the firm's total supplies among the chosen/selected suppliers.

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13

Limba, Kristina Megi. "TUGAS POKOK DAN FUNGSI APOTEKER SEBAGAI PELAKSANA PENGADAAN PERBEKALAN FARMASI DI RUMAH SAKIT." Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences (IJLFS) 11, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijlfs.2021.v11.i01.p05.

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One of the pharmaceutical services in the Hospital Pharmacy Installation is the management of pharmaceutical supplies. At the management stage, the procurement of pharmaceutical supplies greatly affects the availability of drugs in hospitals. Procurement is an activity to realize the planning needs for pharmaceutical supplies. The process of procuring pharmaceutical supplies must ensure availability, quantity, correct time at affordable prices according to quality standards. A pharmacist is in charge of every pharmaceutical supplies activity in the hospital. Therefore an understanding is needed for pharmacists regarding the main duties and functions of pharmacists in the procurement system. This study aims to discuss the main duties and functions of pharmacists in drug management, particularly the procurement of pharmaceutical supplies in hospitals. The research method used is literature study related to the procurement of pharmaceutical supplies in hospitals. The main duties and functions of pharmacists in the pharmaceutical supplies process include selecting the required pharmaceutical supplies, determining suppliers, determining the procurement method to evaluating the procurement process in hospitals.

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Olkuski, Tadeusz, Adam Szurlej, Barbara Tora, and Miłosz Karpiński. "Polish energy security in the oil sector." E3S Web of Conferences 108 (2019): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910802015.

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Almost all crude oil used in Poland is imported. The domestic production meets less than 4% of needs; therefore, to ensure the security of supplies, Poland relies heavily on imports. It is worth mentioning, however, that Poland has crude oil resources oil fields are located in the Carpathians, Polish Lowlands, and in the economic zone of the Baltic Sea. For years, crude oil is imported mainly from the East, however, a significant change in this approach, leading to an increase in seaborne oil supplies, has been observed in recent years. In 2017, 77.3% of crude oil was imported from Russia, while the rest was supplied from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Norway, and Kazakhstan. Increasing the diversification of supplies is, of course, a very positive phenomenon, because it allows reducing the dependence on one supplier, which is beneficial from the point of view of energy security. Taking into account a high dependence on oil imports, the article also discusses important factors affecting the global oil market: low investment in the upstream sector, a drastic decline in oil production in Venezuela, the impact of the U.S. embargo on Iran, or depleting oil reserves.

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Gardner, D. K., D. W. Linck, and C. B. Sheehan. "179 EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENT OUTCOME CAN BE COMPROMISED WITHOUT APPROPRIATE QUALITY CONTROL." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab179.

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The overall success of any embryology laboratory depends on its ability to maintain consistency from week to week. Quality control practices not only minimize variation within an experiment and increase cost effectiveness, but also make running the lab easier from day to day. From the media and oil overlay to the quality of culture ware, many factors impact the success of a laboratory. By screening contact supplies before they are used in an experiment, an additional variable may be removed. One way of screening contact supplies is to use a 1-cell mouse embryo assay (MEA). The aim of this study was to first identify a quality source of oil overlay and then examine the quality of plastic ware over the course of one year in an attempt to identify variables that are most often toxic to embryos. One-cell mouse embryos (C57BL/6 � CBA/Ca) were used to screen 10 lots of oil from 5 suppliers (n = 70 embryos per oil over 7 replicates). After safe oil was identified, contact supplies including filters, dishes, tubes, and bottles were tested (n = 30 embryos per assay over 3 replicates). Supplies were first soaked with a simple medium lacking amino acids, EDTA, and protein. The duration of medium exposure to contact supplies was the same as their intended use, i.e. bottles stored media for a week before testing. This medium was then used to make culture drops under safe oil. Embryos were grown for 5 days in the simple medium, and development was assessed at 78 and 96 h. Embryos that reached 50% early blastocyst development on Day 4 and 80% expanded blastocyst development on Day 5 were stained and total cell numbers assessed. Items whose embryos did not reach the developmental cut-off values on Day 4 or 5 failed the assay. Blastocyst cell numbers were compared to a known control, and those items that were significantly different failed the assay. Five out of 10 lots of oil failed; four of the lots were from the same supplier. In this assay, such oils failed each replicate. Of 94 contact supplies, 17 (18%) failed the MEA. There was no pattern for products that failed more often than another, i.e. filters did not fail more often than dishes or bottles. However, a general trend was identified for one supplier of oil, as this source appeared to have more toxic lots than those of other suppliers. Using a safe oil source is first priority in an embryology laboratory. There appears to be no way to predict toxicity of plastic ware, so all contact supplies must be either screened before use or introduced into a laboratory one at a time. General record keeping of lot numbers should make it easier to pinpoint potential problems with toxic plastic ware when they arise. The impact of this study is that without quality control in a laboratory, research studies can be compromised. This work was supported by Vitrolife.

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White, Anthony S., and Michael Censlive. "Resilience to Supply Disruptions in a Non-Linear Two-Tier Supply Chain Model." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 13, no. 2 (April 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2020040101.

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This article describes using a nonlinear APVIOBPCS to model the resilience response to the failure of one of the suppliers of a two-tier supply chain comprising a retailer and two suppliers. The second supplier then supplies all the goods required by the retailer. The model is chosen as the simplest case to examine resilience. Time to recover from disruption to ship all goods required by customers is slightly worse when the order rate when it reaches capacity limits but is less than the delay in the system from supplier to final shipment. Just over one weeks' maximum shipments stock at each tier guarantees shipments impervious to the collapse of one supplier, controller type has little effect on the performance of the model. These results agree with other researchers in general trend but not in detail. The response does not match the ‘Resilience Triangle.'

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17

Rucha, Kingsford M., and Amina Nassor Abdallah. "Effect of Supplier Relationship Management on Humanitarian Supply Chain Performance at the World Food Programme in Somalia." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 16 (June 30, 2017): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n16p250.

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The study sought to unfold the relationship between Supplier Relationship Management on supply chain in humanitarian organizations which is often difficult because of the multi-groups involved (military, government, Non-governmental Organizations). In humanitarian organizations the “customer” is the donor or supplier of goods. The study was conducted at the World Food Programme (WFP) which started operating in Somalia in 1967 and focusing on rural agricultural development and school feeding projects. At the onset of WFP operations, the conflict escalated and the humanitarian needs expanded as well. Today the WFP Somalia goal is to address basic food needs, strengthen coping mechanisms and support the efforts to achieve food security of vulnerable Somalis. The organization has its regional office in charge of operations and supply chain in Nairobi as well as the Somalia liaison office. There are rare studies focusing on supply chain relationship among humanitarian organizations particularly on the challenges of getting supplies on time due financial and other supply chain constraints. This is the gap this study sought to address. In order to achieve the objectives, the population of the study was the WFP employees (senior and the supply chain staff) in both the regional and the liaison office and the WFP food suppliers based in Nairobi. The sample comprised of 87 WFP employees and 7 personnel from the WFP food supplier family. Data was collected from 63 respondents who filled and returned the questionnaires representing a response rate rate of 72%. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data collected in order to meet the objectives of the study. The results revealed that WFP continuously trains employees from the supply chain department and has mechanisms for ensuring suppliers conform to quality standards. It was also found that ICT is used in the execution and management of purchase orders. On WFP humanitarian supply chain performance, results indicated that WFP Somalia delivers defect free food supplies to beneficiaries by working closely with the internal staff and the logistics operators. The study recommends that WFP’s management should begin rewarding suppliers who share information for effective supply chain management. The organization should not only have multiple supply tiers but should also be well vast with each tiers risk profile to enable the organization mitigate any unforeseen events that may affect delivery of supplies especially during emergencies.

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18

Micheli, Guido J. L. "A decision‐maker‐centred supplier selection approach for critical supplies." Management Decision 46, no. 6 (June 20, 2008): 918–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740810882671.

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19

BAYLISS, C. R. "POWER SUPPLIES." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 108, no. 6 (November 1995): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/icien.1995.28045.

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20

Gale, Alien E. "Drug supplies." Medical Journal of Australia 142, no. 9 (April 1985): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb133217.x.

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21

Smallridge, Rachel. "Maintaining supplies." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 7, no. 2 (February 2006): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1866.

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22

Gershon, Diane. "Scientific supplies." Nature 365, no. 6444 (September 1993): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/365370a0.

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23

Mason-Jones, R., and D. R. Towill. "Enlightening supplies." Manufacturing Engineer 76, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/me:19970408.

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Zwolinski, K. "Changing supplies." Manufacturing Engineer 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/me:20030112.

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25

Henderson, Gregory S. "Finding Supplies." New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 15 (October 13, 2005): 1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp058230.

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Maciąg, Ewa, Monika Świątkowska, Ewa Świstak, and Agnieszka Bobola. "CRITERIA OF FOOD SUPPLIER CHOICE IN THE CASE OF THE PROSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF A GASTRONOMIC ENTERPRISE." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2953.

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The aim of the paper was to isolate the main criteria for the choice of food suppliers on the market including the type of eatery, type of cuisine, how long the place has existed on the market and the source of food supplies. The study was conducted between 2012 and 2016. Analysis has showed that eateries draw their supplies from wholesalers who deliver and self-service wholesalers. The most significant criteria for the choice of suppliers include: price, quality of goods as well as speed and timeliness of deliveries. Suppliers have been chosen according to a persistent model for years in spite of changes that have occurred in consumption trends.

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Heilpern, Sebastian A., Ruth DeFries, Kathryn Fiorella, Alexander Flecker, Suresh A. Sethi, María Uriarte, and Shahid Naeem. "Declining diversity of wild-caught species puts dietary nutrient supplies at risk." Science Advances 7, no. 22 (May 2021): eabf9967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf9967.

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Although biodiversity loss adversely influences a variety of ecosystem functions, how declining wild food diversity affects nutrient supplies for people is poorly understood. Here, we analyze the impact of declining biodiversity on nutrients supplied by fish using detailed information from the Peruvian Amazon, where inland fisheries provide a critical source of nutrition for many of the region’s 800,000 people. We found that the impacts of biodiversity loss on nutrient supplies depended on compensation, trophic dynamics, and functional diversity. When small sedentary species compensated for declines in large migratory species, fatty acid supplies increased, while zinc and iron supplies decreased. In contrast, the probability of failing to maintain supplies or nutrient supply risk increased when species were nutritionally unique. Our results show that trait-based regulations and public health polices need to consider biodiversity’s vital role in sustaining nutritional benefits for over 2 billion people dependent on wild foods across the globe.

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Stonis, Danylo. "DIVERSIFICATION OF GAS SUPPLIES AS A CORNERSTONE OF GAS SECURITY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE THREE SEAS INITIATIVE." Three Seas Economic Journal 2, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2021-2-1.

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The article overviews approaches to the diversification of gas supplies in the framework of the Three Seas Initiative. The modern geopolitical situation in Eastern and Central Europe is characterized by transformation processes in the energy sector. Due to the implementation of decarbonization policy in the European Union and subsequent shift from coal as a main energy source, a need in alternative fuel sources, such as natural gas, emerges. Therefore, a significant increase in natural gas consumption is expected, which raises a number of issues, such as dependence on a single gas supplier and orientation of the EU’s gas transmission system in East-West direction only. This issue is crucial for Eastern and Central European states, due to the underdeveloped gas infrastructure in the region and heavy dependence on a single gas supplier, such as Russia or Turkey. Hence, the Three Seas Initiative is considered as a powerful tool, designed to develop energy, transport and digital infrastructure of the region in the North-South direction, where one of the most potentially promising projects within the framework of the Three Seas Initiative is represented by the development of gas infrastructure, aimed at solving the diversification of supplies in the gas market in Eastern and Central Europe. The implementation of developed gas infrastructure and diversification of gas supplies consists of several regional projects that are relevant for those countries in the region in which they are implemented in particular and for all member states of the Three Seas Initiative in general. The main purpose of the implementation of these projects is the creation of a unified natural gas transportation infrastructure in Eastern Europe along the North-South axis. The result of such a grand reorganization in the field of gas supplies to Europe will be an increase in the number of independent suppliers in the European gas market and a decrease in the dependence of the EU countries on gas supplies from Russia. In the article, the author traced in detail the tendency of the formation of energy infrastructure along the North-South axis with focus on the projects that are being implemented by each of the participating countries within the framework of the Three Seas Initiative. This approach allows to assess the scale and integrity of the gas transportation infrastructure, that is being created in the Eastern Europe region and its contribution to the common European energy security policy.

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29

Zechner, Lily. "Peer Reviewed Articles: Understanding VAT in Three-Party, Platform-Based Business Models: Which Party Is Supplying Which Service?" EC Tax Review 31, Issue 4 (June 1, 2022): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2022018.

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Three-party business models in which a platform operator intermediates between a supplier providing a service and a customer buying a service have become an important part of our daily lives. For purposes of European Value Added Tax (VAT), each transaction occurring as part of a three-party business model must be attributed to a ‘taxable’ person responsible for the VAT. Generally, suppliers may provide their services for VAT purposes as proprietary traders, undisclosed agents or disclosed agents, with varying VAT consequences. While there is little explicit case law specifying how to identify the two forms of agency, this article provides a framework for a distinction by building upon the case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), taking into consideration the economic and commercial reality of each case and placing particular emphasis on the view of the average consumer. To contribute to a more uniform approach in attributing supplies in three-party, platform-based business models, specifically, this article develops indicators for assessing the relevant facts and ascertaining the economic reality of a case. Lastly, this article provides a method for differentiating agents from providers of electronically supplied services under current EU VAT law. EU VAT law, Attribution of services, Platform economy, Three-party business models, Disclosed agency, Undisclosed agency, Electronically supplied services, ECJ’s ‘economic approach, View of the average consumer, Uniform interpretation of VAT law

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Gurina, M. V. "British Wheat Supplies to the USSR and Food Crisis in Iran in 1942." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 1, 2020 (2020): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-1-249-257.

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The article is devoted to the problem of British wheat supplies to the USSR and overcoming the food crisis in Iran in 1942. During the Second World War, England supplied to the USSR under Lend-Lease, including through Iran (the “Persian corridor”), however, due to food supplies in 1942, friction arose between the Allies. During lengthy negotiations, England and the USSR made mutual concessions. England supplied Canadian wheat, but at its own expense, the USSR believed that all deliveries through the «Persian corridor» should go into its ownership. As a result of the negotiations, the parties found understanding based on the interests of the starving Iranian population. England agreed to give part of the wheat supplies to the USSR, and the USSR agreed to distribute this wheat in northern Iran among the starving population. Thus, England was possible to cope with the famine in Iran, the USSR contributed to this.

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31

Odell, Peter. "Global Energy Market: Future Supplies Potentials." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 12, no. 1 (February 1994): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879401200107.

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World energy supplies to the year 2010 are reviewed. At energy and oil prices not significantly different from $18 per barrel oil in 1992 money terms, there are alternatives to the Middle East becoming the core supplier of oil.

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32

Hutagalung, Juniar. "Studi Kelayakan Pemilihan Supplier Perlengkapan Dan ATK Menggunakan Metode SAW (Simple Additive Weighting)." J-SAKTI (Jurnal Sains Komputer dan Informatika) 3, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/j-sakti.v3i2.154.

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Office Supplies and Stationery (ATK) are equipment that is often used in offices, companies and organizations, include cabinet filling, perforators, calculators, paper clips, staplers, numerators, guides, flashdisks, paper punches, pens and paper, paper shredder, computers, printers, facsimile machines, photocopiers, archive folders and cash registers, office furniture. Supplier is part of the supplier chain that influences the development of a company. Problems that are often experienced by PT. PLN Engineering such as late arrivals and lack of quality equipment and stationery from suppliers, therefore it needs to be re-ordered or returned to suppliers, so that time is wasted. Storage of data on procurement of equipment and stationery that are still conventional so that it is not effective and efficient in terms of time, cost and energy, let alone supplier selection which is still subjective. The purpose of this study makes it easier for competent parties to make decisions at PT. PLN Engineering in selecting the best supplier to be consistent in maintaining the determined criteria so as to minimize the risk and not disappoint the company. Incorrect supplier selection affects the quality and costs incurred in buying equipment and stationery from suppliers, how to overcome them requires a decision support system (SPK) that is able to accurately select the most suitable supplier. The method of Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) combined with fuzification is the right method for evaluating the best suppliers. The most important criteria are Price of Goods, Quality of Goods, Delivery Time, Location Distance, Goods Packaging, Accuracy of Goods, Flexibility, Track Record. The conclusion of the test results is the SAW method is able to show that the ranking of the best suppliers with the highest value of 0.89 is UD. Bintang Mulia.

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SMITH, A., M. REACHER, W. SMERDON, G. K. ADAK, G. NICHOLS, and R. M. CHALMERS. "Outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales, 1992–2003." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 6 (May 11, 2006): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806006406.

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We reviewed the epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of 89 reported outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease affecting 4321 people in England and Wales over the period 1992–2003. Public water supplies were implicated in 24 outbreaks (27%), private water supplies in 25 (28%), swimming pools in 35 (39%) and other sources in five outbreaks (6%). Cryptosporidium was implicated in 69% of outbreaks, Campylobacter sp. in 14%, Giardia in 2%, E. coli O157 in 3% and Astrovirus in 1%. From 2000, there was a consistent decline in the number of outbreaks of waterborne disease associated with public water supplies. The incidence rate of outbreaks in recipients of private water supplies may be as high as 35 times the rate in those receiving public water supplies (1830 vs. 53 per million population). Private water suppliers need to be aware of the importance of adequate treatment and the prevention of faecal contamination of storage water. Swimming-pool operators need to ensure chlorination and in particular adequate filtration measures are in place.

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Castro e Silva, Andreia de, Robson Seleme, Wiliam de Assis Silva, Izabel Cristina Zattar, Elpidio Oscar Benitez Nara, Osiris Canciglieri Júnior, and Lisianne Brittes Benitez. "Evaluation and Choice Criteria of Sustainable Suppliers in the Construction Industry: A Comparative Study in Brazilian Companies." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315711.

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This article seeks to develop criteria for evaluating sustainable suppliers in civil construction and to contribute to improving the understanding of the factors that influence the selection of sustainable suppliers. Organizations should develop strategies that motivate suppliers to participate in green supply-chain initiatives, as supplier selection can directly interfere with sustainability performance at work. However, there is a gap in the research that addresses the selection of sustainable suppliers in the Brazilian context of civil construction related to certifications for sustainable construction. To fill this gap, the present article used literature-review methodologies, content analysis, data triangulation, and field research through a survey. The literature review identifies the certifiable standards for sustainable construction most cited in the literature: LEED, AQUA, BREEAM, and CASBEE. The standards analysis allows us to identify seven similar supply criteria for sustainable construction certifications. The parameters of each certification were analyzed to define those related to the selection of suppliers, identifying those that qualify a supplier as environmentally sustainable. We found that 60.7% of respondents work in companies without certifications, 75% know sustainable procurement, 50% of companies had established a sustainable procurement policy, and 83% of companies had a strategy for selecting suppliers. The results of this research contribute to construction companies being able to rank the importance of these criteria when choosing a supplier, in addition to having access to the mapping of essential criteria, allowing a search for greater interaction between the links of the green supply chain and rendering buildings and supplies more sustainable.

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Singh, S. R., and Diksha Bhatia. "An Integrated Vendor-Buyer Model with Uncertain Lead Time, Life Time under Inflation and Variable Holding Cost." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 2, no. 3 (July 2011): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joris.2011070104.

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This study considers the problem of a vendor which supplies an item to the buyer with imprecise partial backlogging rate of unsatisfied demand and non instantaneous deterioration rate considering variable holding cost, the effect of inflation and time value of money. The supplier’s lead time is a stochastic function of his managing cost. The extra costs incurred by the retailer due to the uncertain lead time in terms of shortage costs or lost sales costs should be owed by the supplier. A numerical example is cited to illustrate the results and its significant features. Finally, to study the effect of changes of demand parameters, deterioration, inflation and managing cost on supplier and the retailer’s profit, a sensitivity analysis is presented numerically.

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Singh, S. R., and Diksha Bhatia. "An Integrated Vendor - Buyer Model with Uncertain Lead Time, Life Time under Inflation and Variable Holding Cost." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joris.2011100106.

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This paper considers the problem of a vendor which supplies an item to the buyer with imprecise partial backlogging rate of unsatisfied demand and non instantaneous deterioration rate considering variable holding cost, the effect of inflation and time value of money. Supplier’s lead time is a stochastic function of his managing cost. The extra costs incurred on the retailer due to the uncertain lead time in terms of shortages costs or lost sales costs should be owed by the supplier. A numerical example is cited to illustrate the results and its significant features. Finally, to study the effect of changes of demand parameters, deterioration, inflation and managing cost on supplier and the retailer’s profit, a sensitivity analysis is presented numerically.

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37

Pujotomo, Darminto, Nia Budi Puspitasari, and Dwi Rizkiyani. "INTEGRASI METODE ANP DAN TOPSIS DALAM EVALUASI KINERJA SUPPLIER DAN PENENTUAN PRIORITAS SUPPLIER BAHAN BAKU UTAMA CETAK KORAN PADA PT MASSCOM GRAPHY SEMARANG." J@ti Undip : Jurnal Teknik Industri 11, no. 3 (January 3, 2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jati.11.3.151-160.

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Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan adalah keberadaan supplier yang berperan sebagai pemasok kebutuhan atau penyedia bahan baku. PT Masscom Graphy Semarang merupakan perusahaan percetakan yang telah menjalin kerjasama dengan beberapa supplier untuk menjamin kelangsungan produksinya. Oleh karena itu evaluasi kinerja supplier sangat penting dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk mendapatkan supplier yang handal dalam memasok bahan baku. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kriteria evaluasi kinerja supplier dan penentuan prioritas supplier yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan, dan menentukan urutan prioritas supplier untuk bahan baku utama cetak koran. Terdapat 17 subkriteria yang digunakan dalam evaluasi kinerja supplier dan penentuan prioritas supplier. Metode Analytical Network Process (ANP) dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk suatu permasalahan yang memiliki banyak subkriteria yang saling berkaitan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Selanjutnya metode Technique For Orders Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) digunakan untuk perankingan supplier. Berdasarkan pembobotan subkriteria dengan menggunakan ANP, subkriteria yang paling besar pengaruhnya dalam evaluasi supplier adalah harga penawaran sebesar 0,17227. Selanjutnya, penentuan prioritas supplier dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode TOPSIS dan didapatkan urutan supplier untuk bahan baku kertas CD roll adalah supplier A, B, C, dan D, sedangkan untuk bahan baku tinta web adalah supplier L, N, O, dan M. ABSTRACT One of the factors that influence the company performance is the presence of suppliers which supplies raw materials. PT Masscom Graphy Semarang is a printing company which has cooperated with several suppliers to ensure continuity of production. Therefore, supplier performance evaluation conducted by the company is very important to obtain a reliable supplier in the supply of raw materials. The purpose of this research was to identify the supplier performance evaluation criteria and priorities of suppliers in accordance with the company's needs, and determined the priority order of the main raw material supplier for newspaper print. There was 17 sub-criteria used in evaluating the performance of suppliers and prioritization of suppliers. Analytical Network Process (ANP) can be used as an alternative to solve a problem that had many interrelated sub-criteria or influence in decision making. Furthermore, the method Technique For Orders Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used for ranking suppliers. Based on the weighted sub-criteria by using ANP, the most influence subcriteria in determining the priority of suppliers offering price of 0.17227. Furthermore, to the supplier prioritization was done by using the TOPSIS method and obtained the order suppliers for raw materials paper roll was a supplier A, B, C, and D, while the raw material for the ink web was a supplier of L, N, O and M.

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Anonymous. "Free Supplies Available." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 15, no. 9 (September 1989): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-19890901-22.

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39

Brumbaugh, Philip S. "Future Energy Supplies." Science 264, no. 5155 (April 1994): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5155.15.c.

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40

Clark, Mary E. "Future Energy Supplies." Science 264, no. 5155 (April 1994): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5155.15.b.

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41

Brumbaugh, Philip S. "Future Energy Supplies." Science 264, no. 5155 (April 1994): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5155.15-c.

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42

Hicks, G. P. "Uninterruptible Power Supplies." IEE Review 39, no. 5 (1993): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ir:19930097.

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43

Falk, Howard. "Uninterruptible power supplies." Electronic Library 8, no. 4 (April 1990): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb044994.

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44

Anstadt, George W. "First Aid Supplies." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 33, no. 1 (January 1991): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199101000-00001.

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45

Fox, R. "Orf vaccine supplies." Veterinary Record 120, no. 26 (June 27, 1987): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.120.26.624.

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46

Barth, Eric B., Angie K. Parr, and Charles M. Ginsburg. "EMERGENCY OFFICE SUPPLIES." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 8, no. 6 (June 1989): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198906000-00016.

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47

Price, Bennett J. "Uninterruptible Power Supplies." Library Hi Tech 7, no. 2 (February 1989): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb047755.

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48

Adler, E. M. "Maintaining Copper Supplies." Science Signaling 3, no. 121 (May 11, 2010): ec138-ec138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.3121ec138.

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Clark, M. E. "Future Energy Supplies." Science 264, no. 5155 (April 1, 1994): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5155.15-a.

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Brumbaugh, P. S. "Future Energy Supplies." Science 264, no. 5155 (April 1, 1994): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5155.15-b.

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