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Carlisle, Matthew David. "Degradation of human alpha- and beta-defensins by culture supernatants of Porphyromonas gingivalis." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/651.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis produces proteases capable of degrading cytokines, host heme proteins, and some antimicrobial peptides. In this work, I show that P. gingivalis culture supernatants fully or partially degrade human neutrophil peptide alpha-defensins and human beta-defensins after 30 minutes. This observation suggests that proteases from P. gingivalis degrade defensins and this activity could abrogate defensin-related innate immune functions.
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Sané, Sabine [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Zengerle. "Using microorganisms culture supernatants to supply enzymes to biofuel cells and extend cathode lifetime." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119452686/34.
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Crilly, P. J. "The effect of steroids on the immunoregulatory nature of thymic epithelial cell culture supernatants." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371947.
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Gunkel, Ann Marilyn. "Evaluation of the Mutagenicity and Toxicity of Monoazo Dyes in Wastewater Effluents and Sludge Supernatants." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1021908155.
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Zarnegar, Abdolreza. "Purification and Characterization of an Inhibitor of Thymidine Uptake From Culture Supernatants of Human Tonsil Lymphocytes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1987. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2833.
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Lymphocytes from human tonsils were cultured in the absence of serum for 3 days. In the presence of the concentrated culture supernatant the proliferative response of PBL, to con A, as measured by the uptake of ('3)H-tdr, was significantly reduced. The suppressor substance was referred to as SMAL (suppressor of mitogen activated lymphocytes). The estimated molecular weight of SMAL under nondenaturing conditions was 100,000-300,000. SMAL also suppressed the incorporation of ('3)H-tdr by a variety of mouse and human tumor cell lines. The activity of SMAL was sensitive to pronase and heating at 100(DEGREES)C for 30 minutes but insensitive to RNase. Treatment with DNase, however, enhanced the activity of SMAL. SMAL activity was also destroyed by treatment with 5% TCA, 0.4 M HCl or 60% acetonitrile, but resistant to 6 M urea or dialysis against pH 2 buffer for 24 hours. SMAL activity was precipitated in 40-80% ammonium sulfate saturation. When applied to a phenyl-sepharose column no activity was recovered. SMAL was not produced by heat-killed tonsil lymphocytes or lymphocytes-treated with cycloheximide. Maximal production occurred in the first 24 hours of culture, and progressively less was produced in subsequent 24-hour intervals. Both T- and B lymphocyte-enriched culture supernatants contained SMAL. SMAL adhered strongly to DEAE-cellulose, but less than two-fold purification was achieved. Using QMA-Accell anion exchange medium, a 5-fold purification of SMAL with higher specific activity was obtained with HPLC. Activity of SMAL was recovered after native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by electroblotting to DEAE-cellulose paper followed by eluting the bound materials with salt. Two active components, one corresponding to a large and/or less negatively charged molecule and another corresponding to a small and/or highly acidic molecule, were recovered. HPLC-purified SMAL at relatively low doses inhibited the uptake and phosphorylation of ('3)H-tdr, without significant effect on cell proliferation. The inhibition of ('3)H-tdr uptake was favored over that of ('3)H-udr or ('3)H-adr, and this effect was reversible. At relatively high doses of HPLC-purified SMAL, the growth of mouse thymoma EL-4 and human T cell leukemia CEM-CM(,3) cell lines was inhibited.
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Riffel, Amy Marie. "Osteoblasts aggregates cultivated in a 3-dimensional culture environment rigorously respond to Porphyromonas gingivalis culture supernatants." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1067.
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An exciting alternative to the current methods for bone regeneration is osseous tissue engineering. One such method focuses on enhancement of osteoblast differentiation through rotary cell culture techniques. The response of osteoblast aggregates to periodontal microorganisms and their by-products will ultimately be important in their success as a method of bone regeneration. In this study, I hypothesize that human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM, ATCC 1486) pre-osteoblast cells produce different cytokine responses depending upon whether they are grown in a 2-dimensional tissue culture flask or a 3-dimensional tissue culture vessel and whether they are exposed to an un-inoculated, sterile Porphyromonas gingivalis growth medium or exposed to a 24 hour, sterile, P. gingivalis culture supernatant. Objectives: My objectives were first to determine and compare the cytokine response of HEPM, ATCC 1486 pre-osteoblast cells depending upon whether they are grown in a 2-dimensional tissue culture flask or a 3-dimensional tissue culture vessel and whether they are exposed to an un-inoculated, sterile P. gingivalis growth medium or exposed to a 24 hour, sterile, P. gingivalis culture supernatant. Methods: In 3 experiments, 5 X 106 HEPM, ATCC 1486 cells were grown in a 2-dimensional tissue culture flask or a 3-dimensional tissue culture vessel and exposed to an un-inoculated, sterile P. gingivalis growth medium or exposed to a 24 hour, sterile, P. gingivalis culture supernatant and incubated for 72 hours in 5% CO2 at 37oC. Media was removed from the tissue culture flasks or rotary vessels at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours to determine cytokine concentrations in the Luminex 100 IS Instrument (Luminex®, Austin, TX). HEPM, ATCC 1486 pre-osteoblast cell morphology was assessed by light and scanning electron microscopy at 96 hours. Results: In experiment 1, there were increases in IL-6 and IL-8. The IL-6 response of cells grown in a 2-dimensional tissue culture flask was higher than that of cells grown in a 3-dimensional tissue culture vessel. The IL-8 responses of the cells grown in 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional tissue culture were nearly identical. In light and scanning electron microscopy cells appeared normal and HEPM, ATCC 1486 pre-osteoblast cell aggregates were similar to that previously reported. In experiment 2, there were also increases in IL-6 and IL-8. The IL-6 and IL-8 responses of HEPM, ATCC 1486 pre-osteoblast cells grown in a 3-dimensional tissue culture vessel exposed to a 24-hour, sterile, P. gingivalis culture supernatant were higher than cells exposed to un-inoculated, sterile P. gingivalis growth media. In experiment 3, HEPM, ATCC 1486 pre-osteoblast cells grown in 2-dimensional tissue culture flasks and 3-dimensional tissue culture vessel exposed to a 24 hour, sterile, P. gingivalis culture supernatant produced high levels of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF. Again, in light and scanning electron microscopy, cells appeared normal. Conclusion: HEPM, ATCC 1486 pre-osteoblast cells display different cytokine profiles depending upon the type of vessel they are cultured in. They also rigorously respond to P. gingivalis culture supernatants suggesting that they may respond to the presence of microorganisms commonly found in the oral cavity and play an active role in immunity during their integration following bone regeneration.
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Yu, Haiyue [Verfasser]. "Effect of probiotic supernatants on the metabolic activity and survival of Streptococcus mutans in vitro / Haiyue Yu." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/124153893X/34.
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Milojkovic, Dragana. "The leukaemic micro environment : The effect of tumour supernatant (TSN)." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500072.
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Szatkowska, Beata. "Performance and control of biofilm systems with partial nitritation and Anammox for supernatant treatment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Mark- och vattenteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4462.
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Ghosh, Shayok. "Optimization of phosphorus recovery from anaerobic digester supernatant through a struvite crystallization fluidized bed reactor." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60128.
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Phosphorus is an essential element for all living organisms, but its supply is limited. On the other hand, phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater can satisfy 15-20 % of current phosphate rock demand. Moreover, struvite scaling is a concern for wastewater engineers as it clogs various equipment. Recovering phosphorus as struvite pellets from wastewater can yield sustainable solution for both problems. Although several technologies have already been available to recover phosphorus from wastewater with reasonable P- recovery efficiency, these technologies possess a number of shortcomings such as higher capital and operating cost, production of fines instead of pellets etc. This study aimed at optimization of phosphorus recovery from wastewater by developing a sustainable and efficient technology. To accomplish this purpose, a new crystallization fluidized bed reactor (FBR) was developed and impact of different physio-chemicals (supersaturation ratio) and hydrodynamic (up-flow velocity, nozzle velocity and configurations) parameters on its performance were analyzed to determine optimum operating conditions. This reactor achieved over 90% of P removal from synthetic supernatant with up to 18% of P recovery. Lower P-recovery was resulted due to lack of proper harvesting mechanism.
Results showed that P-removal efficiency was increased with increase in initial supersaturation ratio up to a value of 6.5. But increase in supersaturation ratio yielded lower P-recovery with higher fines production. A value in the range of 5.5-6.0 was suggested by this study for optimum output.
Low up-flow velocity was found to be associated with higher P-removal and recovery efficiency, where high up-flow velocity was found to be associated with the production of more large sized pellets and fines. But, higher nozzle velocity was found to be responsible for accomplishing higher P-removal and recovery efficiency. Two nozzles on opposite side yielded higher P-recovery
efficiency with more large sized pellets and lower fine production. Based on these results, this study concluded that 40 cm/min up-flow velocity with 18.04 cm/min nozzle velocity and two nozzles on opposite side might be optimum operating conditions.
Analysis on the performance of up-scaled reactor showed that optimum conditions for pilot scale and up-scaled reactor might be different due to different hydrodynamic conditions.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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McNeil, Heather Joan. "Effects of delivery method on serological responses of bighorn sheep to a multivalent Pasteurella haemolytica supernatant vaccine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35913.pdf.
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Stolarczyk, Elzbieta Ilona. "INSIGHTS INTO EXPRESSION, CELLULAR LOCALIZATION, AND REGULATION OF SUPERNATANT PROTEIN FACTOR, A PUTATIVE REGULATOR OF CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/696.
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SPF (Supernatant Protein Factor) is a cytosolic protein that stimulates at least two enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway: squalene monooxygenase and HMGCoA reductase. The mechanism of action has not been established but may be related to lipid transfer between intracellular membranes.
There are three human genes for SPF: SEC14L2 (SPF1), SEC14L3 (SPF2) and SEC14L4 (SPF3). The present study differentiates these closely related genes by evaluating their tissue-specific and relative expression levels. SPF1 mRNA was found to be most abundant in liver, mammary gland and stomach. SPF2 showed negligible expression in all tissues tested; SPF3 expression pattern was similar to that of SPF1, but at 10-50-fold lower levels than SPF1.
A cDNA to SPF3 was cloned and, upon transfection into rat hepatoma cells, was shown to increase cholesterol synthesis by approximately 50%, similar to that obtained with SPF1. However, in contrast to SPF1, SPF3 did not stimulate squalene monooxygenase activity in microsomal preparations, suggesting that it acts primarily through activation of HMG-CoA reductase.
SPF possesses a lipid binding domain (Sec14) and a Golgi dynamics domain (GOLD). SPF resides in the cytosol and requires phosphorylation and the presence of Golgi in order to stimulate cholesterol synthesis. To determine if SPF associates with specific subcellular structures, cellular immunofluorescence studies were carried out. A phosphorylationdefective mutant, a protein lacking the GOLD domain, and the effect of protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of endogenous SPF were examined. No change in the subcellular location of SPF could be detected with either the phosphorylation mutant or the native SPF after protein kinase A activation. However, removal of the GOLD domain resulted in a protein that co-localized with large vesicular structures around nucleus.
Studies with rat hepatoma cells showed that the expression of the two rat SPF genes is upregulated in response to serum deprivation, and is potentiated by removal of glucose. Lipid/cholesterol availability was demonstrated to be at least one of the serum components that affected SPF transcript levels. The oxysterol receptor LXR was shown not to be involved in SPF gene regulation, implicating SREBP and/or PPARα as the principal regulators of SPF gene transcription.
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Trumper, Bronwen Bauer. "TOXIC EFFECTS OF CULTURE SUPERNATANT FLUIDS OF HAEMOPHILUS PLEUROPNEUMONIAE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO (RESPIRATORY, SWINE, PLEUROPNEUMONIA)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275412.
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Mokashi, Vishwesh. "SUPERNATANT PROTEIN FACTOR: INSIGHTS INTO ITS REGULATION AND ABILITY TO STIMULATE CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS IN VITRO AND IN CELL CULTURE." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/469.
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Supernatant protein factor (SPF) is a 46-kDa cytosolic protein that stimulates squalene monooxygenase, which catalyses the second committed step in cholesterol biosynthesis. The mechanism by which SPF stimulates this enzyme is not understood and the goal of these studies was to see if SPF affected cholesterol synthesis in cultured cells. Rat supernatant protein factor-like protein (SPF2) shares 77% sequence identity with human SPF. In my studies SPF2 also stimulated squalene monooxygenase in vitro and incubation of SPF2 with protein kinase A (PKA) and C increased its activity by about 2-fold, as shown earlier with SPF. GTP and GDP prevented the stimulation of squalene monooxygenase by SPF2, suggesting that binding of these nucleotides inhibits SPF2. This inhibition could be prevented by the addition of -tocopherol, although -tocopherol alone had no effect on SPF2 activity in vitro. Expression of human SPF in hepatoma cells, which lack expression of endogenous SPF, increased cholesterol synthesis by 2-fold and addition of dibuytrylcAMP, a PKA activator, to these cells yielded an additional 62% increase whereas addition of a PKA inhibitor completely blocked the ability of SPF to stimulate cholesterol synthesis. To further confirm a role for phosphorylation in the regulation of SPF, substitution of alanine for serine-289 (a putative PKA recognition site) reduced the PKA-mediated activation of SPF in vitro by 50%, as measured with microsomal squalene monooxygenase and completely blocked the ability of SPF to stimulate cholesterol synthesis in hepatoma cells. In further structure-function studies, deletion of the carboxy-terminal Golgi-dynamics domain greatly increased the ability of SPF to stimulate squalene monooxygenase in microsomes, but, paradoxically prevented SPF from stimulating cholesterol synthesis in cell culture. Addition of brefeldin A, which disrupts Golgi formation, also abolished the ability of SPF to stimulate cholesterol synthesis, supporting a role for the Golgi in SPF function. Since squalene monooxygenase is not thought to be rate-limiting with regard to cholesterol synthesis, the possibility that SPF might stimulate other enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway was investigated. The substitution of 14Cmevalonate for 14C-acetate completely blocked an SPF-induced 1.5-fold increase in squalene synthesis, suggesting that SPF stimulated mevalonate synthesis at HMGCoA reductase. 2,3-Oxidosqualene synthesis from 14C-mevalonate remained elevated (1.3-fold) with mevalonate demonstrating that SPF also stimulated squalene monooxygenase in hepatoma cells. SPF did not increase HMG-CoA reductase or squalene monooxygenase enzyme levels in cells, indicating that SPF directly activated these enzymes. Indeed, addition of purified recombinant SPF to rat liver microsomes stimulated HMG-CoA reductase by about 1.5-fold. These results reveal that SPF directly stimulates HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting step of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, as well as squalene monooxygenase, and, coupled with the ability of PKA-mediated phosphorylation to regulate SPF activity, suggest a new means by which cholesterol synthesis can be rapidly modulated in response to hormonal and environmental signals.
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Becker, Eric. "A combinatorial engineering approach to increase the productivity of CHO cells, and proteomic analysis of cell culture supernatant." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-38407.
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Mokashi, Vishwesh. "Supernatant protein factor Insights into its regulation and ability to simulate cholesterol synthesis in vitro and in cell cultural /." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2004. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukytoxi2004d00189/Mokashi.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2004.Title from document title page (viewed Jan. 6, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 88p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-86).
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Smith, Robert C. "Ecological Factors in Design of a Two-Sludge Nitrifying Activated Sludge System Incorporating Side-Stream Treatment of Anaerobic Digester Supernatant." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291307830.
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Connan, Romain. "Feasibility of anammox for the treatment of sewage sludge digester supernatant : from inoculum enrichment and cultivation to process configurations and emissions." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S103/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse porte sur l'étude d'un procédé de traitement des eaux usées intitulé "anammox". C'est un procédé biologique reposant sur le métabolisme d'un groupe de bactéries du même nom permettant l'épuration de l'azote. Ces travaux développent une méthodologie pour leur identification et leur culture et aboutissent à la mise en application de bio-réacteur de traitement à l'échelle du laboratoireThis work focuses on the study of a wastewater treatment process entitled "anammox". It is a biological process based on the metabolism of a group of bacteria of the same name allowing the purification of nitrogen. This work develops a methodology for their identification, their culture and for the implementation of bioreactor treatment at the laboratory scale
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Serra, Ryan J. Nares Salvador. "Phenytoin and its metabolite, 5-p-Hydroxyphenyl-, 5-Phenylhydantoin, decrease supernatant levels of matrix-metalloproteases in the human macrophage implications for drug-induced gingival overgrowth /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2427.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 3, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Dentistry Periodontology." Discipline: Periodontology; Department/School: Dentistry.
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Björkander, Sophia. "Immune maturation and lymphocyte characteristics in relation to early gut bacteria exposure." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för molekylär biovetenskap, Wenner-Grens institut, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134054.
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At birth, the immune system is immature and the gut microbiota influences immune maturation. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and lactobacilli are part of the neonatal gut microbiota and have seemingly opposite effects on the immune system. S. aureus is a potent immune activator and early-life colonization associates with higher immune responsiveness later in life. Lactobacilli-colonization associates with reduced allergy-risk and lower immune responsiveness. Further, lactobacilli modulate immune-activation and have probiotic features. Here, we investigated S. aureus-induced activation of human lymphocytes, including T regulatory cells (Tregs), conventional T-cells (CD4+ and CD8+), unconventional T-cells (γδ T-cells and MAIT-cells) and NK-cells from children and adults, together with the modulatory effect of lactobacilli on immune-activation. Further, early-life colonization with these bacteria was related to lymphocyte-maturation, plasma cytokine- and chemokine-levels and allergy. S. aureus cell free supernatant (CFS) and staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A induced an increased percentage of FOXP3+ Tregs and of CD161+, IL-10+, IFN-γ+ and IL-17A+ Tregs (Paper I). The same pattern was observed in children with a lower degree of activation, possibly due to lower CD161-expression and poor activation of naive T-cells (Paper II). S. aureus-CFS induced IFN-γ-expression, proliferation and cytotoxic capacity in conventional and unconventional T-cells, and NK-cells. SEA, but not SEH, induced activation of unconventional T-cells and NK-cells by unknown mechanism(s) (Paper III, extended data). Lactobacilli-CFS reduced S. aureus-induced lymphocyte activation without the involvement of IL-10, Tregs or monocytes, but possibly involving lactate (Paper III). Early-life colonization with S. aureus associated with increased percentages of CD161+ and IL-10+ Tregs while lactobacilli-colonization negatively correlated with the percentage of IL-10+ Tregs later in life (Paper II). Allergic disease in childhood associated with double allergic heredity, being born wintertime and with higher plasma levels of TH2-, TH17- and TFH-related chemokines early in life. Lactobacilli-colonization associated with lower prevalence of allergy, reduced chemokine-levels and increased levels of IFN-γ in plasma (Paper IV). This thesis provides novel insights into S. aureus- and SE-mediated activation of Tregs, unconventional T-cells and NK-cells and suggests an overall impairment of immune-responsiveness towards this bacterium in children. Further, S. aureus-colonization may influence the maturation of peripheral Tregs. Our data show that lactobacilli potently dampen lymphocyte-activation in vitro and that colonization associates with Treg-responsiveness, altered plasma cytokine- and chemokine-levels and with remaining non-allergic, thereby supporting the idea of lactobacilli as important immune-modulators.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Smedberg, Vilma. "Extraktion av proteiner från olika råvaror för humankonsumtion." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23318.
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Som följd av dagens ökning i global befolkning och köttproduktion är alternativa hållbara köttsubstitut mycket eftertraktat. Som basal råvara kan växter eller mikrobiella produkter utnyttjas för proteinrika hållbara livsmedelsprodukter. Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka olika proteinextraktionsmetoder som i nuläget används för att erhålla ett proteinisolat som kan ha användning i livsmedelsindustrin. Utvalda råvaror som kommer studeras och diskuteras är ärta, quinoa, mjölmask och filamentösa svampar. Allmän information för varje råvara diskuteras men fokus har lagts på att studera processer för att extrahera proteiner till ett isolat från råvarorna. Arbetet inkluderar generella tillvägagångssätt vad gäller proteinextraktion likväl som mer specifika metoder från enskilda försök att extrahera ett visst protein. Slutligen jämförs val av extraktionsmetoder och vilka råvaror som idag är i kommersiellt bruk och reflekterande tankar om varför inte vissa råvaror hunnit lika långt i utvecklingen i proteinextraktion som andra.As a result of today's increase in global population and meat production, alternative and more sustainable meat substitutes are highly sought after. As a basic raw material, plants or microbial products can be utilized for protein-rich sustainable food products. This work aims to investigate various protein extraction methods currently used to obtain a protein isolate that can be of use in the food industry. Selected raw materials studied and discussed are pea, quinoa, flour worm and filamentous fungus. General information for each raw material is discussed, however focus has been on studying processes for extracting proteins into an isolate from the raw materials. The work includes general methods to protein extraction as well as more specific methods from individual attempts to extract a specific protein. Finally, the extraction methods are compared, the raw materials that are currently in commercial use are discussed as well as thoughts why some raw materials have not progressed as far in protein extraction as others are compared.
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Rovira, Clusellas Meritxell. "Estrategias para la diferenciación in vitro de células ES de ratón a células acinares pancreáticas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7104.
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Las patologías más importantes del páncreas exocrino, como la pancreatitis crónica (PC) o el cáncer de páncreas, representan un gran problema de salud pública en Europa. En la PC, el tejido acinar es substituido por complejos ductales. Además, es difícil mantener el fenotipo diferenciado de las células acinares en cultivo ya que sufren una transdiferenciación acinar-ductal.Las células madre embrionarias (ES) de ratón han sido utilizadas en la última década para generar in vitro células completamente diferenciadas de varios linajes celulares. No obstante, la capacidad de las células ES a diferenciarse a tipos celulares de origen endodérmico es muy limitada. El objetivo principal de este proyecto ha consistido en desarrollar estrategias para diferenciar células ES de ratón a células pancreáticas acinares con una elevada eficiencia mediante 1) la optimización de las condiciones de cultivo con tal de activar vías de señalización implicadas en el desarrollo/diferenciación pancreáticas; 2) la sobreexpresión de factores transcripcionales maestros utilizando vectores virales con el fin de recapitular específicamente un programa de diferenciación acinar; 3) la selección genética de las células comprometidas al linaje acinar con el objetivo de purificar las células acinares diferenciadas.
Mediante la integración de estos abordajes, hemos conseguido aislar células que comparten características fenotípicas con células acinares inmaduras según la expresión de marcadores de diferenciación y la respuesta funcional a secretagogos.
Exocrine pancreatic diseases such as chronic pancreatitis (PC) or pancreatic cancer are major health issues in Europe. In CP, the acinar tissue is substituted by ductal complexes. In addition, it is difficult to maintain the differentiated phenotype of the acinar cells in culture as within few days an acinar-ductal transdifferentiation takes place.
In the last decade, mouse embryonic stem cells (mES) have been used to generate differentiated cells of a variety of cellular lineages in vitro. However, the ability of ES cells to differentiate into endodermal lineages is limited. The main objective of this project has focused on the development of strategies to differentiate mES to pancreatic acinar cells with high efficiency by means of: 1) Optimization of cell culture conditions to activate signalling pathways involved in pancreatic differentiation/development; 2) the overexpression of master transcription factors involved in pancreas development using viral vectors in order to recapitulate specific acinar differentiation program; 3) the genetic selection of cells committed to the acinar linage in order to purify the differentiated cells.
The integration of these different strategies allowed us to isolate cells that share phenotypic features with immature acinar cells according to the expression of differentiation markers and the functional response to acinar secretegogues.
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Peulve, Pascal. "Inhibition de la croissance, in vitro, des cellules hématopoïétiques humaines par les surnageants de cultures de la lignée Raji." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES022.
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Les surnageants de cultures de la lignée lymphoblastique humaine Raji, contiennent au moins un facteur capable d'inhiber in vitro la croissance des cellules hématopoïétiques de type granulocytaire, monocytaire, érythrocytaire et lymphoïde. Ce facteur est labile a 56°C pendant 30 minutes et précipitable au sulfate d'ammonium a 80% de saturation. Il ne semble pas être cytotoxique pour les cellules et est différent de l'interféron, des pustaglandines, ou d'une molécule de type prostaglandine. Ce facteur semble agir sur les progéniteurs hématopoïétiques les plus immatures. La présence de sérums humains dans les cultures, permet de "supprimer" partiellement l'inhibition de croissance produite par le facteur
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Deblais, Loic. "Understanding of Salmonella-phytopathogen-environment-plant interactions and development of novel antimicrobial to reduce the Salmonella burden in fresh tomato production." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534437638478448.
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Ledesma, Lina Marcela Sánchez. "Produção de estruvita a partir de esgoto doméstico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-14082015-144656/.
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A escassez das fontes de fósforo e o alto consumo de energia associado à produção de fertilizantes nitrogenados serão problemas que deverão ser enfrentados no futuro. A recuperação de nutrientes das águas residuárias na forma de estruvita tem sido considerada como uma alternativa para atenuar estes problemas. Na América Latina, a produção de estruvita a partir de esgoto ainda não é uma tecnologia bem conhecida e, portanto, a finalidade deste trabalho é contribuir com uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos envolvidos. Para isso, a pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: 1) produção de estruvita a partir de efluente de reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente com manto de lodo (RAFA); 2) produção de estruvita a partir de sobrenadante de digestor anaeróbio de lodo de um processo com remoção biológica de fósforo (DALRBF) e 3) influência do cálcio na estruvita produzida na etapa 2. Nas três etapas, ajustaram-se as concentrações de magnésio, a fim de obter razões fósforo:magnésio (P:Mg) pré-estabelecidas, e o pH entre 8,00 e 10,50. Os resultados da primeira etapa mostraram que não foi possível produzir estruvita no efluente do RAFA nas condições testadas. No entanto, foram observadas remoções de fósforo e de nitrogênio, devido à formação de fosfatos de cálcio e de magnésio amorfos. Os resultados da segunda etapa comprovaram a viabilidade de produção de estruvita de sobrenadante de DALRBF e mostraram que os consumos molares dos íons fosfato (PO43-), amônio (NH4+) e magnésio (Mg2+) ou as remoções destes (%) não devem ser os únicos parâmetros para avaliar a formação de estruvita, pois outros compostos cristalizam ou precipitam e reduzem a qualidade do mineral. Para um meio com condições semelhantes às testadas nesta etapa, uma razão P:Mg 1:2 e um pH igual a 9,50 asseguram a máxima recuperação de nutrientes como estruvita com concentração mínima de impurezas, facilitando seu posterior uso como fertilizante. Os resultados da terceira etapa mostraram que uma fase amorfa de fosfato de cálcio ou de magnésio se forma na superfície da estruvita.The shortage of the phosphorus sources and high-energy consumption associated to the nitrogen fertilizers production will be problems in the future. The nutrient recovery from wastewater as struvite has been considered as an alternative to alleviate these problems. In Latin America, production of struvite from wastewater is not yet a wellknown technology and therefore the purpose of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomena involved. This research work was performed in three phases: 1) production of struvite from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor effluent; 2) production of struvite from anaerobic digester supernatant of enhanced biological phosphorus removal process (ADS-EBPR) and 3) influence of calcium in the struvite produced in the phase 2. In three phases, the magnesium concentrations were adjusted to obtain the preset phosphorus:magnesium (P:Mg) ratios and the pH was adjusted between 8,00 and 10,50. The results of the first phase showed that it is not possible to produce struvite in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor effluent in the tested conditions. However, removal of nitrogen and phosphorus was observed because amorphous calcium and magnesium phosphates were produced. The results of the second phase showed that it is possible to produce struvite in the ADS-EBPR and the molar consumptions of phosphate (PO43-), ammonia (NH4+) and magnesium (Mg2+) or removals (%) should not be the only parameters to evaluate the struvite formation, because other compounds crystallize or precipitate and reduce the quality of the mineral. In the similar conditions tested in this phase, a P:Mg ratio 1:2 and pH 9,50 assure maximum nutrients recovery as struvite with minimum impurities concentration, facilitating its subsequent use as fertilizer. The results of the third phase showed that amorphous calcium or magnesium phosphates were produced on the struvite surface.
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Prisciandaro, Luca David. "Probiotic-derived factors for the treatment and prevention of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/96820.
Full textAbstract:
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most commonly prescribed anti-neoplastic drugs in modern cancer treatment. Although the drug is effective at destroying cancer cells, its administration is accompanied by serious, dose-limiting side effects, amongst the most prevalent of which is intestinal mucositis. This disorder is characterised by ulceration and inflammation of the small intestine, and sufferers often experience severe abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhoea. Despite its predominance, there are currently no definitive treatments for intestinal mucositis. Probiotics are defined as live bacteria which are able to exert beneficial physiological or therapeutic effects. Strains can be sourced from either food or the human microbiota, but must meet specific requirements prior to being officially recognised as probiotics. The mechanisms of probiotic action are highly species and strain specific, however, a number of strains have been shown to exert beneficial effects which may be suited to the treatment of intestinal mucositis. These include; inhibition of pathogenic bacterial growth and inflammation, maintenance of cell cycling and strengthening of the intestinal barrier. While the majority of probiotic research has focused on the use of live bacteria, there has been a recent interest in bioactive factors that are secreted by the bacterial cells into the cell-free supernatant (SN). There are a range of benefits to using SNs in preference to live bacteria, such as reduced risk of sepsis and greater quality control during production. This thesis represents the first detailed examination into the efficacy of probiotic-based SNs in the treatment of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Firstly, four different probiotic SNs were investigated in vitro for their ability to maintain cell growth following administration of 5-FU. The two strains deemed most effective where then assessed in an in vivo model of intestinal mucositis. Rats were treated with SNs both before and after 5-FU administration. Improvement was reported in some indicators of intestinal damage in rats following SN administration. However, the overall effects were less pronounced than expected, given the extent of improvement reported in the in vitro model. These findings suggested that a different screening method was required prior to in vivo examination, and that the current in vivo treatment protocol required review. As mucositis occurs only following chemotherapy administration, there is opportunity to administer therapeutic compounds prior to the onset of the disorder with the aim of preventing its development, rather than treating the damage. Two strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), were examined for their ability to prevent 5-FU-induced reduction in intestinal barrier function and increased epithelial cell apoptosis in an in vitro model. Both SNs inhibited 5-FU-induced changes to barrier function and apoptosis. The success of these strains in a preventative treatment regime warranted further investigation in vivo. However, in the rat model of 5-FU-induced mucositis, no significant protective effects were observed. These findings highlighted inconsistencies between in vitro and in vivo models. One reason for this disagreement may have been due to the degradation of active compounds during gut transit. In order to determine if acidic or proteinase-rich conditions (two characteristics of the gastric environment) altered the efficacy of LGG and EcN SNs, a small in vitro pilot study was performed. All SNs not exposed to either acidic or proteinase-rich conditions were effective in maintaining cell proliferation following 5-FU administration, but the efficacy of LGG SN was significantly reduced following protease- and acid-treatment. However, neither treatment diminished the efficacy of EcN SN. These results suggested a requirement for new administration techniques to allow the SNs to reach their target area. In summary, this thesis explores the potential use of probiotic-derived factors to treat 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. It describes the capacity for LGG and EcN SNs to improve parameters of chemotherapy-induced damage in vitro. These strains were less effective in vivo, however, further investigations into effective delivery methods are warranted to ensure that the active compounds reach the small intestine. This thesis provides support for future investigations into the use of probiotic SNs for the treatment of intestinal mucositis.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2013
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Yi-fang, Chen, and 陳怡芳. "Study on Enzyme Activities of Fermented Supernatants of Two Native Strains Isolated from Konjac Degradation." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28355142591455270653.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
93
The two better native strains of dyu-cs-3 and dyu-cs-6, isolated from konjac degradation, were used to preliminarily study their cultural conditions and enzymatic activities of the fermented supernatants for degrading (hydrolyzing) the commercial konjac gel. It was found that the optimal cultural temperature and initial pH of cultural media for the two strains were at 37℃ and 8.0, while the suitable contents of cultural media with 3% konjac gel in 250mL flasks for dyu-cs-3 and dyu-cs-6 were 50mL and 75mL, respectively. For dyu-cs-3 and dyu-cs-6, the highest concentrations (0.15 and 0.16mg/mL, respectively) of reducing sugar were obtained at 48 h of cultivation. After 10 min centrifugation (10000 × g) at 4℃, the enzymatic activity of the fermented supernatants for degrading konjac gel was investigated. The optimal reaction temperature and pH were at 40℃ and 8.0, respectively, while the activity decreased significantly at higher reaction temperature (50℃ or higher) and lower pH (pH 7.0 or lower). The thermal enzyme stability of the dyu-cs-3 supernatants was only at 30℃, while that of the dyu-cs-6 ones was at 30~40℃. The thermal stability of the dyu-cs-3 enzyme seemed be better than that of the dyu-cs-6 one. For the enzymatic pH-stability test at room temperature, the pH-stability range of the dyu-cs-3 and dyu-cs-6 fermented supernatants was at pH 5.0~7.0, and their enzymatic activities retained about 70~80% for first 120 min treatment. The optimal releasing rate of reducing sugar from the substrate-konjac gel was at first 30 min for the dyu-cs-3 and dyu-cs-6 enzymes at pH 8.0 and 40℃. The storage temperatures of the enzymatic activities of dyu-cs-3 and cs-6 fermented supernatants were also investigated. During 7-day storage the dyu-cs-3 enzyme still had about 80-100% of activity at 6℃ and 30℃, while the dyu-cs-6 enzyme had close 100% of activity at 30℃ and had close around 80% at 6℃. For the reaction kinetics of the enzymes of the two fermented supernatants, the reaction constants for both the dyu-cs-3 and dyu-cs-6 enzymes were very similar. The reaction constants, Km and Vmax, for the dyu-cs-3 enzyme were 1.614mg/mL and 0.015mg/mL•min, while the reaction constants, Km and Vmax, for the dyu-cs-6 one were 1.617mg/mL and 0.014mg/mL•min, respectively.
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Barra, Vera Diana [Verfasser]. "Regulation of arginase II expression in macrophages by supernatants of apoptotic cells / vorgelegt von Vera Diana Barra." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1011435802/34.
Full text
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Capela, Emanuel Augusto Vieira. "Innovative and sustainable platforms for the downstream processing of antibody-based biopharmaceuticals." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/33484.
Full textAbstract:
Antibodies, and in particular immunoglobulin G (IgG), are considered as one of the spearheads of the biopharmaceutical industry, presenting high relevance for the treatment of several diseases and being sometimes the only available therapy for some pathologies. Despite their wide potential, the extraction and purification of these biomolecules from their complex biological media with high quality and purity is still based on multi-step approaches and is of high cost. Therefore, the development of alternative and cost-effective downstream processes able to provide high amounts of therapeutic antibodies at lower cost is highly demanded. Novel ionic-liquid-based (IL-based) strategies for the downstream processing of antibodies were investigated in this PhD thesis. ILs were chosen mainly due to their designer solvents character. This feature of ILs allows to tailor the polarity, interactions and selectivity of the developed processes, allowing to overcome some technical limitations of the conventional ones. Three types of IL-based platforms for antibodies downstream processing were investigated, namely aqueous biphasic systems (ABS), three-phase partitioning (TPP) and supported ionic liquids (SILs). ABS containing ILs as adjuvants were investigated, allowing the extraction and purification of human antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies) with good performance in a single-step. More biocompatible and sustainable ILs were also studied as phase-forming compounds of ABS, while showing the possibility of using TPP approaches based on ABS for the purification and recovery of human antibodies. Finally, new chromatographic matrices were proposed based on SILs materials, able to capture and/or purify antibodies from their complex biological media through two different mechanisms, namely through the flowthrough-like and bind-and-elute-like modes. In summary, in this PhD thesis it is shown that ILs, if properly designed, can be successfully applied in the extraction, purification and/or recovery of human antibodies, being promising alternative platforms for the downstream processing of antibody-based biopharmaceuticals.Os anticorpos, e em particular a imunoglobulina G (IgG), são considerados uma das pontas de lança da indústria biofarmacêutica, apresentando elevada relevância para o tratamento de várias doenças e sendo, por vezes, a única terapia disponível para algumas patologias. Apesar do seu amplo potencial, a extração e purificação destas biomoléculas a partir dos seus meios biológicos complexos com elevada qualidade e pureza é ainda baseada em abordagens com várias etapas e com elevado custo associado. Portanto, o desenvolvimento de processos a jusante alternativos, económicos e eficientes, capazes de fornecer elevadas quantidades de anticorpos terapêuticos a um custo reduzido é altamente necessário. Novas estratégias baseadas em líquidos iónicos (LIs) foram então investigadas nesta tese de Doutoramento para o processamento a jusante de anticorpos. Os LIs foram escolhidos principalmente devido ao seu carácter de solventes customizáveis. Esta característica dos LIs permite adequar a polaridade, interações e seletividade dos processos desenvolvidos, permitindo superar algumas limitações técnicas dos processos convencionais. Três tipos de plataformas baseadas em LIs foram investigadas para o processamento a jusante de anticorpos, nomeadamente sistemas aquosos bifásicos (SAB), partição trifásica e líquidos iónicos suportados. SAB contendo LIs como adjuvantes foram investigados, permitindo a extração e purificação de anticorpos humanos (anticorpos policlonais e monoclonais) com um bom desempenho em uma única etapa. LIs mais biocompatíveis e sustentáveis foram também estudados como compostos formadores de fases de SAB, demonstrando em simultâneo a possibilidade de utilizar abordagens de partição trifásica baseadas em SAB para a purificação e recuperação de anticorpos humanos. Finalmente, foram propostas novas matrizes cromatográficas baseadas em líquidos iónicos suportados, capazes de capturar e/ou purificar anticorpos a partir dos seus meios biológicos complexos através de dois mecanismos distintos, nomeadamente através dos modos negativo e positivo. Em suma, nesta tese de Doutoramento foi demonstrado que os LIs, se adequadamente concebidos, podem ser aplicados com sucesso na extração, purificação e/ou recuperação de anticorpos humanos, sendo plataformas alternativas promissoras para o processamento a jusante de biofármacos baseados em anticorpos.
Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Química
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Chiang, Ming-I., and 蔣明怡. "Antimicrobial Activity of Commercial Yogurt Supernatant." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98825594452998195134.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系碩士在職專班
95
The inhibition effect (antimicrobial activities) of the supernatant of four commercial drinking yogurts, which were hold at 4oC, on the growth of five microbial strains (Streptococcus aureus BCRC10451, Salmonella typhimurium BCRC12947, Bacillus subtilis BCRC11634, E. coli BCRC11634, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCRC11633) was investigated in the study. The cell count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pH value and titrable acidity of the supernatants were also studied. During the 16-day storage time at 4oC, the LAB cell count of all the commercial yogurt supernatant still kept maintaining over 8.9-9.5 log CFU/mL, the pH values of the supernatants little gradually changed from original 4.32-4.21 to 4.03, the titrable acidity was little gradually increased from 0.48%-0.58% to 0.58%-0.63%. For antimicrobial activity, the inhibition zones of the yogurt supernatants for all microbial strains except for P. aeruginosa (no quantitative detection) by using agar diffusion were at the range of 23.0-36.0 mm, especially the range of 34.5-36.0 mm for S. aureus. The antimicrobial activity of the original supernatant with pH 4-5 was better that of the neutral one adjusted to pH 7.0. In addition, the pH value of the agar for microbial diffusion was decreased from 2.58 to 2.22 as increasing the addition concentration of lactic acid (0.3%-2.0%). For the antimicrobial activity of lactic acid, the inhibition zones for the five microbial strains increased with increasing the addition concentration. Based on these results, there was no antimicrobial effect of the original or neutral supernatant (pH 4.0-5.0 or 7.0, respectively) on P. aeruginosa growth. This may be due to that the pH value or the lactic acid content of the supernatant was less than 2.48 or more than 0.3%. However, the supernatants of the four commercial yogurts only showed much effective on the growth inhibition of effects of S. aureus, S. typhimurium, B. subtilis and E. coli.
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Huang, Hui. "Pilot scale phosphorus recovery from anaerobic digester supernatant." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15338.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the pilot-scale struvite crystallization process developed at UBC was
operated continuously for recovering phosphate, in the form of struvite, from anaerobic digester
supernatants from the Annacis Island Wastewater Treatment Plant and the Lulu Island
Wastewater Treatment Plant. In addition, the process performance for a synthetic supernatant
with high phosphate concentration (100-190 mg/L) was verified.
Study results showed that the process was capable of removing more than 90 % of
ortho-phosphate from both the synthetic supernatant and the digester supernatants.
Approximately 90 % of removed phosphate was recovered as harvestable struvite crystals. The
desired phosphate removal efficiency was achieved through controlling the inlet supersaturation
(SS) ratio, operational pH and magnesium dosage in the supernatant. It was possible to reduce
the effluent ortho-phosphate concentration to less than 5 mg/L through choosing optimal
operational conditions.
Chemical analysis of the recovered crystals showed very pure struvite (91.2 % and 94.1
% by weight for crystals produced from the Annacis supernatant and the Lulu supernatant,
respectively.) with small amounts of calcium and carbonate, and traces of iron and aluminum.
Most of recovered crystals were round, hard and larger than 2 mm in mean diameter over the
course of the study. The crystal retention time in the reactor and the magnesium dosage in the
supernatant were identified as two major factors affecting the size, density, hardness and
morphology of recovered struvite crystals.
Determination of the struvite solubility product (Ksp) showed that there were significant
differences among Ksp values for the synthetic, Annacis and Lulu supernatants, due to
combined effects from impurity ions and suspended solids, as well as other unknown factors. In
this scenario, the conditional solubility product (Ps) was considered to be more useful than Ksp
in operating the struvite crystallization process and predicting process performance.
A cost analysis showed that the application of air stripping or a high magnesium dosage
in the supernatant could not reduce the total chemical costs, since both Annacis and Lulu
supernatants used in this study had a high pH value around 8.0. However, a further study on
other anaerobic digester supernatants with low pH was recommended.
Two struvite models developed by Britton and Potts, respectively, were used to predict
the process performance and determine the operational parameters. Both were validated through
comparing the predicted results with the actual operational data. The comparison showed that
the former predicted the actual results with relatively high accuracy; however, the latter
demonstrated a large deviation from the real results, probably caused by the Ksp value used in
the model.
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Zimmo, Nouf. "Effect of P. gingivalis supernatant and Kavain on bone biology." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36569.
Full textAbstract:
P. gingivalis, a red complex bacterium, has been associated with periodontitis. It has been studied extensively trying to understand the mechanism behind its virulence against the periodontium. Several investigations have studied the different virulence factors including Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), gingipain and fembriea. However, bone resorption mechanism that is caused by periodontitis is not fully understood. It is hypothesized that P. gingivalis virulence factors specifically LPS are behind bone resorption, not the bacterial cell itself. Therefore, we have tested this hypothesis and then further expanded on the results by adding Kavain that inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α in an attempt to rule out other virulence factor from bone resorption mechanism.
Live neonatal mouse calvarial bone was utilized to carry out experiments in this project. We had five groups which included negative and positive control with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH with Kavain and test groups with P. gingivalis supernatant with or without Kavain. These model systems were tested under resorption condition and evaluated by chemical, biochemical and histological analyses of the used media and calvarial bone. At the 8th day, calvaria from each experiments were analyzed by histology. TRAP and calcium release assays were also performed to further evaluate bone resorption and osteoclastic activity.
We have found that when Kavain was added to the PTH, the calcium release and TRAP activity has reduced to half of the positive control without Kavain. P gingivalis supernatant alone showed uptake of calcium rather than release and adding Kavain increased the calcium uptake even more. However, TRAP activity were much higher than PTH group which does not coincide with the calcium release assay results.
It seems that P. gingivalis LPS stimulated osteoclastic activity however it was not enough to result in bone resorption. It is thought that resorption and formation might be balanced and thus resorption was not observed. Further investigation is needed to study different doses of P. gingivalis supernatant on bone.
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Burešová, Nedvídková Jaroslava. "Stanovení cytokinů v supernatantu homogenátu jater u potkanů s jaterní steatózou." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-282894.
Full textAbstract:
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Jaroslava Burešová Nedvídková Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Pavel Živný, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Cytokine estimation in liver homogenate supernatant in rats with liver steatosis The aim of this work was the determination of cytokines - interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin levels in liver homogenate supernatant in rats with hepatic steatosis. These tests were performed within extensive experimental work intented on the ability of liver regeneration after induction of steatosis. The determination was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with cytokine concentrations of Wistar and PHHP control groups, who were fed a standard laboratory diet. The concentrations of IL-6, leptin and TNF-alpha in liver tissue supernatant were higher in the control group of Wistar rats than in PHHP rats control group. Receiving steatosis diets led to a decrease in IL-6 for all rat files. Leptin concentrations were significant lower in Wistar rats than Wistar rats controls were. Orotic acid administration statistically significant increased leptin level in rats PHHP. The consumption of diets causing steatosis reduced TNF-alpha concentrations in liver...
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Wood, Cody D. "Catalytic Gasification of Pretreated Activated Sludge Supernatant in Near-critical Water." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31641.
Full textAbstract:
Pretreatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) and the subsequent near-critical water gasification (NCWG) is a potential avenue to convert WAS into value added products. Part one of the research investigated thermal and thermochemical pretreatments. No difference was observed in the percentage of sludge liquefied beyond 10min between 200°C to 300°C. It was found that pretreated activated sludge supernatant (PASS) doubled the gas yield compared to untreated sludge when gasified. The order of effectiveness for sludge treatment was thermo-alkali > thermal > thermo-acid for hydrogen production in NCWG. Part two investigated NCWG parameters to identify optimal conditions. High gasification yields were obtained using a commercial catalyst (Raney nickel), with hydrogen content of 65-75% of the gas phase products. Thermo-alkali treated PASS was found to perform well at subcritical temperatures with 25% higher yields than thermally treated PASS. Increased catalyst loading had little additional effect on gas yields above 0.075g.
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Zhang, Ying. "Struvite crystallization from digester supernatant-reducing caustic chemical addition by CO₂ stripping." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/18399.
Full textAbstract:
The recovery of phosphorus from wastewater, mainly digester supernatant/ centrate, into struvite, a slow release fertilizer, is an important research topic. The recovery of phosphorus helps to solve severe problems that have occurred in the secondary wastewater treatment plants (especially those with enhanced biological nutrient removal process). Also, it suggests an alternative, but more sustainable, source of phosphorus for domestic use. The crystallization of struvite in the liquid solution requires a relatively high pH environment, thus, caustic chemicals, e.g., NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, are usually added to the solution to adjust its pH value to above 7.5. This raises the costs of recovering struvite. Considering that the digester supernatant/centrate are usually saturated with dissolved CO₂, gas, which is relatively easy to remove, the idea of stripping CO₂, from the digester supernatant to raise pH, and thus reducing the caustic chemical usage, was adopted in this research. In this study, a cascade CO₂ stripper was designed and first tested with three different synthetic solutions: 1) tap water with CO₂, saturated, 2) NaHC0₃ solution with CO₂ saturated, and 3) NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl solution with C0₂ saturated. It turned out that the stripper’s C0₂, removal efficiency was dependant on several parameters, such as the characteristics of the influent, including total alkalinity, temperature, and initial concentration of dissolved C0₂ gas, influent flow rate, effluent recycle rate, aeration rate, and baffle numbers in the stripper. A C0₂ stripping model was developed using these parameters, based on the stripper’s performance on the three synthetic solutions. The C0₂ stripper was also tested in a real struvite crystallization process. In this test, two struvite crystallizers, A side reactor and B side reactor, were operated in parallel. The difference between these two reactors was that, the downpipe that links the reactor’s seed hopper and the external clarifier in A side process was partially substituted by the CO₂ stripper in the B side process. The results revealed that, under different operating conditions, the addition of caustic chemical can be reduced by 46% to 65%, by employing a C0₂ stripper in the process flow scheme. Once optimized, this new approach has the potential to significantly reduce the costs of struvite production and recovery, under full-scale conditions.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Tsai, Chia-Ling, and 蔡佳玲. "Hydrogen production from thermophilic aerobic digested sludge supernatant by purple nonsulfur bacteria." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03841758820654246960.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
95
Thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) which applies thermotolerant microbes and their extracellular enzymes to degrade waste activated sludge (WAS) is considerably new and dynamic technique. It was mentioned that when TAD process was modified to be operated under microaerobic condition, the accumulation of volatile fatty acid (VFAs) was expected. Hydrogen production by microbes is a new technology for hydrogen production. One of the most important hydrogen producing bacteria is purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria. VFAs are important substrates for purple nonsulfur bacteria to grow and produce hydrogen. Thus, combining the modified TAD process with photohydrogen production makes sludge removal and energy recycle possible. In order to increase the accumulation concentration of VFAs in TAD reactor, first we raised the initial concentration of the SS. When initial SS concentration of sludge is 13000 mg/L, and the inoculation concentration of Geobacillus thermocatenulatus S2 was 645.4 mg/L, the accumulated concentration of VFAs was 1105 mg/L, which was the highest. The yield and C/N ratio was 0.28 mgVFAs/△mg VSS and 3.1, respectively. Second, the experiments with or without aeration was discussed. The result showed that TAD system with aeration had better reaction rate. Furthermore, the 2 L TAD reactor was operated in a continuous model at 65℃. The result indicated that when HRT is 24 hr, the accumulated concentration of VFAs was 330 mg/L, which was higher than when HRT was 12 hr. The NH4+-N concentration of TAD effluent was too high to inhibiting the hydrogen production of purple nonsulfur bacteria. The pH value of the effluent was adjusted to be alkaline and aerated to remove ammonia. The result showed that when pH value was 12.0, NH4+-N concentration could be removed under detection limitation within 17 hr. However, when NH4+-N concentration of the TAD effluent was higher than 100 mg/L, the efficiency of aeration was low. Moreover, the VFAs concentration of the TAD effluent decreased. Hydrogen production by Rhodopseudomonas palustris WP 3-5 using the pretreated effluent of TAD was investigated. The highest accumulated hydrogen volume was 25.8 ml (while the headspace was 50 ml) when using the TAD effluent which has already removed NH4+-N by aeration. On the other hand, we found that the distillery wastewater contained high concentration of VFAs and low concentration of NH4+-N, so we mixed the distillery wastewater with the effluent of TAD. The result showed that the best ratio of distillery wastewater to the effluent of TAD for H2 production was 2：5, and the highest accumulated H2 volume and hydrogen production rate (HPR) was 263.9 ml and 12.4 ml H2/L-culture/hr, respectively (while the headspace was 150 ml). We also used the dilution distillery wastewater as substrate for hydrogen production. The result indicated that when content of distillery wastewater was 40%, the highest accumulated H2 volume and HPR was 278.3 ml and 13.06 ml H2/L-culture/hr, respectively. Furthermore, comparing the H2 producing efficiency of mixed wastewater and diluted distillery wastewater, it was observed that the diluted distillery had higher HPR, but the mixed wastewater had higher accumulated H2 volume.
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Li, Jowitt Z. X. "Recovering biodegradable carbon from a thermophilic aerobic digestion supernatant for biological nutrient removal." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13754.
Full textAbstract:
The biological nutrient removal (BNR) process usually requires external carbon supplements for enhanced phosphorus and nitrogen removal. It has become popular for full-scale wastewater treatment plants to implement carbon addition and optimization, to ensure best system performance. Thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) is operated at elevated temperatures to achieve sludge stabilization, volatile solids destruction, and pasteurization. Preliminary tests indicated that the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation in the TAD sludge supernatant, under a microaerated operation (system oxygen demand exceeds the supply), was a potential carbon source for BNR enhancement. A targeted degree of solids destruction efficiency can also be achieved under the microaerated operation, and the VFAs can be internally recovered for BNR enhancement purposes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of using the TAD supernatant as a carbon source for BNR enhancement, and the potential impacts of the TAD supernatant addition on the system performance. Furthermore, due to the nature of VFA variance in TAD supernatant, TAD supernatant addition must be optimized in practice to obtain the benefits of carbon supplement and eliminate the potential nutrient overloading. A new control and monitoring technique was developed in this study using the headspace gaseous monitoring to estimate the VFA concentrations in TAD supernatant, and assess the BNR system performance. In this study, TAD supernatant was proven to be a potential carbon source for B NR enhancement in both batch and continuous feed studies. The VFAs in TAD supernatant resulted in comparable phosphorus release and denitrification. In addition, substrates other than the VFAs in the TAD supernatant were also found to be available for both P release and denitrification. The extra nutrient load (nitrogen and phosphorus) was significant, requiring mitigation and dosing optimization to reduce treatment system deterioration. Due to the feature of degradation during its storage, it was found that TAD supernatant should be added into the process train as fresh as possible, to maximize the VFA utilization and heat energy production. The "headspace carbon dioxide (C0₂) monitoring" method proposed in this study was proven feasible in estimating the VFA equivalent in the TAD supernatant. This C0₂ monitoring approach can be applied for the on-line TAD supernatant dosing optimization practice. The duration of C0₂ changes shown on the C0₂ profile (between the point of C0₂ starting to increase, and the point starting to decrease after the peak) of the phosphorus release and denitrification enhancement, due to the external carbon source addition, was defined as the "E Time" in this study. The duration of "E Time" was found to be proportional to the available carbon source concentration at the time of addition. A high accuracy in sodium acetate (NaAc) concentration estimation was also demonstrated in this study. In addition, the VFA equivalent in TAD supernatant was derived by comparing the "E Time" with a standard sodium acetate test. This headspace C0₂ monitoring can be potentially applied as a means of monitoring the efficiency and microorganism activity in a BNR process train. This "E Time" approach using the headspace C0₂ monitoring can be an attempt to replace the current oxygen utilization rate (OUR) method for readily biodegradable substrate determination. BNR operation can be benefited by this on-line monitoring to obtain the information of readily utilizable carbon concentration, optimized dosage control, and system performance. The headspace monitoring setup also prevents the sensor contacting with the sludge samples and saves the maintenance efforts.
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Tantinirundr, Usakorn. "Phosphorus removal in an aerobic supernatant by struvite crystallization without addition of chemicals." 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44638311.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-56).
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Mazalová, Lenka. "Interakce makrofágů a buněk rakovinné prostatické linie PC-3." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-425302.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation on the theme Interaction of macrophages and the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was focused on the initial mapping of interactions between human mac-rophages and the prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Microscopic and molecular-genetic methods have been used for analysis. The structure and ultrastructure of macrophages and PC-3 cells have been de-scribed. The description of cell morphology in interaction with each other has been de-voted to processes associated with adherence of macrophages on PC-3, eferocytosis and phagocytosis. Cultivation of PC-3 with plumbagine showed an increase of apoptotic cells. Cultivation of macrophages with PC-3 supernatant has shown that solubiling fac-tors in supernatant may have an effect on inducing cell death in macrophages. In our study, the supernatant did not affect the production of TNF alfa, IL-12, IL-10 or IL-6 by macrophages. A time lapse video was created to show physical interactions of macro-phages and invasive cell. All obtained results show that there are interactions between the cancer cells and immune system cells that have not yet been discovered.
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Yeganegi, Maryam. "The Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 Supernatant on Cytokine Production and Prostaglandins in Gestational Tissues." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32035.
Full textAbstract:
Preterm birth remains a major challenge in obstetrics. It complicates up to 13% of all pregnancies and accounts for approximately 80% of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of preterm birth. Due to ineffectiveness of antibiotics in preventing preterm labour, probiotics have been proposed to serve as an alternative for treatment of BV and prevention of preterm birth. The objectives of this thesis were to determine 1) the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (L. rhamnosus GR-1) supernatant on cytokine profile and prostaglandin (PG)-regulating enzyme expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human chorion and placental trophoblast cells from human placentae, 2) the potential signaling pathways through which lactobacilli act and 3) the potential role of immune and placental trophoblast cells in initiating a response to LPS and L. rhamnosus GR-1 treatments. Primary cultures of human placental trophoblast cells were pre-treated with lactobacilli supernatant and then with LPS. In addition, immune cells were removed from cell suspensions using a magnetic purification technique to determine their role in modulating cytokine levels. The expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin-regulating enzymes was then determined. We found sex-specific differences in the ability of LPS to increase the output of TNF-α, IL-10, and PTGS2. We also showed that L. rhamnosus GR-1 is able to act through the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways to increase IL-10 and G-CSF, and independently down-regulates PTGS2 and TNF-α and up-regulates PGDH. The increase in G-CSF and PGDH were only observed in women carrying a female fetus. L. rhamnosus GR-1 may serve as an alternative to antibiotics in preventing some infection/inflammation-mediated cases of preterm birth.
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"Investigations of MicroRNAs in urine supernatant for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and the potential functional roles of miR-99a." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549530.
Full textAbstract:
膀胱尿路上皮腫瘤發病率在泌尿道腫瘤中排第二位，它具有高複發性的特點。目前，有創性尿道膀胱鏡檢查是診斷的金標準。儘管先後有很多血液或尿液中的分子被先後用於診斷膀胱癌的診斷研究，但到目前為止尚未有任何一種方法可以取代膀胱鏡檢查。有證據表明在膀胱上皮腫瘤組織中有很多異常表達的microRNA，但是內在機制的有關研究相對缺乏。在本研究中，我們利用在尿液上清中異常表達的microRNA來評估它們在膀胱癌診斷中的價值。而且，我們揭示了其潛在的調控機理。通過microRNA基因芯片，我們結合并對比來自膀胱腫瘤病人和正常對照患者的9個尿液上清樣本，以及4對腫瘤組織及臨近正常黏膜上皮中microRNA的表達，初步篩選出10個異常的microRNA。然後我們使用定量RT-PCR的方法在另外獨立的18對腫瘤組織和正常黏膜中進一步驗證芯片結果。最後我們就6個被帥選出來的microRNA在71例的膀胱癌患者和正常對照組的尿液上清中進行檢測並評估其診斷效能。我們發現，miR-125b和miR-99a的表達在膀胱癌患者的尿液上清中明顯下調。另外，它們下調程度與腫瘤的病理分級相關。結合miR-125b和miR-99b兩者作為診斷膀胱癌的指標，靈敏度達86.7%，特異度達81.1%，同時有陽性預測值達91.8%。當作為腫瘤分級指標，miR-125b具有81.4%的敏感度，87.0%的特異度，陽性預測值達93.4%。膀胱腫瘤切除之後，和術前比較，兩個microRNA的表達水平再度上升。我們將miR-99轉染到三個膀胱腫瘤細胞株中（T24，UMUC3和J82）。我們發現miR-99a對UMUC3細胞具有輕微的抗增殖功能。同時，miR-99a在3個細胞株中顯示均顯示具有抗遷移和抗侵襲能力。為尋找miR-99a的目標mRNA，我們結合數據庫算法預測，在Western blot中驗證到miR-99a能顯著下調VLDLR蛋白。隨後我們將帶有VLDLR的3'UTR質粒轉染進入細胞中并證實VLDLR mRNA是miR-99a直接作用的目標。另外，當VLDLR siRNA被轉入3個細胞株之後，我們觀察到相似的抗遷移和抗侵襲的現象。最後我們發現N-cadherin是該通路中的下游抑制遷移和侵襲的分子。本項研究證實研究尿液上清中的microRNA是可行的。MiR-125b和miR-99a是膀胱腫瘤的診斷和分級的有效指標。此外，miR-99a能夠通過和VLDLR mRNA直接結合從而抑制膀胱腫瘤遷移和侵襲功能。Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is the second most common malignancy in the urological system with high recurrence rate. Current gold standard examination for diagnosis is urethrocystoscopy, which is an invasive procedure. Although numerous molecular markers in blood or urine have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer, none of them could replace urethrocystoscopy in clinical practice. There are accumulating evidences suggesting microRNA dysregulation might be related to the pathogenesis of UCB. However, the exact functions of these microRNAs in UCB remain unknown. In this thesis, the role of selected microRNAs in urine supernatant was investigated in the diagnosis of UCB and also the carcinogenesis of UCB.
In brief, a high-throughput microarray was carried out on nine supernatants of urine from UCB and normal subjects, and also four pairs of tissue from UCB and normal mucosa. Ten microRNA candidates were then identified. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to validate these microRNAs on a set of 18 pairs of tumor tissue and normal mucosa. Eventually, six potential candidate microRNAs were selected and then validated as diagnostic tools on the samples of urine supernatants from 71 patients (50 of known UCB and 21 of normal subjects). The expression levels of these selected microRNAs were further evaluated in the urine supernatants of 20 patients after tumors resections. MiR-125b and miR-99a were the two most significantly down-regulated microRNAs in the urine supernatants of patients with UCB. Moreover, the degree of down-regulation was associated with the pathological grade of the tumor. A combined index of miR-125b and miR-99a in urine supernatant had a sensitivity of 86.7%, specificity of 81.1%, and a positive predicted value of 91.8% for diagnosing UCB. When used to discriminate high-grade from low-grade UCB, miR-125b alone had a sensitivity of 81.4%, specificity of 87.0% and PPV of 93.4%. After transurethral resections, the expression levels of both microRNAs were significantly increased compared to pre-operative levels.
In further studies on the role of microRNAs on the development of UCB, miR-99a was selected for further studies. The precursor of miR-99a was temporally transfected into 3 bladder cancer cell lines: T24, UMUC3 and J82. The proliferation ability was noticed to be suppressed mildly in UMUC3, but not the other. Meanwhile, migration and invasion abilities were inhibited by miR-99a in the all 3 cell lines. Potential targets of miR-99a were predicted from several prediction databases. Subsequently, in Western Blot study, the protein level of very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) was showed to be down-regulated by miR-99a. Thereafter, a plasmid constructed with 3’UTR of VLDLR was transfected into cytoplasm, which confirmed VLDLR mRNA was a direct target of miR-99a. All 3 cells lines showed the same effect on suppression of migration and invasion after knockdown of VLDLR. N-cadherin was identified as a down-stream molecule responsible for the migration and invasion suppression in this pathway.
This study confirmed microRNA expression in urine supernatants was a feasible approach for the assessment of biomarkers, and miR-125b and miR-99a showed promising results in the diagnosis and grading of UCB. Furthermore, we showed that miR-99a suppressed tumor migration and invasion by directly targeting VLDLR.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Zhang, Dingzuan.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-131).
Abstract and appendix also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.I
摘要 --- p.III
Acknowledgments --- p.V
Abbreviations --- p.VII
List of figures --- p.IX
List of Tables --- p.XI
Content --- p.XII
Chapter Chapter I: --- General Introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- Bladder cancer --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- The incidence of bladder cancer
Chapter 1.1.2 --- The burden of bladder cancer to the health care system
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Risk factors for bladder cancer
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Pathology grading system in bladder cancer
Chapter 1.1.5 --- Current diagnostic methods and treatment for bladder cancer
Chapter 1.2 --- Biomarkers for bladder cancer --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.1 --- The advantages of biomarkers in blood and urine for the diagnosis of bladder cancer
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Biomarkers in blood for bladder cancer
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Biomarkers in the urine for bladder cancer
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Current concerning problems with biomarkers
Chapter 1.3 --- MicroRNAs and bladder cancer --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Post-trancriptional function of microRNAs
Chapter 1.3.2 --- The function of microRNAs in tumor
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Prospects of detecting microRNA in cell-free fluid in tumor
Chapter 1.4 --- MicroRNA target identification --- p.15
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Prediction of microRNA target
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Validation of microRNA target
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Validation of direct interaction between microRNA and target RNA
Chapter 1.4.4 --- Validation of direct binding of microRNA and mRNA in vivo
Chapter 1.5 --- Migration and invasion of bladder cancer --- p.19
Chapter 1.5.1 --- The biological process of migration in bladder cancer
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer
Chapter 1.6 --- Objectives of this study --- p.21
Chapter Chapter II --- MicroRNAs in urine supernatant: potential useful markers for bladder cancer screening
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.23
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Ethics Statement
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Patients and samples
Chapter 2.2.3 --- RNA extraction
Chapter 2.2.4 --- MicroRNA microarray
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Statistical methods
Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.1 --- MicroRNA screening by microRNA microarray
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Independent validation of the ten selected microRNAs by qRT-PCR on tissue
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Verification of the six validated microRNAs in urine supernatants as tumor markers
Chapter 2.3.4 --- MiR-125b and miR-99a in urine supernatants were useful for the diagnosis of bladder cancer
Chapter 2. --- 3.5 MiR-125b and miR-99a were two highly correlated microRNAs
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Expression levels of miR-125b and miR-99a increased after tumor resection
Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.47
Chapter Chapter III: --- MiR-99a suppresses migration and invasion in bladder cancer by targeting VLDLR
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.53
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.56
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Human tissue samples and bladder cancer cell lines
Chapter 3.2.2 --- RNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction
Chapter 3.2.3 --- MicroRNA and plasmid transfection
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Western Immunoblotting
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Agarose gel electrophoresis
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Luciferase assay
Chapter 3.2.7 --- MTT proliferation assay
Chapter 3.2.8 --- Apoptosis assay
Chapter 3.2.9 --- Cell cycle analysis
Chapter 3.2.10 --- Cell migration Assay
Chapter 3.1.11 --- Cell invasion assay:
Chapter 3.2.12 --- Statistical methods:
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.67
Chapter 3.3.1 --- MiR-99a was significantly down-regulated in bladder cancer
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Precursor microRNA was successfully transfected into bladder cancer cell lines
Chapter 3.3.3 --- MiR-99a had little effect on cell proliferation
Chapter 3.3.4 --- MiR-99a had little effect on cell apoptosis and cell cycle
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Over-expression of miR-99a suppressed cell migration in bladder cancer
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Over-expression of miR-99a also suppressed invasion ability in bladder cancer
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Target prediction for miR-99a using 8 target prediction databases
Chapter 3.3.8 --- Protein level of VLDLR was down-regulated by miR-99a in bladder cancer
Chapter 3.3.9 --- VLDLR was a direct target of miR-99a
Chapter 3.3.10 --- VLDLR mRNA was not down-regulated correspondingly by miR-99a
Chapter 3.3.11 --- MiR-99a suppressed down-stream protein of VLDLR in Reelin pathway
Chapter 3.3.12 --- Knockdown of VLDLR also suppressed cell migration and invasion
Chapter 3.3.13 --- N-cadherin was the down-stream protein responsible for the suppression of migration and invasion in miR-99a/VLDLR pathway
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.93
Chapter Chapter IV: --- Conclusion and prospective --- p.101
Appendix --- p.105
Reference --- p.107
42
Chen, Wan-Yi, and 陳菀貽. "Degradation of waste activate sludge by thermophilic bacteria and photobiological hydrogen production from digested sludge supernatant by purple nonsulfur bacteria." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34085521733839651698.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
94
Thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) which applies thermotolerant microbes and their extracellular enzymes to degrade waste activated sludge (WAS) is a considerably new and dynamic technique. It is no doubt that if TAD process is modified to be operated under microaerobic condition, the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is expected. VFAs are suitable substrates for purple nonsulfur bacteria to grow and produce hydrogen. Thus, combining the modified TAD process with photohydrogen production makes sludge removal and energy recycle possible. In order to decide the best operating strategies of the TAD reactor, the factor of inoculation, initial pH, aeration rate and several kinds of sludge would be investigated. The optimum initial pH and inoculation of Geobacillus thermocatenulatus S2 were 6.5 ~ 7.5 and 7.5 %, respectively. Under microaerobic condition (0.25 vvm), 2L paper sludge were digested for 58 h, 65 ℃. The result indicated that the removal efficiencies of SS and VSS were 42.40 and 52.73 %, respectively. The final concentration of VFAs in the liquid phase of the digested sludge were 530 mg/L. It was observed that the liquid phase of sludge was contributed to VFAs. Subsequently, inoculation of Geobacillus stearothermophilus J was discussed, and there was no significant influence. Furthermore, 2 L TAD reactor was operated in a continuous model at 65℃. The result indicated that the higher concentration of VFAs was investigated. The result of hydrogen production by strain Rhodopseudomonas palustris WP3-5 with different dilution ratios of the digested liquid revealed that no hydrogen was produced in all dilution solution ( 0.4X, 0.6X, 0.8X ,non-dilute ). Three kinds of chemicals (Fe, buffer, Fe and buffer) were added respectively, the experiment results showed that, strain WP3-5 could grow in the presence of higher NH4+ concentration, but there was still no hydrogen production. An tempt was made to find the effect of C/N ratio, the experiment results illustrated that, the lower NH4+ concentration, the higher pH value, when C/N was 1：7, production of hydrogen was not improved. Thus, for photohydrogen production by WP3-5, it seems that there was higher VFAs content and lower NH4+ concentration, hydrogen might be produced.
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Britton, Ahren Thomas. "Pilot scale struvite recovery trials from a full-scale anaerobic digester supernatant at the City of Penticton Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14071.
Full textAbstract:
Pilot-testing of a fluidized bed reactor used to recover phosphate in the form of struvite from a full-scale anaerobic digester supernatant was conducted on site, at the City of Penticton Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant (AWWTP). The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the ability of the reactor, developed by the UBC phosphate recovery team, to remove at least 70 % of the phosphate in the supernatant from a full-scale digester fed with a combination of primary and secondary sludge, from a biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plant. Results showed that the reactor was capable of removing over 80 % of the phosphate from the digester supernatant. The operation of the reactor could easily be controlled to achieve any desired level of phosphorus removal up to 90%. Reactor operation was relatively trouble free after an initial commissioning period. By the end of the experiment, it was possible to leave the reactor unattended for periods of up to 5 days without incident. Analysis of the recovered struvite crystals showed essentially pure struvite (>99 % by weight) with small amounts of calcium (<0.5 % by weight) and traces of potassium and iron. The recovered crystals had mean diameters increasing from 0.5 to 1.8 mm over the course of the study. This increasing diameter is believed to be due to changes in the crystal structure that caused them to become stronger over the course of the study. The causes of this change in crystal structure remain unknown, and require further investigation. A model was developed which was able to predict the effluent quality of the reactor based on the concentrations of magnesium, ammonia and phosphate in the reactor influent and the operating pH of the reactor. The model is based on the assumptions that the reactor effluent is at equilibrium with respect to struvite, and that magnesium, ammonia and phosphate are removed in equimolar amounts. The system equilibrium was described by an equilibrium conditional solubility product curve, developed for a sample of digester supernatant taken during the study Phosphate release from the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge was found to be 13% of the total phosphorus load to the treatment plant, when digesting only 40% of the secondary sludge, significantly lower than predicted in a previous study (Niedbala, 1995). This is probably due to the recent practice of discharging aluminum-rich sludge from the city drinking water treatment plant to the wastewater treatment plant. Changing this practice could result in the production of significantly greater masses of product at similar costs, thus increasing the economic viability of the process. Further studies at larger scale and of longer duration would be required to determine the steady state struvite product qualities produced by this process. The market that the product will target will also be important in order to produce a desirable and profitable product.
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Liu, Hong-yi, and 劉鴻毅. "Study on the roles and quantification of 3-hydroxy fatty acids in the soma and supernatant of cultured Burkholderia cepacia complex." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78dh4t.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
生物科學研究所
97
Study on the roles and quantification of 3-hydroxy fatty acids in the soma and supernatant of cultured Burkholderia cepacia complex Abstract Although Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) divided into 9 of recA genomovars in present, the virulence to hosts in these genomovars were still undifferentiated. We hypothesized that, in cultural supernatants, the amounts of C14:0 3-OH fatty acids, the unique components of BCC lipopolysaccharides (LPS), acted as a biomarker for virulence, were related to the degrees of pathologically inflammatory effects on animals with BCC infection. Thirty-two strains were identified to BCC gonomorvarⅢa by the outcomes of biochemical and molecular tests, and typed to their genetic independence by the profiles of cellular fatty acid and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), respectively. To determine the concentration of fatty acids in supernatants, the quantitative profiles of each fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed. In this study, the instrument detection limits were reached to 26 ng/ml. The optimal reaction was defined as >90% in esterification for each fatty acid. The processing of samples were performed as that, after a 7 d-incubation, the cultural supernatants were acted as reactants and sequentially reacted to alkaline hydrolysis for 30 min and esterification for 10min. Among of the cultures of these isolates, the concentration of C14:0 3-OH fatty acid in supernatants was ranged from 19.3±0.4 to 133.7±3.6ng/ml. The molar ratio of C14:0/C16:0 3-OH fatty acid was calculated to be 1.78±0.3. With multiple regression analysis, a positive correlation was shown that the concentration of 3-OH fatty acids in supernatants of each isolates was against some levels of pathological effect (area of cell debris in liver) of Balb/c mice with tested BCC infection individually (R2=0.682). Results suggested that the concentration of C14:0 3-OH fatty acid in BCC cultural supernatants was acted as an indicator of virulence to the mice with the bacterial infection for 2 d. Keywords：Burkholderia cepacia complex, lipopolysaccharides, C14:0 3-OH fatty acid, Gas chromatography mass spectrometry
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Li, Yu-Ting, and 李侑庭. "Effects of the supernatant from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum fermented with curcium on upregulating the neprilysin and degrading the Beta-amyloid." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84174630934644109675.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
105
Alzheimer''s disease is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. It is a chronic neurological dysfunction that symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time. The study showed that Alzheimer''s disease as a kind of neurodegenerative disease. The disease is related to the fibrous β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) accumulated in brain. Neprilysin (NEP) is a kind of enzyme in body which can degrade Aβ and prevent the occurrence of Alzheimer''s disease. However the level of NEP will decrease with age. The study showed that turmeric can increase the level of NEP and slow down the Aβ accumulation rate. Due to the poor bioavailability of turmeric, it is not easy to be absorbed by body. As a result, the physiological effect of turmeric is limited. This study uses turmeric as material for Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation. Obtain the supernatant after centrifugation and filtration, then use the cell model to explore the samples to know whether it can enhance the level of NEP protein and degrade the Aβ accumulation or not. The result of bacteria screening showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum that fermented in turmeric grew better than other bacteria. Therefore, we treated the SH-SY5Y with fermentation supernatant, then used the Western blot and ELISA to analysis the the level of NEP and the Aβ-degrading activity respectively. The result of NEP level by treated with different concentration fermention was showed that the fermented group is higher than Control and Vehicle. Furthermore, the L. acidophilus 10% is the highest than others. Analysis the Aβ-degrading activity of SH-SY5Y treated with L. acidophilus 100%, L. acidophilus 10%, L. plantarum 10%, L. plantarum 100%, Vehicle, Control, we obtain the Aβ residue was 21830 pg/ml, 4194 pg/ml, 24436 pg/ml, 4648 pg/ml, 38497 pg/ml, 27966.7 pg/ml respectively. The results as above were far lower than Original group (172903 pg/ml). It also indicated that the LAB fermentation groups were lower than Control and Vehicle. Furthermore, the L. acidophilus 10% was the lowest. It showed L. acidophilus 10% had the best Aβ-degrading activity, as the same as the trend of NEP level result. These results indicate the supernatant from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum that fermented with Curcuma longa can effectively enhance the Neprilysin protein expression and degrade the β-amyloid.
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Becker, Eric [Verfasser]. "A combinatorial engineering approach to increase the productivity of CHO cells, and proteomic analysis of cell culture supernatant / vorgelegt von Eric Becker." 2009. http://d-nb.info/992696410/34.
Full text
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Wang, Tong, and 王彤. "Effects of speciation of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) on the removal of particles and speciation of residual Al in the supernatant after sedimentation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58454146062765818582.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
104
Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) is one of most frequently used coagulant for particle destabilization in water treatment. The speciation of PACl coagulant strongly affects the coagulation performance and residual Al species in the supernatant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed Al species on the removal of particles and speciation of residual Al after sedimentation. Three kinds of PACl coagulants with different fraction of monomeric Al (Ala), polymeric Al (Alb) and colloidal Al (Alc), namely PACl-1 (Ala/Alb/Alc=14/64/22), PACl-2 (Ala/Alb/Alc=47/31/22) and PACl-3 (Ala/Alb/Alc=56/22/22), were used in jar testing to evaluate the performance of coagulation with and without FeCl3 dosing. For coagulation with dual dosing, the ratio between PACl and FeCl3 dosing is 2:1. The composition and speciation of residual Al in the supernatant after sedimentation for coagulation with various PACl coagulants were determined with and without dual dosing. The result has shown that PACl coagulant with high ratio of Alb/Ala possesses strong charge neutralization ability to effectively destabilize particles at the optimum dosage of 2 mg/L as Al, which lowers total residual Al as well as dissolved Al in the supernatant, even though dual coagulation (PACl dosing mixed with FeCl3 coagulant). At such conditions, the average size and fractal dimension of flocs formed by mixing with PACl coagulants with high ratio of Alb/Ala are much smaller compared to PACl coagulants with lower ratio. The dissolved residual Al in the supernatant increases with Ala/Alb ratio of PACl coagulants regardless of dosage. With increasing PACl dosage, the quantity of Ala decreases and Alc increases in the supernatant after PACl-2 and PACl-3 coagulation, while Ala increases and Alc decreases after PACl-1 coagulation. The quantity of Alb in the supernatant increases with Alb/Ala of PACl coagulant.
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Czubak-Prowizor, Kamila. "Mechanizmy niepożądanych reakcji związanych z przetaczaniem koncentratów krwinek czerwonych w badaniach in vitro oraz in vivo." Phd diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/32966.
Full textAbstract:
Koncentraty krwinek czerwonych (KKCz) są najczęściej przetaczanym składnikiem krwi. Podstawowym wskazaniem do ich stosowania jest zagrażająca życiu niedokrwistość, która bardzo często towarzyszy przebiegowi choroby nowotworowej. Z tego powodu pacjenci onkologiczni najczęściej leczeni są KKCz. Podczas przechowywania w środowisku ex vivo (42 dni w temperaturze 4±2°C w roztworze wzbogacającym) w krwinkach czerwonych zachodzą progresywne zmiany związane z ich starzeniem i uszkodzenia oksydacyjne. Zmiany związane z przechowywaniem są szczegółowo opisane w literaturze, ale ich wpływ na częstość występowania reakcji poprzetoczeniowych nie jest dobrze poznany. Kliniczne konsekwencje przetaczania dłużej przechowywanych KKCz (z zaakceptowaną datą przydatności do 42 dni), są mało poznane i niejasne. Nadal trwa dyskusja czy przetaczanie długo przechowywanych i nie poddanych leukoredukcji jednostek KKCz jest mniej skuteczne i zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia niepożądanych reakcji poprzetoczeniowych.
Głównym celem pracy doktorskiej było określenie czy zmiany zachodzące w długo przechowywanych KKCz (w ostatnim dniu terminu przydatności) promują ich działanie pro-zakrzepowe, pro-oksydacyjne i czy mogą wzmagać proliferację komórek nowotworowych oraz ocena wpływu filtrowania jednostek przed przechowywaniem na te procesy. Zasadniczy cel pracy realizowano poprzez trzy cele szczegółowe, które obejmowały ocenę wpływu supernatantów (z filtrowanych i niefiltrowanych KKCz, w 1. i 42. dniu przechowywania) in vitro na (1) parametry czynnościowe (aktywację i reaktywność) płytek krwi, (2) wybrane linie komórek nowotworowych i cytotoksyczność leku przeciwnowotworowego cisplatyny (wobec tych komórek). Badania rozszerzono o określenie wpływu przetaczania KKCz lub koncentratu płytek krwi (KKP) na poziom stresu oksydacyjnego w osoczu pacjentów z AML.
Otrzymane wyniki pozwoliły stwierdzić, że supernatanty KKCz zwiększają aktywację i reaktywność płytek krwi; nadreaktywność płytek krwi po przetoczeniu KKCz może być jedną z przyczyn występowania powikłań zakrzepowo-zatorowych u niektórych biorców. Nie wykazano istotnego wpływu zastosowania filtrów antyleukocytarnych oraz czasu przechowywania jednostek KKCz na ich działanie pro-zakrzepowe, ani anty-proliferacyjne, co nie wskazuje na zasadność zmiany obecnie obowiązujących w bankach krwi zaleceń dotyczących terminu ważności, czy leukoredukcji KKCz. W zastosowanych warunkach doświadczalnych nie wykazano zwiększonego wzrostu i proliferacji komórek nowotworowych hodowanych w obecności supernatantów KKCz, przeciwnie wykazano, że supernatanty KKCz, niezależnie od dnia przechowywania i leukoredukcji, zmniejszają żywotność i hamują proliferację komórek nowotworowych (linii K-562, LoVo i MCF7) poprzez nasilenie w nich stresu oksydacyjnego, ale nie wykazują takiego działania wobec linii nienowotworowej (MCF-10A). Zagadnienie to wymaga jednak dalszych badań. W osoczu chorych z AML po przetoczeniu składników krwi, tj. KKCz lub KKP zwiększa się stres oksydacyjno-nitracyjny, co może mieć istotne znaczenie w przebiegu klinicznym choroby i zastosowanym leczeniu (chemioterapia).
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Boulanger, Mary Louise. "The effect of varying air supply upon supernatant quality in autoheated thermophilic aerobic digesters treating waste sludge from a biological phosphorus removal process." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3602.
Full textAbstract:
Return flows from sludge stabilization processes can have a significant impact on overall plant
design. This is especially true for biological phosphorus removal (Bio-P) processes, because high
phosphorus levels in return supernatant can defeat the purpose of the process.
Previous research determined that excess stored phosphorus in Bio-P waste sludge is released
to solution under both mesophilic aerobic and anaerobic digestion conditions. This research
investigated thermophilic aerobic digestion (commonly referred to as AT AD) of Bio-P waste
sludge, to determine the extent of phosphorus release. Because dissolved oxygen conditions
affect the release and uptake of phosphorus in Bio-P treatment, the effect of different aeration
levels on phosphorus release and general supernatant quality was also studied. Phosphorus (P)
release in ATADs was of special interest because field results indicated that these types of
digesters were capable of generating high concentrations of the volatile fatty acids (VFA's)
required to drive the phosphorus storage mechanism in Bio-P plants.
Two 72 liter pilot scale ATADs were used, operating in series with a 6 day total retention time.
The sludge feed was an average combination, in terms of VS, of 44 percent primary sludge and 56
percent Bio-P waste activated secondary sludge. The digesters were operated in batch mode on a
24 hour cycle. The temperature in ATAD 1 varied between 35 and 56°C, and the temperature in
ATAD 2 varied between 55 and 64°C. Average influent volatile solids concentrations varied
between 16600 and 18400 mg/L.
Three aeration conditions were defined by on-line monitoring of oxidation reduction potential
(ORP) and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO). The condition with the lowest airflow rate was
labelled "oxygen deprived", and was characterized by ORP generally less than -300 mV and DO
concentrations generally less than 1 mg/L in both digesters . The condition with a medium airflow
rate was labelled "oxygen satisfied", because ORP was above +100 mV and DO was greater than
1 mg/L by the end of the 24 hour cycle in ATAD 1, and conditions were always aerobic in ATAD
2. The condition with the highest airflow rate was labelled "oxygen excess", because ORP was
generally higher than +100 mV and DO was generally greater than 1 mg/L in both digesters.
Phosphorus and nitrogen balances were done for each aeration condition, and solids balances
were done for the oxygen deprived and the oxygen excess conditions. Other parameters
measured were total and soluble COD, volatile fatty acids, pH, and alkalinity.
Results indicated that total VS reduction was the same for both the oxygen deprived and the
oxygen excess conditions. A comparison of influent and effluent total COD concentration
confirmed that overall sludge stabilization in ATADs was not affected by airflow rate within the
range studied. Total VS reduction in the first digester in the series was similar to that predicted
by the EPA Design Curve for aerobic digesters.
Although total VS and COD reduction was not affected by airflow rate, the proportion of
soluble COD increased with decreasing airflow and the concentration of acetic acid was greater in
the oxygen deprived experiment than with the higher airflow rates. Dissolved nitrogen also
increased with decreasing airflow. Supernatant quality thus generally declined with decreasing
airflow.
The least amount of phosphorus released occurred under the oxygen satisfied condition, which
was characterized by alternate low ORP and high ORP conditions in ATAD 1. The greatest
amount of phosphorus release occurred under the oxygen deprived condition. In all cases, the
concentration of phosphorus in the supernatant would be of concern if that supernatant was
returned to the influent of a Bio-P treatment process.
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Chiang, Shu-Ching, and 江淑靜. "Effects of Probiotcis-Fermented Supernatant from Substrates Containing Oligosaccharides on the Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation and Antitoxicity of Human Colon Cell Line Int-407." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51619154504009541155.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
98
Prebiotics are usually non-digestible oligosaccharides to human. They are resistant to gastric acid and digestive enzymes so that they could reach into the large intestines and were fermented by the intestinal microbes. Recently, some research has focused on the functions of the metabolites and short chain fatty acids that they might suppress the proliferation of colon adenocarcinoma cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticytotoxic and antigentoxic effects of fermented supernatant by Lactobacillus casei 01, Bifidobaterium lactis Bb-12 and Lactobacillus plantarum in inulin, fructooligosacchardie (FOS), isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) and xylooligosaccharide (XOS) contained medium. The growth curves showed that three strains of probiotics could grow in the oligosaccharides-contained medium and the pH values were decreasing during the fermentation. The results showed that the fermented supernatant could suppress the proliferation of HT-29 (p ＜ 0.05) except L. plantarum-IMO group. In addition, the XOS-fermented supernatant showed the best suppression. The viability of 4NQO group was 54% and almost of cell viability in the test groups increased by treating with the fermented supernatant (p ＜ 0.05), and the FOS-fermented supernatant showed the best ability in the promoting the cell viability after 4NQO induced cell damages. Furthermore, we observed that the DNA tails reduced in the test groups significantly by comet assay (p ＜ 0.05). From the analysis of organic acids, the XOS-fermented supernatant contained higher concentration of total SCFAs that might contribute to the decreasing viabilities on HT-29. FOS-fermented supernatant contained the highest butyrate concentration which might contribute to the anticytotoxicity and antigenotoxicity.