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Journal articles on the topic 'Supersonic cluster beam deposition'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Balm, S. P., R. A. Hallett, A. W. Allaf, A. J. Stace, and H. W. Kroto. "OPTICAL EMISSION FROM CARBON CLUSTERS IN A SUPERSONIC EXPANSION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, no. 23n24 (December 1992): 3757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797929200181x.

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The optical emission from electronically excited carbon clusters in a supersonic expansion of a laser vaporisation molecular cluster beam experiment is probed using photography, carbon deposition pattern recording and low resolution optical spectroscopy. The observed intensity distributions are highly non-uniform and sensitive to experimental parameters. They have important consequences for the intensities of cluster beams extracted from these expansions.

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2

Barborini, E., I. N. Kholmanov, A. M. Conti, P. Piseri, S. Vinati, P. Milani, and C. Ducati. "Supersonic cluster beam deposition of nanostructured titania." European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 24, no. 1-3 (June 1, 2003): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2003-00189-2.

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3

Bongiorno, G., C. Lenardi, C. Ducati, R. G. Agostino, T. Caruso, M. Amati, M. Blomqvist, et al. "Nanocrystalline Metal/Carbon Composites Produced by Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1072–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2005.161.

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4

Fraters, Bindikt D., Emanuele Cavaliere, Guido Mul, and Luca Gavioli. "Synthesis of photocatalytic TiO2 nano-coatings by supersonic cluster beam deposition." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 615 (December 2014): S467—S471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.12.037.

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5

Milani, P., E. Barborini, P. Piseri, C. E. Bottani, A. C. Ferrari, and A. Li Bassi. "Nanostructured carbon films from supersonic cluster beam deposition: structure and morphology." European Physical Journal D 9, no. 1 (December 1999): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530050400.

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6

Bontempi, Nicolò, Emanuele Cavaliere, Valentina Cappello, Pasqualantonio Pingue, and Luca Gavioli. "Ag@TiO2 nanogranular films by gas phase synthesis as hybrid SERS platforms." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 45 (2019): 25090–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03998h.

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The synthesis of hybrid metallic-dielectric substrates as reliable SERS platforms relies on core–shell nanoparticles, obtained by supersonic beam deposition cluster technique, with an outer dielectric shell composed of TiO₂ and an inner core of Ag.

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7

Barborini, E., G. Bongiorno, A. Forleo, L. Francioso, P. Milani, I. N. Kholmanov, P. Piseri, P. Siciliano, A. M. Taurino, and S. Vinati. "Thermal annealing effect on nanostructured TiO2 microsensors by supersonic cluster beam deposition." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 111-112 (November 2005): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.07.049.

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8

Bruzzi, M., P. Piseri, E. Barborini, G. Benedek, and P. Milani. "Electrical conduction in nanostructured carbon films produced by supersonic cluster beam deposition." Diamond and Related Materials 10, no. 3-7 (March 2001): 989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-9635(00)00611-7.

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9

Della Foglia, Flavio, Tonia Losco, Paolo Piseri, Paolo Milani, and Elena Selli. "Photocatalytic activity of nanostructured TiO2 films produced by supersonic cluster beam deposition." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 11, no. 6 (July 7, 2009): 1339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9691-1.

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10

Bettini, L. G., P. Piseri, F. De Giorgio, C. Arbizzani, P. Milani, and F. Soavi. "Flexible, ionic liquid-based micro-supercapacitor produced by supersonic cluster beam deposition." Electrochimica Acta 170 (July 2015): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.068.

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11

Benetti, Giulio, Emanuele Cavaliere, Francesco Banfi, and Luca Gavioli. "Antimicrobial Nanostructured Coatings: A Gas Phase Deposition and Magnetron Sputtering Perspective." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030784.

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Counteracting the spreading of multi-drug-resistant pathogens, taking place through surface-mediated cross-contamination, is amongst the higher priorities in public health policies. For these reason an appropriate design of antimicrobial nanostructured coatings may allow to exploit different antimicrobial mechanisms pathways, to be specifically activated by tailoring the coatings composition and morphology. Furthermore, their mechanical properties are of the utmost importance in view of the antimicrobial surface durability. Indeed, the coating properties might be tuned differently according to the specific synthesis method. The present review focuses on nanoparticle based bactericidal coatings obtained via magneton-spattering and supersonic cluster beam deposition. The bacteria–NP interaction mechanisms are first reviewed, thus making clear the requirements that a nanoparticle-based film should meet in order to serve as a bactericidal coating. Paradigmatic examples of coatings, obtained by magnetron sputtering and supersonic cluster beam deposition, are discussed. The emphasis is on widening the bactericidal spectrum so as to be effective both against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, while ensuring a good adhesion to a variety of substrates and mechanical durability. It is discussed how this goal may be achieved combining different elements into the coating.

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12

Peli, Simone, Emanuele Cavaliere, Giulio Benetti, Marco Gandolfi, Mirco Chiodi, Claudia Cancellieri, Claudio Giannetti, Gabriele Ferrini, Luca Gavioli, and Francesco Banfi. "Mechanical Properties of Ag Nanoparticle Thin Films Synthesized by Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120, no. 8 (February 22, 2016): 4673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00160.

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13

Dotan, Tali, Yuval Berg, Lorenzo Migliorini, Sara Moon Villa, Tommaso Santaniello, Paolo Milani, and Yosi Shacham-Diamand. "Soft and flexible gold microelectrodes by supersonic cluster beam deposition and femtosecond laser processing." Microelectronic Engineering 237 (January 2021): 111478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2020.111478.

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14

Marelli, Mattia, Giorgio Divitini, Cristian Collini, Luca Ravagnan, Gabriele Corbelli, Cristian Ghisleri, Antonella Gianfelice, Cristina Lenardi, Paolo Milani, and Leandro Lorenzelli. "Flexible and biocompatible microelectrode arrays fabricated by supersonic cluster beam deposition on SU-8." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 21, no. 4 (March 10, 2011): 045013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/21/4/045013.

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15

Gavioli, L., and M. Sancrotti. "Carbon-Based and Other Nanostructures Obtained via Cluster-Assembling: A View Combining Electron Spectroscopies and Nanospectroscopies." Advances in Science and Technology 51 (October 2006): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.51.81.

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This work will provide an overview of recent experiments devoted to study the nature and properties of materials obtained in situ via cluster-assembling, by using supersonic cluster beam deposition. This technique has proved to be a powerful tool for assembling nanostructured materials with tailored physical properties, in particular for: 1) carbon-based clusters deposited in situ on appropriate substrates in Ultra High Vacuum compatible conditions; 2) a micro-structured pattern based on pristine carbon-based dots and then promoted to the formation of SiC via in situ thermal annealing; 3) thermo-chemically doped nanostructured TiO2, revealing the possibility to control the band gap of this material. The electronic structure of the systems has been studied combining a wide variety of experimental methods, including valence-band and core-level photoemission, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, Scanning Auger Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy.

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16

Bruzzi, M., P. Piseri, S. Miglio, G. Bongiorno, E. Barborini, C. Ducati, J. Robertson, and P. Milani. "Electrical conduction in nanostructured carbon and carbon-metal films grown by supersonic cluster beam deposition." European Physical Journal B 36, no. 1 (November 2003): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00311-4.

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17

Podestà, Alessandro, Francesca Borghi, Marco Indrieri, Simone Bovio, Claudio Piazzoni, and Paolo Milani. "Nanomanufacturing of titania interfaces with controlled structural and functional properties by supersonic cluster beam deposition." Journal of Applied Physics 118, no. 23 (December 21, 2015): 234309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937549.

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18

Gebreyes, Wondimu A., Lorenzo Migliorini, Federico Pezzotta, Yosi Shacham-Diamand, Tommaso Santaniello, and Paolo Milani. "An integrated fluidic electrochemical sensor manufactured using fused filament fabrication and supersonic cluster beam deposition." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 301 (January 2020): 111706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.111706.

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19

Della Foglia, Flavio, Gian Luca Chiarello, Maria Vittoria Dozzi, Paolo Piseri, Luca Giacomo Bettini, Simone Vinati, Caterina Ducati, Paolo Milani, and Elena Selli. "Hydrogen production by photocatalytic membranes fabricated by supersonic cluster beam deposition on glass fiber filters." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39, no. 25 (August 2014): 13098–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.06.088.

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20

Tanhai, Mohammad Hossein, Shahyar Saramad, and Peyman Nayebi. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanocluster Formation in a Supersonic Nano Nozzle Fabricated by Anodizing the Aluminum." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.813.

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A molecular dynamics method has been developed and applied for simulation of a supersonic Ne gas expansion through a convergingdiverging nozzle. Although the classical nucleation theory is able to explain some physics of the nucleation processes, however, due to the physical inaccuracy of the classical nucleation theory for small clusters, molecular dynamic method is more usable for studying gas flows having clusters. Pressure, flow velocity, temperature were parameters that extracted by MD method along the central x-axis. The nucleation and condensation of the clusters and their transient and equilibrium behavior are other parameters that are investigated in this simulation. The results show that although with suitable conditions the formation of clusters in a nanonozzle is possible, but the size of clusters is much smaller than its counterpart in macro scale and clusters with especial magic numbers are formed. The proposed novel method for fabrication this kind of nanonozzle is multi-step anodizing of the aluminum. This nanonozzle which can be fabricated experimentally can be used in Ionized Cluster Beam Deposition (ICBD) method.

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21

Caruso, Francesco, Andrea Bellacicca, and Paolo Milani. "High-throughput shadow mask printing of passive electrical components on paper by supersonic cluster beam deposition." Applied Physics Letters 108, no. 16 (April 18, 2016): 163501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4947281.

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22

Chiappini, C., P. Piseri, S. Vinati, and P. Milani. "Supersonic cluster beam deposition of nanostructured thin films with uniform thickness via continuously graded exposure control." Review of Scientific Instruments 78, no. 6 (June 2007): 066105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2746824.

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23

Bruzzi, M., S. Miglio, M. Scaringella, G. Bongiorno, P. Piseri, A. Podesta’, and P. Milani. "First study of humidity sensors based on nanostructured carbon films produced by supersonic cluster beam deposition." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 100, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2003.12.046.

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24

Piazzoni, C., M. Buttery, M. R. Hampson, E. W. Roberts, C. Ducati, C. Lenardi, F. Cavaliere, P. Piseri, and P. Milani. "Tribological coatings for complex mechanical elements produced by supersonic cluster beam deposition of metal dichalcogenide nanoparticles." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 48, no. 26 (May 29, 2015): 265302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/26/265302.

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25

Bellacicca, Andrea, Tommaso Santaniello, and Paolo Milani. "Embedding electronics in 3D printed structures by combining fused filament fabrication and supersonic cluster beam deposition." Additive Manufacturing 24 (December 2018): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.09.010.

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26

Previdi, Anita, Claudio Piazzoni, Francesca Borghi, Carsten Schulte, Leandro Lorenzelli, Flavio Giacomozzi, Alessio Bucciarelli, et al. "Micropatterning of Substrates for the Culture of Cell Networks by Stencil-Assisted Additive Nanofabrication." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010094.

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The fabrication of in vitro neuronal cell networks where cells are chemically or electrically connected to form functional circuits with useful properties is of great interest. Standard cell culture substrates provide ensembles of cells that scarcely reproduce physiological structures since their spatial organization and connectivity cannot be controlled. Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition (SCBD) has been used as an effective additive method for the large-scale fabrication of interfaces with extracellular matrix-mimicking surface nanotopography and reproducible morphological properties for cell culture. Due to the high collimation of SCBD, it is possible to exploit stencil masks for the fabrication of patterned films and reproduce features as small as tens of micrometers. Here, we present a protocol to fabricate micropatterned cell culture substrates based on the deposition of nanostructured cluster-assembled zirconia films by stencil-assisted SCBD. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by the fabrication of micrometric patterns able to confine primary astrocytes. Calcium waves propagating in the astrocyte networks are shown.

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27

Ravagnan, Luca, Giorgio Divitini, Sara Rebasti, Mattia Marelli, Paolo Piseri, and Paolo Milani. "Poly(methyl methacrylate)–palladium clusters nanocomposite formation by supersonic cluster beam deposition: a method for microstructured metallization of polymer surfaces." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 42, no. 8 (March 26, 2009): 082002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/8/082002.

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28

SIVIERO, F., N. COPPEDE, A. PALLAORO, A. TAURINO, T. TOCCOLI, P. SICILIANO, and S. IANNOTTA. "Hybrid n-TiO2-CuPc gas sensors sensitive to reducing species, synthesized by cluster and supersonic beam deposition." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 126, no. 1 (September 20, 2007): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2006.11.050.

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29

Castiglioni, Sara, Laura Locatelli, Alessandra Cazzaniga, Francesca Maria Orecchio, Tommaso Santaniello, Claudio Piazzoni, Lionel Bureau, Francesca Borghi, Paolo Milani, and Jeanette A. Maier. "Cluster-Assembled Zirconia Substrates Accelerate the Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050801.

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Due to their high mechanical strength and good biocompatibility, nanostructured zirconia surfaces (ns-ZrOx) are widely used for bio-applications. Through supersonic cluster beam deposition, we produced ZrOx films with controllable roughness at the nanoscale, mimicking the morphological and topographical properties of the extracellular matrix. We show that a 20 nm ns-ZrOx surface accelerates the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (bMSCs) by increasing the deposition of calcium in the extracellular matrix and upregulating some osteogenic differentiation markers. bMSCs seeded on 20 nm ns-ZrOx show randomly oriented actin fibers, changes in nuclear morphology, and a reduction in mitochondrial transmembrane potential when compared to the cells cultured on flat zirconia (flat-ZrO2) substrates and glass coverslips used as controls. Additionally, an increase in ROS, known to promote osteogenesis, was detected after 24 h of culture on 20 nm ns-ZrOx. All the modifications induced by the ns-ZrOx surface are rescued after the first hours of culture. We propose that ns-ZrOx-induced cytoskeletal remodeling transmits signals generated by the extracellular environment to the nucleus, with the consequent modulation of the expression of genes controlling cell fate.

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30

Cavaliere, Emanuele, Giulio Benetti, Margriet Van Bael, Naomi Winckelmans, Sara Bals, and Luca Gavioli. "Exploring the Optical and Morphological Properties of Ag and Ag/TiO2 Nanocomposites Grown by Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition." Nanomaterials 7, no. 12 (December 13, 2017): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano7120442.

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31

Coppedè, N., M. Nardi, T. Toccoli, M. Tonezzer, F. Siviero, V. Micheli, A. C. Mayer, and S. Iannotta. "Solid state dye sensitized solar cells based on supersonic beam deposition of organic, inorganic cluster assembled, and nanohybrid materials." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 2, no. 5 (September 2010): 053106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3501337.

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32

MILNE, W. I., J. ROBERTSON, B. S. SATYANARAYANA, and A. HART. "FIELD EMISSION FROM CARBON FILMS GROWN BY THE CATHODIC ARC PROCESS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 02n03 (January 30, 2000): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200000303.

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By using the catholic vacuum are deposition process, carbon films with variable sp 3/ sp 2 bonding ratio can be deposited on a variety of substrates at room temperature. The morphology of the films can be varied from the mirror like smooth tetrahedrally bonded carbon (ta-C) films through nanocluster to fibrous type carbon by altering the deposition parameters. This paper reviews the work carried out on Field Emission from such carbon films and compares the results with those on nanocluster films prepared using supersonic cluster beams. Threshold fields as low as 1 V /μ m with emission site densities of up to 104-105/ cm 2 have been obtained.

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33

Piazzoni, C., M. Blomqvist, A. Podestà, G. Bardizza, M. Bonati, P. Piseri, P. Milani, et al. "Nanocomposite TiN films with embedded MoS2 inorganic fullerenes produced by combining supersonic cluster beam deposition with cathodic arc reactive evaporation." Applied Physics A 90, no. 1 (October 3, 2007): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-4292-2.

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34

Milana, Edoardo, Tommaso Santaniello, Paolo Azzini, Lorenzo Migliorini, and Paolo Milani. "Fabrication of High-Aspect-Ratio Cylindrical Micro-Structures Based on Electroactive Ionogel/Gold Nanocomposite." Applied Nano 1, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applnano1010005.

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We present a fabrication process to realize 3D high-aspect-ratio cylindrical micro-structures of soft ionogel/gold nanocomposites by combining replica molding and Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition (SCBD). Cylinders’ metallic masters (0.5 mm in diameter) are used to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds, where the ionogel is casted and UV cured. The replicated ionogel cylinders (aspect ratio > 20) are subsequently metallized through SCBD to integrate nanostructured gold electrodes (150 nm thick) into the polymer. Nanocomposite thin films are characterized in terms of electrochemical properties, exhibiting large double layer capacitance (24 μF/cm2) and suitable ionic conductivity (0.05 mS/cm) for charge transport across the network. Preliminary actuation tests show that the nanocomposite is able to respond to low intensity electric fields (applied voltage from 2.5 V to 5 V), with potential applications for the development of artificial smart micro-structures with motility behavior inspired by that of natural ciliate systems.

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35

Martinez Medina, J. E., D. Arl, A. M. Philippe, P. Grysan, J. Guillot, C. Vergne, and E. Barborini. "Nanostructured nickel films by supersonic cluster beam deposition: Morphology, oxidation, and clues of hollow structures by Kirkendall effect at room temperature." Vacuum 211 (May 2023): 111930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2023.111930.

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36

Eliezer, S., and J. M. Martínez-Val. "Proton–boron-11 fusion reactions induced by heat-detonation burning waves." Laser and Particle Beams 16, no. 4 (December 1998): 581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600011411.

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Proton-boron-11 is the clean fusion reactionpar excellence, but it is very difficult to exploit it because of the very high ignition temperature of this reaction and its moderate fusion yield. In this paper, a proposal is made to induce these reactions by a heat-detonation wave that expands across a compressed target. The front of the wave has a double-layer structure, with a first front driven by electron heat conduction and a second front heated by α-particle energy deposition. Both fronts create a hot plasma where the stopping power is dominated by ions. The wave is originated by an ignitor triggered by an ultraintense lightning beam. This beam can be made of photons (laser), plasma (ramjets), or ions (proton beams, borane clusters). Proton beam shots of 1022. W/cm2and several GA for some picoseconds would be needed for this purpose. The supersonic propagation of the fusion wave and the ignitor requirements are analyzed in this paper. The main conclusion is that the burning wave can only propagate if a substantial fraction of the radiation losses from the already burning fuel is reabsorbed in the colder fuel. It is calculated that for densities larger than few thousands g/cm3most of the bremsstrahlung radiation created in the hot plasma can be reabsorbed by the Compton effect in a region of 1 g/cm2optical thickness of the surrounding compressed and cold fuel.

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37

Balzano, Vincenzo, Emanuele Cavaliere, Mattia Fanetti, Sandra Gardonio, and Luca Gavioli. "The Role of Substrate on Thermal Evolution of Ag/TiO2 Nanogranular Thin Films." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092253.

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In multicomponent thin films, properties and functionalities related to post-deposition annealing treatments, such as thermal stability, optical absorption and surface morphology are typically rationalized, neglecting the role of the substrate. Here, we show the role of the substrate in determining the temperature dependent behaviour of a paradigmatic two-component nanogranular thin film (Ag/TiO2) deposited by gas phase supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD) on silica and sapphire. Up to 600 °C, no TiO2 grain growth nor crystallization is observed, likely inhibited by the Zener pinning pressure exerted by the Ag nanoparticles on the TiO2 grain boundaries. Above 600 °C, grain coalescence, formation of However, the two substrates steer the evolution of the film morphology and optical properties in two different directions. anatase and rutile phases and drastic modification of the optical absorption are observed. On silica, Ag is still present as NPs distributed into the TiO2 matrix, while on sapphire, hundreds of nm wide Ag aggregates appear on the film surface. Moreover, the silica-deposited film shows a broad absorption band in the visible range while the sapphire-deposited film becomes almost transparent for wavelengths above 380 nm. We discuss this result in terms of substrate differences in thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and Ag diffusivity. The study of the substrate role during annealing is possible since SCBD allows the synthesis of the same film independently of the substrate, and suggests new perspectives on the thermodynamics and physical exchanges between thin films and their substrates during heat treatments.

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38

Valerini, Daniele, Loredana Tammaro, Giovanni Vigliotta, Enrica Picariello, Francesco Banfi, Emanuele Cavaliere, Luca Ciambriello, and Luca Gavioli. "Ag Functionalization of Al-Doped ZnO Nanostructured Coatings on PLA Substrate for Antibacterial Applications." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121238.

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Developing smart, environmentally friendly, and effective antibacterial surfaces is fundamental to contrast the diffusion of human infections and diseases for applications in the biomedical and food packaging sectors. To this purpose, here we combine aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and Ag to grow nanostructured composite coatings on bioplastic polylactide (PLA) substrates. The AZO layers are grown by RF magnetron sputtering, and then functionalized with Ag in atomic form by RF magnetron sputtering and in form of nanoparticles by supersonic cluster beam deposition. We compare the morphology, wettability, and antimicrobial performance of the nanostructured coatings obtained by the two methods. The different growth modes in the two techniques used for Ag functionalization are found to produce some differences in the surface morphology, which, however, do not induce significant differences in the wettability and antimicrobial response of the coatings. The antibacterial activity is investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as representatives of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. A preferential antimicrobial action of Ag on the first species and of AZO on the second one is evidenced. Through their combination, we obtain a hybrid composite coating taking advantage of the synergistic dual action of the two materials deposited, with a total bacterial suppression within few minutes for the first species and few hours for the second one, thus representing a valuable solution as a wide-spectrum bactericidal device.

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39

Knauer, W. "Ionized cluster beam deposition." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 6, no. 1 (January 1988): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.583973.

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40

Takagi, Toshinori. "Ionized cluster beam deposition." Kobunshi 36, no. 4 (1987): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.36.274.

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41

Gatz, P., and O. F. Hagena. "Cluster beam deposition: Optimization of the cluster beam source." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 13, no. 4 (July 1995): 2128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.579530.

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42

Milani, P., P. Piseri, E. Barborini, L. Diederich, A. Podesta', and Salvatore Iannotta. "Supersonic Cluster Beam Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials." Materials Science Forum 343-346 (May 2000): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.343-346.519.

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43

Milani, P., P. Piseri, E. Barborini, L. Diederich, A. Podesta', and Salvatore Iannotta. "Supersonic Cluster Beam Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 8 (May 2000): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.8.519.

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Yamada, I., and T. Takagi. "Metallization by ionized cluster beam deposition." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 34, no. 5 (May 1987): 1018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-ed.1987.23038.

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Fuchs, G., C. Montandon, M. Treilleux, J. Dumas, B. Cabaud, P. Melinon, and A. Hoareau. "Low-energy Bi cluster beam deposition." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 26, no. 7 (July 14, 1993): 1114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/26/7/017.

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Min, Han, Wang Zhaoye, Chen Pingping, Yu Shengwen, and Wang Guanghou. "Mechanism of neutral cluster beam deposition." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 135, no. 1-4 (February 1998): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(97)00635-6.

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Granneman, E. H. A. "Ionized-cluster beam deposition and epitaxy." Microelectronic Engineering 10, no. 2 (January 1990): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9317(90)90006-f.

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Hirayama, Takato, Atsuko Kanehira, and Ichiro Arakawa. "Supersonic cluster beam source using a differential cryopumping system." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 4 (April 1993): 962–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144150.

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Bettini, Luca Giacomo, Andrea Bellacicca, Paolo Piseri, and Paolo Milani. "Supersonic cluster beam printing of carbon microsupercapacitors on paper." Flexible and Printed Electronics 2, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 025002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/aa699c.

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Yang, S. N., and T. M. Lu. "Ar-cluster-size distribution in a supersonic jet beam." Physical Review B 35, no. 13 (May 1, 1987): 6944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.35.6944.

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