Journal articles on the topic 'Supplies to allocate'
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1
KHORRAMSHAHGOL, REZA. "AN INTEGRATED STRATEGIC APPROACH TO SUPPLIER EVALUATION AND SELECTION." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 11, no. 01 (January 2012): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500034.
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This paper, using goal programming (GP) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), proposes an integrated methodology to aid decision makers in (1) evaluating, screening and selecting best suppliers from among an exhaustive list of available suppliers and (2) determining the amount to be purchased from the selected suppliers. Along the supply chain, the suppliers, by being situated at the upstream of the chain, play a crucial role in successful management of the entire (subsequent) members of the chain and can have a significant impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of the rest of the chain, and ultimately, on the delivery of the desired products/services. Thus supplier selection can certainly contribute greatly to a firm's competitive advantage and its organizational success. This study suggests a screening and evaluation method, named supplier priority index matrix, to eliminate the least qualified suppliers and to choose the most promising ones. The remaining potential suppliers are evaluated and the best are selected from among them. Finally the AHP and GP are used to allocate the firm's total supplies among the chosen/selected suppliers.
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Moore, Sean M., and Justin Lessler. "Optimal allocation of the limited oral cholera vaccine supply between endemic and epidemic settings." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 111 (October 2015): 20150703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0703.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) recently established a global stockpile of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) to be preferentially used in epidemic response (reactive campaigns) with any vaccine remaining after 1 year allocated to endemic settings. Hence, the number of cholera cases or deaths prevented in an endemic setting represents the minimum utility of these doses, and the optimal risk-averse response to any reactive vaccination request (i.e. the minimax strategy) is one that allocates the remaining doses between the requested epidemic response and endemic use in order to ensure that at least this minimum utility is achieved. Using mathematical models, we find that the best minimax strategy is to allocate the majority of doses to reactive campaigns, unless the request came late in the targeted epidemic. As vaccine supplies dwindle, the case for reactive use of the remaining doses grows stronger. Our analysis provides a lower bound for the amount of OCV to keep in reserve when responding to any request. These results provide a strategic context for the fulfilment of requests to the stockpile, and define allocation strategies that minimize the number of OCV doses that are allocated to suboptimal situations.
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Irving, Louis John, and Sayuki Mori. "Effects of Light, N and Defoliation on Biomass Allocation in Poa annua." Plants 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091783.
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Plants allocate biomass to above- and below-ground organs in response to environmental conditions. While the broad patterns are well-understood, the mechanisms by which plants allocate new growth remain unclear. Modeling approaches to biomass allocation broadly split into functional equilibrium type models and more mechanistically based transport resistance type models. We grew Poa annua plants in split root boxes under high and low light levels, high and low N supplies, with N supplied equally or unequally. Our data suggest that light level had the strongest effect on root mass, with N level being more important in controlling shoot mass. Allocation of growth within the root system was compatible with phloem partitioning models. The root mass fraction was affected by both light and N levels, although within light levels the changes were primarily due to changes in shoot growth, with root mass remaining relatively invariant. Under low light conditions, plants exhibited increased specific leaf area, presumably to compensate for low light levels. In a follow-up experiment, we showed that differential root growth could be suppressed by defoliation under low light conditions. Our data were more compatible with transport resistance type models.
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Castleberry, Brad B., and ara R. Thornton. "The Potential Impact of Federal Laws On State Water Supplies." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 1, no. 1 (October 2013): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v1.i1.6.
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States have long held the exclusive right to allocate their surface and groundwater supplies absent some express federal authority, usually via a contract with a federal agency for stored water in a federally sponsored and funded project. Over time, however, an emphasis on federal involvement has led to scrutiny of projects where there are no federal dollars being expended—only federal permits needed to implement projects by the states. This federal involvement can sometimes have extremely costly impacts to states, effectively creating an invisible dam of laws and regulations under the guise of protecting the environment. This paper will explore a few of those actions that are currently being experienced in the arid southwest where new reservoirs are needed to support a growing population and a thirst for water that cannot be quenched by conservation alone.
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Barri Khojasteh, Samad, and Irfan Macit. "A Stochastic Programming Model for Decision-Making Concerning Medical Supply Location and Allocation in Disaster Management." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2017): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.9.
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AbstractWe propose a stochastic programming model as a solution for optimizing the problem of locating and allocating medical supplies used in disaster management. To prepare for natural disasters, we developed a stochastic optimization approach to select the storage location of medical supplies and determine their inventory levels and to allocate each type of medical supply. Our model also captures disaster elaborations and possible effects of disasters by using a new classification for major earthquake scenarios. We present a case study for our model for the preparedness phase. As a case study, we applied our model to earthquake planning in Adana, Turkey. The experimental evaluations showed that the model is robust and effective. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:747–755)
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Hodge, James G., Dan Hanfling, and Tia P. Powell. "Practical, Ethical, and Legal Challenges Underlying Crisis Standards of Care." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, S1 (2013): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12039.
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Public health emergencies invariably entail difficult decisions among medical and emergency first responders about how to allocate essential, scarce resources (e.g., medicines, supplies, personnel). To the extent that these critical choices can profoundly impact community and individual health outcomes, achieving consistency in how these decisions are executed is valuable. Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, however, public and private sector allocation plans and decisions have followed uncertain paths. Lacking empirical evidence and national input, various entities and actors have proffered multifarious approaches on how best to allocate scarce resources to protect the public's health. Though beneficial in some jurisdictions, these approaches fail to clarify how the type and amount of care delivered in major emergencies might be curtailed. This is due, in part, to a lack of meaningful guidance on shifting standards of care in major emergencies.
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Eydi, Alireza, and Leyla Fazli. "A Multi-Period Multiple Objective Uncertain Programming Model to Allocate Order for Supplier Selection Problem." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 33, no. 06 (December 2016): 1650045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595916500457.
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As a basic part of organizations’ logistics management, purchasing function has supplier selection as one of its main responsibilities. One of the main objectives a buyer follows in supplier selection is to determine optimal quota to be allocated to each supplier. How to allocate orders to different suppliers is as important task as it may affect efficiency of the whole chain. Also, due to variations in real-world business environment, order allocation process is always associated with uncertainties that make it complicated. Therefore, a three-stage integrated framework with environmental uncertainties considered is proposed to allocate orders; this framework can determine qualified suppliers to whom it assigns optimal quota. Considering multi-period purchases and uncertainties, this framework presents a multi-objective nonlinear programming model to determine optimal quota to be allocated to each qualified supplier within each specified period. In order to have the order allocation process closer to real-world cases while increasing the reliability of the obtained solutions, time value of money, inflation, transportation modes, supplier’s profit, and pricing strategy are considered in this model. According to uncertain structure of the proposed model, a solution strategy is proposed to convert this model into a single-objective deterministic model. Then, the resulted single-objective deterministic model is solved by proposing three evolutionary metaheuristic algorithms based on cuckoo optimization algorithm and imperialist competitive algorithm. Finally, a sample problem is presented together with some statistical tests and sensitivity analyses to assess and examine the proposed framework.
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Watto, Muhammad Arif, and Amin William Mugera. "Irrigation water demand and implications for groundwater pricing in Pakistan." Water Policy 18, no. 3 (December 22, 2015): 565–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.160.
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This study employs the positive mathematical programming (PMP) approach to estimate groundwater derived demand for irrigation using a cross-sectional dataset of 200 predominantly groundwater irrigated farms from the Punjab province of Pakistan. First, we find that the PMP optimal solution uses less water than what is available (being extracted) in order to make farmers allocate all the available land to different crops. Second, when water supplies are constrained farmers allocate land to different crops based on their total returns, not on the irrigation water requirements. The study results suggest that the limiting/constraining groundwater extractions would induce farmers to reconsider their irrigation water demand. The study findings suggest an introduction of Rs. 0.04/m3 of groundwater would not decrease farm income rather it would make farmers aware of the economic value of water. We suggest that although water pricing can induce an efficient use of groundwater extractions, additional policies are also required that improve irrigation water use efficiency.
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Ariyanti, Yunila Dwi Putri, Mustafid, and Oky Dwi Nurhayati. "Forecasting and Controlling the Food Supply System in Hospital Using Exponential Smoothing." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 13014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187313014.
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The satisfaction of patient care is an indicator of good performance in hospitals, one of which plays a critical role is a logistic serving of food. With the fluctuating number of patients, the hospital should be able to meet the demand for the number of patients each day. This study aims to build the system of forecasting and controlling the food supplies to determine the number of servings of food supplies in the next period. The implementation of Exponential Smoothing method is used to predict the number of servings should be available for the next period. Amount of food raw material is controlled using re-orders point model, it aims to anticipate the occurrence of stockout with the minimum amount of food provides should be available. The data were obtained from the requested amount of food during 212 days for three times, morning, noon, and night. Forecasting values using alpha parameters 0.3 and 0.7 with a minimum forecasting error calculation using MAPE for alpha 0.7 with a value 12.81% for morning time, 11.59% during the day, and 10.96% night time. Forecasting result not only can be used to allocate food supplies but also to control stock of raw material food.
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Ge, Tao. "Requirements Analysis on the Highway Emergency Resource Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2779.
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In order to allocate the highway emergency resources rationally, with the timeliness, importance, scarcity and capital occupancy of the emergency supplies used as evaluation indexes, this paper use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each index, and use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the emergency resource demands. The paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of resource requirements for highway emergency resources ,such as the highway patrol car, sweeper truck, fire engines, medical vehicles and wrecker. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the results are rational,effective and more consistent with reality, on which can be based in emergency resource allocation.
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Tong, Jie, Ji Hua Fu, and Zhong Yu Wang. "An Improved Method for Estimating the Seismic Intensity Based on Grey System Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 103 (September 2011): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.531.
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When a big earthquake happens, the reliable estimation of the earthquake damage within a short time is very important for the government to allocate the rescue personnel and supplies. A new method to estimate the seismic intensity rapidly based on the grey system theory is proposed in this paper. The seismic intensity is closely related to the ground motion parameters, which indicates it can be obtained simultaneously by knowing the ground motion parameters. Through the preliminary theory and experiment analysis, the method could be used to estimate the seismic intensity accurately with less calculation and strong real time characteristics.
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Cegan, Jeffrey C., Benjamin D. Trump, Matthew D. Joyner, PhD, Kaitlin M. Volk, Melissa A. Surette, Jonathan P. Garrett, Susan M. Cibulsky, Gary Kleinman, W. Russell Webster, and Igor Linkov. "A systems approach for resources management during the COVID-19 pandemic: Multi-agency perspectives from New England." Journal of Emergency Management 18, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0546.
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The emergence of COVID-19 in the United States has overwhelmed local hospitals, produced shortages in critical protective supplies for medical staff, and created backlogs in burials and cremations. Because systemic disruptions occur most acutely at a local scale, facilitating resource coordination across a broad region can assist local responses to COVID-19 surges. This article describes a structured systems approach for coordinating COVID-19 resource distribution across the six New England states of the United States. The framework combines modeling tools to anticipate resource shortages in medical supplies, personnel needs, and fatality management for individual states. The approach allows decision makers to understand the magnitude of local outbreaks and equitably allocate resources within a region based on the present and future needs. This model contributed to determining material distribution in New England as the 2020 COVID-19 surges unfolded in the spring and fall seasons. Using a systems analysis, the model demonstrates the translation of anticipated COVID-19 cases into resource demands to enable regional coordination of scarce resources.
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Pissinati, Paloma de Souza Cavalcante, Maria do Carmo Lourenço Haddad, Mariana Ângela Rossaneis, Roseli Broggi Gil, and Renata Aparecida Belei. "Costs of reusable and disposable aprons in a public teaching hospital." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, no. 5 (October 2014): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-6234201400005000019.
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Objective To analyze the direct cost of reusable and disposable aprons in a public teaching hospital. Method Cross-sectional study of quantitative approach, focusing on the direct cost of reusable and disposable aprons at a teaching hospital in northern Paraná. The study population consisted of secondary data collected in reports of the cost of services, laundry, materials and supplies division of the institution for the year 2012 Results We identified a lower average cost of using disposable apron when compared to the reusable apron. The direct cost of reusable apron was R$ 3.06, and the steps of preparation and washing were mainly responsible for the high cost, and disposable apron cost was R$ 0.94. Conclusion The results presented are important for hospital managers properly allocate resources and manage costs in hospitals .
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Bateni, MohammadHossein, Yiwei Chen, Dragos Florin Ciocan, and Vahab Mirrokni. "Fair Resource Allocation in a Volatile Marketplace." Operations Research 70, no. 1 (January 2022): 288–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2020.2049.
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In settings where a platform must allocate finite supplies of goods to buyers, balancing overall platform revenues with the fairness of the individual allocations to platform participants is paramount to the well-functioning of the platform. This is made even more difficult by the fact that the supply of goods is in practice stochastic and difficult to forecast, such as in the case of online ad allocation, where the platform manages a supply of impressions that varies over time. In this paper, we design a fair allocation scheme that works in the presence of supply uncertainty. Algorithmically, the scheme repeatedly solves for Fisher market equilibria in a model predictive control fashion and is proved to admit constant factor guarantees versus the offline optimal. In addition, the scheme is tested on a sequence of real ad datasets, showing strong empirical performance.
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Garrick, Dustin E., Michael Hanemann, and Cameron Hepburn. "Rethinking the economics of water: an assessment." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 36, no. 1 (2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grz035.
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Abstract Water is rising on the policy agenda as population growth and climate change intensify scarcity, shocks, and access inequalities. The conventional economic policy recommendations—privatization, pricing, and property rights—have struggled due to a failure to account adequately for the politics of water and the associated distributional conflicts. We identify distinctive social and physical characteristics of water supply and demand, and explore their implications for three central areas of water policy: financing infrastructure, pricing, and property rights reform. Growing dependence on groundwater and non-networked water supplies exacerbates these challenges and reinforces the need to rethink the economics of water and tackle the political challenges head on. Meeting the water sustainable development goals would require institutional and technological innovations to supply, allocate, and manage water, as well as a sustained political and financial commitment to address those who might be left behind.
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Singh, Amol. "Multi-period demand allocation among supplier in a supply chain." Journal of Modelling in Management 10, no. 2 (July 20, 2015): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-09-2013-0046.
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Purpose – This paper aims to address the problem of optimal allocation of demand of items among candidate suppliers to maximize the purchase value of items. The purchase value of the items directly relates to cost and quality of raw materials purchased from the supplier. In an increasingly competitive environment, firms are paying more attention to selecting the right suppliers for procurement of raw materials and component parts for their products. The present research work focuses on this issue of supply chain management. Design/methodology/approach – This present research work devises a hybrid algorithm for multi-period demand allocation among the suppliers. The customer demand is allocated by using a hybrid algorithm based on the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), fuzzy set theory and the mixed linear integer programming (MILP) approaches. Findings – The supply chain network is witnessing a changing business environment due to government policies aimed at promoting new small manufacturing enterprises (small and medium-sized enterprises) for intermediate parts and components. Hence, the managers have an option to select a new group of suppliers and allocate the optimal multi-period demand among the new group of suppliers to maximize their purchase value. In this context, the proposed hybrid model would be beneficial for the managers to operate their supply chain effectively and efficiently. The present research work will be helpful for the managers who are interested to reconfigure their supply chain under the failure of any supply chain partner or in a changing business environment. The model provides flexibility to the managers for evaluation of the different available alternatives to take a decision of optimal demand allocation among the suppliers. The proposed hybrid (fuzzy, TOPSIS and MILP) model provides more objective information for supplier evaluation and demand allocation among suppliers in a supply chain. The managers can use the proposed model to the analysis of other management decision-making problems. Originality/value – This present research work devises a hybrid algorithm for multi-period demand allocation among the suppliers. This hybrid algorithm prioritizes the suppliers and then allocates the multi-period demand among the suppliers. The customer demand is allocated by using a hybrid algorithm based on the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), fuzzy set theory and the mixed linear integer programming (MILP) approaches.
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Chang, Liang-Cheng, Hone-Jay Chu, and Yi-Wen Chen. "A Fuzzy Inference System for the Conjunctive Use of Surface and Subsurface Water." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/128393.
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This study develops the water resources management model for conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water using a fuzzy inference system (FIS). The study applies the FIS to allocate the demands of surface and subsurface water. Subsequently, water allocations in the surface water system are simulated by using linear programming techniques, and the responses of subsurface water system with respect to pumping are forecasted by using artificial neural networks. The operating rule for the water systems is that the more abundant water system supplies more water. By using the fuzzy rule, the FIS conjunctive use model easily incorporates expert knowledge and operational polices into water resources management. The result indicates that the FIS model is more effective and efficient when compared with the decoupled conjunctive use and simulation-optimization models. Furthermore, the FIS model is an alternative way to obtain the conjunctive use policies between surface and subsurface water.
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GORDON, SANFORD C. "Politicizing Agency Spending Authority: Lessons from a Bush-era Scandal." American Political Science Review 105, no. 4 (November 2011): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055411000438.
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When can presidents direct bureaucrats to allocate government expenditures for electoral purposes? To address this question, I exploit a scandal concerning the General Services Administration (GSA), an agency that contracts with private vendors to provide supplies and real estate to other agencies. Shortly after Republican losses in 2006, a White House deputy gave a presentation to GSA political appointees identifying potentially vulnerable congressional districts. I find that vendors in prioritized Republican districts experienced unusually large new contract actions from the GSA's Public Buildings Service following the presentation relative to unmentioned districts, a discrepancy that disappeared once theWashington Postbroke the story. Contracts supervised by the agency's Federal Acquisition Service, by contrast, were largely unresponsive to the briefing and media scrutiny. My findings suggest that the extent to which executives succeed in politicizing discretionary allocation decisions depends upon key features of the implementing agency's tasks and its informational environment.
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Ward, Frank A. "Forging sustainable transboundary water-sharing agreements: barriers and opportunities." Water Policy 15, no. 3 (October 18, 2012): 386–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.003.
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Few international water-sharing agreements have shown the flexibility to adjust to extended drought; fewer still provide safeguards for adaptation to modern climate variability. Yet, current conflicts over the development and use of transboundary rivers continue to motivate the search for negotiated water-sharing arrangements that can provide flexibility in the face of change. To avoid future conflicts, an agreement must include measures that allow for adaptation to changes in water supplies, population, climate, technology, infrastructure, and economic activity while also guiding water use patterns. The benefits of a flexible agreement can be a more predictable water supply for all riparians, greater incentives to develop needed water infrastructure and more open, transparent and accountable water institutions. Other benefits include increased food production, water security, environmental protection, reduced flood damage, better adaptation to the costs of extreme weather and variable climate, and a reduced need for complex legal, administrative and enforcement activities. This paper investigates ways to achieve sustainable transboundary water-sharing agreements. It investigates barriers to forging water-sharing agreements, describes errors that could undermine settlements and presents takeaway lessons from two North American agreements and one in south Asia. Finally, the paper proposes an approach by which information on headwater flows and historical use patterns could be used to allocate supplies between riparians that adapt to changes in water supply and demand. Outcomes from the implementation of structured, but flexible agreements could help guide future negotiated settlements for the worlds international rivers.
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Hodge, James G., Evan D. Anderson, Thomas D. Kirsch, and Gabor D. Kelen. "Facilitating Hospital Emergency Preparedness: Introduction of a Model Memorandum of Understanding." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, no. 1 (March 2011): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/10-v4n2-hsf10003.
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ABSTRACTEffective emergency response among hospitals and other health care providers stems from multiple factors depending on the nature of the emergency. While local emergencies can test hospital acute care facilities, prolonged national emergencies, such as the 2009 H1N1 outbreak, raise significant challenges. These events involve sustained surges of patients over longer periods and spanning entire regions. They require significant and sustained coordination of personnel, services, and supplies among hospitals and other providers to ensure adequate patient care across regions. Some hospitals, however, may lack structural principles to help coordinate care and guide critical allocation decisions. This article discusses a model Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that sets forth essential principles on how to allocate scarce resources among providers across regions. The model seeks to align regional hospitals through advance agreements on procedures of mutual aid that reflect modern principles of emergency preparedness and changing legal norms in declared emergencies.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:54-61)
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Bostock, John, Brendan McAndrew, Randolph Richards, Kim Jauncey, Trevor Telfer, Kai Lorenzen, David Little, et al. "Aquaculture: global status and trends." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1554 (September 27, 2010): 2897–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0170.
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Aquaculture contributed 43 per cent of aquatic animal food for human consumption in 2007 (e.g. fish, crustaceans and molluscs, but excluding mammals, reptiles and aquatic plants) and is expected to grow further to meet the future demand. It is very diverse and, contrary to many perceptions, dominated by shellfish and herbivorous and omnivorous pond fish either entirely or partly utilizing natural productivity. The rapid growth in the production of carnivorous species such as salmon, shrimp and catfish has been driven by globalizing trade and favourable economics of larger scale intensive farming. Most aquaculture systems rely on low/uncosted environmental goods and services, so a critical issue for the future is whether these are brought into company accounts and the consequent effects this would have on production economics. Failing that, increased competition for natural resources will force governments to allocate strategically or leave the market to determine their use depending on activities that can extract the highest value. Further uncertainties include the impact of climate change, future fisheries supplies (for competition and feed supply), practical limits in terms of scale and in the economics of integration and the development and acceptability of new bio-engineering technologies. In the medium term, increased output is likely to require expansion in new environments, further intensification and efficiency gains for more sustainable and cost-effective production. The trend towards enhanced intensive systems with key monocultures remains strong and, at least for the foreseeable future, will be a significant contributor to future supplies. Dependence on external feeds (including fish), water and energy are key issues. Some new species will enter production and policies that support the reduction of resource footprints and improve integration could lead to new developments as well as reversing decline in some more traditional systems.
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EGGERS, JUSTUS ERICH, ERWIN HOFMAN, HOLGER SCHIELE, and ELMAR HOLSCHBACH. "IDENTIFYING THE ‘RIGHT’ SUPPLIER FOR MODULE DEVELOPMENTS — A CROSS-INDUSTRIAL CASE ANALYSIS." International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 03 (March 24, 2017): 1750026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500268.
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Relational view argues that buying companies should integrate supplier resources in new product development (NPD) projects to realise competitive advantages. Due to decoupling of modules and the associated opportunity to allocate development activities to upstream suppliers, modular product architectures are considered to be a driving factor for the integration of supplier resources. Module developments are associated with substantial investments, long-term orientation and risks across product families for the buying firm. Therefore, supplier integration for module development is highly critical. Regardless of the relevance, research has not yet analysed, which supplier competence are considered as antecedents for successful module developments with suppliers. To close the identified gap, this paper analysed case companies from the automotive, agriculture equipment and rail vehicle industry. Technical, organisational and relationship aspects are identified as critical success factors. The results contribute to theory by adding to relational view the finding that competences for successful collaborations differ in accordance to the level of interaction between suppliers and buying firms. Moreover, this study provides a model and an evaluation scheme that helps practitioners to allocate the best suitable development role to suppliers within module developments.
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Otieno, Stephen Odiwuor, and David Macharia. "Factors Influencing Utilization of Health Services in Kenya: The Case of Homa Bay County." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v3i4.4695.
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In order to improve efficiency in health service delivery in Kenya, the Ministry of Health has developed structures through inter-sectoral collaboration at various levels. Despite efforts by the government and key stakeholders to improve health sector, utilization of health services still remains a major challenge. The purpose of the study was to investigate factors that influence utilization of health services in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The study employed survey design and focused on health beneficiaries, District Health Management Team and other key health stakeholders, and used both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was collected through household interviews of 384 respondents and qualitative data was generated through Key Informant Interviews of 16 respondents. The study reveals that health financing, service delivery, quality, accessibility and equity influence utilization of health services in Homa Bay County. It is for these reasons that the study recommends that the government should allocate adequate budget towards health services, avail adequate trained health workers, and improve infrastructure in health facilities as well as drugs and other supplies. There is also need for further research on cultural factors influencing utilization of health services.
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Otieno, Stephen Odiwuor, and David Macharia. "Factors Influencing Utilization of Health Services in Kenya: The Case of Homa Bay County." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v3i4.4695.
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In order to improve efficiency in health service delivery in Kenya, the Ministry of Health has developed structures through inter-sectoral collaboration at various levels. Despite efforts by the government and key stakeholders to improve health sector, utilization of health services still remains a major challenge. The purpose of the study was to investigate factors that influence utilization of health services in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The study employed survey design and focused on health beneficiaries, District Health Management Team and other key health stakeholders, and used both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was collected through household interviews of 384 respondents and qualitative data was generated through Key Informant Interviews of 16 respondents. The study reveals that health financing, service delivery, quality, accessibility and equity influence utilization of health services in Homa Bay County. It is for these reasons that the study recommends that the government should allocate adequate budget towards health services, avail adequate trained health workers, and improve infrastructure in health facilities as well as drugs and other supplies. There is also need for further research on cultural factors influencing utilization of health services.
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Fatrias, Dicky, Nilda Tri Putri, Pri Gustari Akbar, and Fidela Andari Fae. "Optimizing coal blending quality through supplier selection and order allocation: A case of cement industry." MATEC Web of Conferences 204 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820402005.
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Coal combustion plays an important role in the process of burning raw mix into cement clinker. However, ensuring a uniform coal quality is quite challenging especially when cement producer adopts multi-sourcing system where different suppliers involved to supply coal demand. This research explores the optimal coal blending quality problem in SP Co., as one of the largest cement industry in Indonesia, where the coal is supplied from several suppliers characterized by heterogenous and fluctuated coal quality. In detail, the problem is to select a set of suppliers and to determine optimal order allocation of coal for supplying three cement plants distinguished by certain requirement of coal specification under some realistic constraints such as quality of coal, allocated budget of purchasing and supplier capacity. A linear programming model is proposed to solve the formulated problem and sensitivity analysis is performed to examined the robustness of the model. Using real case data, we demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of our model.
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Luo, Xiaomeng, and Jia Ren. "Optimal Supply Diversification Strategy under Supply Disruption." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 13, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8686371.
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When a disruption caused by human or environmental accident occurs in production systems, it may cause a shortage of the supply, and thus the buyers’ procurement behaviors will be influenced. This paper studies a supply chain comprised of a buyer and two types of suppliers: one is cheap but unreliable and the other is reliable but expensive. If there is a major disruption, the unreliable supplier may not be able to fully satisfy the buyer’s order, despite the fact that it exerts additional effort to rebuild capacity; at the same time, the reliable supplier cannot fulfill extra orders from the buyer due to capacity constraints. In this way, the buyer should strategically allocate its order between the two types of suppliers by offering different contracts at the very beginning, and then the unreliable supplier chooses its optimal restoration effort according to the contract if a disruption occurs. The model is built based on the real-life cases such as Walmart and Apple such that it is the buyer who determines the wholesale price of the unreliable supplier’s products. The results show the optimal contracts provided by the buyer under different circumstances, which aims to help managers design their contracts under disruption risks to maximize the company’s profit.
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Letseku, Violet, and Bennie Grové. "Crop Water Productivity, Applied Water Productivity and Economic Decision Making." Water 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101598.
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Increasing productive water use in agriculture is seen as paramount to meet future food demand with limited water supplies. The main objective of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the interrelated linkages between crop water productivity (CWP) and applied water productivity (AWP) as affected by irrigation management decisions in order to assess the impact of economic decision making on CWP and AWP under area-limiting and water-limiting conditions. A daily soil water balance mathematical programming model that explicitly models the impact of technology choice and stochastic weather on water use efficiency was used to study the interactions. The assumption is made that a rational decision maker will allocate water to maximize expected profits. The results showed that CWP is, to a large extent, unresponsive to increasing irrigation water applications, especially when water applications are approaching maximum potential crop yields. The difference between optimal crop yields for the area-limiting and water-limiting scenarios is small, which shows that the portion of water production function that is relevant for economic decision making is small and falls within the unresponsive range of CWP changes. Profit maximizing decision makers will not try to maximize CWP or AWP since these objectives will result in profit losses.
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Khalilzadeh, Mohammad, Arya Karami, and Alborz Hajikhani. "The multi-objective supplier selection problem with fuzzy parameters and solving the order allocation problem with coverage." Journal of Modelling in Management 15, no. 3 (April 17, 2020): 705–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-04-2018-0049.
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Purpose This study aims to deal with supplier selection problem. The supplier selection problem has significantly become attractive to researchers and practitioners in recent years. Many real-world supply chain problems are assumed as multiple objectives combinatorial optimization problems. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors propose a multi-objective model with fuzzy parameters to select suppliers and allocate orders considering multiple periods, multiple resources, multiple products and two-echelon supply chain. The objective functions consist of total purchase costs, transportation, order and on-time delivery, coverage and the weights of suppliers. Distance-based partial and general coverage of suppliers makes the number of orders of products more realistic. In this model, the weights of suppliers are determined by fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, as a multi-criteria decision analysis method, in the objective function. Also, the authors consider the parameters related to delays as triangular fuzzy numbers. Findings A small-sized numerical example is provided to clearly show the proposed model. The exact epsilon constraint method is used to solve this given multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem. Subsequently, the sensitivity analysis is conducted to testify the proposed model. The obtained results demonstrate the validity of the proposed multiple objectives mixed integer mathematical programming model and the efficiency of the solution approach. Originality/value In real-life situations, supplier selection parameters are uncertain and incomplete. Hence, the fuzzy set theory is used to tackle uncertainty. In this paper, a multi-objective supplier selection problem is formulated taking into consideration the coverage of suppliers and suppliers’ weights. Integrating coverage of suppliers to select and allocate the order to them can be mentioned as the main contribution of this study. The proposed model considers the delay from suppliers as fuzzy parameters.
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Kaviani, Mohamad Amin, Alireza Peykam, Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan, Nadjib Brahimi, and Raziyeh Niknam. "A new weighted fuzzy programming model for supplier selection and order allocation in the food industry." Journal of Modelling in Management 15, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 381–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-11-2018-0191.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a combined intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IFAHP) and fuzzy multi-objective optimization approach to select suppliers and allocate the orders to them in the bottled water production context. Design/methodology/approach First, the primary weights of criteria associated with the supplier selection problem are calculated using the IFAHP technique. Then a fuzzy multi-objective optimization model is developed to allocate the appropriate amount of orders to each supplier. Findings The proposed methodology has been successfully implemented in the case of an Iranian food company in its bottled water factory. Results demonstrate our model is capable of practically handling the uncertainty in DMs’ preference that leads to effective and efficient supplier selection and order allocation decisions. Originality/value The authors develop a novel hybrid decision-making tool to tackle the uncertainty in decision-makers’ opinions with a demonstrated applicability and some promising outcomes in efficiently allocating the order quantity to suppliers in the area of bottled water production.
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Lowenthal, Franklin, and Massoud Malek. "Reciprocal service department cost allocation and decision making." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2005, no. 3 (January 1, 2005): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jamds.2005.137.
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In a manufacturing company, certain departments can be characterized as production departments and others as service departments. Examples of service departments are purchasing, computing services, repair and maintenance, security, food services, and so forth. The costs of such service departments must be allocated to the production departments, which in turn will allocate them to the product. It is known that one can view the cost allocation problem as an absorbing Markov process, with the production departments as the absorbing states and the service departments as the transient states. Using Markov analysis, we will show that this yields additional insight into the underlying concept of reciprocal service department cost allocation by proving that the “full service” department costs can be used to determine the price that should be paid to an external supplier of the same service currently supplied by the service department.
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Beryoza, A. O. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACCOUNTING OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS IN THE GRAIN PRODUCTION." Juvenis scientia, no. 12 (2018): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2018.12.04.
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Today globalization of the world market leads to the need for the constructive interaction within the international market and the formation of common accounting forms and standards. The multinational corporations represent organizations that have divisions in different countries of the world. Therefore preparation of clear and transparent financial reports for such companies requires the establishment of common international standards. International financial reporting standards (IAS or IFRS) have become such standards. They are designed to provide an understanding of the reporting forms, to give an objective assessment of the property, as well as to promote interaction between investors and potential investment objects located in different national accounting systems. One of the standards that is of great importance for the Russian Federation is IAS 41 "Agriculture". Agriculture is one of the leading sectors in our country, which supplies products to both domestic and foreign markets. Accordingly, the adoption of the Russian analogue of this standard and the implementation of its provisions is a significant and important issue of today's economic reality.Thus, the need to allocate biological assets in a separate accounting and economic category, their reflection in accounting and reporting at fair value in accordance with the provisions of IAS 41 determined the relevance of the topic, purpose, objectives and logic of this work. The article suggests the author's approach to the calculation of the fair value of biological assets.
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GURNANI, HARESH, MEHMET GÜMÜŞ, SAIBAL RAY, and TRIDIP RAY. "OPTIMAL PROCUREMENT STRATEGY UNDER SUPPLY RISK." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 29, no. 01 (February 2012): 1240006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595912400064.
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With the rapid expansion of global business, newer suppliers with cheaper but possibly unreliable technologies have entered the marketplace to win orders from buyer firms by beating the price of their perfectly reliable (but expensive) competitors. We model the procurement problem as a Nash game where the buyer has to allocate its purchases between an expensive but reliable supplier, and a cheaper but unreliable supplier. The suppliers specify prices for different proportions of the order awarded to them. Our analysis shows that, when perfect information is available about the reliability level of the unreliable supplier, the Nash equilibrium is a sole-sourcing allocation and that the supplier selection decision depends on the reliability and cost differentials between the two suppliers. In addition, we model the case when the buyer and the reliable supplier have limited information about the reliability of the unreliable supplier. Even in such an asymmetric scenario, the buyer's equilibrium allocation is a sole-sourcing outcome, but depending on system conditions either a separating or a pooling equilibrium is possible. An interesting insight into the effect of information asymmetry is that it can result in higher or lower profits/costs for the channel partners (compared to the perfect information case). As such, the buyer may even benefit from information asymmetry regarding unreliable supplier due to its impact on the degree of competition between the two suppliers.
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Kostіn, Yurіy D., and Volodymyr A. Shvedkyi. "Supplier Companies in the Energy Market of Ukraine: Competition of Strategies." Business Inform 7, no. 534 (2022): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-7-191-196.
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Liberalization of Ukrainian energy markets provides end consumers with the possibility to deliberately choose an energy supplier. Consequently, companies selling natural gas and electric energy have entered into a stiff competition. Since the specifics of the product sold in these markets do not imply opportunities for its improvement, the emphasis in competitive strategies was placed on price and improvement of customer services. There is a competition of strategies in the market: a large number of suppliers are trying to create and maintain competitive advantages in various ways. The purpose of the study is to allocate the basic competitive strategies that supplier companies adhere to in the Ukrainian energy market, compare the efficiency of these strategies, as well as determine further prospects for their implementation. Depending on what advantages the suppliers are guided by, the following ones were allocated: predatory strategy (the desire to obtain a monopoly rent); resource strategy (the desire to obtain a Ricardian rent); intellectual leadership strategy (the desire to obtain a Schumpeterian rent); grid strategy (the desire to obtain the rent of relationship); imitation-parasitic strategy (the desire to obtain a fraudulent rent). In its pure form, these strategies do not exist, as a rule, a symbiosis of several strategies is used. Although market leaders are companies with resource strategies (heirs to former natural monopolists), they are confronting an eager pressure on the part of the energy suppliers, focused on Schumpeterian rent and rent of relationship. Since innovations are available to all energy traders in customer services, those companies that become intelligent leaders in business models and processes are likely to win the competition. Both the predatory and the imitation-parasitic strategies cause numerous negative consequences for all market participants – consumers, generation, independent suppliers, the regulator, therefore they meet with significant resistance from these groups. Consequently, the potential for their use is limited.
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Farsijani, Hassan, Mohsen Shafiei Nikabadi, Reza Malmir, and Fatemeh Shakhsian. "Suppliers Selection for Sazeh Gostar Saipa Co. Using a Combination Approach of Analytic Network Process and Goal Programming." International Journal of Applied Logistics 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jal.2013010102.
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Strategic evaluation and supplier selection, or strategic supply, is a main subject of supply chain management. Strategic evaluation and supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision problem, considering both tangible and intangible criteria and organizations are seeking various and sometimes opposite objectives in purchasing from suppliers. As the increasing rivalry in Iran’s auto industry, producers and suppliers face several challenges. Sazeh Gostar Saipa Co., the main supplier of Saipa automobile maker firm, is not exempt of this norm. Top managers of the company believe that the best supplier selection for long-term cooperation is vital for the implementation of corporate strategies. In this paper, using decision technique of Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Base Overhead Cost Recovery (BOCR), 20 tangible and intangible operational and strategic criteria are considered in the supplier selection decision through a suggested methodology. Different organizations’ goals in purchasing from suppliers that are ranked in the previous stage are formulated to determine the amount of supply allocation to each supplier based on goals. The innovation aspect and main goal of the research are suggesting a methodology for selecting suppliers and determining the amount of allocated orders to them with combining ANP method, BOCR structure and goal programming in Sazeh Gostar Saipa Co.
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Nikou, Christodoulos, and Socrates J. Moschuris. "An integrated approach for supplier selection in military critical application items." Journal of Public Procurement 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-16-01-2016-b004.
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Supplier selection for defence procurement is a crucial function of a Ministry of Defence. The Ministry spends huge amounts of money each year to procure a vast array of equipment, goods and services. The ongoing financial crisis demands less subjective and more cost-saving methods for selecting a supplier. The approach advocated in this article integrates Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Goal Programming (GP) in order to combine conflicting criteria to select the best suppliers and allocate optimum order quantities among them. This paper presents a model close to real-world situations. Findings demonstrate that cost savings is a feasible result along with a viable combination of conflicting criteria in the suppliers' selection area.
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Alglawe, Asama, Onur Kuzgunkaya, and Andrea Schiffauerova. "Managing quality decisions in supply chain." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 37, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-09-2018-0255.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an optimization model to better allocate cost of quality (COQ) in the supply chain (SC). In addition, the paper provides a roadmap based on COQ that allocates limited given budget among the SC entities. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a comprehensive SC model while introducing six different scenarios, where each scenario minimizes fixed costs and COQ of the SC. Findings The results showed that the highest portion of the COQ should be allocated at the retailer echelon while the lowest portion should be kept at the manufacturer echelon. The findings also presented that the retailer should always maintain the highest quality level (QL) compared to the manufacturer and supplier. Originality/value Considering prevention, appraisal and failure (PAF) cost model, this research defines the tradeoff among PA, F costs, QL and material flow in the SC network; no work has been published regarding integrating PAF, QL and material flow into SC modeling.
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Bera, Ashoke Kumar, Dipak Kumar Jana, Debamalya Banerjee, and Titas Nandy. "Multiple-criteria fuzzy group decision-making with multi-choice goal programming for supplier selection: A case study." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 11, no. 03 (June 2019): 1950029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830919500290.
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In today’s highly turbulent and competitive environment, the success of the organization depends on the performance of its suppliers. However, supplier selection problems are complex as they involve a large number of criteria and, frequently, some of the criteria cannot be evaluated precisely. Moreover, fluctuations of supplier performances and unknown information always exist in real-world decision-making. It is a complex multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem as it involves a trade-off among various criteria with vagueness and imprecision and also involves a group of experts with diverse opinion. Therefore, to make more practical decisions, this paper is intended to propose an integrated technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) in fuzzy environment with multi-choice goal programming (MCGP) to handle the supplier assessment and order allocation for a battery manufacturing organization. Using linguistic variables, the decision-makers assess the rating of suppliers as well as the importance of various factors. Linguistic variables are expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TrFN). Fuzzy-TOPSIS method is proposed to obtain the rank of suppliers and MCGP method is used to allocate suitable orders to the selected suppliers. A case study is implemented to find the applicability and validity of the proposed model. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed to observe the effect of weights of criteria on supplier evaluation problem.
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Andrews, Isaiah, and Daniel Barron. "The Allocation of Future Business: Dynamic Relational Contracts with Multiple Agents." American Economic Review 106, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 2742–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20131082.
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We consider how a firm dynamically allocates business among several suppliers to motivate them in a relational contract. The firm chooses one supplier who exerts private effort. Output is non-contractible, and each supplier observes only his own relationship with the principal. In this setting, allocation decisions constrain the transfers that can be promised to suppliers in equilibrium. Consequently, optimal allocation decisions condition on payoff-irrelevant past performance to make strong incentives credible. We construct a dynamic allocation rule that attains first-best whenever any allocation rule does. This allocation rule performs strictly better than any rule that depends only on payoff-relevant information. (JEL D21, D82, L14, L24)
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Wang, Shengbin, Feng Liu, Lian Lian, Yuan Hong, and Haozhe Chen. "Integrated post-disaster medical assistance team scheduling and relief supply distribution." International Journal of Logistics Management 29, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 1279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-06-2017-0152.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve a post-disaster humanitarian logistics problem in which medical assistance teams are dispatched and the relief supplies are distributed among demand points. Design/methodology/approach A mixed integer-programming model and a two-stage hybrid metaheuristic method are developed to solve the problem. Problem instances of various sizes as well as a numerical example based on the 2016 Kyushu Earthquake in Japan are used to test the proposed model and algorithm. Findings Computational results based on comparisons with the state-of-the-art commercial software show that the proposed approach can quickly find near-optimal solutions, which is highly desirable in emergency situations. Research limitations/implications Real data of the parameters of the model are difficult to obtain. Future collaborations with organizations such as Red Cross and Federal Emergency Management Agency can be extremely helpful in collecting data in humanitarian logistics research. Practical implications The proposed model and algorithm can help governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to effectively and efficiently allocate and coordinate different types of humanitarian relief resources, especially when these resources are limited. Originality/value This paper is among the first ones to consider both medical team scheduling (routing) and relief aid distribution as decision variables in the humanitarian logistics field. The contributions include developing a mathematical model and a heuristic algorithm, illustrating the model and algorithm using a numerical example, and providing a decision support tool for governments and NGOs to manage the relief resources in disasters.
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Lavanpriya, C., V. Muthukumaran, and P. Manoj Kumar. "Evaluating Suppliers Using AHP in a Fuzzy Environment and Allocating Order Quantities to Each Supplier in a Supply Chain." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (July 13, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8695983.
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The most challenging task in the supply chain is selecting the appropriate supplier, and it has a great influence on industry productivity growth. Because of the large budget allotted to raw materials, supplier selection is a critical issue for the industry’s financial status. The right supplier in the industry drastically reduces problems throughout the supply chain. The several managers of a company were interviewed, and the most essential criteria considered by the managers when choosing their supplier firms were identified. In this study, Fuzzy-AHP and goal programming are combined to identify suitable suppliers and allocate orders in the supply chain. The mathematical models developed the goals of minimizing periodic budget, minimizing defect rate, maximizing the total value of purchase, and maximizing demand. To reach the desired values of periodic goals, the multiobjective multi-integer linear programming model is presented. A mathematical example is offered to show the effectiveness of suggested method. The Archimedean goal programming method is used to solve these multiple periods of single products within the Lingo 18.0 software package. Multiple period demand allocations to suppliers are calculated as X11 = 9000, X12 = 7800, X13 = 7900, X21 = 3434.9, X22 = 5098, X23 = 6002.56, X31 = 100, X32 = 100, and X33 = 100. All the target values of budget, defective rate, and demand are achieved for all periods except the total values of purchasing. The results are subjected to sensitivity analysis. It will help a manufacturer for selecting a suitable supplier to allocate the order for maximizing the profit, improving the quality of product, enhancing the supplier buyer relationship, strengthening the supply chain, reducing the risk of purchasing decision, and improving customer satisfaction. Therefore, the supply chain is effective to supply the continuity of products.
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Xue, Weili, Xiaolin Xu, and Lijun Ma. "Options Procurement Policy for Option Contracts with Supply and Spot Market Uncertainty." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/906739.
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Supplier’s reliability is a major issue in procurement management. In this paper, we establish a decision making model from the perspective of the firm who will procure from the multiple suppliers and the spot markets. The suppliers are unreliable and provide different types of option-type supply contracts which should be made before demand realization, while the spot market can only be used after demand realization and has both the price and liquidity risks. We establish the optimal portfolio policies for the firm with conditions to find the qualified suppliers. By defining a new function which contains the demand risk, the supplier’s risk, and the liquidity risk, we find that the optimal policy is to allocate different curves of this function to different suppliers. We also study some special cases to derive some managerial insights. At last, we numerically study how the various risks affect the choice of suppliers and the value of the option contract.
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Silva, Ana Maria Rodrigues, and Marcos Felipe Falcao Sobral. "Multicriteria Model to Sort Suppliers in a Brazilian Dairy Industry." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 9, no. 3 (July 2017): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.2017070103.
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This paper describes a real application of a multicriteria decision aid to sort suppliers in the Brazilian dairy industry located in Serra Talhada City. This region is very arid, and farmers have difficulty maintaining the quality required for dairy production. Five criteria were identified by the dairy farmers: production capacity, product quality, cost, transportation and distance from the manufacturing site. The most appropriate method was chosen to sort clients with respect to the preferred structure of the decision maker to obtain the parameters. This study involved eight milk suppliers that were allocated into three ordinated classes. No supplier was allocated into the best class (very good), five were considered regular, and three were inadequate. The use of multicriteria modeling enabled the decision maker to establish a new metric to evaluate suppliers while simultaneously considering multiple criteria.
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Tai, Teresa Wai Chi, Jee Young Lee, and Sherry I. Bame. "Longitudinal patterns of unmet needs during Texas floods, May-June 2015." Disaster Prevention and Management 26, no. 5 (November 6, 2017): 611–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-02-2017-0015.
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Purpose In Spring 2015, Texas experienced record-breaking floods, causing deaths, injuries, and widespread property and infrastructure damage. However, little is known about those who encountered access barriers to disaster support in Texas. The purpose of this paper is to examine the unmet disaster-related needs from 2-1-1 calls during evacuation, flooding, and early recovery phases. Design/methodology/approach The 2-1-1 Texas Information and Referral Network’s caller database was used to identify real time, non-emergency, unmet disaster-related caller needs longitudinally. The two-month study period included a baseline week before flashflood (05/01/2015) into early recovery (06/30/2015). Caller unmet needs were categorized and graphed by type daily throughout the study period. Findings Of the 4,880 disaster-related 2-1-1 calls from Texas’ 254 counties, 1,183 callers needed housing help, compared to 442 utilities, 409 food and 109 medically related assistance. Total calls quickly peaked at 405 calls/day during Memorial Day weekend when Greater Houston flooded. Despite total calls decreasing gradually during recovery, they remained four times higher than baseline. Unmet needs varied by type, especially during early recovery. Housing, food, and medical unmet needs surged when Houston flooded. Although medical calls were lowest volume than other basic needs, demand for medical assistance had a higher threshold throughout early recovery. Practical implications Examination of unmet needs over disaster phases identified longitudinal patterns of demand and effectiveness of disaster management efforts. Originality/value Using real-time 2-1-1 data to monitor types of unmet demand is valuable to tailor timely and effective disaster support, reduce access barriers, and allocate disaster support services and supplies to the vulnerable communities.
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Çetin, Eyüp, Serap Kiremitci, and Barış Kiremitci. "Developing Optimal Policies to Fight Pandemics and COVID-19 Combat in the United States." European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 13, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29020/nybg.ejpam.v13i2.3700.
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The world has faced many outbreaks and pandemics with hundreds of millions of deaths throughout its history. Those epidemics are global health concerns and as well as serious economic issues. There is certain need to allocate scarce sources efficiently to fight such epidemics in both personal and global dimensions. Here we develop and propose two optimization models to maximize the total protection from any epidemic, pandemic or bioterror attacks; the first one is personal protection model or protocol and the other one is mass protection model that is inspired by the well-known weapon-target assignment problem of operations research. These efforts are optimal allocation of scarce medical and economic resources to save millions of lives- gift of life. We implement our general mathematical programming models with real-world data to fight the coronavirus pandemic for a person and the United States. Our personal protection protocol provides 99.99% protection from COVID-19 for an American through personal strategies when the mass protection model supplies 96.961% protection on average from coronavirus pandemic for the United States through across country policies. The mass protection model which recommends general policy frame for health care policy makers could be applied for any epidemic at any level from county to city, to state and country as well as in global scale. The mathematical relation between the personal protection protocol and the mass protection model also highlights the fact of unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno (one for all, all for one) for fighting epidemics- particularly the moving enemy, novel coronavirus which is double invisible due to its viral nature and the availability of the high level of asymptomatic cases. Recognize the enemy, as protecting yourself means protecting people, love life, follow the rules and stay at home. That is the greatest ever social impact.
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Gao, Qian, Wen-Peng Shang, and Ming-Xia Jing. "Effect of Nucleic Acid Screening Measures on COVID-19 Transmission in Cities of Different Scales and Assessment of Related Testing Resource Demands—Evidence from China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 13343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013343.
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Background: COVID-19 is in its epidemic period, and China is still facing the dual risks of import and domestic rebound. To better control the COVID-19 pandemic under the existing conditions, the focus of this study is to simulate the nucleic acid testing for different population size cities in China to influence the spread of COVID-19, assess the situation under different scenarios, the demand for the laboratory testing personnel, material resources, for the implementation of the nucleic acid screening measures, emergency supplies, and the configuration of human resources to provide decision-making basis. Methods: According to the transmission characteristics of COVID-19 and the current prevention and control strategies in China, four epidemic scenarios were assumed. Based on the constructed SVEAIiQHR model, the number of people infected with COVID-19 in cities with populations of 10 million, 5 million, and 500,000 was analyzed and predicted under the four scenarios, and the demand for laboratory testing resources was evaluated, respectively. Results: For large, medium, and small cities, whether full or regional nucleic acid screening can significantly reduce the epidemic prevention and control strategy of different scenarios laboratory testing resource demand difference is bigger, implement effective non-pharmaceutical interventions and regional nucleic acid screening measures to significantly reduce laboratory testing related resources demand, but will cause varying degrees of inspection staff shortages. Conclusion: There is still an urgent need for laboratory testing manpower in China to implement effective nucleic acid screening measures in the event of an outbreak. Cities or regions with different population sizes and levels of medical resources should flexibly implement prevention and control measures according to specific conditions after the outbreak, assess laboratory testing and human resource need as soon as possible, and prepare and allocate materials and personnel.
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Gedefaw, Mohammed, Hao Wang, Denghua Yan, Tianling Qin, Kun Wang, Abel Girma, Dorjsuren Batsuren, and Asaminew Abiyu. "Water Resources Allocation Systems under Irrigation Expansion and Climate Change Scenario in Awash River Basin of Ethiopia." Water 11, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11101966.
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Rational allocation of water resources is very essential to cope with water scarcity. The optimal allocation of limited water resources is required for various purposes to achieve sustainable development. The Awash River Basin is currently faced with a scarcity of water due to increasing demands, urbanization, irrigation expansion, and variability of climates. The excessive abstraction of water resources in the basin without proper assessing of the available water resources contributed to water scarcity. This paper aimed to develop a water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model to allocate the water supplies to demanding sectors based on an economic parameter to maximize the economic benefits. The water demands, water shortages, and supply alternatives were analyzed under different scenarios. Three scenarios were developed, namely reference (1981–2016), medium-term development (2017–2030), and long-term development (2031–2050) future scenarios with the baseline period (1980). The results of this study showed that the total quantity of water needed to meet the irrigation demands of all the stations was 306.96 MCM from 1980 to 2016. Seasonally, March, April, May, and June require the maximum irrigation water demand. However, July, August, and September require minimum demand for water because of the rainy season. The seasonal unmet demand is observed in all months, which ranged from 6 × 106 m3 to 35.9 × 106 m3 in August and May respectively. The trend of streamflow in Melka Kuntre was a statistically significant increasing trend after 2008 (Z = 5.33) whereas the trends in other gauge stations showed a relatively decreasing trend. The results also showed that future water consumption would greatly increase in the Awash River Basin. The prevention of future water shortages requires the implementation of water-saving measures and the use of new water supply technologies. The findings of this study will serve as a reference for water resources managers and policy and decision makers.
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Luo, Shuqing, and Nandu J. Nagarajan. "Information Complementarities and Supply Chain Analysts." Accounting Review 90, no. 5 (December 1, 2014): 1995–2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51011.
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ABSTRACT This study examines the antecedents and consequences of analysts choosing to become supply chain analysts (i.e., analysts following both a supplier and its major customer). We find that information complementarities between firms in the same supply chain, between a supplier firm and its industry peer firms, and between the supplier's major customer and other firms in analysts' portfolio affect their supply chain specialization decision. The potential revenues supplier firms generate for analysts' brokerage houses also significantly affect this decision. While supply chain analysts achieve superior forecast performance compared to non-supply chain analysts for supplier firms, they provide lower-quality forecasts for other firms in their portfolios. These findings suggest that analysts allocate resources strategically. Our results are robust to techniques designed to address the potential endogeneity of analysts' supply chain portfolio choices.
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You, Shan-Yong, Li-Jun Zhang, Xue-Guo Xu, and Hu-Chen Liu. "A New Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Multi-Objective Programming Model for Sustainable Supplier Selection and Order Allocation." Symmetry 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12020302.
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With the increasing pressure from global competition, manufacturers have realized that sustainable production is significant in supply chain management. Sustainable supplier selection and order allocation (SSS&OA) play a distinct and critical role for organizations to achieve sustainable development and build competitive advantage. In this paper, we aim to develop a novel SSS&OA model for selecting the most suitable sustainable suppliers and determining the optimal order sizes among them. First, double hierarchy hesitant linguistic term sets (DHHLTSs) are adopted to deal with uncertainty in evaluating the sustainable performance of alternative suppliers. Then, an extended decision field theory is proposed to choose efficient sustainable suppliers dynamically. Considering quantity discount, a multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) model is established to allocate reasonable order quantities among the selected suppliers. Finally, the applicability and effectiveness of the developed model are illustrated through its application in the electronic industry and through a comparative analysis with other methods.
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Tian, Yuanyuan, Saeed Bahrami, and Farshad kaveh. "A Fuzzy Multi-Objective Mathematical Model for Supplier Evaluation in a Reliable Supply Chain considering Different Risk Levels." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (August 3, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5852330.
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One of the advantages of sustainable competition for manufacturing systems is to make supply chain activities more efficient and effective. One of the major parts of these activities that can save a lot of costs is careful outsourcing. In this study, an approach based on decision-making policies in order to select suppliers and allocate order volume to them is introduced. The main contribution of this research is a comprehensive approach for optimizing both supplier evaluation and order allocation. In this regard, first, based on the evaluation, 39 key indicators were identified to evaluate the suppliers, and based on the content analysis, 25 key indicators were screened based on the Lavache method. Next, based on the fuzzy Delphi method, 11 indicators were selected from among the 25 key effective indicators. Finally, the Best-Worst Method (BWM) and a robust multi-objective formulation are proposed to find the weight of the effective criteria and the optimal order allocation to suppliers, respectively. Moreover, it is proved that the company under study faces a variety of suppliers and there is a need to analyze key indicators such as exchange rate changes and ease of communication. Based on the BWM results, it was shown that the exchange rate change trend with a weight of 0.24 is in the first place, and the quality system support index with a weight of 0.12 is in the second place. Moreover, based on the results of the proposed robust multi-objective mathematical model, it was revealed that in order to maintain the resilience of suppliers, the total demand should be distributed among all suppliers and the second supplier with a volume of 3600 units of raw materials has the largest share in delivering the required demand.
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Delorit, Justin, Edmundo Cristian Gonzalez Ortuya, and Paul Block. "Evaluation of model-based seasonal streamflow and water allocation forecasts for the Elqui Valley, Chile." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 9 (September 21, 2017): 4711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4711-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In many semi-arid regions, multisectoral demands often stress available water supplies. Such is the case in the Elqui River valley of northern Chile, which draws on a limited-capacity reservoir to allocate 25 000 water rights. Delayed infrastructure investment forces water managers to address demand-based allocation strategies, particularly in dry years, which are realized through reductions in the volume associated with each water right. Skillful season-ahead streamflow forecasts have the potential to inform managers with an indication of future conditions to guide reservoir allocations. This work evaluates season-ahead statistical prediction models of October–January (growing season) streamflow at multiple lead times associated with manager and user decision points, and links predictions with a reservoir allocation tool. Skillful results (streamflow forecasts outperform climatology) are produced for short lead times (1 September: ranked probability skill score (RPSS) of 0.31, categorical hit skill score of 61 %). At longer lead times, climatological skill exceeds forecast skill due to fewer observations of precipitation. However, coupling the 1 September statistical forecast model with a sea surface temperature phase and strength statistical model allows for equally skillful categorical streamflow forecasts to be produced for a 1 May lead, triggered for 60 % of years (1950–2015), suggesting forecasts need not be strictly deterministic to be useful for water rights holders. An early (1 May) categorical indication of expected conditions is reinforced with a deterministic forecast (1 September) as more observations of local variables become available. The reservoir allocation model is skillful at the 1 September lead (categorical hit skill score of 53 %); skill improves to 79 % when categorical allocation prediction certainty exceeds 80 %. This result implies that allocation efficiency may improve when forecasts are integrated into reservoir decision frameworks. The methods applied here advance the understanding of the mechanisms and timing responsible for moisture transport to the Elqui Valley and provide a unique application of streamflow forecasting in the prediction of water right allocations.