Journal articles on the topic 'Superpage support'
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Park, Cheol Ho, and Daeyeon Park. "Aggressive superpage support with the shadow memory and the partial-subblock TLB." Microprocessors and Microsystems 25, no. 7 (October 2001): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-9331(01)00125-9.
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Navarro, Juan, Sitararn Iyer, Peter Druschel, and Alan Cox. "Practical, transparent operating system support for superpages." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 36, SI (December 31, 2002): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/844128.844138.
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Talluri, Madhusudhan, and Mark D. Hill. "Surpassing the TLB performance of superpages with less operating system support." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/195470.195531.
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Talluri, Madhusudhan, and Mark D. Hill. "Surpassing the TLB performance of superpages with less operating system support." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 28, no. 5 (December 1994): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/381792.195531.
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Ali Hussain, Ghassan M., Mohammed A. G. Abdulaziz, Zheng N. Xiang, and Mohammed A. Al-Hammadi. "Asphalt Binder Performance Grading for the Republic of Yemen Based on Superpave Asphalt Mix-Design." Open Civil Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502014010365.
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Background: The asphalt binder is considered a temperature-sensitive viscoelastic material. Temperature can cause some common distress of asphalt pavement, such as rutting (permanent deformation), which correlated with high-temperature environments, and thermal cracking, which correlated with low-temperature environments. Objective: This study aimed to establish asphalt binder Performance Grades (PGs) in the Yemeni region to ensure that the asphalt pavement design can effectively resist the distresses of rutting and cracking that occurred due to seasonal temperature changes. Methods: In order to determine the performance grades, the temperature zoning was performed by obtaining the last 10 years temperature data of 19 cities in Yemen gathered by the Yemeni Meteorological Authority. The collected data were analyzed based on the trend and statistical reliability. Three air-pavement temperature prediction models of Superpave, LTPP, and Oman model were used to predict air pavement temperatures. The local performance grades were computed using reliability levels of 50% and 98%. Since the dependent variables of latitude in the Superpave equation can more reflect the geographical locations of Yemeni regions rather than the other models, this study strongly approved the SHARP Superpave model to be used to determine the performance grades. Results: Based on the Superpave model with reliability analyses, performance grade maps were drawn. The most common performance grades recommended in this study for low traffic volume roads were PG64-10, and PG52-10. Conclusion: The findings of this study are highly significant and provide valuable decision support for pavement management and improve the transportation system in the Republic of Yemen.
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Liu, Ai Qing, Jian Zhang, Peng Cheng, and Yu Hai Zhang. "Numerical Simulation on the Effect of Compound Roof Separation Position on Bolting Performance." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1638.
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Prestress is a key parameter in bolting, while the cohesive force of layers in the compound roof strata is low and prone to separation, causing the prestress proliferation very poor. With the method of numerical simulation analysis,the location of separation in compound roof to affect the performance of bolting support was researched. It is concluded the roof separation in the edge of anchorage zone, the prestress field superpose, but is away from the deep surrounding rock and shows poor stability,however the role of cable can make up for the defect of rockbolts support. It has been found the highly prestressed strength bolting system adapts to the compound roof.
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Hall, Kevin D., Satish K. Dandu, and Gary V. Gowda. "Effect of Specimen Size on Compaction and Volumetric Properties in Gyratory Compacted Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Specimens." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1545, no. 1 (January 1996): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154500117.
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Gyratory compaction is the centerpiece of the Strategic Highway Research Program asphalt mixture design procedure Superpave. A number of factors could potentially affect the behavior of asphalt mixes in the gyratory compactor. One of these is specimen size. Four specimen sizes each of one unmodified and two rubber-modified hot-mix asphalt concrete mixes were compacted in the Superpave gyratory compactor to determine the effect of specimen size on compaction and volumetric properties of the mixes. All specimens were compacted using a 150-mm-diameter mold. Specimens of each of the mix types were prepared using three gradations and three binder contents. Densification curves and plotting number of gyrations versus percent of theoretical maximum density were developed for each mix type/gradation/binder content combination. A strong trend in the densification data was observed, in which curves representing specimen sizes of 3500, 5000, and 6500 g were grouped together, apart from the curve representing a 2000-g specimen size. This trend, the grouping of larger specimen data apart from small specimen data, was also observed in volumetric data (optimum asphalt content, voids in mineral aggregate, and voids filled with asphalt). These trends were observed in most of the mix type/ gradation/binder content combinations. The data presented suggest that for specimens of sufficient size, for example, greater than 3500 g, specimen size does not significantly affect the volumetric or compaction properties of hot mix specimens, which supports the ruggedness of the gyratory compaction procedure.
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Singh, Amit, Ivan Li, Otto Hannuksela, Tjonnie Li, and Kyungmin Kim. "Classifying Lensed Gravitational Waves in the Geometrical Optics Limit with Machine Learning." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 16, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2019.019.
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Gravitational waves are theorized to be gravitationally lensed when they propagate near massive objects. Such lensing effects cause potentially detectable repeated gravitational wave patterns in ground- and space-based gravitational wave detectors. These effects are difficult to discriminate when the lens is small and the repeated patterns superpose. Traditionally, matched filtering techniques are used to identify gravitational-wave signals, but we instead aim to utilize machine learning techniques to achieve this. In this work, we implement supervised machine learning classifiers (support vector machine, random forest, multi-layer perceptron) to discriminate such lensing patterns in gravitational wave data. We train classifiers with spectrograms of both lensed and unlensed waves using both point-mass and singular isothermal sphere lens models. As the result, classifiers return F1 scores ranging from 0:852 to 0:996, with precisions from 0:917 to 0:992 and recalls ranging from 0:796 to 1:000 depending on the type of classifier and lensing model used. This supports the idea that machine learning classifiers are able to correctly determine lensed gravitational wave signals. This also suggests that in the future, machine learning classifiers may be used as a possible alternative to identify lensed gravitational wave events and to allow us to study gravitational wave sources and massive astronomical objects through further analysis. KEYWORDS: Gravitational Waves; Gravitational Lensing; Geometrical Optics; Machine Learning; Classification; Support Vector Machine; Random Tree Forest; Multi-layer Perceptron
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Alas, Mustafa, Sani Isah Abba, Shaban Ismael Albrka Ali, Abdur Rahim, and Nur Izzi Md Yusoff. "Evaluating the Performance of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle-Modified Asphalt Binder and Modelling the Viscoelastic Properties by Using Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (November 22, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9685454.
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The effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3) on the 60/70 penetration of asphalt cement (AC) was investigated in terms of the physical and rheological characteristics by using the Superpave testing procedures. Al2O3 at 3, 5, and 7% concentrations were blended with 60/70 penetration of grade AC. Conventional testing procedures were adopted regarding the physical characteristics, while dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) testing procedures were conducted to evaluate the high and low temperature failure parameters. In addition, heuristic modelling techniques, artificial neural networks (ANN), and support vector machines (SVM) were employed to predict the performance characteristics of AC by using the mechanical testing conditions. The frequency sweep test and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test results revealed that the optimum composition of Al2O3 was at 5% concentration considering the high temperature performance characteristics since further addition of the Al2O3 resulted in degradation in the enhanced properties due to agglomeration of the nanoparticles in the blend. On the contrary, Al2O3 5% demonstrated the lowest viscoelastic behavior at intermediate temperatures. The higher complex modulus ( G ∗ ) and lower phase angle ( δ ) parameters indicated that the increase in stiffness due to the modification process was at the cost of losing elastic properties against fatigue cracking. Moreover, based on the statistical performance indicator, coefficient of determination (R2), it was observed that the ANN models for predicting G ∗ and δ achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.989 and 0.911 while SVM models were able to achieve 0.984 and 0.929, respectively, considering the training datasets. On the other hand, it was noted that SVM models outperformed the ANN models in terms of a smaller gap between the results obtained from the training and testing datasets. The difference between the training and testing datasets for G ∗ and δ parameters for the SVM models were 3.2% and 6.8% while for the ANN models, the differences were 11.6% and 9.5%, respectively, indicating that the ANN models were more prone to the overfitting phenomenon.
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Kabir, M. Sharear, William King, Christopher Abadie, Patrick Icenogle, and Samuel B. Cooper. "Louisiana's Experience with Open-Graded Friction Course Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2295, no. 1 (January 2012): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2295-08.
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The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) began developing open-graded friction course (OGFC) mixtures in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Then, in the late 1980s, a moratorium was imposed on their use because of some early failure issues. However, OGFC mixture performance and service life have improved significantly since a new generation of OGFC mixture was promoted in the United States in the late 1990s. Inspired by the success of other state agencies, the Louisiana DOTD modified the earlier mix design and constructed four new OGFC sections during the past decade to evaluate pavement performance and safety benefits. This paper includes a comprehensive evaluation of Louisiana OGFC mixtures based on their laboratory and field performance. Laboratory work entailed material and mixture design in addition to numerous laboratory tests, namely permeability, draindown, tensile strength ratio, and loaded wheel test. Field evaluation involved visual inspection, pavement condition survey, skid resistance, and traffic safety. With few exceptions in the laboratory, the selected OGFC mixtures showed the potential to meet current Louisiana DOTD specifications, as well as various performance standards established by previous studies. The field analysis indicated that the OGFC test sections showed improved rutting, cracking, and skid performance when compared with typical Superpave® roadway sections. This performance evaluation will likely support the ongoing use of OGFC mixtures in the state of Louisiana. Additionally, the evaluation provides an opportunity to continually improve the current OGFC specification and mix design procedures adopted by the Louisiana DOTD.
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Wu, Rongzong, John Harvey, Jeffery Buscheck, and Angel Mateos. "Development and Demonstration of Hot Mix Asphalt Design Guidance for Mix Performance-Related Specifications." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (February 2019): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119826082.
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As they adopt mechanistic-empirical (ME) methods for flexible pavement design, road agencies are starting to incorporate performance-related specifications (PRS) for hot mix asphalt materials to assure that the as-built materials meet the performance requirements assumed in the pavement structural design. PRS pose new challenges for materials producers and contractors who have never had to relate volumetric mix design parameters to performance requirements such as fatigue life and rutting resistance. The objective of this paper is to describe the development of guidance for materials producers and contractors to support their decision making with regard to changes to mix designs to meet PRS requirements. The guidance was first developed based on known experience. To validate the guidance and demonstrate its usage, a production mix meeting Superpave volumetric requirements for California state highways was selected as the starting point for a set of adjustments applied to the mix. The effects of each adjustment were evaluated by conducting laboratory tests to determine mechanistic performance parameters used in structural design. The mechanistic performance parameters evaluated in this study include stiffness, fatigue resistance, and rutting resistance. The initial experience-based mix design guidance was found to be generally consistent with the laboratory test results for the example mix, albeit with some minor exceptions. The mix design guidance was then revised based on findings from this study. It is recommended that the revised guidance be used as non-mandatory advisory information for projects with PRS and that it be further improved with more results.
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Örlü, R., T. Fiorini, A. Segalini, G. Bellani, A. Talamelli, and P. H. Alfredsson. "Reynolds stress scaling in pipe flow turbulence—first results from CICLoPE." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2089 (March 13, 2017): 20160187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0187.
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This paper reports the first turbulence measurements performed in the Long Pipe Facility at the Center for International Cooperation in Long Pipe Experiments (CICLoPE). In particular, the Reynolds stress components obtained from a number of straight and boundary-layer-type single-wire and X-wire probes up to a friction Reynolds number of 3.8×10 4 are reported. In agreement with turbulent boundary-layer experiments as well as with results from the Superpipe, the present measurements show a clear logarithmic region in the streamwise variance profile, with a Townsend–Perry constant of A 2 ≈1.26. The wall-normal variance profile exhibits a Reynolds-number-independent plateau, while the spanwise component was found to obey a logarithmic scaling over a much wider wall-normal distance than the other two components, with a slope that is nearly half of that of the Townsend–Perry constant, i.e. A 2, w ≈ A 2 /2. The present results therefore provide strong support for the scaling of the Reynolds stress tensor based on the attached-eddy hypothesis. Intriguingly, the wall-normal and spanwise components exhibit higher amplitudes than in previous studies, and therefore call for follow-up studies in CICLoPE, as well as other large-scale facilities. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Toward the development of high-fidelity models of wall turbulence at large Reynolds number’.
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Braulke, Friederike, Julie Schanz, Katharina S. Götze, Catharina Müller-Thomas, Uwe Platzbecker, Christina Ganster, Klaus Jung, et al. "CD34+ FISH As a New Method for Molecular-Cytogenetic Diagnostic From Peripheral Blood in MDS: Update of the Multicenter German Prospective Diagnostic Study." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3816.3816.
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Abstract Abstract 3816 Background Conventional chromosome banding (CCB) analyses of bone marrow (bm) metaphases represent the gold standard of cytogenetic diagnostics in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but they are not suitable for frequent follow-up analyses. Most aberrations can also be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), and they are provable in CD34+ cells from peripheral blood (pb). In our prospective multicenter German diagnostic study “Screening and genetic monitoring of patients with MDS under different treatment modalities by cytogenetic analyses of circulating CD34+cells” (ClinicalTrails.gov NCT01355913) we followed MDS pts by sequential FISH analyses. Methods CD34+ pb cells were enriched by immunomagnetic cell sorting (MACS®) and analysed by FISH using a “Superpanel” (D7/CEP7, EGR1, CEP8, CEP XY, D20, TP53, IGH/BCL2, TEL/AML1, RB1, MLL, 1p36/1q25, CSF1R, all Abbott® Products) at initial screening, every 12 months during follow-up and in case of suspected disease progression and a “Standardpanel” (EGR1, D7/CEP7, CEP8, TP53, D20, TEL/AML1, CEP XY, plus -if necessary- another informative probe) every 2 months in the 1st and every 3 months in the 2nd and 3rd year. If bm aspirate was available, additional CCB and FISH analysis of CD34+ and native bm cells were performed. Cut-off values for each FISH probe were evaluated in our lab. Cytogenetics, bm morphology, clinical course and therapies were documented in a database. All pts gave their written informed consent. The study was approved by all local ethic committees. Results After 3 years of study time, 361 patients (25 AZALE (University of Dresden), 110 LEMON5 (University of Duesseldorf), 226 CD34+FISH) have been included in the study, resulting in a total number of 19,516 FISH analyses: Median age, gender distribution and MDS subtypes were typical for the disease, median follow-up at the time of analysis was 8.2 (1–36) months. Chromosomal aberrations could be detected by FISH of CD34+ pb cells in 71.5% of pts (55% of CD34+FISH-cohort, 99% of LEMON5-trial pts, 100% of AZALE-trial pts). FISH and CCB were highly correlated: p<0.01 for CD34+ pb FISH vs CCB and p<0.01 for CD34+ bm vs CCB. The clone sizes were significantly larger in CD34+ cells compared to native pb (p<0.01). Discussion Our interim results demonstrate that FISH analysis of circulating CD34+ pb cells provides relevant cytogenetic informations. It is a reliable novel method for screening and cytogenetic monitoring of MDS pts during the course of disease and under different therapies, and helps in cases where a bm biopsy is not possible or not successful. Disclosures: Braulke: Celgene: This study was supported by Celgene. Other. Götze:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Bug:Celgene: Honoraria, travel support, advisory board Other; Novartis: Honoraria, travel support, advisory board, travel support, advisory board Other; Boehringer Ingelheim: Honoraria, travel support, advisory board, travel support, advisory board Other. Schafhausen:Novartis: Honoraria, travel support Other; BMS: Honoraria, travel support, travel support Other; Roche: Honoraria, travel support, travel support Other; Celgene: Honoraria, travel support, travel support Other; Alexion: Honoraria, travel support Other. Haase:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Guzzini, Alessandro, Giovanni Brunaccini, Davide Aloisio, Marco Pellegrini, Cesare Saccani, and Francesco Sergi. "A New Geographic Information System (GIS) Tool for Hydrogen Value Chain Planning Optimization: Application to Italian Highways." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032080.
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Optimizing the hydrogen value chain is essential to ensure hydrogen market uptake in replacing traditional fossil fuel energy and to achieve energy system decarbonization in the next years. The design of new plants and infrastructures will be the first step. However, wrong decisions would result in temporal, economic losses and, in the worst case, failures. Because huge investments are expected, decision makers have to be assisted for its success. Because no tools are available for the optimum design and geographical location of power to gas (P2G) and power to hydrogen (P2H) plants, the geographic information system (GIS) and mathematical optimization approaches were combined into a new tool developed by CNR-ITAE and the University of Bologna in the SuperP2G project, aiming to support the interested stakeholders in the investigation and selection of the optimum size, location, and operations of P2H and P2G industrial plants while minimizing the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). In the present study, the tool has been applied to hydrogen mobility, specifically to investigate the conversion of the existing refuelling stations on Italian highways to hydrogen refuelling stations (HRSs). Middle-term (2030) and long-term (2050) scenarios were investigated. In 2030, a potential demand of between 7000 and 10,000 tons/year was estimated in Italy, increasing to between 32,600 and 72,500 tons/year in 2050. The optimum P2H plant configuration to supply the HRS was calculated in different scenarios. Despite the optimization, even if the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) reduces from 7.0–7.5 €/kg in 2030 to 5.6–6.2 €/kg in 2050, the results demonstrate that the replacement of the traditional fuels, i.e., gasoline, diesel, and liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs), will be disadvantaged without incentives or any other economic supporting schemes.
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Stacer, R. G., E. D. von Meerwall, and F. N. Kelley. "Time-Dependent Tearing of Carbon Black-Filled and Strain Crystallizing Vulcanizates." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536103.
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Abstract 1. Unstable tearing can be minimized and tear-tip diameter held reasonably constant for carbon black-filled and strain-crystallizing vulcanizates using a constrained trouser tear testpiece first suggested by Gent and Henry. In the absence of these complicating features, the tear energy has been shown to be thermo-rheologically simple, readily lending itself to time-temperature superposition over a broad range of temperatures and rates. 2. Shift factors used to superpose tear energy data at different temperatures for both filled and unfilled SBR also superposed small deformation stress-relaxation data. This result did not hold for the NR formulations tested, indicating that the temperature dependency of the principal viscoelastic process is different for these properties. Evidence of this was observed in the thermal expansion coefficient, a, derived from the WLF coefficients, which increased by a factor of 10 for tear energy data. It is concluded that even with the tear path constrained, strain-induced crystallization still occurs near the tear tip for the NR formulations. 3. Temperature-reduced tear energy master curves for both filled and unfilled vulcanizates showed the same general tear behavior when referenced to Tg. At high rates or low temperatures, the master curves coincide, approaching a characteristic tear energy of approximately 50 kJ/m2, regardless of formulation. Only at lower rates did the different nature of the rubbers become apparent. All the master curves showed evidence of a tear energy plateau between −15 and −10 decades in rate, with the NR compounds showing the lowest slopes in this region. 4. Addition of filler increases the tear energy by approximately 20–40% over most of the master curves. This supports a previous conclusion of Gent and Henry that the major effect of reinforcing filler is to dissipate energy over a larger volume of material without significantly increasing inherent strength. Addition of filler also tended to mask the plateau in the tear energy master curve and decrease both the free volume at Tg and the thermal expansion coefficient of the material.
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Cantwell, Brian J. "A universal velocity profile for smooth wall pipe flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 878 (September 18, 2019): 834–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.669.
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The most important unanswered questions in turbulence regard the nature of turbulent flow in the limit of infinite Reynolds number. The Princeton superpipe (PSP) data comprise 26 velocity profiles that cover three orders of magnitude in the Reynolds number from $Re=19\,639$, to $Re=20\,088\,000$ based on pipe radius and pipe centreline velocity. In this paper classical mixing length theory is combined with a new mixing length model of the turbulent shear stress to solve the streamwise momentum equation and the solution is used to approximate the PSP velocity profiles. The model velocity profile is uniformly valid from the wall to the pipe centreline and comprises five free parameters that are selected through a minimization process to provide an accurate approximation to each of the 26 profiles. The model profile is grounded in the momentum equation and allows the velocity derivative, Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy production to be studied. The results support the conclusion that logarithmic velocity behaviour near the wall is not present in the data below a pipe Reynolds number somewhere between $Re=59\,872$, and $Re=87\,150$. Above $Re=87\,150$, the data show a very clear, nearly logarithmic, region. But even at the highest Reynolds numbers there is still a weak algebraic dependence of the intermediate portion of the velocity profile on both the near-wall and outer flow length scales. One of the five parameters in the model profile is equivalent to the well-known Kármán constant, $k$. The parameter $k$ increases almost monotonically from $k=0.4034$ at $Re=87\,150$ to $k=0.4190$ at $Re=20\,088\,000$, with an average value, $k=0.4092$. The variation of the remaining four model parameters is relatively small and, with all five parameters fixed at average values, the model profile reproduces the entire velocity data set and the wall friction reasonably well. With optimal values of the parameters used for each model profile, the fit to the PSP survey data is very good. Transforming the model velocity profile using the group, $u/u_{0}\rightarrow ku/u_{0}$, $y^{+}\rightarrow ky^{+}$ and $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\rightarrow kR_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$ where $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$ is the friction Reynolds number, leads to a reduced expression for the velocity profile. When the reduced profile is cast in outer variables, the physical velocity profile is expressed in terms of $\ln (y/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF})$ and a new shape function $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(y/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF})$. In the limit of infinite Reynolds number, the velocity profile asymptotes to plug flow with a vanishingly thin viscous wall layer and a continuous derivative everywhere. The shape function evaluated at the pipe centreline is used to produce a new friction law with an additive constant that depends on the Kármán constant and a wall damping length scale.
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Marcatili, Paolo, Konstantinos Mochament, Andreas Agathangelidis, Panagiotis Moschonas, Lesley-Ann Sutton, Xiao-Jie Yan, Vasilis Bikos, et al. "Automated Clustering Analysis of Immunoglobulin Sequences in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Based on 3D Structural Descriptors." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4365.4365.
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Abstract Immunoglobulins (Igs) are crucial for the defense against pathogens, but they are also important in many clinical and biotechnological applications. Their characteristics, and ultimately their function, depend on their three-dimensional (3D) structure; however, the procedures to experimentally determine it are extremely laborious and demanding. Hence, the ability to gain insight into the structure of Igs at large relies on the availability of tools and algorithms for producing accurate Ig structural models based on their primary sequence alone. These models can then be used to determine structural and eventually functional similarities between different Igs. An example of such a task is the clustering of Igs based on their structure to determine meaningful common features such as the possible existence of common molecular targets (antigens). Several approaches have been proposed in order to achieve an optimal solution to this task yet their results were hindered mainly due to the lack of efficient clustering methods based on the similarity of 3D structure descriptors. Here, we present a novel workflow for robust Ig 3D modeling and automated clustering. We validated our protocol in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where the clonotypic Igs are critically implicated in the disease ontogeny and evolution. Indeed, immunogenetic studies on the clonotypic Igs have strongly implicated antigen selection in the pathogenesis of CLL, while also providing robust prognostic information. In the present study, we used the structure prediction tools PIGS and I-TASSER for creating the 3D models and the TM-align algorithm to superpose them. The innovation of the current methodology resides in the usage of methods adapted from 3D content-based search methodologies to determine the local structural similarity between the 3D models. The Fast Point Feature Histograms descriptors derived from the structurally aligned parts are used to compute a distance matrix, which is then used as input for the clustering procedure. Clustering analysis on the data is performed through the application of the agglomerative and density-based clustering approaches. The first method is unsupervised whereas the second belongs to the semi-supervised type, i.e. requires a predefined number of clusters. To evaluate the quality of the herein described workflow, we performed a supervised analysis of 125 Ig 3D models originating from 5 CLL stereotyped subsets i.e. subgroups sharing (quasi) identical IGs, namely subsets #1, #2, #4, #6, #8. The reasoning behind this choice was that (i) homologous Ig primary sequences can be reasonably anticipated to be reflected in overall similar 3D structures, hence providing a reference for evaluating the developed workflow; and, (ii) these subsets are well characterized at both the clinical and biological levels. Subset size distribution was as follows: subset #1 (IGHV clan I/IGKV1(D)-39), n=37; subset #2 (IGHV3-21/IGLV3-21), n=43; subset #4 (IGHV4-34/IGKV2-30), n=22; subset #6 (IGHV1-69/IGKV3-20), n=12; and, subset #8 (IGHV4-39/IGKV1(D)-39), n=11. Overall, we obtained a high level of clustering accuracy i.e. Ig 3D model clusters matched to a very high degree the subsets defined by Ig primary sequence similarity. In detail, 5 Ig 3D model clusters were produced by: (i) cluster 1 containing 37/37 (100%) subset #1 models and one (8.3%) subset #6 model, (ii) cluster 2 containing 43/43 (100%) subset #2 models, (iii) cluster 3 containing 21/22 (95.5%) subset #4 models, (iv) cluster 4 containing 11/12 (91.7%) #6 models, and, (v) cluster 5 containing 11/11 (100%) subset #8 models along with a single (4.5%) subset #4 model (subsets #4 and #8 concern IgG CLL, in itself a rarity for CLL). These findings support that the innovative workflow described here enables robust clustering of 3D models produced from Ig sequences from patients with CLL. Furthermore, they indicate that CLL classification based on stereotypy of Ig primary sequences is likely also verified at the Ig 3D structural level. Studies are ongoing for both addressing the minor discrepancies observed here and producing the unsupervised 3D clustering of the IGs from a large series of both stereotyped and non-stereotyped CLL cases. Disclosures Rosenquist: Gilead Sciences: Speakers Bureau. Stamatopoulos:Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding.
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"Low-Energy, Secure Communication for the Memory Bus." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12S (December 26, 2019): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.k1275.10812s19.
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The refinement of slight clients has passed on superpages, and current examples prescribe that the assessment of superpages will a little while later create. Here, we support the appreciation of create ahead logging, which exemplifies the theoretical measures of steganography. In order to accomplish this vital, center our undertakings around showing that SMPs [14] and make ahead logging are normally opposing
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Rachmadi, Muhammad, and Derry Alamsyah. Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 1, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v1i3.64.
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Autonomous UAV secara khusus membutuhkan sistem yang mampu memetakan (segmentasi) wilayah dari sebuah citra berwarna. Segmentasi wilayah nantinya digunakan untuk menentukan adanya halangan. Segmentasi pada sebuah citra dapat diawali dengan mengelompokan sejumlah pixel berdasarkan warna dan kedekatannya, yaitu dengan superpixe. Selanjutnya ciri dari setiap wilayah yang telah tersegmentasi diekstrak dengan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Segemtasi wilayah merupakan proses pengenalan wilayah yang membutuhkan informasi berantai yang didapat dari hasil pengenalan sebelum dan sesudahnya, proses ini merupakan proses stokastik. Penyelesaian masalah pengenalan seperti ini dilakukan menggunakan Structured Support Vector Machines (SSVM). Sementara itu untuk menentukan bobot dalam SSVM diperlukan sebuah model Conditional Random Field (CRF). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan hasil akurasi yang cukup baik dalam segmentasi wilayah yaitu 71%.
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Cawley, Peter. "A Development Strategy for Structural Health Monitoring Applications." Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems 4, no. 4 (August 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4051974.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Permanently installed structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are now a viable alternative to traditional periodic inspection (nondestructive testing (NDT)). However, their industrial use is limited, and this article reviews the steps required in developing practical SHM systems. The transducers used in SHM are fixed in location, whereas in NDT, they are generally scanned. The aim is to reach similar performance with high temporal frequency, low spatial frequency SHM data to that achievable with conventional high spatial frequency, and low temporal frequency NDT inspections. It is shown that this can be done via change tracking algorithms such as the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), but this depends on the input data being normally distributed, which can only be achieved if signal changes due to variations in the operating conditions are satisfactorily compensated; there has been much recent progress on this topic, and this is reviewed. Since SHM systems can generate large volumes of data, it is essential to convert the data to actionable information, and this step must be addressed in the SHM system design. It is also essential to validate the performance of installed SHM systems, and a methodology analogous to the model-assisted probability of detection (POD) (MAPOD) scheme used in NDT has been proposed. This uses measurements obtained from the SHM system installed on a typical undamaged structure to capture signal changes due to environmental and other effects and to superpose the signal due to damage growth obtained from finite element predictions. There is a substantial research agenda to support the wider adoption of SHM, and this is discussed in this study.