Relevant bibliographies by topics / Superstructure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Superstructure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Superstructure"

1

Mackney, Michael D. A., and Carl T. F. Ross. "Superstructure Effectiveness in the Preliminary Assessment of the Hull Behavior." Marine Technology and SNAME News 36, no. 01 (January 1, 1999): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1999.36.1.29.

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In a study of hull-superstructure interaction, a parametric investigation was undertaken, which was designed to examine a large number of hull-superstructure arrangements, broadly representative of warship configurations. The study was essentially numerical, based on the finite element method, but was supported by an experimental program used to validate aspects of the modeling. The majority of the numerical work was the analysis of three-dimensional simplified models having either a single superstructure on a standardized hull, or a double superstructure arrangement on an alternative standardized hull. Such models represented simplified structural configurations from which preliminary assessments of the hull-superstructure behaviour could be systematically addressed within an initial design sequence. Superstructure effectiveness is not universally defined or used, in the literature. Since stresses are idiosyncratic, effectiveness in this work is defined in terms of overall structural displacement, as the ratio of the maximum displacement of the plain hull to the maximum displacement with superstructures. A variety of cases was considered, including single and double superstructure arrangements of various sizes and in various positions on the hulL Design curves were formed for the different arrangements showing the variation in the effectiveness. Superstructure effectiveness varies with superstructure length, becoming greater as the superstructure becomes longer. There is a finite limit to the maximum effectiveness which is dependent on the relative cross sectional properties. The position of the superstructure also affects the effectiveness, with the greatest effectiveness occurring at the mid hull position. The change in effectiveness is less when the superstructure is small and changing position than when it is long. Two superstructures having comparable total length to a single superstructure are less effective than the single superstructure. Three superstructures are more effective than two, but still less than one. As the number of superstructures increases for a given total length, the effectiveness tends towards the single superstructure value. Superstructures, even of modest dimensions, considerably to the cross-sectional properties and should be considered as part of the hull girder when doing the preliminary design.
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Khalikov, A. R., Yu V. Bebikhov, E. A. Korznikova, and S. V. Dmitriev. "Planar superstructural defects in the alloys with L10 superstructure." Frontier materials & technologies, no. 3 (2022): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2022-3-2-90-98.

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Planar superstructural defects have a great influence on the mechanical, functional properties of binary ordered alloys of the L10 superstructure based on the fcc lattice, but there is no complete analysis of their structure and energy in the literature. For the L10 superstructure alloys of the stoichiometric composition AB, the paper gives the expressions for calculating the sublimation energy and the energy of a planar superstructural defect in the model of hard coordination spheres and pair interatomic interactions. The crystal lattice tetragonality was not taken into account. The authors presented the ordered alloy structure as a union of four monoatomic simple cubic lattices, two of which are occupied by A atoms, and the other two by B atoms. This approach allows calculating the sublimation energy required for crystal evaporation. The first eight coordination spheres were taken into account in the work. The paper shows an algorithm for determining all possible geometrically different representations of the L10 superstructure with the same sublimation energy, gives an expression for finding the planes of occurrence of all possible conservative antiphase boundaries. The study identified that the conservative and nonconservative antiphase boundaries, as well as conservative and nonconservative boundaries of C-domains are observed in the binary ordered alloys of the L10 superstructure based on the fcc lattice. The algorithms described in this work make it possible to carry out a crystal-geometric analysis of planar defects in both binary and multicomponent ordered alloys with various superstructures.
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Костенко, М. Г., and А. А. Ремпель. "Распределение вакансий в гибридной сверхструктуре M-=SUB=-(5-11/18)-=/SUB=-X-=SUB=-(5-11/18)-=/SUB=- высокотемпературной упорядоченной фазы beta-TiO." Физика твердого тела 60, no. 3 (2018): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.03.45544.254.

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AbstractA new structural model of the high-temperature ordered β-TiO phase of titanium monoxide with vacancies in metallic and nonmetallic sublattices has been proposed. The model suggests that the vacancies are simultaneously distributed over sites of two partially disordered superstructures: monoclinic M_5X_5(mon) (space group C 2/ m ( A 2/ m )) and cubic M_5X_5(cub) (space group Pm $$\overline 3 $$ 3 ¯ m ). The hybrid superstructure belongs to space group P 1 m 1 of the monoclinic system. The proposed notation M_(5–11/18)X_(5–11/18) of the hybrid superstructure takes into account an expansion of the vacancy sublattice due to the superposition of initial $${M_5}{X_{{5^ - }}}$$ M 5 X 5 − type superstructures. It is shown that the arrangements of the superstructure reflections in the diffraction spectra of the M_(5–11/18)X_(5–11/18) and M_5X_5(cub) superstructures are identical.
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Paßens, Michael, Rainer Waser, and Silvia Karthäuser. "Enhanced fullerene–Au(111) coupling in (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures with intermolecular interactions." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (June 29, 2015): 1421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.147.

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Disordered and uniform (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures of fullerenes on the Au(111) surface have been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. It is shown that the deposition and growth process of a fullerene monolayer on the Au(111) surface determine the resulting superstructure. The supply of thermal energy is of importance for the activation of a Au vacancy forming process and thus, one criterion for the selection of the respective superstructure. However, here it is depicted that a vacancy–adatom pair can be formed even at room temperature. This latter process results in C60 molecules that appear slightly more bright in scanning tunnelling microscopy images and are identified in disordered (2√3 x 2√3)R30° superstructures based on a detailed structure analysis. In addition, these slightly more bright C60 molecules form uniform (2√3 x 2√3)R30° superstructures, which exhibit intermolecular interactions, likely mediated by Au adatoms. Thus, vacancy–adatom pairs forming at room temperature directly affect the resulting C60 superstructure. Differential conductivity spectra reveal a lifting of the degeneracy of the LUMO and LUMO+1 orbitals in the uniform (2√3 x 2√3)R30° superstructure and in addition, hybrid fullerene–Au(111) surface states suggest partly covalent interactions.
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Chen, Minglin, Bo Huang, Zhiying Yang, Qingyang Ren, and Bing Zhu. "The Influence of Lateral Restraining Stiffness on the Box-Girder Superstructure under Unbroken Solitary Waves." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081019.

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At present, box-girder superstructures are commonly used in coastal bridges, and their hydrodynamic performance under extreme waves such as tsunamis has attracted a lot of attention. There is a lack of research focusing on the effect of lateral restraining stiffness on box-girder superstructures under the extreme wave condition. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model based on the RANS equation and SST k-ω turbulence model is established. Combined with the dynamic mesh updating technique, the effect of lateral restraining stiffness on the superstructure of a box-girder and the dynamic characteristics of the movable box-girder under the solitary waves were investigated. To ensure the mesh quality, the numerical computational domain is divided into several regions that correspond to specific types of body motion. The numerical model is verified by comparing it with other numerical simulation results and experimental results. The dynamic characteristics and the wave forces of the box-girder superstructure under the effect of lateral restraining stiffness under the unbroken solitary waves are discussed. The results show that the horizontal and vertical forces on the box-girder superstructure under the action of unbroken solitary waves can be reduced by reducing the lateral restraining stiffness. However, with the decrease in lateral restraining stiffness, the lateral displacement of the box-girder superstructure would increase. Therefore, the lateral restraining stiffness and lateral displacement limit of the box-girder superstructure should be fully considered in practical engineering, and the appropriate lateral restraining stiffness should be selected to reduce the wave forces on the box-girder superstructure under extreme wave action, so as to improve the safety of the coastal box-girder superstructure. It is of great importance to study the interaction between the box-girder superstructure and unbroken solitary waves, which will help to have a deeper understanding to improve the disaster resistance of bridges.
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Veselov, Vitaliy. "Application of Steel-Reinforced Concrete Structures in Bridge Constructions." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 20, no. 3 (September 21, 2023): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-633-644.

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Purpose: To analyze the possible use of combined structures for bridge superstructures, to expand the range of steel-reinforced concrete structures, to explore innovative structural solutions for beams with low material consumption and increased reliability and durability. Methods: Analysis of the advantages of known combined structures, of materials used for their design, calculation of design options of bridge superstructures with the use of existing engineering techniques and involving calculation programs. Results: Traditional design solutions of bridge superstructures do not always have sufficient reliability and durability. A number of effective beam structures have been developed at the Department of “Building Structures, Buildings and Constructions” of the PGUPS, which can be used in bridge structures. New developments of beams with the use of steel-reinforced concrete and steel-fiber concrete are presented. A combined design of the bridge superstructure with the use of steel-reinforced concrete and steel-fiber concrete, protected by patents for inventions, is proposed. Static and constructive calculation of superstructure variants has been performed with the use of the SCAD computing complex, the stress-strain state of the structure has been analyzed, the reduction of material consumption, labor intensity and other advantages of the combined superstructure design in comparison with traditional solutions of superstructure costructions made of steel and reinforced concrete have been considered. Practical significance: The advantages of combined constructions for bridge structures have been identified, a decrease in the material intensity and labor intensity of the proposed design solutions has been established with an increase in the bending stiffness of the superstructure, its reliability and durability. The proposed structural solutions of beams can be used for bridges of large spans in conditions of heavy dynamic loads.
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Majlesi, Arsalan, Adnan Shahriar, Reza Nasouri, Hamid Khodadadi Koodiani, Arturo Montoya, Ao Du, and Adolfo Matamoros. "Digital Filter Design for Force Signals from Eulerian–Lagrangian Analyses of Wave Impact on Bridges." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111751.

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Finite element (FE) models that simulate wave–superstructure interactions with the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) technique provide a viable and economical solution to estimate wave impact forces on bridge superstructures. One of the main drawbacks of CEL FE models is that they produce solutions distorted by numerical artifacts with very high frequencies that make it difficult to quantify the magnitude of hydrodynamic forces on superstructures. This paper investigated digital filter parameters for horizontal forces extracted from CEL FE models. The optimal filter configuration was evaluated by comparing unfiltered and filtered horizontal force signals with experimentally measured values from a reduced-scale superstructure specimen tested at the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory at Oregon State University. It was found that digital filters with cutoff frequencies below the fundamental frequency of the superstructure produced the best results and that optimizing Eulerian–Lagrangian surface interactions significantly improved the quality of the calculated force signals.
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Bin Yusof, Mustafa, and Mohammad Amirul Affiz Bin Afripin. "Effect of Beam Profile Size on Bus Superstructure Strength Having Rollover Crash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.620.

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This paper deals with structural analysis of bus superstructure undergoes rollover event. Bus superstructure with varying beam profile size will undergo rollover simulations analysis. The purpose of this work is to analyze structural response of bus superstructure in terms of deformation, stress and strain under several loadings and constraining conditions. These rollover simulations were run according to United Nation Economic Commission of Europe Regulation 66 (UNECE R66). Validation procedure using simple box modeled undergoes rollover have been done to ensure the results are synchronized with real problem. An interaction with bus coach builder allows author acquired accurate bus superstructure dimensions before designing the mathematical model in finite element analysis software. Three full-scale bus superstructures mathematical model with difference cant-rail horizontal roof beam profile size was developed and the deformation of superstructure during and after rollover testing had been study. Analyses suggested that one of the contributing factors that lead to the failure of bus having rollover accident is cant-rail and roof structure profile size.
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Ge, S. P., and K. H. Kuo. "Ordered γ-brass structures coexisting with the decagonal quasicrystal in a Ga46Fe23Cu23Si8 alloy." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 7 (July 1999): 2799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0374.

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In a moderately rapidly solidified Ga46Fe23Cu23Si8 alloy, a face-centered-cubic (fcc) superstructure (a = 1.78 nm) and a hexagonal superstructure (ahex = 2.18 nm and chex = 0.77 nm), based on the same body-centered-cubic (bcc) γ-brass structure (a = 0.89 nm), were found—by means of micro-area electron diffraction—to coexist with the decagonal quasicrystal. The fcc superstructure is probably similar to one of the F-centered-γ-brass structure and has a parallel orientation relationship with the bcc fundamental structure. The hexagonal superstructure has its (001) parallel to the (111) of the bcc γ-brass structure and its chex = abcc[111]/2, and their lattice correspondence relationship has been derived. Electron diffraction evidence is presented to show that these two superstructures are possibly crystalline approximants of the decagonal quasicrystal.
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Deng, Jie, and Fulin Su. "Ship target recognition based on superstructure matching." E3S Web of Conferences 522 (2024): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452201038.

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The Automatic Target Recognition(ATR) of ship targets based on Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar(ISAR) images plays a significant role in naval warfare.To address the issue that existing superstructure-based recognition methods do not fully use superstructure shape information,we propose a novel automatic ship recognition method based on superstructure matching using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm.Firstly,the superstructures of each class are extracted from ISAR images after preprocessing and preliminary calibration,then the DTW algorithm is used to create the superstructure templates, and eventually the target's class is determined by the DTW distance from the templates.The proposed method is robust to ship deformation from changing aspect angles and requires few training samples per class.The experimental results of applying the technique on real ISAR data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Superstructure"

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Abernathy, Frank Wesley. "Studies on eukaryotic DNA superstructure." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299775340.

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Furner, James. "Marx's Conception of Basis and Superstructure." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486981.

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This study begins with a critique of G. A. Cohen's power-oriented account of the economic 'basis' and his claim that the 'superstructure' is functionally explained. Thereafter, Marx's writings are interrogated in chronological order, focusing on The German Ideology, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte and the Capital volumes and drafts. An alternative interpretation of the basis and superstructure metaphor is proposed in light of a three-way distinction, first outlined in The German Ideology, between material production, customary consciousness and non-economic labour. Material production, the system of interactional production relations, sustains a kind of linguistic reflection by economic agents on their practice which imposes limits on non-economic labour. The 'idealistic superstructure', a term which Marx adopts in response to Stirner's account of 'hierarchy', consists of the formulation and implementation of 'universal' notions. It arises once material production is 'autonomised', only disappearing entirely in 'developed' communism. One may distinguish between the technical autonomisatlon of material production, individuals' perpetuated engagement in a division of labour, and their formal autonomisation, the confinement to an economic class. Technical autonomisation establishes a 'contradiction' between particular and common·interests, which results in conflict, at the same time as it sustains customary beliefs in 'universal' notions whose organised assertion may hold this conflict in check. In the case of modern society, the only specific case Marx outlines, the generalisation of commodity exchange is the root of customary notions of abstract equality and individualistic freedom which provide the resources for the construction of a 'Rechtsstaat'. The French state under Bonaparte is a kind of worst-case scenario of the modem 'Rechtsstaat'
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Hou, Qianqian. "Life Cycle Assessment of Cruising Ship Superstructure." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160456.

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This thesis project was conducted to compare the environmental impacts between two types of material for a superstructure of cruising ship (Norwegian Gem) using life cycle assessment (LCA) methods. With the increasing price of industrial raw materials and finite resources, more and more corporations or manufacturers endeavor in seeking more economical materials and less environmental impacts within the ship building field. In recent years, lightweight composite material has been applied in various industrial fields, for instance, green buildings, aircraft and wind turbine blade. In order to study impacts of steel superstructure and composite material superstructure of the ship, a detail study was conducted which using the comparative LCA method and SimaPro software. Two different superstructures are compared, steel superstructure and sandwich material superstructure. The results showed thatover the life cycle the environmental impacts of sandwich superstructure type are much less than for the steel superstructure. The main contribution of impacts over the life time is operation phase due to fuel consumption. When increasing the waste recycling section for composite structure, the influence on environment has an obvious decrease compared to steel superstructure.
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Dahdah, Tawfiq. "Superstructure optimization of hybrid thermal desalination configurations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85452.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-105).
As the global demand for freshwater continues to increase, a larger number of resources are dedicated to seawater desalination technologies. In areas with high temperature and salinity water, thermal desalination technologies are often employed. In other areas, reverse osmosis technologies are more popular. While both these technologies have witnessed improvements in recent years, economic and performance issues still pose significant barriers to their universal implementation, which has left many countries, including ones bordering oceans and seas, suffering from dire water scarcity issues. This thesis proposes a methodology which enables the identification of improved thermal-based desalination structures. It is based on the notion of superstructure, which allows for the representation of numerous feed, brine and vapor routing schemes. A superstructure is developed. By adjusting the flow routings, the superstructure is capable of representing the common thermal desalination structures, as well as an extremely large number of alternate structures, some of which might exhibit advantageous behavior. The superstructure is built around a repeating unit which is a generalization of an effect in a multi-effect distillation system (MED) and a stage in a multi-stage flash system (MSF). Allowing for just 12 repeating units, more than 1040 different structures can be represented. The superstructure is thus proposed as an ideal tool for the structural optimization of thermal desalination systems, whereby the optimal selection of components making up the final system, the optimal routing of the vapors as well as the optimal operating conditions are all variables simultaneously determined during the optimization problem. The proposed methodology is applicable to both stand-alone desalination plants and dual purpose (water and power) plants wherein the heat source to the desalination plant is fixed. It can be extended to also consider hybrid thermal-mechanical desalination structures, as well as dual purpose plants where the interface of power cycle and desalination is also optimized for. A multi-objective structural optimization of stand-alone thermal desalination structures is performed in Chapter 2, whereby the performance ratio of the structures is maximized while the specific area requirements are minimized. It is found that for any particular distillate production requirement, alternate structures with non-conventional flow patterns require lower heat transfer areas compared to commonly implemented configurations. Examples of these non-conventional configurations are identified, which include a forward feed - forward feed MED structure, involving the integration of two forward feed MED plants. Chapter 3 highlights how the superstructure can be adapted to optimize integrated thermal desalination and thermal compression systems. Specifically, the conducted study investigates whether there is any merit to the thermal compression of vapor streams produced in intermediate MED effects as opposed to the common practice of compressing vapors produced in the last effect. The study concludes that intermediate vapor compression results in significant reductions in area requirements, as well as significant increases in maximum distillate production capacities. Moreover, the study confirms that the optimal location of vapor extraction is heavily dependent on the exact distillate production requirement in question. Two novel configuration forms are informed by the optimization. The first is an integrated MED-TVC + MED + MSF system, while the second is an integrated MED-TVC + MSF system.
by Tawfiq Dahdah.
S.M.
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ANKIT, KUMAR. "SKEW BEHAVIOR IN DESIGN OF STEEL COMPOSITE SUPERSTRUCTURE." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18839.

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The skew effect in a bridge makes the designing and analyzing of bridge more complex. Bridge design is more troublesome by considering skew angle in the engineering community, so there is a requirement to study the effect of skew angle on the skewed bridges such as bending moment, shear force, and other parameters. This investigation based on the effect of skew angle on the design of steel composite super structures in bridges. Four models have been created and have been utilized by using Finite element-based software STAAD PRO V8i. Skew angles are taken as 0, 15, 30, and 45 degrees and all models are exposed to IRC class A, IRC class 70R vehicle and Special Vehicle loading. Results for skewed bridges are in examination with the straight or non-skewed bridges.
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Umair, Shakila. "Environmental Impacts of Fiber Composite Materials : Study on Life Cycle Assessment of Materials used forShip Superstructure." Thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-46483.

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This thesis was conducted to investigate the impacts of fiber composites on theenvironment. Composition, properties and application of fiber compositeswere also studied. On the basis of its application, taking into account previousstudies information was gathered related to impacts of these fiber composites.In order to study impacts of fiber composites in marine application a detailstudy was conducted where using the LCA method and Sima Pro softwarethree ship superstructures of the ship Stena Hollandica were compared. Thesewere steel superstructure, balsawood core superstructure and PVC foamsuperstructure. The results showed that over the lifecycle the impacts of PVCand balsawood superstructure were almost the same and were better than thesteel superstructure. The main contribution of impacts over the lifetime wasdue to the fuel consumed. When only the superstructure was consideredseparately from the life cycle the best choice was balsawood and the PVC foamsuperstructure had the most impacts. Overall it was found that balsawoodcould be considered as the best alternative as a material for the construction ofthis ship superstructure.
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McBride, Kevyn C. "Thermal stresses in the superstructure of integral abutment bridges." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4331.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 131 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-122).
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Kato, Ryoji. "Modelling of Ship Superstructure Icing : Application to Ice Bridge Simulators." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18655.

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Increasing activities on high north regions bring about a demand of safety ship navigation. Under severe weather condition considerable amounts of ice may accumulate on marine structures. Ice bridge simulator is of importance in terms of training for qualified maritime personal. The new ice module to fit for additional problem for the ship icing is introduced with low reality into bridge simulator. Regarding this our aim is to develop ice model that calculate ice load on the ship structure and stability change include parameters of air temperature, relative wind speed, wave height etc. As a result of literature survey theoretical and empirical method with its algorithm is studied. The ice thickness on cylinder and plate as a representative element of the structures are calculated as a function of liquid water content, relative wind speed and freezing fraction for simplified ship superstructures to include the effect of trapped water on deck. Since we have to deal with several thousand of element to be calculated every seconds including iteration process, computer should be used, hence new ice model is proposed by using computer language C++. In case study 300 tonnage size coast guard vessel is selected as a model ship. Under assumptions that those external parameters are stable in the duration of simulation, proposed model is validated. As a result proposed model could simulate total ice load and following stability change, with error of rolling period after 20 hours simulation being 0.14 sec compared to full scale measurement.
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Monzon, Eric V. "Seismic response of isolated bridge superstructure to incoherent ground motions." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1438943.

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Cox, S. "Observation and control of the low temperature superstructure in manganites." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598107.

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The work in this dissertation is focused on the insulating side of the La1-xCaxMnO3 and Pr1-xCaxMnO3 phase diagram, in particular on the low temperature ‘charge ordered’ phase. This phase exhibits a superstructure whose periodicity depends on the doping of the sample, among other factors. Firstly the microscopic nature of the charge ordered phase is probed using a variety of techniques including TEM, heat capacity measurements and neutron diffraction measurements. Secondly, the charge ordered phase is controlled via the manipulation of strain. In the first set of experiments, polycrystalline samples are subject to extrinsic effects, and so although it is possible to observe spatial variations in the superstructure, it is not possible to systematically control possible causes of the variation. By growing thin films it was possible to control the level of strain in the film, which is one of the extrinsic effects. This creates a spatial variation in the superstructure which could be observed. The results of this experiment can then be used to provide insight into the small scale nature of the charge ordering superstructure.
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Books on the topic "Superstructure"

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Power, Mark. Superstructure. London: HarperCollinsIllustrated, 2000.

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Delefosse, Jean. Gros oeuvre: Superstructure. 3rd ed. Paris: Eyrolles, 1990.

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Delefosse, Jean. Gros oeuvre: Superstructure. 3rd ed. Paris: Eyrolles, 1990.

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1936-, Chen Wai-Fah, and Duan Lian, eds. Bridge engineering: Superstructure design. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2003.

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Persis, Singh, ed. Superstructure: Collages and paintings. New York: Brooklyn Arts Press, 2010.

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Peadar, O'Donnell. Monkeys in the superstructure. Galway [Ireland]: Salmon Pub., 1986.

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Hankin, Ted. Base and superstructure in Marxist theory. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

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Canadian Society of Civil Engineers., ed. The superstructure for the Lachine Bridge. [Montréal?: s.n., 1991.

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Markedness: The evaluative superstructure of language. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.

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O'Donnell, Peadar. Monkeys in the superstructure: Reminiscences of Peadar O'Donnell. New Docks, Galway: Salmon Publishing, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Superstructure"

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Keable, Julian, and Rowland Keable. "Superstructure." In Rammed Earth Structures, 72–83. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440668.005.

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Danelinck, Daniela, and Mariano Nicolás Campos. "Superstructure." In The Marx through Lacan Vocabulary, 239–45. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212096-23.

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Okumoto, Yasuhisa, Yu Takeda, Masaki Mano, and Tetsuo Okada. "Superstructure." In Design of Ship Hull Structures, 559–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88445-3_31.

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Patrykiejew, A. "Superstructure Formation." In Computer Simulations of Surfaces and Interfaces, 315–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0173-1_18.

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Farrell, Gerard. "Cultural Superstructure." In The 'Mere Irish' and the Colonisation of Ulster, 1570-1641, 93–151. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59363-0_4.

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Holm, Len, and John E. Schaufelberger. "Concrete superstructure." In Construction Cost Estimating, 80–91. First edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. | Substantial re-write from previous estimating text: Construction Cost Estimating, Process and Practices by Holm, Schaufelberger, Griffin, and Cole; Pearson, 2005.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003023494-9.

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Foster, Douglas. "Infrastructure and Superstructure." In Travel and Tourism Management, 172–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17946-6_6.

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Chadwick, Eleanor. "A Flexible Superstructure." In Historically Responsive Storytelling, 73–112. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003090298-4.

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Wetherly, Paul. "Base and Superstructure." In Marxism and the State, 109–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230514614_5.

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Häring, Norbert, and Lucas Zeise. "Economics as Superstructure." In Who Runs the Economy?, 31–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58017-7_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Superstructure"

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Lin, Hong-song, Xue-yi Liu, Hua Yan, and Juan-Juan Ren. "Long-Term Behavior and Performance of Ballastless Track Superstructure on China’s Suining-Chongqing Railway Line." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36179.

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This paper briefly shows the experimental ballastless track section of Suining-Chongqing railway line in southwest China, which was designed by China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd (CREEC) and was put into operation in 2007. The design speed of the experimental section amounts to 200 km/h for passenger trains and 120 km/h for freight trains, which is the first railway line built with such speed in southwest of China. The long-term observations of the performance of the ballastless track superstructures were implemented in the past three years, which are introduced in details in this paper, such as the performance of reinforced concrete slab with lattice two-block sleepers, coupled or uncoupled prefabricated slab-superstructure etc. Ballastless track superstructures’ damages are summarized and classified. In addition, causes of damaged cracks on track superstructure are discussed.
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Ryerson, C. C., and S. T. Tripp. "Managing Offshore Superstructure Icing." In OTC Arctic Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/24663-ms.

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Hertzberg, T., and A. Hedlund-Astrom. "The Composite Superstructure Concept." In Ship Design & Operation for Environmental Sustainability. RINA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.es.2010.16.

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Farouk, Hany, and Mohamed Farouk. "Soil, Foundation, and Superstructure Interaction (II): Superstructure and Foundations’ Tie Beams Analyses." In IFCEE 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479087.006.

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Sleiman, Martin, Mikael Johansson, and Anders Claesson. "Timber and concrete hybrid superstructures – a potential step towards sustainability?" In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1280.

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<p>Timber is a renewable material having a lower carbon-footprint than conventional concrete and steel. Hence, timber would be a good choice of material to minimize the carbon-footprint of a building. Superstructures of pure timber are, however, cumbersome to use for multistory purposes</p><p>– timber is simply too light to stabilize the building properly. Hence, the interest in timber and concrete/steel hybrid structures is increasing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential savings of CO2 emissions in the design of a multistory residential building - this by using timber and concrete in its superstructure instead of only concrete and concurrently ensuring global stability. The study is performed on an existing 17-story residential building with a pure concrete superstructure: The results indicate that the carbon-footprint of the building in question could have been reduced by 48% if a hybrid superstructure had been used instead.</p>
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Sleiman, Martin, Mikael Johansson, and Anders Claesson. "Timber and concrete hybrid superstructures – a potential step towards sustainability?" In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1280.

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<p>Timber is a renewable material having a lower carbon-footprint than conventional concrete and steel. Hence, timber would be a good choice of material to minimize the carbon-footprint of a building. Superstructures of pure timber are, however, cumbersome to use for multistory purposes</p><p>– timber is simply too light to stabilize the building properly. Hence, the interest in timber and concrete/steel hybrid structures is increasing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential savings of CO2 emissions in the design of a multistory residential building - this by using timber and concrete in its superstructure instead of only concrete and concurrently ensuring global stability. The study is performed on an existing 17-story residential building with a pure concrete superstructure: The results indicate that the carbon-footprint of the building in question could have been reduced by 48% if a hybrid superstructure had been used instead.</p>
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Bespyatykh, Yu, I. Dikshtein, Zhen-ya Li, and W. Wasilewski. "Magtnetoelastic superstructure in feromagnetic film." In IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.1999.837882.

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Rui, Deng, Li Chao, Dong Guo-xiang, Cai Wen-shan, Lu Ze-hua, and Xiang Xu. "Optimization of the Superstructure and Forecastle Fairing of a Container Ship." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61256.

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Wind resistance is an important part of the container ship compared with the other types of commercial vessels because of the containers piled on the deck, and it is significant to investigate the wind load of the container ship and the approach to minimize it in order to reduce the wind resistance and save energy. Two approaches are adopted in the investigation to minimize the wind load, the first one of which is smoothing the corners of the superstructure while the second one is adding a forecastle fairing in the front of the deck. Three different superstructures and six different fairings are designed and tested with the ship in the wind tunnel. It is suggested by the comparison of the experimental results that the optimization of the superstructure and forecastle fairing is helpful in wind resistance reduction.
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Kalli, K., C. Koutsides, E. Davies, M. Komodromos, D. J. Webb, and L. Zhang. "Femtosecond laser inscribed superstructure fibre gratings." In 21st International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS21). SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.885994.

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Li, Qingyu, Sebastian Krapf, Lichao Mou, Yilei Shi, and Xiao Xiang Zhu. "Roof Superstructure Detection from Aerial Imagery." In IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss52108.2023.10283139.

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Reports on the topic "Superstructure"

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Sekutowicz, J. Test of Two NB Superstructure Prototypes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826870.

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Ryerson, Charles C., and Anthony J. Gow. Ship Superstructure Icing: Crystalline and Physical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada381910.

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Frosch, Robert, David Blackman, and Roger Radabaugh. Investigation of Bridge Deck Cracking in Various Bridge Superstructure Systems. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313257.

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Bradner, Chris. Large–Scale Laboratory Observations of Wave Forces on a Highway Bridge Superstructure. Portland State University Library, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.81.

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Netid, Mihai. CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF DEFORMATION-EXPANSION JOINTS OF BRIDGES WITH SIMPLE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS SUPERSTRUCTURE. Intellectual Archive, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2074.

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Baboi, Nicoleta. Analysis of the HOM Damping with Modulated Beam in the First Prototype of Superstructure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815254.

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Baboi, Nicoleta. Cold- and Beam Test of the First Prototypes of the Superstructure for the TESLA Collider. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815257.

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Netid, Mihai. GENERAL TRENDS IN THE EXECUTION OF DEFORMATION JOINTS AT THE ROAD BRIDGES WITH THE SIMPLE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS SUPERSTRUCTURE. Intellectual Archive, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2073.

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Emelyanov, I. I. Method for the synthesis of optimal distributed heat exchange networks of chemical processes based on the superstructure of series-parallel topology. OFERNIO, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.2020.24743.

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Mojidra, Rushil, and Keri Ryan. Influence of Vertical Ground Motion on Bridges Isolated with Spherical Sliding Bearings. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/rynq3624.

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The motivation for this project developed from testing of a full scale building isolated with triple friction pendulum bearings on the E-defense shake table in Japan. The test demonstrated experimentally that the vertical component of ground motion can amplify both the base shear and the story acceleration in the isolated building. Vertical shaking introduced high-frequency variation in the axial force of the bearings, and, consequently, a high-frequency component in the bearing lateral force, which excited higher structural modes in the building. Since vertical bridges are flexible in the vertical direction because of long spans, similar effects may be observed in bridges. The objectives of this study are to develop a physical understanding of the amplification of responses and develop a simplified method to predict amplification of base shear in three-dimensional (3D) shaking relative to two-dimensional (2D) shaking, for bridges isolated with spherical sliding bearings. A series of ground motions with a wide range of vertical shaking intensity were applied to 3D models of bridges isolated with triple pendulum bearings (TPBs), both excluding the vertical component (2D motion) and including the vertical component (3D motion). This enabled the comparison of the bridge response under 2D and 3D shaking such that the direct effect of vertical shaking could be investigated. The selected ground motions were fit to target spectra in the horizontal and vertical directions, and divided into three groups based on vertical peak ground acceleration (PGAV). Multi-span concrete box girder bridges were selected for this study, as they are a prominent bridge type in California, and are suitable for seismic isolation. Models were developed for a 3-span, 45-ft wide, multi-column Base Model bridge; various superstructure and isolation-system parameter variations were implemented to evaluate the effect of these variations on the amplification of base shear. Response histories were compared for a representative motion from each ground-motion group under 2D and 3D shaking. Modal and spectral analyses were conducted to understand dynamic properties and behavior of the bridge under vertical motion. Based on simplified theory, a method to estimate the amplification of base shear due to vertical shaking was developed. The accuracy of the simplified method was assessed through a base shear normalized error metric, and different amplification factors were considered. Response history analysis showed significant amplification of base shear under 3D motion implying that exclusion of vertical component could lead to under estimation of demand shear forces on bridge piers. Deck acceleration spectral response at different locations revealed that a transverse-vertical modal coupling response was present in the Base Model bridge, which led to amplification of deck accelerations in addition to base shear due to excitation of the superstructure transverse mode. The simplified method predicted that in addition to the peak vertical ground acceleration base shear amplification depended on the isolation-system period (radius of curvature) and friction coefficient. The error in the simplified method was approximately constant across the range of isolation-system parameters. Variations in the bridge superstructure or substructure modeling parameters had only a minor effect on the base shear since the deck acts as a single mass sliding on isolators; therefore, the simplified method can be applied to a range of bridge models. The simplified method includes an amplification factor that indirectly represents the dynamic amplification of vertical acceleration from the ground to the isolation system. An amplification factor of 1.0 was found to be sufficiently conservative to estimate the base shear due to 3D shaking. The lack of apparent dynamic amplification could mean that the peak vertical acceleration is out-of-phase with the base shear. The simplified method is more likely to be unconservative for high-intensity vertical ground motions due to the complexities associated with uplift and pounding. Further investigation is recommended to determine the threshold shaking intensity limit for the simplified method.
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