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Misner, Scottie. "Herbal Supplements." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146441.
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3 pp.The number and variety of available herbal medicines have exploded since the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. This article provides information and practical tips that help in understand what?›????s available and help sort through the dizzying array of products.
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Çeliköz, Zafer Alizade Rafail. "Submodules That Have Supplements/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/matematik/T000661.pdf.
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Clark, W. Andrew, and Norman Assad. "Nutritional Supplements and Infertility." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2527.
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Bentley, Zoe. "Chemical analysis of dietary supplements." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843637/.
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The increased use of dietary supplements in today's society has been attributed to the general public's greater awareness of what constitutes a healthy diet. The elemental content (Ca, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) of seventy-four dietary supplements (tablets, capsules and powders) was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Different digestion methods (wet open vessel and microwave) were developed for the dissolution of dietary supplements, utilising both concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Both digestion procedures were found to give no significant statistical difference between the experimental results and certified values at a 99% confidence limit (Paired t-test) for all element values in two certified reference materials, namely NIES Rice Flour and IGGE Tea. For both certified reference materials, there was. The elemental content of the dietary supplements ranged from 0.1-200 mg/g for macro essential elements (Ca, Fe and Mg), 1-500 mug/g for trace essential elements (Cr, Co, Cu, Mn. Mo, Ni and Zn) and 0.4-10 mug/g for non-essential elements (Cd and Pb), all on a dry weight basis. Comparison of experimental results with commercial label values for dietary supplements showed: (1) calculated Ca and Mg concentrations were systematically lower than the label values; and (2) the experimental results for the other essential elements were in good agreement. The essential element contribution of base materials was investigated, though the results were inconclusive. Dietary supplements containing fat-soluble vitamins were analysed for retinol acetate, ergocalciferol (D2), cholecalciferol (D3), tocopherol (E), tocopherol acetate and phylloquinone (K1) using a modified simultaneous high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. For each vitamin, a recovery of >90% was obtained with the use of a direct solvent extraction procedure. An in vitro study into the bioavailability of iron and zinc in yeast-based supplements was accomplished. This study provided results suggesting that iron supplements containing vitamin C were more bioavailable than yeast or tablet-based supplements that contained no vitamin C. Zinc bioavailability was observed to be greater in multi-component and yeast-based dietary supplements.
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Kleijnen, Joseph Maria Pieter. "Food supplements and their efficacy." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1991. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5644.
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Axon, David R., Janka Vanova, Courtney Edel, and Marion Slack. "Dietary Supplement Use, Knowledge, and Perceptions Among Student Pharmacists." AMER ASSOC COLL PHARMACY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625203.
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Objective. To compare dietary supplement use between student pharmacists and the general population, and assess knowledge, attitudes toward use, and dietary supplement effectiveness; and to explore how student pharmacists view their education on dietary supplements. Methods. Paper questionnaires administered to student pharmacists collected data about their use, knowledge, and attitudes of dietary supplements. Use was compared to the 2007 National Health Interview survey findings. Results. Of 179 students who responded, 52% had used at least one dietary supplement in their lifetime versus 25% in the general population. Students perceived supplement label information as unhelpful, research into supplements inadequate, and supplements non-essential to health. Students thought supplement knowledge was important but their education was inadequate. Conclusion. Dietary supplement use was higher in this sample of student pharmacists than the general population. Student pharmacists had limited knowledge and need more education on dietary supplements.
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Crighton, Elly Gwyn. "Are supplements supplemented? Evaluating the composition of complementary and alternative medicines using mass spectrometry and metabolomics." Thesis, Crighton, Elly Gwyn (2020) Are supplements supplemented? Evaluating the composition of complementary and alternative medicines using mass spectrometry and metabolomics. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/57740/.
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The complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) industry is worth over US$110 billion globally. Products are available to consumers with little medical advice; with many assuming that such products are ‘natural’ and therefore safe. However, with adulterated, contaminated and fraudulent products reported on overseas markets, consumers may be placing their health at risk. Previous studies into product content have reported undeclared plant materials, ingredient substitution, adulteration and contamination. However, no large-scale, independent audit of CAM has been undertaken to demonstrate these problems in Australia.
This study aimed to investigate the content and quality of CAM products on the Australian market. 135 products were analysed using a combination of next-generation DNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nearly 50% of products tested had contamination issues, in terms of DNA, chemical composition or both. 5% of the samples contained undeclared pharmaceuticals.
Increasing reports of adulteration with novel drug analogues led to the development of a high-throughput untargeted method for pharmacovigilance. Rapid direct sample analysis coupled to mass spectrometry was used to screen products, this time for hundreds of compounds in minutes with minimal sample preparation. The data correlated well with previous analyses, with the added benefit of detected additional compounds including phytochemicals and vitamins.
Finally, metabolomics was used to assess the compositional diversity of finished herbal products on the market and how they compare to standard reference materials. The analysis iii showed that, despite all products stating the same ingredients, there was a clear difference in biochemical profile between products and also the reference materials.
The combined techniques and analyses used in this project provide an audit and quality control toolkit which will allow for stronger regulation of CAM products. The data collected has shown that such regulation is needed to improve product quality and to protect consumer safety.
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Matni, Gisèle. "Speciation of selenium in food supplements." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40393.
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Selective isolation protocols of selenium (Se) species integrated to Se specific atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) detection were developed and optimized for Se speciation in food supplements, including selenized yeasts. By ultrafiltration, 69.18% of Se in the extract was found as a low molecular weight soluble form, the remaining 30.82% was bound to high molecular weight components. After a cation-exchange chromatography of the ultrafiltrate, 3.77% of the Se in the extract was found in the aqueous washings of the column indicating the presence of free inorganic anions of Se; the 65.41% of Se retained on the column corresponded to the free organic Se cations. The limit of detection for the HPLC-THG-AAS system was 1.85 ng of Se. Se was shown to be widely distributed over all the proteins with one sharp peak corresponding to the free forms of Se. Four major peaks were found at MW $>$ 250 000 Da (15.97% of Se recovered), between 102 330 and 117 490 Da (7.06%), between 48 977 and 53 703 Da (12.71%) and close to the dye migration band (17.25%).Selective isolation and HPLC-AAS protocols were also developed and optimized for the determination of free organic forms e.g. selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocystine (SeCystine) and inorganic forms of selenium in aqueous solutions, and in complex matrices such as nutritional supplements and mixtures of free amino acids. The selenoamino acid in alkaline solution was first derivatized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. After removal of excess of reagent by partitioning with diethyl ether, the N-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-derivatized selenoamino acid was acidified and extracted with diethyl ether. Inorganic Se(IV) was extracted from the acidic aqueous phases by complexation with 1,2-phenylenediamine, forming a piazselenol. Se derivatives were determined selectively by HPLC-THG-AAS. A selective chromatographic mechanism based on $ pi$-electron interactions was optimized using a silica stationary phase derivatized with p-nitrophenyl moieties. Co-injections of DNP-SeMet, DNP-SeCystine and piazselenol save retention times of 3.7, 4.0 and 4.9 min, respectively, using a methanolic mobile phase containing 1.5% triethylamine and 0.013M acetic acid. Primary analytical validation parameters including stability, linearity and limits of detection were obtained using purified DNP-SeMet, DNP-SeCystine and piazselenol standards which were characterized by $ sp1$H-, $ sp{13}$C- and $ sp{77}$Se-NMR analysis and/or fast atom bombardment MS techniques. The calibration graphs for sequential dilutions of these Se standards were linear and the limits of detection from the resultant calibration graphs were 17 ng, 0.21 ng and 18.53 ng of Se, respectively. The purified DNP-SeMet and DNP-SeCystine were found to be photosensitive. The recovery of SeMet, SeCystine and inorganic Se from the stock solutions and/or nutritional supplements was virtually quantitative. In the presence of a 500-fold excess of other amino acids, the recovery of SeMet and SeCystine (96.1 $ pm$ 3.9% and 98.08 $ pm$ 4.2%, respec
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Lomakina, Y. V. "Availability of melatonin and phytomelatonin supplements." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18509.
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Hovorkova, Zuzana. "Monitoring of patients prescribed potassium supplements." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389654.
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Monitoring of patients prescribed potassium supplements Zuzana Hovorkova Degree Project 30 hp, Pharmacotherapy Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences/Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy Supervisor: Linden Ashfield, Examiner: Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes Introduction: In Northern Ireland, clinical technicians have been supporting pharmacist in their work in over five decades. From initially having mainly administrative tasks, the role of pharmacy technicians has progressed to more clinical activities. Following recent incidents caused by inadequate monitoring of potassium blood levels it was suggested pharmacy technicians could be utilized to improve patient care. Aim: Aim of this project was to ensure the appropriate monitoring and compliance with treatment guidelines for patients prescribed potassium supplements by extending the role of pharmacy technicians at Antrim Area Hospital. Methods: Training for extending the roles of clinical technicians was developed, following the structure of a regional training programme. Literature search was made to find appropriate background about the subject of interest. Data about monitoring of potassium levels in the relevant patients was collected. Daily monitoring of these patients before and after the change was implemented were compared. Results: Clinical technicians contribution to monitoring of patients prescribed potassium replacement therapy improved guidelines compliance from 66.6 % to 90 % (x2-test, p = 0.028). Percentage of successful treatment raised from 66 % to 89.7 % (x2-test, p = 0.028). Conclusion: By extending roles of the clinical technicians, better and appropriate monitoring of patients prescribed potassium supplements can be reached. In future, roles of the pharmacy technicians could be extended further, thus releasing pharmacists time to expand their role, leading to a more cost- effective system and ensuring medicines optimization.
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Thu, Nguyen Van. "Urea-molasses based supplements for multipurpose buffaloes /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5796-3.pdf.
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Velzen, Susan van. "Supplements to the economics of household behavior." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/60858.
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Edel, Courtney, Janka Vanova, and Marion Slack. "Use of Dietary Supplements Among Pharmacy Students." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614106.
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Class of 2015 AbstractObjectives: To compare the use of herbal and dietary supplements amongst pharmacy students to the use in the general population; assess knowledge and attitudes toward the use, and perceived effectiveness of herbal and dietary supplements. Methods: Paper questionnaires that were administered to the first-, second- and third-year students collected data about the herbal and dietary supplement use, knowledge, students’ attitudes towards the use of herbal and dietary supplements, as well as information about demographics and students’ work experience. Overall use was compared to the 2007 National Health Interview survey findings. Results: From a total of 179 students who responded, 52% indicated that they had ever used at least one product, which was greater than the 25%-use reported in the general population. Almost half (46%) of students indicated they had used fish oil/omega-3; about 38% used one or more of the other listed products. Students had limited knowledge on the use of herbal and dietary supplements. The average score on the side effects and indicated uses of selected dietary supplements was 50%; however, the third-year students scored significantly higher than the first-year students (p < 0.001). Students rated dietary supplements as not essential for health, but thought that the education on dietary supplements was inadequate. Conclusions: About half (52%) of this sample of pharmacy students reported having ever used dietary supplements compared to only 25% of the general population. However, students seemed to have limited knowledge of dietary supplements and thought more education was needed.
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Younis, Islam Rasem. "Pharmaceutical quality performance of folic acid supplements." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3189.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 91 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).
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Messerer, Maria. "Dietary supplements : trends, demographics and mortality among users /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-106-7/.
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Syphard, James Eric. "Sports supplement database /." Link to this database on the INTERNET, 2003. http://sportsupplementdb.project.cisat.jmu.edu/.
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Peters, Emily Arth. "DIETETIC PRACTITIONERS’ KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIORS AND SELF-EFFICACY TOWARD DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354708713.
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Liu, Jianqing. "Pharmaceutical performance testing of commercially available calcium supplements." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4440.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 106 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lesser, Warren P. "Physician decision criteria regarding omega-3 dietary supplements." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3611495.
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American Heart Association officials and other expert cardiologists recommend omega-3 (n-3) dietary supplementation for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, a prevalent health problem in the United States. Physicians' lack of understanding of possible n-3 preventive health benefits results in underprescribing n-3 dietary supplements and lower n-3 dietary supplement product sales. N-3 dietary supplement marketers do not understand physician n-3 prescribing decision criteria enough to optimize high-impact communication to physicians to increase n-3 dietary supplement product use. The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to improve n-3 marketers' understanding of how physicians reach decisions to prescribe or recommend products including n-3 dietary supplements. Argyris' ladder of inference theory provided the study framework to facilitate understanding physicians' decision criteria. Rich data collected and analyzed from 20 primary care physician interviews in Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee revealed physicians use similar decision criteria for drugs and n-3s. Three essential influencers of physician decisions included clinical evidence, personal experience, and cost. Other influencers were opinions of peers, pharmaceutical representatives, samples, direct-to-consumer advertising, and knowledge of dietary supplements. Study outcomes may inform pharmaceutical marketers regarding presentation of clinical evidence, cost emphasis, and pharmaceutical representative skills and may facilitate competitive advantage for n-3 marketers. The social benefit of this study is improved physician understanding of n-3s may result in more accurate and appropriate prescribing to augment positive health outcomes.
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Strachan, Keri. "Current perceptions and usage practices of nutritional supplements." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2193.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to investigate current perceived role of nutritional supplements in adolescent (16-18 years) male rugby players and establish usage practices within Kwazulu Natal (KZN) schools. Methods The nutritional supplementation practices of 68 rugby players from 7 KZN secondary schools were surveyed using an anonymous paper-based questionnaire. The boys were asked to identify from a list (with Other as a selection) which supplement they used, the frequency of use, sources of supplement information and advice they base their choices on, where products were bought from, reasons for use, average monthly spend on buying these supplements, whether dietary changes were made in conjunction with taking a supplement and what was their understanding of the role of supplementation in achieving their performance goals. Results Sixty eight out of 236 invited participants completed the questionnaire. This translated into a response rate of 29%. Fifty four percent of participants admitted to using nutritional supplements, protein and creatine being the most popular products listed (43% and 22% of supplement users, respectively). Thirty five percent of supplement users supplemented daily and 24% supplemented 3-4 times per week. Friends were the most popular source of advice and information regarding nutritional supplements 32% (n=12), with supplement company representatives the next most commonly used source 22% (n=8). Seventy percent (n=26) of supplements are bought from a pharmacy, with an average monthly cost of R250, but ranging from R30 to as much as R1500 per month. Seventy percent (n=26) indicated that they also made dietary changes in addition to taking the nutritional supplement. These dietary changes included making healthier food choices 81% (n=21), increasing intake of protein foods 65% (n=17), planned snacks around exercise 35% (n=9), increasing carbohydrate-rich foods 62% (n=16), increasing fruit and vegetable intake 50% (n=13), and including snacks between meals 35% (n=9). The study participants rated practice sessions and weight training as most important in terms of helping them achieve their goals; diet, rest and supplements were similarly ranked as being between fairly to very important. Twenty two percent admitted that they would consider taking an illegal supplement if it would assist them in achieving their goals. Conclusions This study indicates that at least half of rugby-playing school boys (age 16-18 yrs) are making use of some form of supplementation, with protein and creatine supplementation being the most popular. The data indicate that rugby-playing school boys see their peers as a good source of information, and are willing to spend a large amount of money obtaining it (about R250 per month on average). This is concerning as peer pressure combined with lack of knowledge on nutritional supplement usage (and nutrition) can lead to widespread misuse of supplements, and potential detrimental side-effects in this young study population. However it highlights the value that school-level educational programmes (age and sport specific) can have in improving supplement usage practices and creating sound nutritional practices amongst this population, better equipping them at making informed decisions. In addition, educational programmes should be extended to other influential sources of information such as school coaches, teachers and parents.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om die huidige persepsie oor die waarde van voedingsupplemente en die gebruikspraktyke daarvan in 16 -18 jarige adolessente manlike atlete in Kwazulu Natal (KZN) skole te bepaal. Uitkomste van die studie was om die voorkoms en tipe supplemente wat gebruik word, redes aangevoer vir die gebruik daarvan, kennis oor die rol van supplemente asook die bron van inligting te bepaal. Metodes Die voedingsupplementasie praktyke van 68 rugby spelers uit 7 KZN sekondêre skole is ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van n annonieme vraelys (papier basis). Die seuns is gevra om van n lys (die opsie ander was ingesluit) te identifiseer watter supplement hulle gebruik, die frekwensie van gebruik, die bronne van inligting en raadgewing ontvang, waar die produk aangekoop is, redes vir gebruik, gemiddelde maandelikse kostes aangegaan en of dieetveranderinge tesame met die supplementasie aangegaan is. Kennis rondom die rol van supplementasie in prestasie doelwitte is getoets. Resultate: Agt-en-sestig uit n totaal van 236 deelnemers wat uitgenooi is om deel te neem aan die studie, het die vraelys voltooi. Dus het 29% van die studie-deelnemers het dus op die vraelys gereageer. Vier en vyftig persent van die deelnemers het erken dat hulle supplemente gebruik waarvan kreatien en proteïen gelys is as die mees gewildste produkte (onderskeidelik 43% en 22%). Vyf en dertig persent het daagliks supplemente gebruik en 24% het 3-4 keer per week supplemente gebruik. Vriende was die mees gewildste bron van raad en inligting (32%), gevolg deur supplement maatskappy verteenwoordigers (22%). Sewentig persent van supplemente word gekoop by n apteek en n gemiddelde maandelikse bedrag van R250 word gespandeer, maar dit wissel van R30 tot soveel as R1 500 per maand. Sewentig persent het erken dat hulle dieet veranderinge in hul dieet tesame met die supplementasie aanbring. Hierdie veranderinge het die volgende ingesluit: die keuse van gesonder voedselsoorte (81%); n verhoogde inname van proteïenryke voedselsoorte (65%); beplanning van peuselhappies rondom oefening (65%); verhoogde inname van koolhidraatryke voedsel (62%); meer vrugte en groente (50%) en die neem van peuselhappies tussen maaltye (35%). Die deelnemers het oefening met gewigte en oefensessies as die mees belangrike faktore geag om hul doelwitte te bereik. Dieet, rus en supplemente is daarnaas gelyk geag as redelik belangrik en 22% het erken dat hulle n verbode middel sal gebruik indien dit hulle sal help om hulle doelwitte te bereik. Gevolgtrekkings Die studie wys dat ten minste die helfte van skoolseuns wat rugby speel (16-18 jr) een of ander vorm van supplementasie gebruik, waarvan proteïen en kreatien die mees gewildste is. Die data dui daarop dat skoolseuns wat rugby speel hul tydgenote ag as n goeie bron van inligting oor supplement gebruik en dat hulle bereid is om groot bedrae geld te spandeer om die supplemente te bekom (gemiddeld R250,00 per maand). Dit is kommerwekkend aangesien groepsdruk tesame met n gebrek aan kennis oor supplementasie (en voeding) kan lei tot algemene misbruik van supplemente en moontlike newe effekte in hierdie jong studie populasie. Dit beklemtoon egter ook die waarde wat skool gebasseerde opvoedingsprogramme kan hê om die bewustheid en kennis oor supplement gebruik in hierdie populasie te verbeter om hul in staat te stel om ingeligte besluite te neem. Dit moet ouderdom -en sportspesifieke voedingsonderrig insluit. Opvoedingsprogramme moet ook uitgebrei word na ander partye wat invloedryke bronne van inligting is soos skool afrigters, onderwysers en ouers.
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Dias, Carla Antónia Teixeira. "Nutritional supplements: knowledge and behaviors of portuguese athletes." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5844.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoIntroduction: Supplementation is a practice that has gained popularity among athletes, especially in elite individuals, related with increased physical demands. Several are the reasons for taking nutritional supplements, related to health or sports performance. Objective: To assess the prevalence of nutritional supplements in athletes, including: the type of supplements use, sources of information and main reasons for their usage. Methods: Ninety two athletes (n=92) (41.3% female and 58.7% male) of five different sports participated voluntarily. A thirty-one questionnaire was used characterizing the prevalence of supplement use, sources of information and the main reasons for consumption. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 22 for Windows. Mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. T-tests and Chi-square were applied and the significant level used was 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Only 24 athletes (26.1%) consumed nutritional supplements with a mean of 3 supplements per athletes. Multivitaminics/minerals and protein supplements were the most used (50.0%) and significant associations were found between protein usage and age, gender and education. The main reasons for taking supplements were related to sports performance and the principal source of information was the physician (45.8%) followed by him/herself (20.8%). Twelve significant associations were found between the most consumed supplements and the reasons for taking. The presence of a healthy diet (60.3%) was the main reason for not taking supplements. Conclusion: Few athletes in this study used supplements, and the level of competition can be one of the factors for this result. Errors were found liking the reasons and the type of supplement, which can be related with the adviser. This error shows the necessity for education about this theme at all the engaging parts around the athletes’ life.
Introdução: A toma de suplementos é uma prática que cada vez mais ganha popularidade entre os atletas, principalmente em atletas de elite, estando relacionado com o aumento das exigências físicas. São várias as razões da toma de suplementos, quer a nível da saúde, quer a nível do desempenho desportivo e esta prática muitas vezes é guiada por fontes não credíveis. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de suplementos em atletas incluindo o tipo de suplementos consumidos, as fontes de informação e as rasões para a sua toma. Métodos: Noventa e dois atletas (41,3% do sexo feminino e 58,7% do sexo masculino) de cinco modalidades diferentes participaram voluntariamente. Foi utilizado um questionário com trinta e uma questões caracterizando a prevalência do uso de suplementos, as fontes de informação e as principais razões para o consumo. Os dados recolhidos foram analisados através do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) versão 22 para o Windows. Para as variáveis contínuas foi calculada a média e o desvio padrão e percentagens para as variáveis categóricas. Teste t-student foi aplicado nas variáveis contínuas e o de qui-quadrado para as categóricas e foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Apenas 24 atletas (26,1%) consumiam suplementos, com uma média de três suplementos por atleta. Os suplementos mais consumidos foram os multivitamínicos/minerais e os suplementos de proteína (50%) e foram encontradas associações significativas entre o consumo de proteína e a idade, sexo e escolaridade. As razões mais citadas estavam relacionadas com o desempenho desportivo, e a principal fonte de informação foi o médico (45,8%) seguido pelo próprio (20.8%). Foram encontradas doze associações significativas entre os suplementos mais consumidos e as razões para o seu consumo. A presença de uma alimentação saudável (60,3%) foi o principal motivo para o não consumo de suplementos. Conclusão: Foram poucos os atletas da amostra que tomavam suplementos, sendo o nível de competição um dos possíveis fatores para esta prevalência. Foram encontrados erros de concordância entre o consumo de suplementos e a razão para a sua toma, podendo estar relacionado com a sua fonte de informação. Estes erros demonstram a necessidade de educação acerca este tema a todas as partes envolventes na vida desportiva do atleta.
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Bossaer, John B. "Addressing Potential Interactions Between Antineoplastics and Dietary Supplements." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp140295.
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Yoo, Harrison, Amanda Teague, and Charles C. Collins. "DISSOLUTION ANALYSIS OF OTC COENZYME Q10 DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/28.
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Introduction: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble substance (ubiquinone) which has a bright orange color in appearance and is widely distributed (ubiquitous) in animals and many bacteria. CoQ10’s presence is most prevalent in mitochondria and it is involved in aerobic cellular respiration and aides in converting ingested nutrients into a readily accessible form of energy, specifically ATP (adenosine triphosphate). CoQ10 is supplied through our diets and can be found more in dark leafy green vegetables, fish and organ meats. CoQ10 supplementation should be beneficial due to its characteristic antioxidant scavenging of free radicals that our body produces while in the cellular respiration process for generating energy from nutrients. Although CoQ10 has great antioxidant benefit, a challenge remains for supplement manufacturers to deliver a sufficient does of this sparingly soluble molecule. Dietary supplements do not have the significant FDA oversight that exists for legend drugs, resulting in significant variability within and between brands. The main hypothesis of this project is that commercially available CoQ10 supplements don’t deliver a sufficient mass of CoQ10 when compared to the labelled quantity. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the group purchased and tested 14 commercially available CoQ10 supplements with each serving containing 100 mg of active, choosing a variety of drug delivery systems (DDS) and also included one in-house product, which contained 70 mg of active. The DDSs examined consisted of 7 soft shell gelatin (SSG) capsules (the most common type available), 3 hard shell gelatin (HSG) capsules, 3 tablets (tab), 1 powder, and 1 suspension. Each DDS was placed into a 500 mL volumetric flask (VF) into an aqueous of 0.1 N HCl acid and 0.1% Tween 80, using a standard FDA dissolution method. To facilitate drug release, the contents were removed from the HSG capsules; the SSG capsules were perforated; and the tabs were broken/crushed. After this, a magnetic stir bar was placed into each flask and all DDS samples were vigorously stirred for 30-45 minutes, including being inverted every 10 minutes to further facilitate dissolution of CoQ10 from each DDS. Filtered samples were obtained and the samples were analyzed by a reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography that was previously developed by this research group. Results and Conclusions: Only two of the 15 products evaluated had significant availability (mean > 50%) of CoQ10; one soft gelatin capsule (Product A, dissolved a mean of 68.57%), and the suspension (Product K, dissolved a mean of 56.71%). All of the other products averaged less than 4% dissolution of the labelled amount (range of values 0.19% to 3.64%). The in-house formulated HSG capsule (Product Q) released a mean amount equal to 8.11% of label (more than twice the percentage of the poorly performing commercial products). The consistency of the products was also variable, with product A having a range of 1.7 to 192 mg of CoQ10 released; Product K had a range of 35.8 to 76.1 mg of drug released. The group concluded that there are acceptable products available, but that most have significant performance issues.
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Lesser, Warren P. "Physician decision criteria regarding omega-3 dietary supplements." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1113.
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American Heart Association officials and other expert cardiologists recommend omega-3 (n-3) dietary supplementation for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, a prevalent health problem in the United States. Physicians' lack of understanding of possible n-3 preventive health benefits results in underprescribing n-3 dietary supplements and lower n-3 dietary supplement product sales. N-3 dietary supplement marketers do not understand physician n-3 prescribing decision criteria enough to optimize high-impact communication to physicians to increase n-3 dietary supplement product use. The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to improve n-3 marketers' understanding of how physicians reach decisions to prescribe or recommend products including n-3 dietary supplements. Argyris' ladder of inference theory provided the study framework to facilitate understanding physicians' decision criteria. Rich data collected and analyzed from 20 primary care physician interviews in Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee revealed physicians use similar decision criteria for drugs and n-3s. Three essential influencers of physician decisions included clinical evidence, personal experience, and cost. Other influencers were opinions of peers, pharmaceutical representatives, samples, direct-to-consumer advertising, and knowledge of dietary supplements. Study outcomes may inform pharmaceutical marketers regarding presentation of clinical evidence, cost emphasis, and pharmaceutical representative skills and may facilitate competitive advantage for n-3 marketers. The social benefit of this study is improved physician understanding of n-3s may result in more accurate and appropriate prescribing to augment positive health outcomes.
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Swenson-Ralph, Amy. "Prevalence of nonvitamin, nonmineral supplement usage among undergraduate students at the University of Wisconsin-Stout." Online version, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004ralpha.pdf.
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Low, Roland Kai-Chong. "The evaluation of protein supplements for the growing chick." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27133.
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The nutritive values of hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) and blood meal (BM), supplied by a commercial rendering company, were evaluated using broiler-type growing chicks. The sample of HFM (89% crude protein), which was processed at 2.81kg/cm² of steam pressure for 40 minutes with continuous agitation, contains 1.4, 1.5 and 3.2% available histidine, lysine and cystine, respectively, and is well utilized by the growing chick. With methionine and lysine supplementation, up to 37% of the dietary protein could be supplied by HFM in chick starter rations. On the other hand, a crude protein content of 95% was obtained from the BM sample processed at 190°C for five minutes at a pressure of 1.41kg/cm². Even though BM contains 8.1 and 10.7% of available lysine and leucine, respectively, it is not efficiently utilized by broiler chicks. With arginine, isoleucine, methionine and cystine supplementation, only 17% of the dietary protein could be supplied by BM in chick starter rations. A combination of 2.5% BM and 7.5% HFM was satisfactory for chicks at the starting phase.
The results indicated a possible relationship between protein source and dietary protein concentration on amino acid availability (AAA). However, no valid conclusion could be drawn from the present investigation, since there were no consistent trends on the AAA with different dietary protein concentrations. Regression equations, established from the relationships between alpha-cellulose intakes and amino acid excretions, were reliable for the corrections of metabolic and endogenous amino acids in the AAA assay. This should provide a basis for future studies involved in the development of a universal method for the estimation of endogenous amino acids in the growing chick that will save tedious labor, time and expense. Finally, an eight-hour fecal collection period, with the regression endogenous correction method, was sufficient for the calibration of AAA for HFM and soybean meal.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Houseman, Lyndsey Moira. "Flavin-containing monooxygenases : regulation, endogenous roles and dietary supplements." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1443965/.
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To investigate the regulation of flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FM05) by xenobiotics in mouse liver, a method for isolating primary mouse hepatocytes was designed. Fmo5 expression was up-regulated by hormones (estradiol, progesterone), dietary supplements (lipoic acid) and other xenobiotics (rifampicin, ethanol) in primary mouse hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. Gene reporter assays showed that Fmo5 expression in HepG2 cells is mediated by pregnane-x-receptor (PXR) ligands. To uncover more about the endogenous role of FMOs, two knockout mouse models, Fmol, 2, 4 (-/-) and Fmo5 (-/-), were studied. Fmol, 2, 4 (-/-) males weighed less and had less gonadal fat than their wild-type counterparts. The bodyweight of the Fmol, 2, 4 (-/-) females was greater than that of the wild-type females. Histology shows that the adipocytes in the Fmol, 2, 4 (-/-) male mice are 50% smaller than wild-type male adipocytes, and the liver histology shows the Fmol, 2, 4 (-/-) males had less fat in the liver compared to wild-type males. Fmol, 2, 4 (-/-) mice had higher plasma total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol than the wild-type mice. On a high-fat diet, the male Fmol, 2, 4 (-/- ) mice gain weight and gonadal fat weight. The Fmo5 (-/-) mice have a similar bodyweight and fat weight to the wild-type animals, but Fmo5 (-/-) mice have lower plasma HDL cholesterol and lower plasma iron than WT mice. The results therefore show that a deficiency in FMOs interferes with endogenous fat metabolism. Lipoic acid is an endogenous substrate of FMOl, so to see if the inability to metabolise lipoic acid is the reason for the lower bodyweight and fat weight in Fmol, 2, 4 (-/-) males, the mice were fed a 0.1% lipoic acid diet. All knock-out and wild-type mice lose a similar amount of weight. This implies that the metabolism of lipoic acid is not the fundamental endogenous role of FMOs.
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Ferreiro, Gutierrez H. M. "Forages as supplements for molasses based diets in cattle." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370871.
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Marques, João Nuno Alves do Vale. "Health and career risks surrounding consumption of dietary supplements." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9335.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Ciências da NutriçãoObjetivos: Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar a existência de substâncias dopantes ou quantidades perigosas de qualquer outro componente, no rótulo dos suplementos alimentares em questão, e fazer uma declaração sobre possíveis implicações de carreira ou saúde para o consumidor. Metodologia: Várias marcas que possuíam os suplementos divididos em pré-workout e pós-workout foram analisadas, tendo sido selecionados 40 suplementos alimentares com todos os constituintes descritos. Foi realizada uma análise detalhada dos constituintes dos suplementos alimentares baseando-se exclusivamente na descrição dos mesmos da marca Resultados: Relativamente à cafeína, o grupo pré-workout demonstrou uma maior média (241±86 mg) do que o grupo pós-workout (183±68 mg), e a dose média mínima foi 226±84 mg enquanto que a dose média máxima foi 242±88 mg. Relativamente à creatina, o grupo pré-workout demonstrou uma menor média (3106±1079 mg) do que o grupo pós-workout (4137±4177 mg), e a dose média mínima foi 3167±1728 mg enquanto que a dose média máxima foi 3917±3643 mg. Quanto ao conteúdo em sal, o grupo pós-workout demonstrou maior média (2155±4486 mg) do que o grupo pré-workout (464±605 mg) e a dose média mínima foi 1635±3930 mg enquanto que a dose média máxima foi 1708± 3926 mg. Extratos de Citrus aurantium, Yohimbe, Garcinia cambogia e raiz de Maca foram também encontrados em alguns suplementos. Conclusões: Vários suplementos alimentares continham ingredientes pouco estudados que quando consumidos em conjunto poderiam causar problemas de saúde graves. Apesar de algumas doses de alguns ingredientes não serem preocupantes, as recomendações de consumo no rótulo poderão conduzir em sobredose. Existe uma grande necessidade de um maior controlo e regulamentações mais estritas para produtores de suplementos alimentares.
Aims: This article aims to find out if there are any doping substances, or dangerous amounts of any other component, stated on the labels of the analyzed dietary supplements, while also making a statement regarding possible career and health implications towards the consumer. Methodology: Several brands which possessed its supplements sorted in pre-workout and post-workout were analyzed, having been selected 40 dietary supplements with all of their ingredients described. Further analysis of the dietary supplements was made, based exclusively on each brands description of their supplement. Results: Regarding caffeine, the pre-workout group displayed higher mean caffeine (241±86 mg) than the post-workout group (183±68 mg), and the minimal mean dose was 226±84 mg meanwhile the maximal mean dose was 242±88 mg. Concerning creatine, the pre-workout group displayed lower mean creatine (3106±1079 mg) than the post-workout group (4137±4177 mg), and the minimal mean dose was 3167±1728 mg meanwhile the maximal mean dose was 3917±3643 mg. As for the salt content, the post-workout group displayed a much higher mean salt (2155±4486 mg) than the pre-workout group (464±605 mg) and the minimal mean dose was 1635±3930 mg meanwhile the maximal mean dose was 1708±3926 mg. Citrus aurantium extract, Yohimbe extract, Garcinia cambogia extract and Maca root extract were also found in some of the analyzed dietary supplements. Conclusions: Several dietary supplements had untested ingredients that when paired up could cause severe health issues. Although some ingredient doses were not concerning, consumption recommendations in the label could lead to dosage abuse. There is need for tighter control and regulations for dietary supplement producers.
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Greenhill, Nikita. "Evaluation of probiotics as feed supplements for ostrich chicks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10521.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-130).Production in farming of ostriches (Struthio camelus) is limited by the high mortality rate of ostrich chicks. Chicks which lack a well established microbiota are more susceptible to potentially fatal pathogenic infections. Therefore, the mortality rate may be decreased by establishing the correct gut microbiota by the use of ostrich specific probiotic strains. Five selected strains were conclusively identified and their mucin adhesion abilities characterised: Strain P1.2 was identified as Enterococcus faecalis; the identity of strain 5934.3.1 was confirmed to be Lactobacillus oris; Strains Lactobacillus brevis 512.3.1 and Lactobacillus oris 5934.3.1. The five selected strains were included in an in vivo probiotic feeding trial, where ostriches were treated with an encapsulated mixture of the five strains and/or the antibiotic tylosin.
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Hill, McKel Dawn. "DIETETIC PRACTITIONERS’ KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIORS, AND PRACTICES REGARDING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306873922.
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Homan, Elyse M. "Dietary Supplements and College Students: Use, Knowledge, and Perception." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532083809853366.
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Dudley, Steven, Eric Hudson, and Amy Kennedy. "Safety and Efficacy of Commercially Available Pre-Workout Supplements." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614120.
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Class of 2015 AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this review was to determine the safety of various pre-workout supplements that utilize proprietary blends in comparison with some of the most common individual ingredients; caffeine, creatine, and B-alanine. We hypothesized that there will be a greater number of adverse events reported for proprietary products than for the individual active ingredients. Additionally, we also wanted to look at the efficacy of the same aforementioned products. We hypothesized that there would be no statistically significant differences in performance between the two arms. Methods: Four databases were searched for subjects that were 18-35 years of age that were already physically active. The number of participants included in each trial ranged from 6 to 98. Results: Caffeine was the only individual compound that affected health markers, increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P<0.05), and HR in 2 of the 3 studies (P<0.05) significantly. Both caffeine and creatine showed a benefit in maximal exertion, but only caffeine improved endurance at doses of 3mg/kg (P<0.05). Proprietary blends did not show a benefit, but serious adverse events such as liver failure were reported. Conclusions: Individually caffeine, creatine, and B-alanine all look to be safe at the recommended doses in healthy and active individuals, with caffeine and creatine benefitting performance. Pre-workout blends should be safe in theory, but due to the unregulated nature of the supplement industry there are a number of serious adverse events that occur. Untested amphetamine-like compounds seem to be the most common addition, with contamination of other ingredients such as anti-depressants occurring as well.
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Nolton, Marnie Anne. "A genealogy of monotheism: Of secrets, substitutes and supplements." Thesis, Nolton, Marnie Anne ORCID: 0000-0002-9375-1123 (2019) A genealogy of monotheism: Of secrets, substitutes and supplements. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52175/.
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Jacques Derrida has noted of God that “God contradicts himself already ... only that which is written gives … [God] … existence by naming … [God]. It is simultaneously true that things come into existence and lose existence by being named” (Derrida 1978a: 70). Naming God can lose God. This is a significant insight for examinations of monotheism, drawing attention to its irrecusable contradictions, paradoxes and constitutive aporias. The significance of this insight is heightened when a second recognition is made regarding monotheism’s own discursive practices of exclusion and displacement, practices that are conventionally based on and legitimated by a narrative of presence. Together these points act to frame this dissertation insofar as they open the question as to their possible reconciliation.
In this dissertation, then, I argue that Derrida’s deconstructive notion of supplementarity can support a genealogical analysis of this problematic informing traditional conceptions of God as the One and Only. God and monotheism – as I will demonstrate – are irrecusably haunted by their supplementarity. Hence, in this dissertation, via a genealogical analysis and close textual readings, I trace the supplementarity already present in the Hebrew Bible as well as in the theo-political, historical, theological and philosophical discourses that underpin and comprise the problematic of monotheism. Following Foucault’s and Derrida’s insights that analysis also facilitates a rethinking or an experiment, I conclude this work by sketching the outlines toward what could be called a deconstructed ethical monotheism. I name this thinking stance towards reconciliation of a One and Only thinking – a return to exile.
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Hobbs, Ryan. "The effects of a multiple step antioxidant nutritional supplementation protocol on high-intensity cycling performance." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10054.
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Johnson, Michelle E. "Feeding Environment Supplements to Nutrition and Wellness Tips for Young Children: Supplement C: Creating a Positive Meal Environment and Encouraging Healthful Foods." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8559.
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Bumpus, Emalee Kate. "Influence of acetogenic versus propiogenic supplements on adipose tissue accretion in stocker steers grazing ryegrass pasture." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3729.
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Fifty-eight high grade Bonsmara steers were used to evaluate effects of high-fiber versus high-starch pasture supplements on subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissue accretion during growing and finishing phases. Cattle were stratified by body weight (BW), randomly assigned to one of three treatments, and placed on irrigated ryegrass pastures. Treatments were 1) no supplement (NC); 2) commercially available, pelleted high roughage (HR) supplement, designed to promote higher acetate fermentation, fed at 1.36 kg/hd (as-fed) 6 d/wk; or 3) corn-based high starch (HS) supplement, designed to promote higher propionate fermentation, fed at the same rate and frequency as HR. Throughout growing (140 d) and finishing (119 d) phases, full BW was measured every 28 d. Ultrasound ribeye area (REA), percent i.m. fat (IMF), and 12th rib fat thickness (BF) were measured on d -15, 56, 112, 182, and 231. Mixed model repeated measures analysis was performed on growth performance and ultrasound data. All responses increased over time (P < 0.01). Treatment by time interaction (P = 0.05) for BW was due to treatment rank changes among days; within day separations were minimal. Neither treatment nor interaction affected (P > 0.20) IMF, but treatment influenced ultrasound REA (P = 0.05); HS-fed steers had larger REA than HR-fed steers; NC steers were intermediate. Treatment effects on REA with similar IMF suggest that HS-fed steers accreted a greater total amount of i.m. fat. One-way structure analysis of carcass data was performed. Treatment did not affect hot carcass weight (HCW), carcass REA, or carcass fat thickness (FAT) (P > 0.48), but tended (P = 0.15) to affect marbling score (MARB). Supplemented cattle tended to have greater MARB than non-supplemented steers, and MARB was greater for HS-fed steers than that of HR-fed steers. The relationship between carcass REA and MARB is consistent with the relationship observed between ultrasound REA and IMF. These observations suggest that source of energy supplementation partitioned nutrients during the growing phase to favor i.m. fat accretion.
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Vargas-Rodriguez, Claudio Fabian. "Effect of dietary fatty acids and other nutritional supplements on biological processes in dairy cows." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32800.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Barry J. Bradford
The ability of nutritional supplements to generate responses in productive animals at different physiological stages, and their interaction with the particular gastrointestinal tract of ruminants have created the necessity to explore effects beyond productivity. Modulation of immune function and inflammatory processes, modifications of nutrient metabolism, and interactions with the ruminal microbial population are effects attributed to supplements that encouraged the formulation of the set of experiments described in this dissertation. The first experiment was designed to test the effects of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids supplemented in milk replacer for Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period on the immune system, lipid and glucose metabolism, and growth performance when animals underwent a vaccination protocol. Neither supplemental fatty acid source affected productivity, cytokine production, antibody production, or CD4 and CD8 cell proliferation. A treatment effect on glucose and NEFA plasma concentration was observed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly DHA, lowered glucose and NEFA levels compared to control; moreover, a dose effect was observed indicating that increasing amounts of PUFA decreased plasma glucose level. The second experiment tested the effects of Co carbonate (CoCarb) and Co glucoheptonate (CoGH) at different concentrations of Co on in vitro fermentation rate, fermentation end-products, and DM and NDF disappearance. Dry matter and NDF disappearance increased with CoGH relative to CoCarb at 1.0 ppm Co or less. CoCarb at > 3.0 ppm appeared to stimulate the biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids whereas CoGH had limited effects on this process. Finally, the third study evaluated responses to chromium propionate during peak lactation and interactions between chromium and rumen-protected lysine and methionine. Chromium propionate increased feed intake and tended to increase energy-corrected milk yield. Primiparous cows showed greater responses in feed intake and milk protein yield than multiparous cows. In this study, feeding chromium propionate near peak lactation increased feed intake and tended to increase productivity but no benefits of supplementing rumen-protected lysine and methionine were observed. Overall, nutritional supplements helped to regulate different biological functions in ruminants; their utilization is not always is feasible, but the results of these experiments provide guidance about effectiveness during different physiological situations.
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Gilbert, Kimberlee Danielle. "Interactions between herbal supplements and warfarin: a patient teaching tool." Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/gilbert/GilbertK0512.pdf.
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Many Americans are using herbal supplements without telling their primary care providers. When a person is taking warfarin, a medication that has a narrow therapeutic window and the potential for interaction with many substances, including food, medications, and supplements, providers must inform them of the risks. A literature review was done to find current literature related to warfarin and herbal interactions. Limited quality data is available, with most literature found being case reports, and small population studies. A patient teaching pamphlet was created and tested using a pre-test/posttest in a convenience sample of 18 patients that use warfarin at an internal medicine clinic in Northern Wyoming. The results showed improvement in posttest scores in 17 of 18 participants. Mean improvement was 10.9%. Providers should include herbal supplements in routine medication history. Providers should teach all patients using warfarin about potential interactions with herbal supplements and about the need to inform their provider about supplements. Lack of standardization of herbal supplements makes it difficult to research the risks and benefits as well as potential interactions. More research is needed to determine risks.
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Ilsley, Siân Elizabeth. "Plant extracts as dietary supplements for reproductive sows and piglets." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411302.
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Muhamad, Ayu S. "Effects of nutritional supplements on the immune function of athletes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11990.
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Prolonged exercise has been associated with depressed immune function, and hence an increased risk of infection. However, several nutritional supplements may reduce or overcome this problem. Thus, the aims of this thesis were to investigate the effects of some nutritional supplements on athletes immune function. In study 1 (Chapter 3), effects of several vaccine stimulant dose on whole blood culture cytokine production was carried out to determine effective vaccine stimulant dose; which was found to be between a dilution of 4000 (dose 4) and 1000 (dose 6) of the original vaccine. This finding was used for the other studies (Chapter 4 and 5). In addition, the relationship between data obtained from Evidence Investigator analyser and enzyme linked-immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for IL-10 was analysed and the results show a positive strong correlation between them. In study 2 (Chapter 4), in vitro effects of various immunomodulatory nutritional compounds on antigen-stimulated whole blood culture cytokine production was investigated and it was found that caffeine and quercetin showed tendency towards decrease cytokine production as the doses were increased. On the other hand, an upward trend was evident with kaloba, where high dose of kaloba seemed to increase the cytokine production. Since kaloba appeared to act as an immunostimulant in vitro, its effects on the immune response to prolonged exercise were examined in study 3 (Chapter 5). However, 7 days kaloba supplementation (20 mg of the root extract) did not alter athletes immune response although prolonged moderate intensity exercise significantly decreased S-IgA secretion rate and concentration post-exercise with the values returning to baseline by 1 h post-exercise. A 14-strain probiotic supplement effects on salivary antimicrobial proteins at rest and in response to an acute bout of prolonged exercise was investigated in study 4 (Chapter 6). Unfortunately, 30 days supplementation of the 14-strain probiotic appeared not enough to induce any significant effects on salivary antimicrobial proteins. Lastly, in study 5 (Chapter 7), the effects of a Lactobacillus probiotic on healthy people, who tend to have a higher than normal incidence of infection due to exercise stress-induced immune impairment was studied. In summary, this 16-week intervention study on 267 athletes found that regular ingestion of the probiotic reduced the extent to which training was negatively affected in endurance athletes when infection was present, and increased both S-IgA concentration and secretion rate over time. But it did not appear to reduce URTI incidence or the duration and severity of URTI episodes. Two major confounding factors, namely the unexpectedly low incidence of URTI during the winter period and the lower baseline S-IgA in the probiotic group may have prevented potential beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation from being identified.
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Pittler, M. H. "Effectiveness & safety of food supplements for reducing body weight." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701068.
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Liu, Xiaoqian. "Evidence based use of dietary supplements for symptomatic hand osteoarthritis." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23965.
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Around 10% of adults have hand osteoarthritis causing socioeconomic burden worldwide. The lack of effective treatment options is a challenge for both physicians and patients. Beliefs in the efficacy and safety of nutritional products coupled with an aversion to traditional medications have prompted some people with OA to turn to complementary medicines. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that dietary supplements demonstrated a moderate effect in reducing pain or improving disability at short-term (≤3 months) for treating osteoarthritis. Four supplements including boswellia serrata extract, curcumin, and pycnogenol (pine bark extract) and methylsulfonylmethane were identified as the most effective supplements for symptomatic relief in OA and can be conditionally recommended to people who desire to trial them for a short period of time (4 to 6 weeks) and then cease if there are no obvious benefits. We hypothesized that combining supplements with similar pharmacological effects, that acted on different mechanistic pathways, would afford larger cumulative effects. To test this hypothesis, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay to simultaneous detect multiple active constituents of these supplements prior to testing this combination on patients. The pharmacokinetic study on healthy volunteers suggested no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of the constituents were found when administered as a combination, relative to the constituents when administered alone. Once assured by the safety of this combination, we designed and conducted an internet-based, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (the RADIANT study) to determine the efficacy and safety of this combination in people with symptomatic HOA. We found that there was no significant difference between the supplement combination and placebo in improving hand pain in people with symptomatic HOA over 12 weeks.
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Butler, Erick Benjamin. "Biological treatment of dietary supplement wastewater." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1264479316.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Cleveland State University, 2009.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-89). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
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Dixon, Anna R. "Health and wealth dietary supplements, network marketing and the commodification of health /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765033321&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233358954&clientId=23440.
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Borg, Amanda, and Nicki Rönnbom. "Does my self-image do the purchasing for me? : A thematic analysis on millennial women's attitudes towards sports supplements and their willingness to purchase based on packaging design." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104142.
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The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of Swedish female millennials attitudes towards sports supplements. As well as how packaging design influences their willingness to purchase within this product category. Based on this, two main research questions were formulated: (1) What are millennial women's attitudes towards sports supplements? And (2) How does packaging design influence female millennials willingness to purchase sports supplements? In order to answer these questions, a qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 26 Swedish millennial females. The empirical findings from these interviews were then transcribed and analyzed in relation to the theories found in the literature review. The conclusions of this thesis shows that female millennials have positive attitudes towards sports supplements, however it was found that a positive attitude is not sufficient to generate a purchase. Additionally, it was concluded that packaging design influences this population greatly. Although the researched population were not aware of how much they in fact were influenced and a conflict between conscious influence and unconscious influence was identified.
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Lu, Wen An. "Analysis of athletes' nutritional supplements for their content of IOC-banned anabolic agents and evaluation of the supplements' effect upon exercise endurance and urinary steroid profiles." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271388.
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Kerksick, Chad M. Willoughby Darryn Scott. "Effects of prophylactic supplementation of N-acetyl-cysteine and epigallocatechin gallate on markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis after eccentric contraction-induced injury in untrained males." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4881.
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Chihora, Remigio M. "The efficacy of protected amino acids." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333279.
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Foster, Charlotte Victoria Louise. "Aspects of carnitine metabolism and function in the horse." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328499.
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