Academic literature on the topic 'Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)":
1
Salvo, M., S. Rizzo, M. Caldirola, G. Novajra, F. Canonico, M. Bianchi, and M. Ferraris. "Biomass ash as supplementary cementitious material (SCM)." Advances in Applied Ceramics 114, sup1 (July 10, 2015): S3—S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743676115y.0000000043.
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Prošek, Zdeněk, Vladimír Hrbek, Petr Bílý, and Lukáš Vráblík. "Homogenization Procedure Effect on Microscopical Performance of Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Materials Science Forum 995 (June 2020): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.995.168.
Abstract:
The advantages of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) use in concrete, such as reduced cement consumption and overall material improvement (durability, chemical resistance, etc.), are widely known. Our research focuses on two major factors connected to high performance concrete (HPC) containing SCM, the content of selected SCM and the homogenization process used for concrete mixture. Both of these aspects of this research were addressed by the authors from macro-level of the material. In this contribution, the focus is directed on microscopical performance of concrete mixtures with highest macro-mechanical features with respect to both homogenization procedure and SCM containment.
3
Xu, Xiaochuan, Fengdan Wang, Xiaowei Gu, and Yunqi Zhao. "Mechanism of Different Mechanically Activated Procedures on the Pozzolanic Reactivity of Binary Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Minerals 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111365.
Abstract:
In this study, a type of fly ash and iron tailing powder were used as a binary supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and two different mechanically activated procedures, named coalescent activation and separated activation, were carried out to improve the pozzolanic reactivity. Then, three binary supplementary cementitious materials were used to replace 30 wt% of ordinary Portland cement to develop cemented mortars, and the compressive strength, hydration products, and micro-structure were studied. The experimental results indicated that the activated supplementary cementitious materials increased the compressive strengths of the mortars by 5.4% and 13.2%, negligibly changed the hydration product types, and impacted the quantity only. The application of SCMs also prolonged the setting time and decreased the hydration rate, profiting the application. Simultaneously, the micro-pore structure was ameliorated, and the porosity decreased. Therefore, comprehensively considering the improved mechanical behavior and inexpensive cost, the activated binary SCM can be considered an ecological and economical admixture, especially for the coalescent activation procedure.
4
Si, Xiuyong, and Huimin Pan. "Effects of supplementary cementitious material(SCM) on carbonation resistance of concrete." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 7, no. 1 (August 14, 2023): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.7.1.313.2023.
Abstract:
Using fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as representatives of supplementary cementitious material (SCM), the effects of the amount and combination of SCM addition on the carbonation resistance of concrete were systematically analyzed through rapid carbonation tests. Combined with XRD chemical analysis and DSC-TG thermogravimetric analysis, the influence mechanism of SCM on the carbonation resistance of concrete was discussed. The research results indicate that the addition of SCM increases the carbonation depth of concrete.
When the single addition of FA exceeds 40%, the carbonation depth of concrete increases very quickly. Under the premise of the same total addition amount, the carbonation resistance performance of the composite FA and GGBS groups of concrete is better than that of the single FA group. Among the different combinations of FA and GGBS, the concrete with S95 grade GGBS+ grade I FA has the best carbonation resistance. The impact of FA on the carbonation resistance of concrete is manifested as a positive and negative effect.
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Borosnyói, Adorján, Patricija Kara, Lilla Mlinárik, and Karina Kase. "Performance of waste glass powder (WGP) supplementary cementitious material (SCM) – Workability and compressive strength." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 65, no. 3 (2013): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2013.17.
6
Snellings, Ruben. "Assessing, Understanding and Unlocking Supplementary Cementitious Materials." RILEM Technical Letters 1 (August 16, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.12.
Abstract:
The partial replacement of Portland clinker by supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is one of the most popular and effective measures to reduce both costs and CO2 emissions related to cement production. An estimated 800 Mt/y of blast furnace slags, fly ashes and other materials are currently being used as SCM, but still the cement industry accounts for 5-8% of global CO2 emissions. If no further actions are taken, by the year 2050 this share might even rise beyond 25%. There is thus a clear challenge as to how emissions will be kept at bay and sustainability targets set by international commitments and policy documents will be met.Part of the solution will be a further roll-out of blended cements in which SCMs constitute the main part of the binder to which activators such as Portland cement are added. Since supply concerns are being raised for conventional high-quality SCMs it is clear that new materials and beneficiation technologies will need to step in to achieve further progress. This paper presents opportunities and challenges for new SCMs and demonstrates how advances towards more powerful and reliable characterisation techniques help to better understand and exploit SCM reactivity.
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Quercia, G., J. J. G. van der Putten, G. Hüsken, and H. J. H. Brouwers. "Photovoltaic's silica-rich waste sludge as supplementary cementitious material (SCM)." Cement and Concrete Research 54 (December 2013): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.08.010.
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Thapa, Vishojit Bahadur, Danièle Waldmann, and Claude Simon. "Gravel wash mud, a quarry waste material as supplementary cementitious material (SCM)." Cement and Concrete Research 124 (October 2019): 105833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105833.
9
Kamau, John, Ash Ahmed, Paul Hirst, and Joseph Kangwa. "Suitability of Anthill Soil as a Supplementary Cementitious Material." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.7.785.
Abstract:
Cement is the most utilised construction material and the second most consumed commodity in the world after water. It has been reported that the heavily energy-intensive processes that are involved in its production contribute about 7 to 10% to the total global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the main cause of global warming; and are expensive economically. It is however possible, that energy and cost efficiency can be achieved by reducing on the amount of cement, and in its place utilizing Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs), which require less process heating and emit fewer levels of CO2. This work aimed to provide an original contribution to the body of knowledge by investigating the suitability of Anthill Soil (AHS) as an SCM by testing for pozzolanic or hydraulic properties. Cement was replaced in concrete with AHS by weight at 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% steps at the point of need. The 0% replacement was used as the reference point from which performances were measured. The chemical composition analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that AHS contained the required chemical composition for pozzolans, while the compressive strengths achieved were above strength classes that are specified as being suitable for structural applications. The increase in compressive strength over time, density and workability behaviors of AHS were consistent with the characteristics of SCMs. All results across the tests showed good repeatability, highlighting the potential of using AHS as an SCM in concrete to enhance the sustainability and economic aspect of concrete, while at the same time improving its properties in both the wet and hardened states.
10
Kamau, John, Ash Ahmed, Paul Hirst, and Joseph Kangwa. "Suitability of Anthill Soil as a Supplementary Cementitious Material." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.7.785.
Abstract:
Cement is the most utilised construction material and the second most consumed commodity in the world after water. It has been reported that the heavily energy-intensive processes that are involved in its production contribute about 7 to 10% to the total global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the main cause of global warming; and are expensive economically. It is however possible, that energy and cost efficiency can be achieved by reducing on the amount of cement, and in its place utilizing Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs), which require less process heating and emit fewer levels of CO2. This work aimed to provide an original contribution to the body of knowledge by investigating the suitability of Anthill Soil (AHS) as an SCM by testing for pozzolanic or hydraulic properties. Cement was replaced in concrete with AHS by weight at 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% steps at the point of need. The 0% replacement was used as the reference point from which performances were measured. The chemical composition analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that AHS contained the required chemical composition for pozzolans, while the compressive strengths achieved were above strength classes that are specified as being suitable for structural applications. The increase in compressive strength over time, density and workability behaviors of AHS were consistent with the characteristics of SCMs. All results across the tests showed good repeatability, highlighting the potential of using AHS as an SCM in concrete to enhance the sustainability and economic aspect of concrete, while at the same time improving its properties in both the wet and hardened states.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)":
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Mirzahosseini, Mohammadreza. "Glass cullet as a new supplementary cementitious material (SCM)." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17565.
Abstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Civil Engineering
Kyle A. Riding
Finely ground glass has the potential for pozzolanic reactivity and can serve as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Glass reaction kinetics depends on both temperature and glass composition. Uniform composition, amorphous nature, and high silica content of glass make ground glass an ideal material for studying the effects of glass type and particle size on reactivity at different temperature. This study focuses on how three narrow size ranges of clear and green glass cullet, 63–75 [mu]m, 25–38 [mu]m, and smaller than 25 [mu]m, as well as combination of glass types and particle sizes affects the microstructure and performance properties of cementitious systems containing glass cullet as a SCM. Isothermal calorimetry, chemical shrinkage, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), quantitative analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images in backscattered (BS) mode were used to quantify the cement reaction kinetics and microstructure. Additionally, compressive strength and water sorptivity experiments were performed on mortar samples to correlate reactivity of cementitious materials containing glass to the performance of cementitious mixtures. A recently-developed modeling platform called “[mu]ic the model” was used to simulated pozzolanic reactivity of single type and fraction size and combined types and particle sizes of finely ground glass. Results showed that ground glass exhibits pozzolanic properties, especially when particles of clear and green glass below 25 [mu]m and their combination were used at elevated temperatures, reflecting that glass cullet is a temperature-sensitive SCM. Moreover, glass composition was seen to have a large impact on reactivity. In this study, green glass showed higher reactivity than clear glass. Results also revealed that the simultaneous effect of sizes and types of glass cullet (surface area) on the degree of hydration of glass particles can be accounted for through a linear addition, reflecting that the surface area would significantly affect glass cullet reactivity and that the effects of SCM material interaction on reaction kinetics were minimal. However, mechanical properties of cementitious systems containing combined glass types and sizes behaved differently, as they followed the weaker portion of the two particles. This behavior was attributed to the pores sizes, distruibution, and connectiity. Simulations of combined glass types and sizes showed that more work on microstructural models is needed to properly model the reactivity of mixed glass particle systems.
2
Justice, Joy Melissa. "Evaluation of Metakaolins for Use as Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6936.
Abstract:
Two metakaolins were evaluated for use as supplementary cementitious materials in cement-based systems. The metakaolins varied in their surface area (11.1 v. 25.4 m2/g), but were quite similar in mineralogical composition. Performance of metakaolin mixtures was compared to control mixtures and to mixtures incorporating silica fume as partial replacement for cement at water-to-cementitious materials ratios of 0.40, 0.50, and 0.60. In this study, the early age properties of fresh concrete and the mechanical and durability properties of hardened concrete were examined. Early age evaluations aimed to determine the reactivity of metakaolin (heat of hydration) and its effect on mixture workability (slump, setting time, unit weight). In addition, three types of shrinkage were monitored in metakaolin-cement systems: chemical, autogenous, and free. Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured at various concrete ages. The influence of metakaolin addition on durability was assessed through accelerated testing for sulfate resistance, expansion due to alkali-silica reaction, and through rapid chloride permeability measurements.
To further quantify the underlying mechanisms of metakaolin's action, the microstructure of pastes was examined. Calcium hydroxide (CH) content was determined using thermogravimetric analysis and verified using differential thermal analysis. Surface area and pore size distribution were evaluated via nitrogen adsorption. These analyses yielded information about the pozzolanic reactivity of metakaolin, associated CH consumption and pore structure refinement, and resulting improvements in mechanical performance and durability of metakaolin-concretes.
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Rojas-Ramírez, Roberto Antonio. "Estudo de propriedades de pastas e argamassas cimentícias compostas com vermiculita brasileira (in natura e calcinada)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-07022019-092414/.
Abstract:
No processo de beneficiamento da vermiculita é gerado um resíduo fino para o qual atualmente ainda não foi desenvolvida uma aplicação que possibilite a utilização em larga escala. Uma alternativa que vem sendo estudada é a associação com cimento Portland em composições de argamassas e concretos, em função da composição química do resíduo: elevada quantidade de alumínio, silício e magnésio, que podem apresentar interações com o ligante. No entanto, em função da elevada área superficial específica, em comparação ao cimento, sua utilização nas composições pode afetar a demanda de água de amassamento e limitar a sua aplicação. Para tanto, uma alternativa é a calcinação deste resíduo fino, assim como é realizado para outras argilas (caulim, por exemplo), para que a área superficial específica (ASE) seja menor e eventualmente ative propriedades pozolânicas na respectiva argila. Deste modo, neste trabalho foram avaliadas as diversas características de pastas cimentícias após adição de resíduo fino de vermiculita: reação química, formação dos produtos hidratados, propriedades reológicas, tanto após a mistura como ao longo da hidratação. Foi verificado que de forma geral a reação química não é afetada após a adição de vermiculita, embora a formação de aluminatos seja intensificada na composição com maior quantidade de resíduo in natura. Com relação ao seu comportamento no estado fresco, foi observado que a maior ASE do resíduo impacta fortemente as propriedades reológicas das pastas, embora que com um teor de 5% as mudanças sejam menores. Utilizando-se dessas mesmas composições para a avaliação do desempenho no estado endurecido de argamassas, foi verificado que não há efeito sobre essas propriedades até 5% de substituição, independentemente do tratamento térmico empregado. Assim, considerando aspectos econômicos de transporte assim como os custos decorrentes da calcinação, pode-se recomendar a adição de 5% de vermiculita in natura sem comprometer o desempenho dos produtos, embora não se possa precisar com os dados obtidos a sua durabilidade ao longo do uso.In the process to obtaining vermiculite a fine residue is generated, which does not yet have a large-scale application. An alternative that has been studied is the association with Portland cement in mortar and concrete formulations, as a function of the chemical composition of the residue: high amount of aluminium, silicon and magnesium which may have interactions with the binder. However, the residue has a high specific surface area, in comparison to cement, a fact that can increase the water-demand to mix and limit its application. For this, an alternative is the calcination of this fine residue, as it is done for other clays (kaolin, for example), so that the specific surface area (SSA) is smaller and eventually activates pozzolanic properties in the respective clay. Thus, in this work the various characteristics of cement pastes after addition of vermiculite fine residue were evaluated: chemical reaction, formation of the hydrated products, rheological properties, both after mixing and along the hydration. It was verified that in general the chemical reaction is not affected after the addition of vermiculite, although the formation of aluminates is intensified in the composition with greater amount of in nature residue. Regarding its behaviour in the fresh state, it was observed that the higher SSA of the residue strongly impacts the rheological properties of the pastes, although with a 5% content the changes are minimal. Using these same compositions to evaluate the performance in the hardened state of mortars, it was verified that there is no effect on these properties up to 5% of substitution, regardless of the thermal treatment used. Thus, considering the economic aspects of transport as well as the costs of calcination, it is possible to recommend the addition of 5% of vermiculite in nature without compromising the performance of the products, although it is not possible to determine the its durability during the use.
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Le, Cornec Domitille. "Étude de la structure des laitiers vitrifiés de hauts-fourneaux et de leur réactivité à l'eau en milieu basique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS556.
Abstract:
Le laitier de hauts-fourneaux est un sous-produit de l’industrie sidérurgique utilisé comme ajout cimentaire. Ce verre aluminosilicaté riche en calcium (Ca) possède des propriétés hydrauliques latentes. Il permet la fabrication de ciments au laitier ayant une faible empreinte carbone et une bonne résistance aux milieux agressifs. L’objectif de cette thèse est, tout d’abord, d’étudier la structure vitreuse des laitiers et son impact sur les propriétés du matériau. Nous couplons des techniques chimiquement sélectives (XANES et EXAFS) à des techniques permettant une analyse moyenne du matériau (MEB, RPE, PDF) et complétons ces résultats expérimentaux par une modélisation. L’hydratation du laitier se fait par un mécanisme de dissolution-reprécipitation dans lequel le Ca joue un rôle prépondérant. Cet élément se trouve dans des environnements complexes et n’est pas réparti de façon aléatoire dans la structure vitreuse. Les sites du Ca forment un sous-réseau d’éléments modificateurs du réseau vitreux qui pourrait faciliter la dissolution du laitier. Suite à cela, nous étudions la spéciation du titane (Ti) dans les laitiers. Cet élément, présent de façon mineure dans la composition, a été rapporté industriellement comme ayant un impact néfaste sur la résistance mécanique des mortiers contenant des ciments au laitier. Le Ti se trouve majoritairement en coordinance 5 dans les laitiers et il stabilise leur structure vitreuse. Ceci pourrait conduire à une perte de réactivité du matériau et être à l’origine des baisses de performances observées industriellement. Des tests de résistance à la compression sont réalisés sur micro-mortiersBlast-furnace slag is a by-product of steel industry used as a supplementary cementitious material. This calcium (Ca)-rich aluminosilicate glass has latent hydraulic properties. It can be used to make slag cements with low-carbon footprints and high resistances to aggressive environments.The objective of this thesis is, first, to study the glassy structure of slags and its impact on the properties of the material. We use chemically selective techniques (XANES and EXAFS), medium-range analysis (SEM, EPR, PDF) and complete these results with a simulation. The hydration of slag is based on a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism in which Ca plays a significant role. This element is in complex environments and is not randomly distributed in the glassy structure. The Ca sites form a modifier sublattice which could make the dissolution of the slag easier.We, then, study the speciation of titanium (Ti) in the slags. This element is minimally present in the composition but according to industrial reports, it lowers the mechanical resistance of mortars containing slag cements. Ti is mainly five-fold coordinated and stabilizes the glassy structure. This could lead to a loss of reactivity of the material and cause the industrially observed performance deterioration. Compressive strength tests are performed on micro-mortars
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Almokdad, Mohammad. "Life Cycle Assessment of Circular Economy Strategies in Sustainable Constructions : Closing, Slowing, and Narrowing Loops for Dredged Sediments Valorization and Revalorization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023MTLD0007.
Abstract:
Faire face au besoin pressant de durabilité à la lumière de l'impact significatif de la modernisation sur l'environnement est crucial. Cette question souligne les menaces croissantes posées par les actions humaines, telles que le changement climatique et la pollution. En réponse, les nations mettent de plus en plus l'accent sur la durabilité en donnant la priorité à la réduction des déchets et à l'adoption de matériaux respectueux de l'environnement dans les processus de construction et de production. Dans le cadre de ces efforts, cette thèse vise à explorer la revalorisation (2ème valorisation) des sédiments de dragage en tant que matériau de construction routière, en étudiant sa pertinence technique et son impact environnemental grâce à une évaluation du cycle de vie (ACV). Elle examine également l'utilisation des sédiments en tant que matériaux cimentaires supplémentaires (MCS) et compare leur performance environnementale à celle des matériaux traditionnels. L'étude évalue la faisabilité de la revalorisation des sédiments de dragage, en mettant l'accent sur une approche en circuit fermé pour leur utilisation circulaire. Elle évalue diverses propriétés physiques, mécaniques et chimiques de la revalorisation des matériaux en les comparant à la valorisation des sédiments bruts (1ère valorisation), et réalise une ACV en comparant la revalorisation des sédiments à l'utilisation de différents types d'agrégats vierges pour la construction de nouvelles routes. De plus, l'étude mène une ACV complète en comparant les sédiments de dragage séchés et broyés (DGS) aux sédiments de dragage calcinés à la volée (FCS) en tant que substituts du ciment Portland ordinaire, en tenant compte des différentes différences de performance quantitatives et qualitativesAddressing the pressing need for sustainability in light of modernization's significant impact on the environment is crucial. This issue underscores the escalating threats posed by human actions, such as climate change and pollution. In response, nations are increasingly emphasizing sustainability by placing a priority on waste reduction and the adoption of eco-friendly materials in construction and production processes. In light of these efforts, this thesis aims to explore the revalorization (2nd valorization) of dredged sediments as a road construction material, studying its technical suitability and environmental impact through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). It also examines using sediments as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and compares their environmental performance to traditional materials. The study evaluates the feasibility of revalorizing dredged sediments, emphasizing a closed-loop approach for their circular use. It assesses various physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the material revalorization comparing it to raw sediments 1st valorization, and conduct a LCA and comparing sediments revalorization with different virgin aggregates types for the usage in new road construction. Additionally, the study conducts a comprehensive LCA comparing dried ground sediments (DGS) to flash-calcined sediments (FCS) as substitutes for ordinary Portland cement, considering the different quantitative and qualitative performance differences
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Bektas, Fatih. "Use of ground clay brick as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete-hydration characteristics, mechanical properties, and ASR durability." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Wilson, William. "Chemo-mechanical characterization of microstructure phases in cementitious systems by a novel NI-QEDS technique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11620.
Abstract:
Face à la finitude des ressources de la terre et de sa capacité d’absorption de la pollution, le développement d’écobétons pour un futur industrialisé durable représente un défi majeur de la science du béton moderne. En raison de sa nature hétérogène complexe, les propriétés macroscopiques du béton dépendent fortement des constituants de sa microstructure (ex. silicates de calcium hydratés [C–S–H], Portlandite, inclusions anhydres, porosité, agrégats, etc.). De plus, la nécessité d’une exploitation rapide et optimale des matériaux cimentaires émergents dans les applications industrielles demande de nos jours une meilleure compréhension de leurs particularités chimico-mécaniques à l’échelle micrométrique. Cette thèse vise à développer une méthode de pointe de couplage de la nanoindentation et de la spectroscopie quantitative aux rayons X à dispersion d'énergie (NI-QEDS), puis à fournir une caractérisation chimico-mécanique originale des phases microstructurales présentes dans les matrices réelles de ciments mélangés. La combinaison d’analyses NI-QEDS statistiques et déterministes a ainsi permis d’élargir la compréhension des systèmes avec ciment Portland et ajouts cimentaires (ACs) conventionnels ou alternatifs. Plus spécifiquement, l’étude des C–(A)–S–H (C–S–H incluant l’aluminium ou non) dans différents systèmes à base de ciments mélangés a montré des compositions différentes pour cet hydrate (variations dans les taux de Ca, Si, Al, S et Mg), mais ses propriétés mécaniques n’ont pas été significativement affectées par l’incorporation des ACs dans des dosages typiques. Les résultats présentés ont aussi démontré le rôle important des autres phases imbriquées dans la matrice de C–(A)–S–H, soit les inclusions anhydres dures (ex. le clinker et les ACs) et les autres hydrates tels que la Portlandite et les hydrates riches en aluminium (ex. les carboaluminates) avec des propriétés mécaniques plus élevées que celles des C–(A)–S–H. La thèse est basée sur cinq articles couvrant : (1) une analyse NI-EDS de systèmes incorporant des volumes élevés de pouzzolanes naturelles; (2) le développement de la méthode NI-QEDS; des analyses statistiques NI-QEDS (3) de systèmes avec cendres volantes et laitier, et (4) d’un système combinant ciment, calcaire et argile calcinée; et (5) une exploration déterministe NI-QEDS de systèmes conventionnels et alternatifs incorporant la poudre de verre, le métakaolin, le laitier ou la cendre volante. Finalement, en plus d’avancer les derniers modèles et méthodes micromécaniques, l’outil développé a fourni une perception chimico-mécanique originale des phases microstructurales et de leur arrangement. Le dévoilement de la signature chimico-mécanique de ces pâtes de ciments mélangés particulièrement complexes offre un savoir unique pour l’ingénierie des bétons de demain.Abstract : Facing the limitedness of the earth’s resources and pollution absorption capacity, the development of eco-concrete for a sustainable industrialized future is one of the major challenges of modern concrete science. Due to its complex heterogeneous nature, the macro-scale properties of concrete strongly depend on the microstructure constituents (e.g., calcium-silicate-hydrates [C–S–H], Portlandite, anhydrous inclusions, porosity, aggregates, etc.). Moreover, the need for rapid and optimal exploitation of emerging binding materials in industrial applications urges today a better understanding of their chemo-mechanical features at the micrometer scale. This thesis aims at developing a state-of-the-art method coupling NanoIndentation and Quantitative Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (NI-QEDS), and providing an original chemo-mechanical characterization of the microstructure phases in highly heterogeneous matrices of real blended-cement pastes. The combination of statistical and deterministic NI-QEDS analysis approaches opened new research horizons in the understanding of Portland-cement systems incorporating conventional and alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). More specifically, the investigations of C–(A)–S–H (C–S–H including aluminum or not) in different blended-cement systems showed variable compositions for this hydrate (i.e., Ca, Si, Al, S and Mg contents), but the mechanical properties were not significantly affected by the incorporation of SCMs in typical dosages. The presented results also showed the important role of the other phases embedded in the C–(A)–S–H matrix, i.e., hard anhydrous inclusions (e.g., clinker and SCMs) and other hydrates such as Portlandite and Al-rich hydrates (e.g., carboaluminates) with mechanical properties higher than those of the C–(A)–S–H. The thesis is based on five articles focusing on: (1) the NI-EDS investigation of high-volume natural pozzolan systems; (2) the development of the NI-QEDS method; the statistical NI-QEDS analyses of (3) fly ash and slag blended-cement systems and of (4) a limestone-calcined-clay system; and (5) the deterministic NI-QEDS exploration of alternative and conventional systems incorporating glass powder, metakaolin, slag or fly ash. Finally, the developed tool not only advanced the latest micromechanical methods and models, but also provided original chemo-mechanical insights on the microstructure phases and their arrangement. Unveiling the chemo-mechanical signature of these highly-complex blended cement pastes further provided unique knowledge for engineering concretes for tomorrow.
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Shearer, Christopher R. "The productive reuse of coal, biomass and co-fired fly ash." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52298.
Abstract:
Stricter greenhouse gas emission limits and renewable energy requirements are expected to further increase the worldwide practices of firing biomass and co-firing biomass with coal, which are both considered more sustainable energy sources than coal-only combustion. Reuse options for the by-products of these processes -biomass ash and co-fired fly ash -remain limited. Therefore, this research examines their use as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete and as precursors for alkali-activated geopolymers.
Toward their potential use as an SCM, after characterizing these ashes assessing their compliance with ASTM C618 requirements, their impact on early-age hydration kinetics, rheology, setting time and permeability was assessed. Furthermore, the pozzolanic reactivity and the microstructural and hydrated phase development of the cement-ash samples were analyzed. The results show that a wood biomass ash sample was not satisfactory for use as an SCM. On the other hand, the findings demonstrate that co-fired fly ashes can significantly improve the strength and durability properties of concrete compared to ordinary portland cement, in part due to their pozzolanicity. Thus, it is recommended that the ASTM C618 standard be modified to permit co-fired fly ash sources that meet existing requirements and any additional requirements deemed necessary to ensure their satisfactory performance when used in concrete.
Toward their potential use in geopolymers, this study characterized the early-age reaction kinetics and rheological behavior of these materials, showing that their exothermic reactivity, plastic viscosity and yield stress are significantly influenced by the activator solution chemistry and other characteristics of the ash. Two co-fired fly ashes were successfully polymerized, with compressive strengths generally highest for ashes activated with solutions with a molar ratio of SiO₂/(Na₂O + K₂O) = 1. The results show that geopolymerization is a viable beneficial reuse for these emerging by-products. Further characterization of these materials by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy analysis revealed the heterogeneity of the aluminosilicate phase composition of the co-fired fly ash geopolymer gel at the nano- to micro-scale.
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Davidenko, Tatyana. "Hydratation d'un système cimentaire binaire contenant des cendres volantes de biomasse." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6988.
Abstract:
Résumé : L’utilisation des cendres volantes générées par la combustion de biomasse présente une solution très prometteuse pour la conception de bétons écologiques de haute performance. Cependant, leur comportement dans un milieu cimentaire est encore peu étudié. Ce projet est concentré sur la compréhension des processus d’hydratation d’un système cimentaire contenant les cendres volantes de biomasse disponibles localement.
Lors du programme expérimental, la caractérisation physico-chimique des cendres volantes étudiées a d’abord été réalisée. Ensuite, leur effet sur les propriétés rhéologiques, la cinétique d’hydratation, l’évolution des hydrates avec le temps et le développement des résistances ont été examinés. Les systèmes étudiés sont des pâtes et des mortiers avec différents taux de remplacement de ciment par les cendres volantes et deux rapports eau/liant de 0,5 et 0,4 en absence et en présence de superplastifiant. La variation des propriétés physico-chimiques de différents échantillons des cendres volantes (finesse, teneur en chaux libre, en sulfates et en calcite) a été utilisée pour déterminer l’effet de chacun de ces paramètres sur les performances des mélanges.
Le remplacement partiel du ciment par les cendres volantes de biomasse entraine des changements sur la rhéologie, la cinétique d’hydratation, la composition des hydrates et la microstructure des pâtes hydratées. De plus, certains problèmes de compatibilité entre les cendres volantes et les superplastifiants sont observés. En se basant sur l’analyse des résultats obtenus, les explications des phénomènes qui se produisent dans les systèmes cimentaires contenant les cendres volantes de biomasse sont proposées.Abstract : The use of wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) represents a very promising solution for ecological high performance concrete design. However, the effect of WSA on cementitious systems properties is still insufficiently studied. The present project intends to understand the hydration process in Portland cement systems containing locally available WSA. The experimental program begins with characterization of WSA physico-chemical properties. Then, the effect of WSA on rheology, hydration kinetics, hydration products evolution over time and strength development in cement blends is investigated. The systems discussed here are cement pastes and mortars with different cement replacement by WSA ratio and two water to binder ratio (0,5 and 0,4) with and without superplasticizer. The variation of physico-chemical properties (fineness; free lime, sulphate and calcite content) between different WSA samples was used to determine the effect of each of these parameters on blended cement performances. Partial cement replacement by WSA leads to changes in rheology, hydration kinetics, composition of the hydrates and microstructure of hydrated pastes. Moreover, some incompatibility problems between WSA and superplasticizers used are observed. Based on experimental results analysis, the explanations of the phenomena taking place in cement systems containing WSA are proposed.
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Jerban, Majid. "Performance of concrete incorporating amorphous silica residue and biomass fly ash." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9807.
Abstract:
L'industrie du ciment est l'une des principales sources d'émission de dioxyde de carbone. L'industrie mondiale du ciment contribue à environ 7% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère. Afin d'aborder les effets environnementaux associés à la fabrication de ciment exploitant en permanence les ressources naturelles, il est nécessaire de développer des liants alternatifs pour fabriquer du béton durable. Ainsi, de nombreux sous-produits industriels ont été utilisés pour remplacer partiellement le ciment dans le béton afin de générer plus d'économie et de durabilité. La performance d'un additif de ciment est dans la cinétique d'hydratation et de la synergie entre les additions et de ciment Portland. Dans ce projet, deux sous-produits industriels sont étudiés comme des matériaux cimentaires alternatifs: le résidu de silice amorphe (RSA) et les cendres des boues de désencrage. Le RSA est un sous-produit de la production de magnésium provenant de l'Alliance Magnésium des villes d'Asbestos et Thedford Mines, et les cendres des boues de désencrage est un sous-produit de la combustion des boues de désencrage, l'écorce et les résidus de bois dans le système à lit fluidisé de l'usine de Brompton située près de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. Récemment, les cendres des boues de désencrage ont été utilisées comme des matériaux cimentaires alternatifs. L'utilisation de ces cendres comme matériau cimentaire dans la fabrication du béton conduit à réduire la qualité des bétons. Ces problèmes sont causés par des produits d'hydratation perturbateurs des cendres volantes de la biomasse quand ces cendres sont partiellement mélangées avec du ciment dans la fabrication du béton. Le processus de pré-mouillage de la cendre de boue de désencrage avant la fabrication du béton réduit les produits d'hydratation perturbateurs et par conséquent les propriétés mécaniques du béton sont améliorées. Les approches pour étudier la cendre de boue de désencrage dans ce projet sont : 1) caractérisation de cette cendre volante régulière et pré-humidifiée, 2) l'étude de la performance du mortier et du béton incorporant cette cendre volante régulière et pré-humidifiée. Le RSA est un nouveau sous-produit industriel. La haute teneur en silice amorphe en RSA est un excellent potentiel en tant que matériau cimentaire dans le béton. Dans ce projet, l'évaluation des RSA comme matériaux cimentaires alternatifs compose trois étapes. Tout d'abord, la caractérisation par la détermination des propriétés minéralogiques, physiques et chimiques des RSA, ensuite, l'optimisation du taux de remplacement du ciment par le RSA dans le mortier, et enfin l'évaluation du RSA en remplacement partiel du ciment dans différents types de béton dans le système binaire et ternaire. Cette étude a révélé que le béton de haute performance (BHP) incorporant le RSA a montré des propriétés mécaniques et la durabilité, similaire du contrôle. Le RSA a amélioré les propriétés des mécaniques et la durabilité du béton ordinaire (BO). Le béton autoplaçant (BAP) incorporant le RSA est stable, homogène et a montré de bonnes propriétés mécaniques et la durabilité. Le RSA avait une bonne synergie en combinaison de liant ternaire avec d'autres matériaux cimentaires supplémentaires. Cette étude a montré que le RSA peut être utilisé comme nouveaux matériaux cimentaires dans le béton.Abstract : Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources. The global cement industry contributes about 7% of greenhouse gas emission to the earth’s atmosphere. In order to address environmental effects associated with cement manufacturing and constantly depleting natural resources, there is necessity to develop alternative binders to make sustainable concrete. Thus, many industrial by-products have been used to partially substitute cement in order to generate more economic and durable concrete. The performance of a cement additive depends on kinetics hydration and synergy between additions and Portland cement. In this project, two industrial by-products are investigated as alternative supplementary cementitious materials (ASCMs), non-toxic amorphous silica residue (AmSR) and wastepaper sludge ash (WSA). AmSR is by-product of production of magnesium from Alliance Magnesium near of Asbestos and Thetford Mines Cities, and wastepaper sludge ash is by-product of combustion of de-inking sludge, bark and residues of woods in fluidized-bed system from Brompton mill located near Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. The AmSR is new industrial by-products. Recently, wastepaper sludge ash has been used as cementitious materials. Utilization of these ashes as cementitious material in concrete manufacturing leads to reduce the mechanical properties of concretes. These problems are caused by disruptive hydration products of biomass fly ash once these ashes partially blended with cement in concrete manufacturing. The pre-wetting process of WSA before concrete manufacturing reduced disruptive hydration products and consequently improved concrete mechanical properties. Approaches for investigation of WSA in this project consist on characterizing regular and pre-wetted WSA, the effect of regular and pre-wetted WSA on performance of mortar and concrete. The high content of amorphous silica in AmSR is excellent potential as cementitious material in concrete. In this project, evaluation of AmSR as cementitious materials consists of three steps. Characterizing and determining physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of AmSR. Then, effect of different rates of replacement of cement by AmSR in mortar. Finally, study of effect of AmSR as partial replacement of cement in different concrete types with binary and ternary binder combinations. This study revealed that high performance concrete (HPC) incorporating AmSR showed similar mechanical properties and durability, compared to control mixture. AmSR improved mechanical properties and durability of ordinary concrete. Self-consolidating (SCC) concrete incorporating AmSR was stable, homogenous and showed good mechanical properties and durability. AmSR had good synergy in ternary binder combination with other supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This study showed AmSR can be use as new cementitious materials in concrete.
Book chapters on the topic "Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)":
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Tuncer, Havva Merve, and Zehra Canan Girgin. "Hemp Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (HRLWC) with Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM)." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1067–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32519-9_107.
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Xue, C., and V. Sirivivatnanon. "Chloride Penetration in Low-Carbon Concrete with High Volume of SCM: A Review Study." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 141–49. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_16.
Abstract:
AbstractLow-carbon concrete (LCC) uses supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to partially replace cement as a method for reducing its carbon footprint. Previous laboratory and field studies had provided substantial support and experience for using LCC in marine structures, which are the most susceptible to chloride-induced corrosion. Some short-term test methods have provided reliable assessment of the ability of LCC to resist chloride penetration, but the long-term chloride penetration depends on a great many factors and thus could differ from the results obtained from laboratory tests. However, the lack of a correlation between the data from short-term and long-term tests has limited the use of abundant laboratory results for service life design of LCC. This study presents an overview of results obtained when LCCs were exposed to chlorides. The key outcome of this study is a broader synthesis of the available data regarding the relationship between the mix design and the performance of LCCs in various chloride environments, which helps find the possible correlation and fully appreciate the value of the short-term tests.
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Draganić, Suzana, Slobodan Šupić, Mirjana Laban, Mirjana Malešev, Vlastimir Radonjanin, Vesna Bulatović, Ivan Lukić, and Olivera Bukvić. "Agricultural Biomass Ash as a Circular Building Material: Connecting Agriculture and Construction Industry." In Creating a Roadmap Towards Circularity in the Built Environment, 225–36. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45980-1_19.
Abstract:
AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that agricultural biomass ash is an important resource with great potential for the construction sector. To valorize agricultural waste (as a renewable energy source and as a supplementary cementitious material—SCM), the crucial steps in the integrated management system of the circular economy cycle are the establishment and maintenance of database on crop production, namely, on harvest residues amount and quantity and quality of available biomass ash. The purpose of the study was to establish a multi-level georeferenced interactive database (map) on the produced quantities of agricultural biomass ash and cement consumption in Vojvodina region (Republic of Serbia), based on the analysis of agricultural biomass ash stream through three sectors as potential actors of the supply chain: agriculture (biomass producers)—industry (biomass users)—construction industry (users of biomass ash). Conducted research indicates the annual potential of over 2.4 million tons of harvest residues from corn, wheat, soya and sunflower, available for energy purposes in Vojvodina region. The potentially available amount of ash that might be generated annually by harvest residues combustion is estimated at over 196 thousand tons. Identified available amount of biomass ash (4.2 thousand tons) indicates an extremely low utilization (~2%) of the biomass potential. On an annual basis, all current agricultural biomass ash production can be used for partial cement substitution up to 30% in six construction companies. However, the generated ash is mostly disposed of in municipal landfills, which represents the end of the waste stream.
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Wolf, Benjamin, Benedikt Zoels, and Andrea Kustermann. "Investigation of the Influence of Recycled Concrete Powder (RCP) on the Setting Behavior of Cement When Used as Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 408–17. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32519-9_39.
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Chiang, Pen-Chi, and Shu-Yuan Pan. "Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) in Cement Mortar." In Carbon Dioxide Mineralization and Utilization, 293–325. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3268-4_15.
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Jaiswal, Abhishek Kumar, and Manoj Kumar Trivedi. "Supplementary Cementitious Material: An Elixir for Concrete." In Intelligent Computing Applications for Sustainable Real-World Systems, 111–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44758-8_11.
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Seraj, Saamiya, Rachel Cano, Raissa P. Ferron, and Maria C. G. Juenger. "Calcined Shale as Low Cost Supplementary Cementitious Material." In RILEM Bookseries, 531–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9939-3_66.
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Reig, Lucía, Ángel M. Pitarch, Lourdes Soriano, María V. Borrachero, José M. Monzó, Jordi Payá, and Mauro M. Tashima. "Reutilization of Ceramic Waste as Supplementary Cementitious Material." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 553–76. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2714-2_30.
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Anithamma, Kaveti, N. Niranjan Kumar, S. V. Satyanarayana, and Dilip Kumar Behara. "Synergistic Interaction among Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) for Sustainable Solid-Waste Management." In Effective Waste Management and Circular Economy, 211–21. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003231608-23.
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Hamzah, Suharman, and Evi Aprianti. "The Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Material Using Thermal Method." In Sustainable Future for Human Security, 205–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5433-4_14.
Conference papers on the topic "Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)":
1
Wang, Ya Ping, Moa Fagermo, Trond Furu, Harald Justnes, and Knut Marthinsen. "Compatibility of Different Aluminium with a New Environmental-Friendly Concrete." In Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete 2023 conference. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-i2lqxx.
Abstract:
DARE2C (Durable Aluminium Reinforced Environmentally-friendly Concrete Construction) project is to develop a more environmental-friendly concrete and use aluminium (Al) as reinforcement material, instead of steel. The new concrete uses supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), which provides a low alkaline environment suitable for aluminium reinforcement. Unlike steel, aluminium has a better stability in medium pH environment, which can largely improve the durability of the new Al-reinforced concrete (RC). Cover thickness can be reduced since aluminium withstands environment and carbonation does not pose a threat. The usage of lighter aluminium as reinforcement would help greatly reduce the total weight of the Al-RC structure. The objective of this work is to investigate the compatibility of different aluminium alloys in the new DARE2C concrete by gas chromatography measurement during the cement hydration. Together with the pull-out test results, the best aluminium candidate will be determined.DARE2C (Durable Aluminium Reinforced Environmentally-friendly Concrete Construction) project is to develop a more environmental-friendly concrete and use aluminium (Al) as reinforcement material, instead of steel. The new concrete uses supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), which provides a low alkaline environment suitable for aluminium reinforcement. Unlike steel, aluminium has a better stability in medium pH environment, which can largely improve the durability of the new Al-reinforced concrete (RC). Cover thickness can be reduced since aluminium withstands environment and carbonation does not pose a threat. The usage of lighter aluminium as reinforcement would help greatly reduce the total weight of the Al-RC structure. The objective of this work is to investigate the compatibility of different aluminium alloys in the new DARE2C concrete by gas chromatography measurement during the cement hydration. Together with the pull-out test results, the best aluminium candidate will be determined.
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Puentes Mojica, Javier, Jose Luis Calvo, and M. Cruz Alonso Alonso. "Diseño de mezclas de hormigones autocompactantes con alto contenido de adiciones minerales y áridos de diferentes naturaleza para desempeño en ambientes altamente agresivos." In HAC2018 - V Congreso Iberoamericano de Hormigón Autocompactable y Hormigones Especiales. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/hac2018.2018.6324.
Abstract:
The advances in the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) increases its consumption in construction materials. The SCC has ease of placement and refinement of the microstructure due to the increase of the volume of paste and fines thus improving the resistance to the penetration of aggressive agents. Therefore, its use is not limited to usual scenarios but focusing also to environments with severe operating conditions as is the case of energy transport infrastructures, often located in remote and extreme places. These conditions of application and location restrict the type of materials to be used in the design of concrete: type of aggregates, type of cement, use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), etc. The development of SCC also must imply an increase in the sustainability of the construction process by promoting the use of binders with mineral additions and limestone filler , in order to reduce the total cement content (due to the reduction of CO2 emissions associated to cement production) thus decreasing their environmental footprint. However, the incorporation of SCM implies the need to ensure compatibility with the chemical additives, superplasticizers, while maintaining the fresh state properties. Another relevant factor is the type and characteristics of aggregates that significantly affect the workability of concrete. The aggregates provide an improvement in performance in a hardened state, but in some cases they modify the consistency losing the self-compactibility of the concrete.The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the composition of the mixture components on the fresh and hardened properties of the SCC: 1) Interaction of the additives with cements with high mineral addition content (50%) of slag and fly ash; 2) the effect of the use of mixtures of aggregates with different origin, shape and composition that provide the special properties required concentrated solar power plants. Mixtures of aggregates, limestone, basalt and crushed Clinker have been considered along with additives that promote flowability, water reducers and density enhancement. Robust SCCs can be developed with high stability suitable for CSP application.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/HAC2018.2018.6324
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KWOK, Jack Y., and Jackie C. K. LEUNG. "Evaluation of the Performance of GGBS Concrete used in Civil and Geotechnical Works." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 43rd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.159.26.
Abstract:
The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) such as Pulverised Fly Ash (PFA) and Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) has been proven effective in reducing the total carbon emission of the concrete production process by lowering the use of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The general specifications published by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region have allowed the use of PFA as SCM in concrete production for public work projects in the past three decades. From 2012 onwards, the use of GGBS as SCM has also been permitted. In recent years, the local electricity companies have been reducing their reliance on coal-fired plants for electricity generation. The local supply of PFA has been declining and is expected to deplete by the 2030s. Through the management of the concrete mix ID database, the Public Works Central Laboratory (PWCL) noted the trend of using GGBS concrete in public works contracts has been on the rise in the past two years. The PWCL has recently conducted an in-house technical study on the performance of GGBS concrete mixes recently adopted in public works contracts. Based on the original concrete mix formulas and sources of materials, fresh concrete batches were made in laboratory environment. Furthermore, additional concrete test cubes were obtained from available on-going public works construction sites adopting GGBS concrete. Various performance aspects of the concrete mixes, such as the early strength development and shrinkage properties were evaluated. PWCL has also obtained the results of the recent “Low Carbon Concrete Trophy Competition 2022” initiated by the Standing Committee on Concrete Technology and organised by HKIE for comparison purposes. In view of the improved quality of GGBS available in the market in the past few years, PWCL is also planning to conduct a further study on the performance of GGBS concrete, focusing on the recent technological advancement in this area, and the feasibility of achieving higher replacement levels, higher grade strengths with the use of locally available raw materials. This paper summarises our current work on evaluation of the performance of GGBS concrete used in recent public works contracts with the aim of facilitating the industry’s consideration for wider adoption of GGBS concrete in civil and geotechnical engineering works.
4
"Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Sustainability." In SP-269: Concrete: The Sustainable Material Choice. American Concrete Institute, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51663719.
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Flegar, Matea, Marijana Serdar, Diana Londono-Zuluaga, and Karen Scrivener. "Overview of clay as supplementary cementitious material." In 5th Symposium on Doctoral Studies in Civil Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/phdsym.2019.14.
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Keppert, M., M. Čáchová, M. Pavlíková, A. Trník, J. Žumár, and R. Černý. "Waste ceramics as supplementary cementitious material: characterization and utilization." In ECO-ARCHITECTURE 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/arc140211.
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Vejmelková, E., T. Kulovaná, M. Keppert, M. Ondráček, and R. Černý. "Natural zeolite as environmentally friendly supplementary cementitious material in concrete." In ECO-ARCHITECTURE 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/arc120251.
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Maqsood, Mubashir, and Anshul Garg. "Self cleaning fiber reinforced concrete with supplementary cementitious material-a review." In THE FOURTH SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES RESEARCH (EETR2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0164069.
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Itam, Z., A. Syamsir, A. Q. Rababah, O. Malkawi, and N. A. Razeman. "Utilization of mango leaf ash as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete." In ADVANCES IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116624.
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"Performance of a New Supplementary Cementitious Material in Combination with Chemical Admixtures." In "SP-221: Eighth CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete". American Concrete Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/13283.
Reports on the topic "Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)":
1
Huang, Dan, Mirian Velay-Lizancos, and Jan Olek. Improving Scaling Resistance of Pavement Concrete Using Titanium Dioxide (TiO2 ) and Nanosilica. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317583.
Abstract:
This project focused on the evaluation of the influence of nanoadditives on the hydration kinetics, mechanical properties, and durability of concretes with and without supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The types of nanomaterials used in the course of this study included nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) and two forms of nanosilica. A series of experimental tasks, including fabrication, curing, and conditioning of specimens, microstructure analysis, mechanical strength testing, and durability testing were conducted in the laboratory. Based on experimental results, it can be concluded that the addition of nanoparticles can accelerate the early-age hydration process of cementitious pastes, especially those containing fly ash and cured at low temperatures. Both the compressive and flexural strength of mortars and concretes were also enhanced by the addition of nanoparticles. In addition, incorporation of nanoparticles reduced the total amount and connectivity of pores present in concretes. That resulted in lowering the water permeability of concretes, regardless of the cementitious systems and curing temperatures used. The resistance of concretes to freeze-thaw cycles and scaling was also improved by the addition of nanoparticles, especially those containing fly ash. However, an excess of nanoparticles additions may reduce the scaling resistance of concretes.
2
Hartell, Julie, Matthew O’Reilly, and Hang Zeng. Measuring Transport Properties of Portland Cement Concrete Using Electrical Resistivity. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-012.
Abstract:
Although classification tables based on susceptibility to chloride ion permeability are recommended in AASHTO T 358, the classification levels with respect to durability parameters may or may not be adequate. Of interest for concrete pavement performance, this study verifies the recommended classification levels against standard durability testing such as corrosion, salt scaling, and freeze-thaw. The researchers conducted corrosion, salt scaling, and freeze-thaw durability tests in parallel with electrical surface resistivity testing to compare performance classifications for each method. Twenty-four mixture designs were evaluated. The designs vary in water-to-cementitious material ratio (0.4, 0.45, and 0.5 w/cm ratio), supplementary cementitious material type (100% ordinary Portland cement, 20% Class C fly ash, 40% Grade 100 slag cement, and 8% silica fume replacements), and air content (air entrained and non-air entrained). The results of the experimental study indicate that there is no clear relationship between concrete electrical conductivity and durability performance based on standard methods of testing. It may not be appropriate for the determination of durability performance of a concrete mixture for concrete pavement construction. However, the test method does present advantages, as mixtures of similar composition and design can yield the same results over time under standardized curing. Here, resistivity-time curves could be a useful tool as part of a quality control and quality assurance program to ensure consistency in concrete delivery during construction.
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Roesler, Jeffery, Sachindra Dahal, Dan Zollinger, and W. Jason Weiss. Summary Findings of Re-engineered Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement: Volume 1. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-011.
Abstract:
This research project conducted laboratory testing on the design and impact of internal curing on concrete paving mixtures with supplementary cementitious materials and evaluated field test sections for the performance of crack properties and CRCP structure under environmental and FWD loading. Three experimental CRCP sections on Illinois Route 390 near Itasca, IL and two continuously reinforced concrete beams at UIUC ATREL test facilities were constructed and monitored. Erodibility testing was performed on foundation materials to determine the likelihood of certain combinations of materials as suitable base/subbase layers. A new post-tensioning system for CRCP was also evaluated for increased performance and cost-effectiveness. This report volume summarizes the three year research effort evaluating design, material, and construction features that have the potential for reducing the initial cost of CRCP without compromising its long-term performance.
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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, Yusef Mehta, Danielle Kennedy, Benjamin Watts, Peter Bly, and Jared Oren. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.
Abstract:
Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixtures with RCA materials. Concrete mixtures with different ternary binder combinations were batched with four recycled concrete aggregate materials. For the materials used, the study found that a blend of portland cement, Class C fly ash, and blast furnace slag produced the highest strength of ternary binder. At 50% replacement of virgin aggregates and ternary blended binder, some specimens showed comparable mechanical performance to a control mix of only portland cement as a binder and no RCA substitution. This study demonstrates that even at 50% RCA replacement, using the appropriate ternary binder can create a concrete mixture that performs similarly to a plain portland cement concrete without RCA, with the added benefit of being environmentally beneficial.