Academic literature on the topic 'Supplier–purchaser relationships'
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Journal articles on the topic "Supplier–purchaser relationships"
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Jääskeläinen, Aki, and Otto Thitz. "Prerequisites for performance measurement supporting purchaser-supplier collaboration." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-08-2016-0121.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the prerequisites for performance measurement supporting purchaser-supplier relationships and value co-creation. It also explains the causes for the limited use of collaborative measurement. Design/methodology/approach Four case companies representing different contextual settings are studied. The primary source of empirical material is an interview study addressed to 24 interviewees. The empirical data are analyzed according to the constructs created as a result of the literature review. Findings The results reveal that prevailing performance measurement practices represent a more transactional than relationship-oriented approach to purchaser-supplier collaboration. The technical prerequisites for collaborative performance measurement are mostly not fulfilled, inhibiting the use of performance measurement in a collaborative manner. It is proposed that the differentiation between project and process production types has implications on the importance of collaborative performance measurement. Research limitations/implications The paper illustrates the desirable characteristics of performance measurement supporting collaboration. It also presents an application of collaborative performance measurement in a single case context. The research reveals the need to develop non-financial performance measures further in order to facilitate the more proactive use of performance measurement supporting true value co-creation between purchaser and supplier companies. Originality/value The empirical research on the topic of performance measurement in purchasing and supply management (PSM) is often limited to intra-organizational measurement and highlights transactional approach to collaboration between parties, although PSM research has otherwise acknowledged the importance of value creation and relationships between organizations.
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Laari-Salmela, Sari, Pia Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, Tuija Mainela, and Marjukka Manninen. "Power in and between organizations: subjectification transforming purchaser-supplier relationships." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 15724. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.15724abstract.
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Danielak, Wiesław. "Business model of the enterprise as a tool of building interorganizational relationships." Management 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10286-012-0053-1.
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AbstractBusiness model of the enterprise as a tool of building interorganizational relationships The deliberations included in the article concentrate on the essence of the business model of the enterprise as a tool of building interorganizational relationships. The importance of interorganizational relationships has been indicated, the ones, which stay in a close connection with the business model whose elements are people (employees, owners, suppliers, customers) as well as structures, processes and relationships the enterprise establishes with the environment. The elaboration defines the notion of a business model, presents the components of relational exchange between a purchaser and supplier as well as characterizes the elements of interorganizational relationships model.
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Pereira, Paulo Rodrigo Ramos Xavier, Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos, Luiz Carlos Federizzi, Vinícius do Nascimento Lampert, Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi, and Pedro Rocha Marques. "Advantages and challenges for Brazilian export of frozen beef." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 1 (January 2011): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000100028.
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The objectives of this research were to analyse data on the international market of frozen boneless beef and to classify its participants into groups according to their trade relationships, identifying the main factors that influence the preference of a country to beef from a determined supplier country. International beef trade is composed of two markets: in one of them, the relationships between supplier and client depend on the lowest price, and Brazil is found in favorable conditions; and the other, the relationships are preferably based on the sanitary quality of the herd and traceability systems recognized by the purchaser, to which Brazilian participation is low.
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Nagel, Duane M., Larry Giunipero, Hyeyoon Jung, Jim Salas, and Bryan Hochstein. "Purchaser perceptions of early phase supplier relationships: The role of similarity and likeability." Journal of Business Research 128 (May 2021): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.026.
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Subramaniam, Nava, Monika Kansal, Dessalegn Getie Mihret, and Shekar Babu. "Outsourcing mandated corporate social responsibility in India: risks and performance." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 15, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-07-2018-0061.
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Purpose This paper aims to assess the risks and challenges of corporate social responsibility (CSR) management in the Indian-mandated CSR ecosystem from a service purchaser–supplier dualistic perspective and the role management control systems (MCS) and social capital play in managing such risks and challenges. Design/methodology/approach This study undertook a qualitative approach that involved in-depth interviews of 22 CSR directors, managers or chief executive officers from 13 central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) that had purchased CSR services and nine managers of non-government organisations (NGOs) serving as CSR suppliers. Data analysis was founded on the principal–agent and social capital theoretical perspectives. Findings A highly bureaucratic, time-pressured mandated environment poses several goal congruence and adverse selection threats to outsourced CSR project arrangements. A mix of formal and informal control mechanisms is critical for enhancing trust or bonding between service purchasers and service providers and enriching bridging capital or access to resources derived from interpersonal connections between NGOs and communities. Practical implications NGOs and CPSEs may benefit from understanding each other’s goals and culture and using appropriate formal and informal MCS for managing CSR expectations and outcomes. Originality/value Drawing on a unique mandatory CSR regime, this study offers principal–agent and social capital perspectives on CSR programme delivery, highlighting the importance of various formal and informal MCS in lowering agency costs in outsourced CSR relationships.
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Boyett, Inger, Phil Robinson, Andrew Brown, and Don Finlay. "Supplier-purchaser relationships within a quasi-market: the case of British Rail and British Steel track products." European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management 2, no. 2-3 (June 1996): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-7012(95)00016-x.
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Forslund, Helena, and Stig-Arne Mattsson. "Strategies for achieving customer order flexibility – supplier perspective." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 32, no. 9 (November 11, 2021): 396–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-03-2021-0083.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a framework of strategies to achieving customer order flexibility in and related to the order-to-delivery (OTD) process. The purpose is also to investigate how companies prioritize various strategies to achieve customer order flexibility.Design/methodology/approachBased on a literature review, pre-tests and conceptual reasoning, a conceptual framework of strategies related to the order-to-delivery process was developed. The strategies were linked to the order quantity and delivery lead-time flexibility dimensions. This structure resulted in six groups covering enabling as well as remedial strategies. An empirical interview study of ten customer–supplier relationships was conducted.FindingsThe interviews identified additional strategies, thereby expanding the framework. The enabling strategies with the highest median values were “have continuous contact with the customer's purchaser” and “use safety stock of raw materials/semi-finished products”. The remedial strategy with the highest median was “re-plan/re-prioritize the order backlog”. In the delivery sub-process, it was more common to apply remedial strategies for delivery lead-time than for order quantities.Research limitations/implicationsThe developed framework is a contribution to the literature on operational flexibility in and related to the OTD process. It complements existing knowledge by taking a supplier perspective.Practical implicationsSuppliers can use the framework as a tool to understand and systematically achieve better customer order flexibility in and related to the OTD process. Customers can use the framework as a checklist for supplier evaluation and supplier development.Originality/valueFew identified studies include empirical data on customer order flexibility.
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Higgins, Matthew, Keith Gray, and Mark Francis Bailey. "Exploring the development of relationship marketing in the National Health Service: An empirical analysis of supplier–purchaser relationships in a quasi-market environment." Journal of Management & Marketing in Healthcare 4, no. 3 (August 2011): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1753304x11y.0000000005.
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Sutarmin, Akhmad Darmawan, Siti Nur Azizah, and Dadang Prasetyo Jatmiko. "An empirical evidence: supplier behavior in the natural materials of buyer – supplier relationship." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(1-1).2017.02.
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This research is a case study belonging to the historical research. The data were taken from the Department of Natural Product Buying and Financial and Controlling XYZ CORP. XYZ CORP is a manufacturing enterprise and exporter of clove oil and its derivatives to the world with a market share of about 55% of the world market. This study aims to empirically examine and study the ethical behavior of suppliers in the ever-changing business environment. The analysis tool used is the Mann Whitney test with SPSS 17.0 software. Based on the survey results it was revealed that for natural raw materials, the average purchase price between the rainy season and the dry season does not differ significantly, but the cost of purchase in the dry season, and the rainy season varies significantly. In this study, the price does not affect the acquisition of raw materials purchased from suppliers. The results of this study also obtained empirical evidence that the trading patterns of natural raw materials are strongly influenced by the behavior or ethics of suppliers, in addition to weather factors or uncertain climate.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supplier–purchaser relationships"
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Rasheed, Muhammad Faisal. "Purchasers’ responses to ethical dilemmas in B2B markets : a study of individual, psychological, and organizational variables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/210129_RASHEED_111jns949qu484taxewz764dyfp_TH.pdf.
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La présente étude s'est concentrée sur les réponses des professionnels des achats et de la chaîne d'approvisionnement face à 18 situations éthiques de référence. La thèse menée a émis l'hypothèse que les démographie personnelle et organisationnelle, religiosité, idéologies éthiques, puissance morale, et intensité morale sont liées aux quatre étapes de la prise de décision éthique (Jones, 1991) l'importance perçue de la question éthique, la reconnaissance, le jugement et l'intention dans un contexte d'achat. L'étude actuelle utilise principalement un modèle de recherche expérimentale de type quantitatif. Tout d'abord, six scénarios représentant six dimensions de l'intensité morale ont été construits et validés par des discussions avec des experts en achats. Les dimensions de l'intensité morale ont été manipulées par des scénarios. Les réponses ont été recueillies auprès de 364 professionnels des achats pour les six scénarios en réalisant une enquête. En ce qui concerne la vérification des hypothèses, l'étude actuelle a utilisé des statistiques univariées et multivariées pour analyser les données. L'analyse de variance a révélé des résultats significatifs en ce qui concerne l'intensité morale, la religiosité, les idéologies éthiques et potencé morale, qui sont hétérogènes en fonction des caractéristiques démographiques personnelles et organisationnelles. De plus, l'analyse de la méthode des équations structurelles a largement confirmé que l'intensité et puissance morale sont les antécédents clés des étapes de prise de décision éthique, soit indépendamment, soit dans le cadre nomologique de prise de décision éthique (importance perçue, reconnaissance, jugement et intention)The present study focused on responses of purchasing and supply chain professionals faced with certain ethical situations. Individual (personal demographics, religiosity, ethical ideologies), psychological (moral potency), issue contingent (moral intensity), and organizational (firm size, activity, code of ethics) variables are hypothesized to the four stages of ethical decision making (EDM) including perceived importance of ethical issue, recognition, judgment, and intention in a purchasing context. The current study majorly employed a quantitative experimental research design. Firstly, six purchasing scenarios representing six dimensions of moral intensity were constructed and validated through detailed discussions with purchasing experts. Moral intensity dimensions were manipulated through scenarios. Responses were collected from 364 purchasing professionals for all six scenarios by conducting a survey. Firstly, all categorical variables and manipulations were examined through ANOVA. Then overall model was then tested in a multivariate space by using SEM path analysis for all six scenarios. The variance analysis revealed significant findings for moral intensity, religiosity, ethical ideologies, and moral potency and are heterogeneous across personal and organizational demographics. Moreover, the SEM analysis largely confirmed that moral intensity and moral potency are the key antecedents to EDM stages either independently or in the nomological serially mediated framework of EDM (perceived importance, recognition, judgment, and intention). Finally, the present research concluded with future directions for researchers and implications for managers as well
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Rodrigues, Carla Maria Carvalho. "Diversidade nas práticas de compras: o caso de uma empresa de trading." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1676.
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Mestrado em Gestão/MBANos últimos anos tem existido um interesse crescente no papel estratégico das compras para o desempenho das empresas. Em vez de ser uma actividade meramente administrativa, é hoje reconhecido que a natureza das interfaces entre uma empresa e os seus fornecedores pode ter um impacto substancial nos processos de racionalização e desenvolvimento não apenas na empresa como em parte da rede em que está inserida. Na presente dissertação, e através de um estudo de casos múltiplos, pretende-se avaliar como é que uma empresa se tem inserido na rede, olhando em particular, para o seu tipo de orientações de compras e para a natureza das interfaces que estabelece com os fornecedores. Pretende-se avaliar também como e em que medida é que as orientações e as interfaces reflectem o tipo de problemas e desafios enfrentados pelos gestores de compras, como representantes das empresas clientes, e a natureza das soluções que procuram obter junto dos fornecedores. Verificou-se que existem vários tipos de relacionamentos entre a empresa focal e respectivos fornecedores, variando na sua natureza e interdependência com os relacionamentos entre a empresa focal e os utilizadores finais das ofertas. Uma dimensão importante desta variedade reside nas interfaces relacionais com os fornecedores, variando entre interfaces estandardizadas e interfaces mais complexas, nalguns casos deixando em aberto quem assegura o papel de integrador na implementação de soluções nos utilizadores finais.
In the last years there has been a growing interest in the strategic role of the purchases for the enterprises performance. Instead of being a solely clerical activity, today it is recognized that the nature of the interfaces between a company and its suppliers can have a potential impact in the rationalization and development processes not only in the company but also in the network where it is embedded. In the present thesis, and through a multiple case studies, it is intended to evaluate how a company is embedded in its network, particularly, to analyse its type of purchase orientations and nature of the interfaces that establishes with the suppliers. It is also intended to evaluate how and in what way the orientations and interfaces reflect the type of problems and challenges faced by the purchase managers who represent the company customers, and the nature of the solutions that try to obtain near the suppliers. It has been verified that exist several types of relationships between the company and its suppliers, varying in its nature and interdependency with the relationships between the company and the final-users of the purchases. One important dimension of this diversity relies on the interfaces with the suppliers, ranging from standard interfaces to more complex interfaces; in some cases keeping opened who assures the role of integrator in the solutions implementation in the end customers.
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Cristão, Jorge Manuel Simões. "Dimensões de valor no relacionamento comprador-fornecedor : casos na indústria hoteleira." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20620.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialUma perceção adequada das expectativas dos compradores é geralmente uma condição importante para a construção de relacionamentos colaborativos, e de longo prazo, mais do que apenas uma relação puramente transacional. O presente estudo visa analisar as dimensões de valor percebidas por gestores de compras, no setor da hotelaria e do turismo, no relacionamento com os seus fornecedores. Com esse propósito, foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de seis hotéis independentes em território nacional, e um hotel de cadeia internacional, mas sito também em Portugal, com o intuito de caracterizar as dimensões de valor do relacionamento. Assim sendo, foram identificadas oito dimensões de valor no relacionamento comprador-fornecedor. Os resultados indicam também que os benefícios do relacionamento desempenham um papel mais preponderante para os compradores, do que os custos do relacionamento estratégico de compras, mas não se repercute necessariamente em todos os casos. Os resultados indicam ainda que, os principais pressupostos considerados divergem conforme a complexidade da oferta, bem como perante o envolvimento na relação.
An adequate perception of buyers' expectations is generally an important condition for building collaborative and long-term relationships, more than just a purely transactional relationship. This study aims to analyze the dimensions of value perceived by purchasing managers, in the hospitality and tourism industry, at the relationship with their suppliers. With this purpose, interviews were conducted with managers of six independent hotels in the national territory, and an international chain hotel, but also located in Portugal, to characterize the relationship's value dimensions. Therefore, eight dimensions of value were identified in the buyer-supplier relationship. The results also indicate that the benefits of the relationship play a more important role for buyers, than the costs of the strategic purchasing relationship, but it does not necessarily have repercussions in all cases. The results also indicate that the main assumptions considered differ according to the complexity of the offer, as well as the involvement in the relationship.
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Caldera-Noriega, Juan Bautista, and jean_caldera@hotmail com. "A purchaser�s perspective of environmental uncertainty in the international manufacturing products supply chain." RMIT University. Management, 2005. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20060314.162500.
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International companies are increasingly taking advantage of the benefits of globalisation such as continuous improvement in transport and communication technologies that in turn lower transportation costs and decrease logistical difficulties. However, the international environment includes business uncertainty in the form of exchange rate volatility as well as political and economic issues. Moreover, ongoing reduction of trade barriers is reversing the previous tendency to integrate business vertically, shifting international business schemes towards outsourcing all except what the company consider its core competence. Supply chain management is a strategic concept that considers the behavioural and political dimensions of conflict and dependence at the purchaser-supplier interface. Nevertheless, there is substantive ambiguity regarding its actual practice. Furthermore, although international purchasers are increasingly becoming more important, the purchasing si de of international trade remains largely ignored in empirical research. This study focuses on understanding the complexity surrounding the commercial relationship between purchasing executives and foreign suppliers. The aim is to investigate what key factors are associated with uncertainty at the cross-national purchaser-supplier interface. Of interest to this research is how purchasing executives deal with those variables. The literature review addresses the discussions of the constructs as it informs the development of hypotheses investigating patterns arising from their interactions. The result was a theoretically driven model addressing the complexity of the purchaser-supplier interface. A survey was conducted to collect data from the membership of a nation-wide professional body of Australian purchasing executives. The richness of the management reality was approached by having recourse to systems theory and the realism paradigm. The model was tested and discussed using structural equation modelling, the supply chain management literature and the responses and comments of the participating purchasing executives buying from over twenty countries. xxii The results include purchaser�s perceptions regarding five latent variables and their concurrent interactions within the uncertainty surrounding international trade. The factors are culture affinity, the strength of the commercial relationship, quality reliability, ISO 9000 certification and the country of origin effect. Findings indicate that culture affinity is particularly important for purchasing executives and that it is a significant driver of the commercial relationship with foreign suppliers of manufacturing products. Nevertheless, culture affinity does not significantly influence perceptions of quality reliability. In contrast, commitment, cooperation and conflict management have a significant influence when assessing foreign supplier�s quality reliability. Trust, traditionally seen as a social aspect of the commercial relationship, was found structurally embedded in the perceptions of quality reliability together with technical dimensions of quality. The commercial relationship between Australi an purchasing executives and foreign suppliers was found to have a high level of maturity. However, the purchasers showed no orientation towards commercial equity, and cooperation was found to be incomplete, overlooking working on cost optimisation. Further, a level of commercial partnership has not been established. It is suggested that a relational approach in the international supply chain is a necessary, but insufficient, condition to progress to the level of commercial partnerships. The study shows that Australian purchasers� perceptions regarding ISO 9000 are surrounded by controversy. However, the Standard is still considered a credible quality management system tool that enhances supplier�s competitive position. Additionally, the majority of the Australian purchasing companies were not engaged in a low-cost country sourcing strategy. Overall, it can be said that the country of origin effect and ISO 9000 certification did not have a significant influence on quality perceptions within the context of an uncertain international environment. By taking a multivariable and multidisciplinary perspective, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of mature commercial relationships in the international supply chain. The findings provide valuable information that assists organisations to tune or balance the supply management philosophy principles in the uncertainty associated with global trade.
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Machalová, Cebáková Šárka. "Projekt hodnocení strategie nákupu vybrané komodity." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241534.
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This diploma thesis addresses a project of evaluating the selection of a supplier for purchase of a chosen commodity. The theoretical part describes general methodologies of supplier evaluation and selection. It also includes information on the production process and commodity purchase. The analytical part focuses on evaluation and selection of a supplier based on a point rating, where the output is a recommendation of the best supplier, which receives the highest number of points.
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Fikar, Jakub. "Studie řízení hodnocení dodavatelů vybraného podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399653.
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Diploma thesis deals with the current suppliers rating methodology at the company IMI Precision Engineering, focusing on the rating of specific suppliers and their groups. The aim of this thesis is to improve the existing suppliers output evaluation process and to suggest potential improvements of supplier-customer relationships in general.
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Kvasničková, Lucie. "Návrh řízení nákupu k dosažení vysoké přidané hodnoty pro zákazníka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416796.
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Topic of magister thesis is „Design of purchasing management to achieve high added value for the customer. Thesis is based on analyses of current situation, internal data, cooperation with employees of departments from Purchasing, Planning and Logistics. Suggestions are focused on decreasing value of inventory with positive impact on customers in company PODNIK s.r.o. Suggestions will be used as an inspiration for management for developing new strategy of management of supplier-customer relationship.
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Vašková, Petra. "Ekonomické chování podnikatelských subjektů při využití SCM." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374849.
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This dissertation work is focused on issues related to a purchasing process in business subjects. It examines issues related to an evaluation of suppliers for a particular order. It also deals with issues within supplier-purchaser relationship, its creation and management through the SCM - Supply Chain Management. The topic of this thesis is very progressive as the selection and the evaluation of the suppliers is a very important factor in the terms of purchase and purchase expenses. A good management of the supplier-purchaser relationship can save expenses to business subjects. The elaboration of this dissertation thesis used not just theoretical findings acquired from the Czech and international literature, but also findings from surveys. The primary survey was carried out through the quantitative research, in particular research questionnaires. The findings from the primary survey were evaluated through the application Microsoft Excel and UNISTAT ® Statistical Package Version 5.6.06 Light. The acquired results were used to define the most important factors, which affect an evaluation of suppliers as well as an evaluation of the SCM in companies and data about purchases in companies. In addition the findings from the research questionnaires helped to evaluate the appointed hypothesis of the dissertation thesis. A partial outcome of the dissertation thesis is the proposal of the methodology of the evaluation of new and current suppliers including the weighting of individual evaluation parameters. For a common suppliers’ evaluation, an evaluation frequency is set by the importance of supplied material. Additionally, it methodologically describes how to evaluate supplier in time for day-to-day supply and for one-off supply. An additional partial outcome is the proposal of the methodology for an evaluation of a level of the SCM. The conclusion of the dissertation thesis is dedicated to the summary of findings, discussion of preconditions for implementation of the proposed methodology to real situations and possibilities of an additional scientist work in appropriately related subjects.
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Tacconi, Marli de F?tima Ferraz da Silva. "A confian?a interorganizacional nas compras." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12071.
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Previous issue date: 2012-04-13This research is part of the field of organizational studies, focusing on organizational purchase behavior and, specifically, trust interorganizational at the purchases. This topic is current and relevant by addressing the development of good relations between buyer-supplier that increases the exchange of information, increases the length of relationship, reduces the hierarchical controls and improves performance. Furthermore, although there is a vast literature on trust, the scientific work that deal specifically at the trust interorganizational still need further research to synthesize and validate the variables that generate this phenomenon. In this sense, this investigation is to explain the antecedents of trust interorganizational by the relationship between the variable operational performance, organizational characteristics, shared values and interpersonal relationships on purchases by manufacturing industries, in order to develop a robust literature, most consensual, that includes the current sociological and economic, considering the effect of interpersonal relationships in this phenomenon. This proposal is configured in a new vision of the antecedents of interorganizational trust, described as significant quantitative from models Morgan and Hunt (1994), Doney and Cannon (1997), Zhao and Cavusgil (2006) and Nyaga, Whipple, Lynch (2011), as well as qualitative analysis of Tacconi et al. (2011). With regard to methodological aspects, the study assumes the form of a descriptive, survey type, and causal trace theoretical and empirical. As for his nature, the investigation, explicative character, has developed a quantitative approach with the use of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling SEM, with the use of IBM software SPSS Amos 18.0, using the method of maximum verisimilitude, and supported by technical bootstraping. The unit of analysis was the buyer-supplier relationship, in which the object under investigation was the supplier organization in view of the purchasing company. 237 valid questionnaires were collected among key informants, using a simple random sampling developed in manufacturing industries (SIC 10-33), located in the city of Natal and in the region of Natal. The first results of descriptive analysis demonstrate the phenomenon of interorganizational trust, in which purchasing firms believe, feel secure about the supplier. This demonstration showed high levels of intensity, predominantly among the vendors that supply the company with materials that are used directly in the production process. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, performed on each variable alone, generated a set of observable and unobservable variables more consistent, giving rise to a model, that needed to be further specified. This again specify model consists of trajectories was positive, with a good fit, with a composite reliability and variance extracted satisfactory, and demonstrates convergent and discriminant validity, in which the factor loadings are significant and strong explanatory power. Given the findings that reinforce the model again specify data, suggesting a high probability that this model may be more suited for the study population, the results support the explanation that interorganizational trust depends on purchases directly from interpersonal relationships, sharing value and operating performance and indirectly of personal relationships, social networks, organizational characteristics, physical and relational aspect of performance. It is concluded that this trust can be explained by a set of interactions between these three determinants, where the focus is on interpersonal relationships, with the largest path coefficient for the factor under study
Esta pesquisa se insere no campo dos estudos organizacionais, focalizando o comportamento de compra organizacional e, de forma espec?fica, a confian?a interorganizacional nas compras. Esse tema ? atual e relevante por abordar o desenvolvimento de boas rela??es entre comprador-fornecedor que amplia a troca de informa??es, aumenta o tempo de relacionamento, reduz os controles hier?rquicos e melhora o desempenho. Al?m disso, embora exista uma vasta literatura sobre confian?a, os trabalhos cient?ficos que tratam especificamente da confian?a interorganizacional ainda carecem de mais pesquisas que sintetizem e validem as vari?veis geradoras desse fen?meno. Nesse sentido, essa investiga??o consiste em explicar os antecedentes da confian?a interorganizacional pela rela??o entre as vari?veis desempenho operacional, caracter?sticas organizacionais, compartilhamento de valores e relacionamento interpessoal nas compras realizadas pelas ind?strias de transforma??o, a fim de desenvolver uma literatura robusta, mais consensual, que contemple as correntes sociol?gicas e econ?micas, considerando o efeito das rela??es interpessoais nesse fen?meno. Essa proposta se configura em uma nova vis?o dos antecedentes da confian?a interorganizacional, descritos como significativos com base nos modelos quantitativos de Morgan e Hunt (1994), Doney e Cannon (1997), Zhao e Cavusgil (2006) e Nyaga, Whipple, Lynch (2011), bem como da an?lise qualitativa de Tacconi et al. (2011). No que se refere aos aspectos metodol?gicos, o estudo assume a forma de uma pesquisa descritiva, do tipo survey, e causal de cunho te?rico emp?rico. Quanto ? sua natureza, a investiga??o, de car?ter explicativo, se desenvolveu em uma abordagem quantitativa, com o uso da an?lise fatorial explorat?ria e da modelagem de equa??es estruturais SEM, com o recurso do software IBM SPSS Amos 18.0, utilizando o m?todo da m?xima verossimilhan?a e apoiada pela t?cnica de bootstraping. A unidade de an?lise foi a rela??o comprador-fornecedor, em que o objeto investigado era a organiza??o fornecedora na vis?o da empresa compradora. Foram coletados 237 question?rios v?lidos, entre os informantes-chaves, utilizando uma amostragem aleat?ria simples desenvolvida nas ind?strias de transforma??o (CNAE 10 a 33), localizadas na cidade do Natal e na regi?o da Grande Natal. Os primeiros resultados das an?lises descritivas demonstram o fen?meno da confian?a interorganizacional na qual as empresas compradoras acreditam, se sentem seguras em rela??o ? empresa fornecedora. Essa manifesta??o apresentou altos n?veis de intensidade, com predomin?ncia entre os fornecedores que suprem a empresa com os materiais que s?o utilizados diretamente no processo produtivo. As an?lises fatoriais explorat?rias e confirmat?rias, realizadas em cada vari?vel isoladamente, geraram um conjunto de vari?veis observ?veis e n?o observ?veis mais consistentes, que juntas formaram um modelo que precisou de reespecifica??o. Esse modelo reespecificado foi constitu?do por trajet?rias positivas, com bom ajustamento, com confiabilidade composta e vari?ncia extra?da satisfat?rias, assim como demonstra validade convergente e discriminante, nas quais as cargas fatoriais s?o significativas e com forte poder explicativo. Diante das constata??es que refor?am o modelo reespecificado aos dados, sugerindo uma elevada probabilidade de que esse modelo seja o mais ajustado para a popula??o em estudo, os resultados suportam a explica??o de que a confian?a interorganizacional nas compras depende diretamente do relacionamento interpessoal, do compartilhamento de valores e do desempenho operacional e indiretamente das rela??es pessoais, redes sociais, caracter?sticas organizacionais, aspecto f?sico e relacional do desempenho. Conclui-se que essa confian?a pode ser explicada por um conjunto de intera??es entre esses tr?s determinantes, nos quais o ponto central recai sobre o relacionamento interpessoal, que apresentou o maior coeficiente de trajet?ria para o fator em estudo
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Rioja, Levano Martin Reynaldo. "Propuesta para incrementar el nivel de servicio interno en el proceso de abastecimiento mediante el diseño de un sistema de control de inventarios y de la gestión de relación con los proveedores en una empresa del sector minero." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652335.
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La presente tesis se centra en analizar las herramientas de ingeniería industrial que permitan incrementar el nivel de servicio interno en el proceso de abastecimiento logístico en una empresa del sector minero y con el entorno económico de los últimos 10 años. La hipótesis plantea la implementación de un sistema de control de inventarios y de la gestión de relación con los proveedores. El trabajo está compuesto de cuatro capítulos. En el primero se analizó el marco teórico y los casos de éxito. En el segundo, se abordaron temas como: antecedentes y procesos generales y logísticos de la organización, definición del problema y sus causas, el impacto económico y el planteamiento del objetivo general y específico. Por su parte, el tercer capítulo se dividió en dos etapas: la primera correspondiente al diseño de la metodología y en la segunda etapa el desarrollo de la propuesta. Finalmente, en el cuarto capítulo, se incluyó el presupuesto de recursos, el análisis financiero de riesgos y la elaboración del flujo de caja respectivo; asimismo, se validó la propuesta por medio de la simulación con el software ProModel.
Por lo expuesto, se concluye que, con la correcta elección del sistema de inventarios y una adecuada gestión de relación con los proveedores, se podrá incrementar el nivel de servicio interno en el proceso de abastecimiento logístico, con lo cual se logrará cumplir con un óptimo nivel de atención de repuestos de alta rotación, así como el cumplimiento en las entregas a tiempo para las compras con prioridad normal.The present thesis focuses on analyzing industrial engineering tools that allow increasing the level of internal service in the logistics supply process in a company in the mining sector and with the economic environment of the last 10 years. he hypothesis raises the implementation of an inventory control system and supplier relationship management. The following work is made up of four chapters. In the first, the theoretical framework and success cases were analyzed. In the second, topics such as: background and general and logistical processes of the organization, definition of the problem and its causes, the economic impact and the approach of the general and specific objective were addressed. Consequently, the third chapter was divided into two stages: the first corresponding to the design of the methodology and the second to the development of the proposal. Nevertheless, in the fourth chapter, the resource budget, the financial risk analysis and the preparation of the respective cash flow were included; Likewise, the proposal was validated through simulation with the Promodel software. Based on the foregoing, it is concluded that, with the correct selection of the inventory system and proper relationship management with suppliers, the level of internal service in the logistics supply process may be increased, thereby achieving optimum compliance level of attention of high rotation spare parts, as well as the fulfillment in the deliveries in time for the purchases with a normal priority.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional
Books on the topic "Supplier–purchaser relationships"
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Great Britain. Treasury. Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency., ed. Managing supplier relationships. London: HMSO, 1993.
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Office, General Accounting. Defense inventory: Status of inventory and purchases and their relationship to current needs : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.
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Menon, Rajan. India and Russia. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.37.
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Pragmatism defined the partnership between India and the Soviet Union. What sustained it was the overlap between India’s non-alignment strategy and the USSR’s objective of countering the American policy of containment. The Soviet leadership sold India substantial amounts of arms and helped build its state-run industrial sector; India’s leaders saw the Soviet connection as a counterbalance against Pakistan, China, and the United States. Pragmatism also defines the India–Russia relationship. Russia remains India’s largest arms supplier. Their views on sovereignty, the dangers of unilateral military intervention, and the threats posed by terrorism converge. But Russia’s salience for India’s trade and investment has been surpassed by the West, even China. India is diversifying its arms purchases; the West and Israel are eager to oblige. Russia’s relative power is declining as China’s is rising; in response, India has forged new security ties with East Asia and the United States.
Book chapters on the topic "Supplier–purchaser relationships"
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Hartmann, Evi. "Determining the purchase situation: Cornerstone of supplier relationship management." In B-to-B Electronic Marketplaces, 7–31. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-09446-3_2.
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Theodorakopoulos, Nicholas, and Monder Ram. "A Framework for Assessing and Managing Large Purchaser - Minority Supplier Relationships in Supplier Diversity Initiatives." In Supply Chain. I-Tech Education and Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/5335.
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Liker, Jeffrey K., Rajan R. Kamath, S. Nazli Wasti, and Mitsuo Nagamachi. "Integrating Suppliers into Fast-Cycle Product Development." In Engineered In Japan, 152–91. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095555.003.0007.
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Abstract Japanese companies are frequently cited as world-class models of effective manufacturer-supplier relationships (Clark & Fujimoto, 1991; Cusumano & Takeishi, 1991; Helper, 1991; Smitka, 1991; Womack, Jones, & Roos, 1990). The Japanese approach includes such features as a high percentage of outsourced (as opposed to internally produced) parts, long-term relationships with a small number of dedicated suppliers, and the early involvement of suppliers in the design process (Clark & Fujimoto, 1991). The close working relationship with outside suppliers in product development is cited as one way that Japanese auto manufacturers have reduced their product development time from approved concept to production to under three years, whereas U.S. auto companies usually take four or more years to develop new vehicles. An automobile consists of 10,000 to 20,000 separate parts, and in Japan about 70 percent of these parts are purchased from outside suppliers (Smitka, 1991). Therefore, any serious attempt to engage in concurrent engineering and reduce product-development time must provide a role for parts suppliers.
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MacDuffie, John Paul, and Susan Helper. "Creating Lean Suppliers: Diffusing Lean Production through the Supply Chain." In Remade in America, Transplanting and Transforming Japanese Management Systems, 154–200. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195118155.003.0005.
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Abstract The existence of supplier-customer relationships, particularly among Japanese companies, that fit neither “market” nor “hierarchy” categories has drawn sustained attention in recent years (Cusumano and Takeishi, 1995; Dyer and Ouchi, 1993; Helper, 1991, 1992; Nishiguchi, 1994; Smitka, 1992). Such arrangements are integral to the structure of Japanese business networks (Gerlach, 1993), and they have also been a companion to Japanese direct investment in overseas manufacturing facilities. In the auto industry, Japanese companies initially used parts from Japan in the new assembly plants built in North America in the 1980s. But, since then, they have steadily increased the percentage of parts purchased from U.S.-located suppliers of both U.S. and Japanese ownership (Kenney and Florida, 1993; Mair, 1993). In the process, some of these Japanese companies have taken the unusual step of working extensively with their suppliers to teach them “lean production”often by sending their own employees into supplier plants for weeks or months to redesign work stations, reorganize process flow, modify equipment, and establish problem-solving groups.
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Li, Xiaoping, Lijuan Xie, and Lan Xu. "Influence Factors of Online Shopping Food Quality Performance Considering the Relationship Quality." In Research Anthology on E-Commerce Adoption, Models, and Applications for Modern Business, 1157–68. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8957-1.ch059.
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Most of the existing research relating to online shopping are focused on the analysis of customers' purchase intention and loyalty, but lack influencing factors on the quality performance of online shopping food. This article introduces the relationship quality, and constructs a model of relationship quality, logistics service quality, information sharing, supplier quality management and quality performance. This is done through an empirical study, taking 145 online food businesses as an example. At the same time, the relationship quality not only has an effect on the quality performance through information sharing, logistics service quality and supplier quality management, but also has an indirect effect on quality performance through information sharing and logistics service quality or information sharing and supplier quality management.
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Pires, Paulo Botelho, António Correia Barros, and Filipe Taveira Santos. "The Buying Decision-Making Process in the Selection of Device Suppliers in Reproductive Medicine." In Management and Marketing for Improved Competitiveness and Performance in the Healthcare Sector, 1–23. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7263-4.ch001.
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This study identifies the criteria underlying the buying decision-making process of medical devices in reproductive medicine. This research had three main objectives. The first one was to translate the criteria mentioned by the decision-makers into theoretical constructs, while the second objective was intended to establish the relationship between the constructs, creating a conceptual model of buying decision-making for medical devices in reproductive medicine. The third objective was to identify suitable business and marketing strategies for such a decision-making process. Four constructs were evaluated in the pre-purchase phase, namely the brand, the product's performance, the training associated with the product, and the price. In the post-purchase phase, decision-makers evaluated the following constructs: service provided by the company, the relationship with the salesperson, and loyalty. Regarding marketing strategies, market-orientation strategy, relationship-marketing strategy, and brand-equity strategy were identified as possible strategies.
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Bhattacharya, Narma, and Col (Dr ). Mahender Kumar. "To Analyse the Usage of Web Based Platforms in Indian Hospitals and the Way Forward." In HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES. KAAV PUBLICATIONS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789388996822.2023.eb.ch-20.
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Presently, the development of net astute patients and advanced cell subordinate specialists in India is giving acceleration in the utilization of web based media drives by medical clinic industry. Sites and web based media stages are being continuously utilized as a starter point by the patients/clients for social event data about emergency clinics furthermore, different suppliers since now daily's medical care is additionally dealt with like a client buy just like the case with other supplier businesses, along these lines the data discovered goes about as a structure of their decisions. They have effectively perceived online media in various areas just as medical services. Relating practice rates can be utilized to give an imaginative measurement to medical services in the semi-metropolitan locales of India" [1]. One more examination in 2015 properly advances that a developing aggregate "of emergency clinics and wellbeing frameworks use web-based media to allow clients to convey input and appraisals. The relationship between appraisals via web-based media what's more, more normal clinic quality measurements remain essentially dubious, raising worry that medical care purchasers may settle on choices on mixed up or unsatisfactory proof concerning quality" [2].
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Gurau, Calin. "UML as an Essential Tool for Implementing eCRM Systems." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 1453–63. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch196.
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Electronic commerce requires the redefinition of the firm’s relationships with partners, suppliers, and customers. The goal of effective customer relationship management (CRM) practice is to increase the firm’s customer equity, which is defined by the quality, quantity, and duration of customer relationships (Fjermestad & Romano, 2003). The explosive development of the online market and the rapid evolution of customer management applications have determined the companies to implement electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) systems, which are using advanced technology to enhance customer relationship management practices. The successful implementation of an eCRM system requires a specific combination of IT applications that support the classic domains of the CRM concept: marketing, sales, and service (Kennedy, 2006). Electronic marketing aims for acquiring new customers and moving existing customers to further purchases. Electronic sales try to simplify the buying process and to provide superior customer support. Electronic service has the task to provide electronic information and services for arising questions and problems or to convey customers to the right contact person in the organization. The eCRM system comprises a number of business processes, interlinked in a logical succession: • Market segmentation: The collection of historical data, complemented with information provided by third parties (such as marketing research agencies), is segmented on the basis of customer life-time value (CLV) criteria, using data mining applications. • Capturing the customer: The potential customer is attracted to the Web site of the firm through targeted promotional messages, diffused through various communication channels. • Customer information retrieval: The information retrieval process can be either implicit or explicit. When implicit, the information retrieval process registers the Web behaviour of customers, using specialized software applications, such as “cookies.” On the other hand, explicit information can be gathered through direct input of demographic data by the customer (using online registration forms or questionnaires). Often, these two categories of information are connected at database level. • Customer profile definition: The customer information collected is analyzed in relation with the target market segments identified through data mining, and a particular customer profile is defined. The profile can be enriched with additional data (e.g., external information from marketing information providers). This combination creates a holistic view of the customer, his needs, wants, interests and behaviour (Pan & Lee, 2003). • Personalization of firm-customer interaction: the customer profile is used to identify the best customer management campaign (CMC), which is applied to personalize the company-customer online interaction. • Resource management: The company-customer transaction require complex resource management operations, which are partially managed automatically, through specialized IT-applications, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) or Supply Chain Management (SCM), and partly through the direct involvement and coordination of operational managers.
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Liu-Lastres, Bingjie, and Amy M. Johnson. "Managing the reputation of cruise lines in times of crisis A review of current practices." In Reputation and Image Recovery for the Tourism Industry. Goodfellow Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911396673-4102.
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Serving as both a luxury hotel and a traveling city, the cruise line industry acts as one of the fastest growing sectors within the tourism and hospitality industry. With a 62% growth in demand from 2005 to 2015, the cruise line industry expects to welcome 28 million global passengers on board (Cruise Line International Association [CLIA], 2018). According to CLIA (2018), the top five source markets of the global cruise industry are the United States (11.5 million passengers in 2016), China (2.1 million passengers in 2016), Germany (2 million passengers in 2016), United Kingdom (1.9 million passengers in 2016), and Australia (1.3 million passengers in 2016). Although the United States ranks as one of the most important markets for the cruise industry, the number of domestic cruise line companies remains relatively small, which is due to the necessity of obtaining substantial capital investment, and the intense competition (Ryschka et al., 2016). Within such a competitive market, reputation has become one of the key assets that cruise line companies cannot simply overlook (Weaver, 2005). Reputation refers to “the prestige or status of a product of service, as perceived by the purchaser, based on the image of the supplier” (Petrick, 2002:125). Reputation helps distinguish a particular brand from others as well as affecting peoples’ attitude, perceptions, and purchasing intentions (Petrick 2002, 2011; Weaver, 2005). The strong relationship between reputation and consumer decisions and behaviors has been well reported by numerous empirical studies, including both the general marketing literature (e.g. Olshavsky & Granbois, 1979) and the cruise tourism literature (e.g. Perick, 2002, 2011).
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Hameed, Shahul. "Consumer Trust and Confidence in Internet Commerce." In Internet Commerce and Software Agents, 43–57. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-01-3.ch003.
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The Internet network is rapidly becoming more and more popular among companies as an avenue to do business. It has made it easy for them to advertise, market their products and services, and communicate with their customers. Advertising and marketing on the Internet offers the promise of huge profits. Sellers, though, are not the only ones to reap benefits from the Internet. Purchasing products over the Net has also become extremely beneficial. It is faster than the traditional process of mail ordering, and various on-line support forums provide advice that is not found in manuals, catalogs, or brochures. Over the last few years, retail and computer experts have called the Internet the hottest marketing trend and the new consumer market. There are a number of benefits which Internet commerce could potentially deliver to consumers—convenience, wide choice of products, better product information, new types of products and services, and even lower prices. Nevertheless, the actual volume of consumer buying on the Internet is still small, a tiny fraction of worldwide consumer purchases. At the heart of this phenomenon of Internet commerce are the most essential concerns of the consumer—trust, confidence, and protection. Trust, itself, represents an evaluation of information, an analysis that requires decisions about the value of specific information in terms of several factors. Methodologies are being constructed to evaluate information more systematically, to generate decisions about increasingly complex and sophisticated relationships. In turn these methodologies about information and trust will strongly influence the growth of the Internet as a medium for commerce. In this new business environment, consumers find themselves increasingly in the driver’s seat, holding a tremendous amount of purchasing power over providers and sellers. They are empowered because they now have access to a worldwide assortment of suppliers—the Web gives them the power to buy from anyone, anywhere, anytime. The consumers, therefore, want to have control over the collection and use of their personal data and to have appropriate redress mechanisms available in the event of a problem.
Conference papers on the topic "Supplier–purchaser relationships"
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He, Zhenggang, Zhengqiang He, Na Li, and Wei Liao. "Decision of the Competitive and Cooperative Relationships between Supplier and Purchaser Based on Maximal Profits." In Eighth International Conference of Chinese Logistics and Transportation Professionals (ICCLTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40996(330)114.
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Barnes, Richard W. "What is the Relationship Between Quality, Quality Assurance and the Section III Design Specification." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31252.
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This paper explores the relationship between the Design Specification required for each Section III component and the terms Quality, Quality Assurance, Quality Product, and Management System (Quality Management System). The author’s experience indicates that the relationship between Quality and Quality Assurance is poorly understood and that the resistance experienced to the implementation of a Quality Assurance Program is often due to the person’s lack of understanding that a Quality Assurance Program really does help people do their work “right the first time”. This lack of understanding often results in poorly defined requirements in the purchasing documents, inadequate definition of scope and a product that does not meet requirements. Even more importantly it can lead to the development of poor relationships between the purchaser and the supplier and particularly in the nuclear field, poor relationships with Regulators. The economic impact is also significant, delays in schedule, delays in product acceptance and payment results in costs that are eventually passed on to the consumer. Once the above relationships are properly understood and appreciated resistance can turn into positive acceptance. The Section III concept of providing a Design Specification as a complete basis for construction also takes on new meaning.
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Rudolph, Steven G. "Deregulation in the Electric Power Industry." In ASME 1995 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1995-4102.
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The Electric Power Industry has begun an unprecedented transformation caused by changes in regulation, generation and utilization technology. These changes will forever change the way consumers purchase electricity. The Electric Power industry is the most capital intensive industry in the world. As such, it has also traditionally been the most regulated industry. Pricing and regulatory pressures have begun a process that will dissect the industry and greatly complicate the relationship between the electric supplier and the electric user. This paper will endeavor to outline how we got here and where the industry is moving with these changes. Paper published with permission.
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Oliver, Mikah, Urška Vrabič-Brodnjak, and Iva Jestratijevic. "Consumers' socio-demographics influence between purchase intention and actual behavior of environmentally friendly grocery packaging." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p60.
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Grocery aisles in the United States provide the shocking realization that plastic packaging dominates the grocery industry. This realization raises the question of whether consumers are purchasing food that is not wrapped in plastic but in environmentally friendly packaging. For some consumers, finding food products wrapped in environmentally friendly packaging is not easy as it is not widely available in many United States grocery stores. This study adapted the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate the relationship between purchase intention and purchasing behavior toward environmentally-friendly grocery packaging. This quantitative study collected 487 usable responses targeting a population of US consumers over 18 years old who purchase groceries. This study uncovered novel findings. This study supplied a fresh perspective on socio-demographics' role in environmentally friendly consumption, confirming that predominantly younger, unmarried consumers are likelier to act upon their intentions by purchasing environmentally friendly grocery packaging. The hope is that these findings provide marketers with fresh insights into the characteristics of consumers willing to purchase environmentally friendly grocery packaging. Results can also give government agencies and brands a clearer perspective on ways to increase consumers' knowledge of environmentally friendly packaging consumption.
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Egan, Vanessa M., Patrick A. Walsh, and Edmond J. Walsh. "Flow Characteristics of Aluminium Oxide Nanofluids." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88450.
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The current study is an investigation in the flow characteristics of aluminium oxide nanofluids. Relative viscosity measurements are obtained for varying volume fractions using both a rotational viscometer and an experimental setup designed for pressure drop measurements in tubes. The effect of nanoparticle size and preparation method is also investigated as predispersed nanofluids of nominal particle size 10nm and 50nm are compared with each other and with a fluid mixed from Al2O3 nanopowder. Volume fractions of between 1% and 7% were tested. The first method employed to obtain viscosities is based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar pipe flow, where pressure drop measurement and flow rate measurements are used to determine relative viscosities of various nanofluids samples. Viscosity measurements were also obtained for a number of solutions on a rotational viscometer and compared to the latter and existing models available in the literature. Overall, it was found during experimentation that the relationship between pressure and flow rate for the various nanofluids was linear indicating that the fluids were Newtonian in nature. An increase in viscosity was recorded for increasing volume fraction; however this was seen to be negligible for volume fractions lower than 1%. Overall it was also seen that both methods of determining relative viscosity were in good agreement. There was not a clear indication of the effect of nanoparticle size on the relative viscosity however the nanofluids formulated from purchased Al2O3 powder resulted in a considerably lower relative viscosity when compared to both nanofluids purchased pre-dispersed from suppliers.
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Bodoga, Alexandra, and Alina Iovandragomir. "SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR FOOTWEAR TRACEABILITY." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-170.
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In recent years, sustainability has become a popular topic in industries, has gained increasing importance in wealthy countries all over the world. The companies need to make sure their products are sustainable and traceable, which requires the involvement of all participants in the value chain. Footwear traceability represents the possibility to identify and trace the elements embedded into the whole shoe value chain (raw materials, production, distribution) by producers / clients / suppliers / stakeholders in order to inform them about the product. For that, each pair of shoes should have a special barcode (as a label) and using a scanning application the person can receive information about the shoe. This study proposes a structured approach that uses a software which provide a report about: The origin of raw material, materials, components used to obtain the footwear; The time and place of footwear manufacturing through the production process. It is necessary to specify the timeframe for which the traceability is ensured, and target workers or management staff on identifying technological solutions and technological equipment used; The location of the product in warehouses and after delivery. It is very important to the producer to have a feedback from customer, to maintain the relationship. For example if the consumer identify non-conformities of the product and the traceability was done properly, then the producer will find very easy and fix the problem. If traceability has not been properly carried out, the costs of restoring the information base will increase. This software will help consumers to get more information about the shoe they want to purchase, on one hand and producers / suppliers to manage the production network, on the other hand.
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Smith, Amanda D., and Pedro J. Mago. "Impact of Thermal Storage Option for CHP Systems on the Optimal Prime Mover Size and the Need for Additional Heat Production." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91175.
Full textAbstract:
Combined heat and power (CHP) or cogeneration systems provide both electricity and useful heat to a building. CHP systems can result in lower operational cost, primary energy consumption (PEC), and carbon dioxide emissions when compared to the standard alternative of purchasing electricity from the grid and supplying heat from a boiler. However, the potential for these benefits is closely linked to the relationship between the ratio of power to heat supplied by the CHP system and the ratio of power to heat demanded by the building. Therefore, the benefits of the CHP system also vary with the size of the prime mover. In the model presented in this paper, the CHP system is base-loaded, providing a constant power-to-heat ratio. The power-to-heat ratio demanded by the building depends on the location and the needs of the building, which vary throughout the day and throughout the year. At times when the CHP system does not provide the electricity needed by the building, electricity is purchased from the grid, and when the CHP system does not provide the heat needed by the building, heat is generated with a supplemental boiler. Thermal storage is an option to address the building’s load variation by storing excess heat when the building needs less heat than the heat produced by the CHP system, which can then be used later when the building needs more heat than the heat produced by the CHP system. The potential for a CHP system with thermal storage to reduce cost, PEC, and emissions is investigated, and compared with both a CHP system without thermal storage and with the standard reference case. This proposed model is evaluated for three different commercial building types in three different U.S. climate zones. The size of the power generation unit (PGU) is varied and the effect of the correspondingly smaller or larger base load on the cost, PEC, and emissions savings is analyzed. The most beneficial PGU size for a CHP system with the thermal storage option is compared with the most beneficial PGU size without the thermal storage option. The need for a supplemental boiler to provide additional heat is also examined in each case with the thermal storage option.
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DiDomenico, Giovanni C., and C. Tyler Dick. "Analysis of Trends in Commuter Rail Energy Efficiency." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3787.
Full textAbstract:
Commuter rail systems are widely regarded as an effective transportation alternative to reduce energy consumption and emissions in large urban areas. Use of commuter rail systems in the United States is on the rise, with annual ridership increasing by 28 percent between 1997 and 2007 [1]. With growing concerns about the sustainability and environmental impacts of transportation, modal energy efficiency is increasingly considered amongst the metrics to evaluate the benefits and costs of transportation systems and justify future investment. To gauge the relative long-term efficiency trends for rail as an urban transportation mode, this study analyzes historic trends in energy efficiency metrics for US commuter rail systems. Commuter rail systems receiving, or benefiting from, Federal Transit Administration (FTA) grants are required to report operations and energy consumption data on an annual basis to the National Transit Database (NTD). NTD data on energy consumption, operations, and services supplied from 1997 to 2011 are analyzed to determine historic trends in various energy efficiency metrics for the commuter rail mode as a whole. The data analysis and comparison of the results with the highway mode is complicated by the use of electric traction by some commuter rail operators. These operators report energy consumption in purchased electricity (kWh) instead of gallons of liquid fuel. The different approaches that can be employed to compare these two forms of propulsion and their intrinsic efficiencies and energy sources are discussed. Energy efficiency of each commuter rail system and its relationship to individual system characteristics during the study period are also analyzed. Finally, case studies of historic energy efficiency of individual commuter rail systems with longer operating histories and reporting data over the majority of the study period are contrasted against more recent start-up systems. While many systems outperform the energy efficiency of a typical light-duty vehicle, there are others that, due to a variety of system parameters and characteristics, fail to achieve a load factor great enough to make them more attractive than the highway mode on a gross average level. It is hoped that highlighting trends and variation in commuter rail energy efficiency will allow policymakers to make more informed decisions regarding the environmental benefits of rail as an urban transportation mode.
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Hatano, Yusuke, Keiichi Watanuki, and Kazunori Kaede. "Effects of Scent Presentation on Choice and Judgment." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001800.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, scents have been increasingly used in various situations as stimulants in addition to content, such as in 4DX movie screenings and as original aromas to enhance brand images. Research on scents has also garnered interest; a study conducted at a casino in Las Vegas reported that creating specific scents around the slot machines increased the input number of coins by approximately 45%, and research on the effects of lighting or scent have suggested that scents may influence purchase motivations. The olfactory brain that is responsible for the sense of smell overlaps with the emotional brain that is responsible for emotions and is believed to contribute greatly to its development. The sense of smell is considered to have stronger connections to emotions than the other senses, and there is growing interest in the use of scents to manipulate psychological states into desired states. We experimentally evaluated the relationships between emotional changes caused by scents and image evaluations. Further, we obtained the image evaluation impressions and quantified the influences of scent on selection and evaluation. In order to evaluate the differences in selection, we focused on the categories of images. We prepared five categories of images: sweets, fruits, flowers, nature, and indoor images, and asked the participants to select images that did not overlap the categories. An evaluation index was created based on the harmony of the fragrance with the impression of the image. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the change in the selection rate and the harmony with the fragrance in each category. This suggests that the presentation of scents gives a better impression to images that have a high degree of harmony with scents. To assess the effects of emotion induction by scent presentation on evaluation of image impressions, we conducted experiments for image impression evaluations by presenting scents to 10 healthy male participants in their 20s (22.3±1.3 years) with no known olfactory abnormalities. The ambient air was scented using a bubbling method and supplied through a nasal cannula. We used peppermint essential oil, which has different pleasant and unpleasant emotion associations depending on participant experiences and presented it at a concentration of 1%. The Japanese version of the POMS2 (short version) assessments were used for subjective evaluations of emotion induction, and the emotion changes was evaluated from the differences in scores before and after the experiments. To objectively evaluate emotions, we used a measure the volumetric pulse waveforms from the participant fingertips as well as sweating characteristics. Subjective evaluations of the scent were conducted after completion of the impression evaluations for two items, namely "pleasant-unpleasant" and "arousing-sedating". Two pleasant images, one neutral image, and two unpleasant images were selected based on subjective emotional valences. In the impression evaluation experiment that focused on changes in emotions, a positive correlation was observed between changes in images and scent sensitivity evaluations for positive images, and a negative correlation was similarly identified for negative images.