Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Superconducting magnet energy storage'
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Varghese, Philip. "Magnet design considerations for superconductive magnetic energy storage." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02052007-081238/.
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Kumar, Prem. "Applications of superconducting magnetic energy storage systems in power systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44118.
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A Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system is a very efficient storage device capable of storing large amounts of energy. The primary applications it has been considered till now are load-leveling and system stabilization.This thesis explores new applications/benefits of SMES in power systems. Three areas have been identified.
â ¢ Using SMES in conjunction with PV systems.SMES because of their excellent dynamic response and PV being an intermittent source complement one another.A scheme for this hybrid system is developed and simulation done accordingly.
Using SMES in an Asynchronous link between Power Systems. SMES when used in a series configuration between two or more systems combines the benefits of asynchronous connection, interconnection and energy storage. A model of such a scheme has been developed and the control of such a scheme is demonstrated using the EMTP. The economic benefits of this scheme over pure power interchange, SMES operation alone and a battery/dc link is shown.
Improvement of transmission through the use of SMES. SMES when used for diurnal load leveling provides additional benefits like reduced transmission losses, reduced peak loading and more effective utilization of transmission facility, the impact of size and location on these benefits were studied, and if used as an asynchronous link provides power flow control.Master of Science
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Hawley, Christopher John. "Design and manufacture of a high temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage device." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060508.143200/index.html.
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Yuan, Weijia. "Second-generation high-temperature superconducting coils and their applications for energy storage." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/229754.
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Since a superconductor has no resistance below a certain temperature and can therefore save a large amount of energy dissipated, it is a 'green' material by saving energy loss and hence reducing carbon emissions. Recently the massive manufacture of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials has enabled superconductivity to become a preferred candidate to help generation and transportation of cleaner energy. One of the most promising applications of superconductors is Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems, which are becoming the enabling engine for improving the capacity, efficiency, and reliability of the electric system. SMES systems store energy in the magnetic field created by the flow of direct current in a superconducting coil. SMES systems have many advantages compared to other energy storage systems: high cyclic efficiency, fast response time, deep discharge and recharge ability, and a good balance between power density and energy density. Based on these advantages, SMES systems will play an indispensable role in improving power qualities, integrating renewable energy sources and energizing transportation systems. This thesis describes an intensive study of superconducting pancake coils wound using second-generation(2G) HTS materials and their application in SMES systems. The specific contribution of this thesis includes an innovative design of the SMES system, an easily calculated, but theoretically advanced numerical model to analyse the system, extensive experiments to validate the design and model, and a complete demonstration experiment of the prototype SMES system. This thesis begins with literature review which includes the introduction of the background theory of superconductivity and development of SMES systems. Following the literature review is the theoretical work. A prototype SMES system design, which provides the maximum stored energy for a particular length of conductors, has been investigated. Furthermore, a new numerical model, which can predict all necessary operation parameters, including the critical current and AC losses of the system, is presented. This model has been extended to analyse superconducting coils in different situations as well. To validate the theoretical design and model, several superconducting coils, which are essential parts of the prototype SMES system, together with an experimental measurement set-up have been built. The coils have been energized to test their energy storage capability. The operation parameters including the critical current and AC losses have been measured. The results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Finally the control system is developed and studied. A power electronics control circuit of the prototype SMES system has been designed and simulated. This control circuit can energize or discharge the SMES system dynamically and robustly. During a voltage sag compensation experiment, this SMES prototype monitored the power system and successfully compensated the voltage sag when required. By investigating the process of building a complete system from the initial design to the final experiment, the concept of a prototype SMES system using newly available 2G HTS tapes was validated. This prototype SMES system is the first step towards the implementation of future indsutrial SMES systems with bigger capacities, and the knowledge obtained through this research provides a comprehensive overview of the design of complete SMES systems.
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Superczynski, Matthew J. "Analysis of the Power Conditioning System for a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Unit." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34860.
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Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) has branched out from its application origins of load leveling, in the early 1970s, to include power quality for utility, industrial, commercial and military applications. It has also shown promise as a power supply for pulsed loads such as electric guns and electromagnetic aircraft launchers (EMAL) as well as for vital loads when power distribution systems are temporarily down. These new applications demand more efficient and compact high performance power electronics.
A 250 kW Power Conditioning System (PCS), consisting of a voltage source converter (VSC) and bi-directional two-quadrant DC/DC converter (chopper), was developed at the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES) under an ONR funded program. The project was to develop advanced power electronic techniques for SMES Naval applications. This thesis focuses on system analysis and development of a demonstration test plan to illustrate the SMES systems' ability to be multitasked for implementation on naval ships. The demonstration focuses on three applications; power quality, pulsed power and vital loads.
An integrated system controller, based on an Altera programmable logic device, was developed to coordinate charge/discharge transitions. The system controller integrated the chopper and VSC controller, configured applicable loads, and dictated sequencing of events during mode transitions.
Initial tests with a SMES coil resulted in problems during mode transitions. These problems caused uncontrollable transients and caused protection to trigger and processors to shut down. Accurate models of both the Chopper and VSC were developed and an analysis of these mode transition transients was conducted. Solutions were proposed, simulated and implemented in hardware. Successful operation of the system was achieved and verified with both a low temperature superconductor here at CPES and a high temperature superconductor at The Naval Research Lab.Master of Science
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Yunus, A. M. Shiddiq. "Application of SMES Unit to improve the performance of doubly fed induction generator based WECS." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1450.
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Due to the rising demand of energy over several decades, conventional energy resources have been continuously and drastically explored all around the world. As a result, global warming is inevitable due to the massive exhaust of CO2 into the atmosphere from the conventional energy sources. This global issue has become a high concern of industrial countries who are trying to reduce their emission production by increasing the utilization of renewable energies such as wind energy. Wind energy has become very attractive since the revolution of power electronics technology, which can be equipped with wind turbines. Wind energy can be optimally captured with wind turbine converters. However, these converters are very sensitive if connected with the grid as grid disturbances may have a catastrophic impact on the overall performance of the wind turbines.In this thesis, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is applied on wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) that are equipped with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) during the presence of voltage sags and swells in the grid side. Without SMES, certain levels of voltage sags and swells in the grid side may cause a critical operating condition that may require disconnection of WECS to the grid. This condition is mainly determined by the voltage profile at the point of common coupling (PCC), which is set up differently by concerned countries all over the world. This requirement is determined by the transmission system operator (TSO) in conjunction with the concerned government. The determined requirement is known as grid codes or fault ride through (FRT) capability.The selection of a SMES unit in this thesis is based on its advantages over other energy storage technologies. Compared to other energy storage options, the SMES unit is ranked first in terms of highest efficiency, which is 90-99%. The high efficiency of the SMES unit is achieved by its low power loss because electric currents in the coil encounter almost no resistance and there are no moving parts, which means no friction losses. Meanwhile, DFIG is selected because it is the most popular installed WECS over the world. In 2004 about 55% of the total installed WECS worldwide were equipped with DFIG. There are two main strategies that can be applied to meet the grid requirements of a particular TSO. The first strategy is development of new control techniques to fulfil the criterion of the TSOs. This strategy, however, is applicable only to the new WECS that have not been connected to the power grid. If new control techniques are applied to the existing gridconnected WECSs, they will not be cost effective because the obsolete design must be dismantled and re-installed to comply with current grid code requirements. The second strategy is the utilization of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices or storage energy devices to meet the grid code requirements. This strategy seems more appropriate for implementation in the existing WECS-grid connection in order to comply with the current grid code requirements. By appropriate design, the devices might be more cost effective compared to the first strategy, particularly for the large wind farms that are already connected to the grid.A new control algorithm of a SMES unit, which is simple but still involves all the important parameters, is employed in this study. Using the hysteresis current control approach in conjunction with a fuzzy logic controller, the SMES unit successfully and effectively improves the performance of the DFIG during voltage sag and swell events in the grid side; thus, this will prevent the WECS equipped with DFIG from being disconnected from the grid according to the selected fault ride through used in this study. The dynamic study of DFIG with SMES during short load variation is carried out as an additional advantage of SMES application on a DFIG system. In this study, the proposed SMES unit is controlled to compensate the reduced transfer power of DFIG during the short load variation event. Moreover, the SMES unit is also engaged in absorbing/storing some amount of excessive power that might be transferred to the grid when the local loads are suddenly decreased. Finally, the studies of intermittent misfires and fire-through that take place within the converters of DFIG are carried out in order to investigate the impact of these converter faults on the performance of DFIG. In this part, the proposed SMES unit is controlled to effectively improve the DFIG’s performance in order to prevent it from being disconnected or shut down from the power grid during the occurrence of these intermittent switching faults.
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Arsoy, Aysen. "Electromagnetic Transient and Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a StatCom-SMES Compensator in Power Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27225.
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Electromagnetic transient and dynamic modeling and simulation studies are presented for a StatCom-SMES compensator in power systems. The transient study aims to better understand the transient process and interaction between a high power/high voltage SMES coil and its power electronics interface, dc-dc chopper. The chopper is used to attach the SMES coil to a StatCom. Following the transient study, the integration of a StatCom with SMES was explored to demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined compensator in damping power oscillations. The transient simulation package PSCAD/EMTDC has been used to perform the integrated modeling and simulation studies.
A state of the art review of SMES technology was conducted. Its applications in power systems were discussed chronologically. The cost effective and feasible applications of this technology were identified. Incorporation of a SMES coil into an existing StatCom controller is one of the feasible applications, which can provide improved StatCom operation, and therefore much more flexible and controllable power system operation.
The SMES coil with the following unique design characteristics of 50MW (96 MW peak), 100 MJ, 24 kV interface has been used in this study. As a consequence of the high power/ high voltage interface, special care needs to be taken with overvoltages that can stress the insulation of the coil. This requires an investigation of transient overvoltages through a detailed modeling of SMES and its power electronics interface. The electrical model for the SMES coil was developed based on geometrical dimensions of the coil. The interaction between the SMES coil and its power electronics interface (dc-dc chopper for the integration to StatCom) was modeled and simulated to identify transient overvoltages. Transient suppression schemes were developed to reduce these overvoltages. Among these are MOV implementation, surge capacitors, different configurations of the dc-dc chopper.
The integration of the SMES coil to a StatCom controller was developed, and its dynamic behavior in damping oscillations following a three-phase fault was investigated through a number of simulation case studies. The results showed that the addition of energy storage to a StatCom controller can improve the StatCom-alone operation and can possibly reduce the MVA rating requirement for the StatCom operating alone. The effective location selection of a StatCom-SMES controller in a generic power system is also discussed.Ph. D.
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Nielsen, Knut Erik. "Superconducting magnetic energy storage in power systems with renewable energy sources." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10817.
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The increasing focus on large scale integration of new renewable energy sources like wind power and wave power introduces the need for energy storage. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) is a promising alternative for active power compensation. Having high efficiency, very fast response time and high power capability it is ideal for levelling fast fluctuations. This thesis investigates the feasibility of a current source converter as a power conditioning system for SMES applications. The current source converter is compared with the voltage source converter solution from the project thesis. A control system is developed for the converter. The modulation technique is also investigated. The SMES is connected in shunt with an induction generator, and is facing a stiff network. The objective of the SMES is to compensate for power fluctuations from the induction generator due to variations in wind speed. The converter is controlled by a PI-regulator and a current compensation technique deduced from abc-theory. Simulations on the system are carried out using the software PSIM. The simulations have proved that the SMES works as both an active and reactive power compensator and smoothes power delivery to the grid. The converter does however not seem like an optimum solution at the moment. High harmonic distortion of the output currents is the main reason for this. However this system might be interesting for low power applications like wave power. I
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Li, Jianwei. "Design and assessment of the superconducting magnetic energy storage and the battery hybrid energy storage system." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760945.
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Ho, Tracey 1976. "High-speed permanent magnet motor generator for flywheel energy storage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80068.
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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 139).
by Tracey Chui Ping Ho.
S.B.and M.Eng.
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Shirai, Yasuyuki. "STUDIES ON POWER SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE." Kyoto University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/74715.
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Ciceron, Jérémie. "Superconducting magnetic energy storage with second-generation high temperature superconductors." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT012/document.
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En chargeant en courant une inductance supraconductrice, on stock de l’énergie magnétique. Ce principe est appelé SMES pour Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage. Ce type de dispositifs a une densité d’énergie relativement faible mais peut avoir une densité de puissance élevée. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet BOSSE, qui vise à mettre au point un démonstrateur de SMES dans la gamme du MJ. Ce SMES sera à la fois plus compacte que ses prédécesseurs et battra le record actuel d’énergie spécifique d’un bobinage supraconducteur en atteignant 20 kJ/kg. Cet objectif sera atteint grâce à l’utilisation de supraconducteurs haute température critique de seconde génération, dits conducteurs « REBCO ».Cette thèse aborde de manière générale la problématique du design de SMES et propose des éléments de réflexion et des solutions pour un pré-design rapide du bobinage d’un SMES. Le design du SMES à haute densité d’énergie du projet BOSSE est détaillé.Des éléments modulaires (galettes de ruban REBCO) du SMES ont été fabriqués et testés en champ propre et sous champ magnétique externe. Les méthodes et les résultats de détection de transition des galettes de l’état supraconducteur vers l’état normal sont présentés. Ces détections ont permis de garantir l’intégrité des galettes REBCO lors de transitions, même à très forte densité de courant (980 A/mm2 dans le conducteur nu).Ce travail est soutenu par la DGA (Direction Générale de l’Armement)Magnetic energy is stored when a superconducting inductance is fed with current. This principle is called SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage). This kind of device has a relatively low energy density but can have a high power density. This PhD work has been conducted in the frame of the BOSSE project with the objective to develop a SMES demonstrator in the MJ range. This SMES will be especially compact and will reach a specific energy of 20 kJ/kg of winding, which is 50 % over the current world record for a superconducting coil. This performance is made possible by the use of 2nd generation high critical temperature superconductors, so-called “REBCO” conductors.This work tackles the general problematic of SMES design and proposes elements of reflection and solutions for fast pre-design of a SMES winding. The design of the high specific energy SMES of the BOSSE project is presented in detail.Modular elements (pancakes of REBCO tapes) of the SMES have been manufactured and tested in self-field and under background magnetic field. During these tests, transitions from superconducting state to normal state have been detected. These early detections have prevented the pancakes to be damaged when transitions occurred, even at very high current density (980 A/mm2 in the bare conductor). The measurement method is presented, as well as the results of the tests.The BOSSE project has been funded by the DGA (French Defence Procurement Agency)
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Bowers, Brian J. (Brian Jeffrey). "Integrated cryogenic refrigeration system design for superconducting magnetic energy storage systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42681.
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Zheng, David Z. "Impacts of superconducting magnetic energy storage unit on power system stability." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040323/.
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Salih, Embaiya. "Superconducting magnetic energy storage for power system stability and quality enhancement." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2084.
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The stability of power systems has become the most critical issue affecting their quality and performance. Concerns over climate change are now moving the energy sector into a new era of modern power grids. To sustain the reliable operation of power systems and improve the quality of power generation, several instability issues that affect the quality of the operation of power systems are addressed in this thesis. The first is the fluctuations in generated power due to variations in wind velocity in wind power systems. The fluctuation in the wind, which is the main energy source in a wind power system, leads directly to voltage and frequency fluctuations in both generation and load and affects the stability of power systems. In microgrids, a long period of transient, which occurs after the switching operation of microgrid (MG) and load demand changes, is the second issue addressed. The third instability issue is the impact of instability on the power load because of voltage and frequency variations.
Therefore, as a contribution to overcoming the impacts of these instability issues on power systems, this thesis proposes to apply a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)-based neural network (NN) control strategy to enhance the quality of the wind power supply, increase the stability of the MG, and protect critical power loads. In this research, as a method, NNs and the adaptive control method are proposed and applied to control the power flow via its power conversion system. NNs are applied to forecast renewable energy as a short-term prediction of wind power fluctuations. The backpropagation function is used for training the NNs on wind speed variations and then NN is used as a predictive controller. To increase the stability of wind power systems, the proposed SMES-based NN is connected to a wind power system for stabilising wind power fluctuations. SMES-based NN is also applied to an MG to reduce the transient period that occurs after switching of the MG and because of the load demand changes. Furthermore, SMES is operated as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to reduce the fluctuations in generated power to protect the critical loads.
In this research, an NN controller is built and trained to predict and track the fluctuations of wind power. This NN controller as a reference model, along with the adaptive control strategy, is implemented and applied as a control system for SMES. The behaviour of the proposed system is verified to decrease the voltage and frequency fluctuations in wind power supply with variations of wind speed. The results show that with a high dynamic response, the proposed NN controller based SMES maintains the voltage and frequency within acceptable limits and stabilises its generating power significantly. Also, the reliability of the SMES-NN for stabilising an MG is investigated. The results verify that the MG was stabilised under the proposed power controller. Moreover, the system’s ability to protect and support the loads during power interruptions and instability events affecting the quality of the supply is tested. The results show that as a short-term storage system, the UPS-SMES efficiently protects the loads by injecting power into the system when it is needed.
Consequently, this research with the developed techniques of reducing instability impacts on power systems could underpin the reliability of renewable power sources as well as supporting and protecting equipment and power loads from such critical issues.
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Celanovic, Nikola. "Space Vector Modulation and Control of Multilevel Converters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29164.
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This dissertation is the result of research and development of a power conditioning system for Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage System. The dominant challenge of this research was to develop the power conditioning system that can match slowly varying dc voltage and dc current on the super conductive magnet side with the ac voltages and ac currents on the utility side. At the same time the power conditioning system was required to provide a bi-directional power flow to the superconductive magnet.
The focus of this dissertation is a three-level diode clamped dc-ac converter which is a principle part of the power conditioning system. Accordingly, this dissertation deals with the space vector modulation of three-level converters and introduces a computationally very efficient three-level space vector modulation algorithm that is experimentally verified.
Furthermore, the proposed space vector modulation algorithm is successfully generalized to allow equally efficient, real time implementation of space vector modulation to dc-ac converters with virtually any number of levels. The most important advantage of the proposed concept is in the fact that the number of instructions required to implement the algorithm is almost independent from the number of levels in a multilevel converter.
More on the side of the control of multilevel converters, the particular attention in this dissertation is paid to the problem of charge balance in the split dc-link capacitors of three-level neutral-point-clamped converters. It is a known fact that although the charge balance in the neutral point can be maintained on a line cycle level, a significant third harmonic current flows into the neutral point for certain loading conditions, causing the neutral point voltage ripple. The logical consequence of that ripple is the deteriorated quality of the output voltage waveforms as well as the increased voltage stress on the switching devices.
This was the motivation to more carefully explore the loading conditions that cause the unbalance, as well as to study the fundamental limitations of dc-link capacitor charge balancing algorithms. As a part of that work, a new model of the neutral point current in the rotating coordinate frame is developed as a tool in investigation of theoretical limitations and in providing some intuitive insight into the problem. Additionally, the low frequency ripple is quantified and guidelines are offered that can help size the dc-link capacitors.
Because the study of the neutral point balance identified the loading conditions, that under some possible system constraints, cause an unavoidable neutral point voltage ripple, a feed forward type of control method is developed next. The proposed feed forward algorithm can effectively prevent the neutral point voltage ripple from creating distortions in the converter output voltage under all loading conditions and without causing additional disturbance in the neutral point voltage. The feed forward method is developed for a sine triangle as well as for the space vector type PWM algorithm.
The simulation results that include the full dynamic model of the converter and load system validate the feed forward approach and prove that the feed forward algorithm can effectively compensate the effect of the neutral point voltage ripple. The simulation results are than experimentally verified.Ph. D.
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Takashima, Yoshifumi, Takashi Yamane, Yoshikazu Takeda, Kazuo Soda, Shinya Yagi, Tsunehiro Takeuchi, Koichi Akimoto, et al. "Nagoya University Photo-Science Nanofactory Project." American Institite of Physics, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11989.
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Jagau, Hartmut. "Design of a permanent magnet generator for a sustainable wind energy capture and storage system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12436.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThe main objective of this dissertation is the detailed design, sizing, analysis and experimental validation of the sustainable wind generator. The proposed machine topology for the generator uses permanent magnets (PMs) from discarded hard disk drives (HDDs). The PM configuration inherently produces a non-uniform air gap flux-density distribution and the pole pitches of the PMs are relatively small. This would result to an unbalanced generator output and a number of stator inter-connecting leads, if conventional tooth-concentrated non-overlapping winding configurations are used. Hence, a concentrated full-pitch overlapping wave winding configuration is developed, which overcomes the aforementioned challenges. The proposed sustainable coreless axial flux generator is then analyzed with classical machine theory and verified by finite element analysis (FEA) software. It is shown that the traditional sizing approach for axial flux machines needs modification to accommodate the design of the proposed machine topology. For the numerical analysis, 3D-FEA is used to verify the 2Dmodel which is subsequently employed in the numerical analyses.
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Kvarnström, Joakim. "Increasing the efficiency of the CERN accelerators by use of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-450949.
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This report explains how an SMES is operated and how SMES systems could be used to increase the efficiency of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Future Circular Collider (FCC) as well as to reduce the very high power needs of a future Muon Collider (MC). The performance of SMES for other applications and late developments of the technique will also be described.
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Pal, Bikash Chandra. "Robust damping control of inter-area oscillations in power systems with superconducting magnetic energy storage devices." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7179.
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Gaudron, Duflos Bénédicte. "Stabilisation de l'alternateur entièrement supraconducteur par un régulateur a bobine supraconductrice de stockage d'énergie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL004N.
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Cette thèse traite du problème de la stabilisation de l'alternateur entièrement supraconducteur dimensionné en minimisant le volume de supraconducteur utilisé. La stabilité de cet alternateur est étudiée aussi bien analytiquement en calculant les pôles des fonctions de transfert que lors des défauts de court-circuit et de report de charge définis par le cahier des charges d'électricité de France. Un premier chapitre est consacre a la mise en équations du système forme d'un alternateur et d'un réseau de puissance infinie sous l'hypothèse de petites variations au tour d'un point de fonctionnement. Dans le chapitre trois, on examine la stabilité de l'alternateur aussi bien en petits mouvements que lors de défauts brusques en fonction de ses caractéristiques. Le régulateur envisagé au chapitre quatre est celui dit à quatre boucles réglant l'excitation de la machine. Ses performances ne sont pas suffisantes pour stabiliser l'alternateur entièrement supraconducteur considéré. Au chapitre cinq, on a étudié la faisabilité et le mode de stabilisation du régulateur à bobine supraconductrice de stockage d'énergie. Une étude des pôles des fonctions de transfert montre que ce système permet d'améliorer la stabilité statique grâce à des échanges de puissance réactive et l'amortissement des oscillations grâce à des échanges de puissance active. Mais seuls les alternateurs entièrement supraconducteurs de faible réactance transitoire longitudinale peuvent être stabilisés par ce type de régulateur. Un dernier chapitre donne un dimensionnement d'une maquette de ce régulateur pour un alternateur de 3 kW
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Talami, Matteo. "Modeling of the Toroidal Field Insert coil for the ITER Project." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12916/.
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Il contenuto della tesi riguarda le analisi numeriche e sperimentali effettuate su un campione di cavo superconduttivo del sistema magnetico del reattore sperimentale per la fusione nucleare “ITER”. In particolare, il campione di cavo denominato “Toroidal Field Insert” o “TFI”, appartiene al sistema magnetico toroidale della macchina e viene inserito in un solenoide esterno in modo da replicare le condizioni di campo magnetico tipiche del normale funzionamento di questo conduttore. Le analisi sperimentali effettuate sul campione sono mirate alla caratterizzazione del comportamento durante un ipotetico ciclo di vita del cavo. I parametri principalmente studiati risultano essere: la caratterizzazione dello stato superconduttivo prima e dopo le varie sollecitazioni imposte, l’efficacia idraulica del raffreddamento e la stabilità termica del magnete. In modo complementare alla analisi dei dati sperimentali, due modelli numerici a diverse scale sono stati sviluppati e testati: un primo modello, alla scala di sistema, si occupa dello studio termico e idraulico dell’intera porzione di cavo testata; il secondo, alla scala di componente, si occupa della simulazione elettromagnetica di un riscaldatore induttivo installato sul conduttore volto a misurarne la stabilità. Il confronto tra l’analisi numerica e quella sperimentale ha permesso la comprensione dei principali fenomeni in gioco e la caratterizzazione del conduttore testato.
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Schmidt, Frank. "Die Bedeutung der Segregations- und Oxidationsneigung Seltener Erden für die Einstellung hartmagnetischer intermetallischer Phasen in SmCo-basierten Nanopartikeln." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234251.
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Aufgrund der sehr hohen magnetokristallinen Anisotropiekonstante eignet sich besonders die Phase SmCo5 für zukünftige Festplattenmedien mit hoher Speicherdichte. Durch die starke Oxidationsneigung und die gegebene chemischen Ähnlichkeit anderer Seltenen Erden ist es eine Herausforderung hartmagnetische SmCo-basierte Nanopartikel mittels Inertgaskondensation herzustellen. Zudem bestimmt die Oberflächenenergie maßgeblich die Eigenschaften von Nanopartikeln, sodass ein Element mit einer geringen solchen energetisch bevorzugt die Oberfläche bildet.
Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, wie die sauerstoffbasierte Oxidation und die unterschiedlichen Oberflächenenergien der legierungsbildenden Elemente die Struktur, die Morphologie und die chemische Verteilung der Elemente innerhalb der Nanopartikel beeinflussen und so die Legierungsbildung einer hartmagnetischen Sm(Pr)Co-Phase steuern. Mithilfe von aberrationskorrigierter, hochauflösender Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie in Verbindung mit Elektronenenergieverlustspektroskopie werden Morphologie, Elementverteilung und Struktur von unterschiedlich hergestellten Sm(Pr)Co-Nanopartikeln untersucht und analysiert. Die auftretende Segregation der Seltenen Erden an die Oberfläche der Nanopartikel wird zum einen auf eine sauerstoffinduzierte, zum anderen auf eine intrinsische Segregation, also eine durch unterschiedliche Oberflächenenergien der legierungsbildenden Elementen hervorgerufene Segregation zurückgeführt. Anhand eines entwickelten geometrischen Modells wird zwischen den beiden Ursachen der Segregation unterschieden. Das Verständnis um die kausalen Zusammenhänge der Segregation lässt den Schritt zur Herstellung hartmagnetischer intermetallischer SmCo-basierter Nanopartikel zu. Hierzu werden speziell Nanopartikelagglomerate geformt und optisch in einem Lichtofen erhitzt, sodass die Primärpartikel in den Agglomeraten versintern und schließlich das resultierende sphärische Partikel kristallisiert. HRTEM-Aufnahmen und Elektronenbeugung bestätigen die erfolgreiche Herstellung von SmCo5- und Sm2Co17-basierten Nanopartikeln. Die Koerzitivfeldstärke dieser Partikelensembles beträgt 1,8T und einem Maximum in der Schaltfeldverteilung bei 3,6T. Die magnetischen Eigenschaften spiegeln die analysierten strukturellen, morphologischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Nanopartikel wider.
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Youard, Timothy John. "Feasibility of an Electric Jetpack." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5293.
Full textAbstract:
The Martin Aircraft Company Limited has been developing the Martin Jetpack for over 25 years. The recent worldwide launch of the Jetpack has enabled the company to step up its research and development programme. The goal of this project was to determine the feasibility of an electrically powered version of the Martin Jetpack. The feasibility of the Electric Jetpack was determined by researching energy storage technologies, researching power cable technologies, simulations of flight times, surveys of electric motors, and the development of a simulation program which was used to optimise some preliminary custom motor designs. The overall conclusion of this project was that the Electric Jetpack was feasible only when it was powered through a tethered power cable, and on-board energy storage was not used.
An investigation into current energy storage technologies showed that the Electric Jetpack is not considered feasible when using on-board energy storage, however it is possible to obtain flight for a very short time. The energy storage technologies studied were batteries, fuel cells, and ultra-capacitors. It was found that the best performing technology was the lithium iron nano-phosphate battery. A simulation of flight time showed that this battery type would be able to provide flight for approximately 3.6 minutes. Future trends indicated that the Electric Jetpack with on-board energy storage may eventually be feasible when using a lithium-ion based battery due to improvements being made in energy density and power density.
By using a tethered power cable, the weight of the on-board energy storage could be eliminated. This was shown to be a feasible method for powering the Electric Jetpack for applications where the Jetpack needs to only be operated in a small area. The best cable type to use was a multi-stranded flexible cable operating at a high DC bus voltage. The weight of a 5 meter power cable using a 1000 V bus voltage was shown to be 4.9 kg. Potential applications for this kind of Jetpack could include thrill rides and rescue operations from multi-storied buildings. A cable made from carbon nanotubes was shown to be a future technology that could offer a lighter cable.
A survey of currently available electric motors showed that none met both the power density and speed required by the Electric Jetpack, even when using a tethered power cable to eliminate the energy storage weight. Because of this, a custom motor design was needed. Research into motor technologies showed that the permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor was the most suited type for the Electric Jetpack. The permanent magnet brushless AC (PMBLAC) motor was also suitable. A PMBLDC motor simulation program was developed using MATLAB which could be used to optimise preliminary custom designs. A characterisation of allowable motor time constants for the PMBLDC motor type was made in order to speed up the simulation time.
The optimisation results showed that a power density of 5.41 kW/kg was achievable for the motor when it was located inside the ducted fan tubes, and a power density of 6.56 kW/kg was achievable when the motor was located outside the ducted fans and operated at a higher speed. The motor designs were shown to be within the expected torque per unit rotor volume (TRV) range for aerospace machines. The best power density figures would leave between 37 kg and 42 kg of weight for the motor driver/controller, cable weight, and miscellaneous motor parts. This was considered to be feasible. An FEM simulation was made on one of the optimised motor designs. The FEM results agreed with the parametric results within reasonable accuracy. The parametric back-EMF waveform over-estimated the effects of slotting.
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Sadeghzadeh, Nokhodberiz Seyed Mohammad. "Amélioration de la stabilité transitoire des oscillations d'un réseau électrique à l'aide de SMES et de SSSC." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0033.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce travail, la stabilité transitoire et l'amortissement des oscillations dans les réseaux électriques sont améliorés en utilisant la commande en ligne du SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) et du SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator). Les commandes proposées sont basées sur la théorie de la logique floue. Dans le cas du SSSC, elle est associée à la fonction d'énergie transitoire. Nous avons également associé une loi de type mode glissant pour éliminer le lien hors ligne entre la commande du SMES et le centre de contrôle des réseaux. Ceci permet un maintien du fonctionnement du régulateur en l'absence de phase d'apprentissage. Le SMES et le SSSC sont connectés à un point intermédiaire d'une longue ligne qui relie deux parties du réseau. Une réalisation pratique du régulateur à été étudié et les mesures nécessaires pour la commande peuvent s'obtenir à partir du noeud auquel est connecté le régulateur. Afin de valider les commandes proposées, elles ont été implantées en simulation sur deux exemples de réseaux : un réseau comportant une ligne et le réseau de New England. Les résultats obtenus montrent une amélioration considérable du temps critique d'élimination du défaut ainsi que l'amortissement des oscillations après le défaut. Notre méthode a également apporté une augmentation de la capacité de transfert correspondant aux lignes de transmission
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Ham, Wan Kyun. "Active and reactive power control model of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for the improvement of power system stability." Thesis, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3120301.
Full text
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Simões, Francisco Luís Gonçalves. "Assessment of Using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for Current Harmonic Compensation." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/133296.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis was developed in the frame of the increasing need for power quality control due
to the presence of non-linear loads connected to the grid that inject undesired harmonics.
The absence of research regarding the simulation of Superconducting Magnetic Energy
Storage technology in this type of application made it an interesting approach to study and
develop, with the additional benefit of creating an open-source project to catalyze further
research. This harmonic correction was achieved by using an active filter composed of a
voltage source converter, a capacitor, and a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
unit. Using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage technology allows the use of this
type of system in renewable generation, more specifically wind farms, reducing production
variation and ensuring an increased power quality of the electrical grid. This work exhibits a
positive result of using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage technology on harmonic
correction and catalyzes further simulation research and possibly a practical application
derived from this work’s developments and provided tools.Esta tese foi desenvolvida no contexto do aumento de cargas não lineares conectadas à rede que injetam harmónicas indesejadas e a consequente necessidade de controlo de qualidade da energia fornecida. A ausência de material de estudo relativo à simulação da tecnologia de armazenamento de energia em bobinas supercondutoras neste tipo de aplicação foi interessante para o estudo e desenvolvimento, com o benefício adicional de criar um projeto para catalisar novos desenvolvimentos. Esta correção de harmónicas foi obtida por meio de um filtro ativo composto por um conversor baseado numa fonte de tensão, um condensador e uma unidade de bobinas supercondutoras. O uso de tecnologia de armazenamento de energia em bobinas supercondutoras permite a utilização deste tipo de sistemas em fontes de energia renovável, mais especificamente em parques eólicos, atenuando as variações na produção e garantindo a qualidade de energia da rede elétrica. Deste trabalho resulta um resultado positivo do uso da tecnologia de armazenamento de energia em bobinas supercondutoras na correção de harmónicas e catalisa novas pesquisas de simulação e, possivelmente, uma aplicação prática que tenha como base os desenvolvimentos deste trabalho e das ferramentas fornecidas.
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Pombeiro, João Pedro Aurélio. "Contributos para o projeto de sistemas SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) para melhoria na qualidade da energia." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/59919.
Full textAbstract:
Existem vários sistemas de armazenamento de energia elétrica, esta dissertação irá incidir essencialmente nos sistemas Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES).
Inicialmente, para um melhor entendimento destes sistemas é necessário estudar concei-tos como a supercondutividade e materiais supercondutores, particularmente os superconduto-res de alta temperatura (HTS).
Nesta dissertação irão ser abordadas diversas aplicações destes sistemas. Serão desta-cados os sistemas SMES com tecnologia HTS, pois são os que vão ao encontro dos temas abordados ao longo do presente trabalho. Sendo realizada uma breve análise de como estes sistemas podem melhorar a qualidade da energia elétrica (QEE).
O principal contributo que esta dissertação pretende dar é a construção de um algoritmo (desenvolvido em software MATLAB) capaz de obter as especificações para o dimensionamento de uma bobina supercondutora para um sistema SMES. Os dados necessários por parte do utilizador são as especificações da fita supercondutora, a energia que o utilizador pretende ar-mazenar, o número de bobinas que pretende utilizar e a distância entre bobinas.
Os resultados obtidos a partir do algoritmo são posteriormente simulados através de um software de elementos finitos (COMSOL Multiphysics) de forma a demonstrar que os mesmos são válidos.
29
Liu, Sheng-ying, and 劉昇穎. "Dynamic Simulations of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93590078231643505840.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
電子工程學系碩士班
93
A superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system can achieve high-speed, high-rating power exchange, including both active and reactive power. This thesis presents the dynamic simulations of a SMES system by means of the MATLAB/SIMULINK toolbox, power system blockset (PSB). However, with the modern powerful personal computer technology, the time consumed is nevertheless lengthy. In order to save the simulation time required, this thesis develops a simplified model of the SMES. The simplified model simulations can be completed in couple of seconds, and the final results agree with the one used by the PSB.
30
Lee, Shin-Muh, and 李新木. "Damping subsynchronous resonance using superconducting magnetic energy storage unit." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33158179835374966921.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程研究所
81
This thesis investigates a damping scheme using superconducting ing magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit to damp subsynchronous resonance (SSR) of the IEEE Second Benchmark Model, system-1 which is a widely employed standard model for computer simulation of SSR. In order to stabilize all SSR modes, simultaneous active and reactive power modulation and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) damping controller designed by modal control theory are proposed for the SMES unit. Frequency-domain approach based on eigenvalue analysis and time-domain approach based on nonlinear model simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed damping method.It can be concluded from the simulation results that the proposed damping scheme can effectively suppress SSR of the studied system.
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Lee, Ying-Te, and 李盈德. "Electrical Power Interchanges using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76514995075525370908.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
電機工程學系碩士班
94
This objective of this thesis is to investigate the operation of the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system. A SMES system can absorb and supply electric power instantly. It comprises a superconducting coil (SC) and a converter. The SC is for energy storage. Electric energy stored in a SC is in the form of dc current. Therefore, an interface that can exchange the stored energy in an SC is required. In this thesis, the converter can employ either a rectifier or a chopper. Several computer simulations demonstrate the dynamics of an SMES system.
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Sheelvardhan, K. "Analysis and simulation of superconducting magnetic energy storage system." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5576/1/e-thesis_41.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Subject field of the energy charging, storing and discharging characteristics of the Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage system have been theoretically studied in the time to make an integrated mathematical model and the simulation model to analyses the characteristics of charging and discharging practically in Matlab. In this paper a novel controller is designed for controlling the Magnetic Energy storage system ensure (a) fast return of energy to the superconducting coil under constant current mode and (b) a constant and sinusoidal input supply current irrespective of the varying load demand with and without harmonics. A special feature of this controller is its ability to smoothly charge the superconducting coil using constant current charging so that it can be ready for the next discharging operation as soon as possible. Matlab, Simulink is done under this paper with Matlab coding for generating the graph. The results suggest that the Theoretical and Simulink graph is approximately similar and with is the more simple Controller is designed for the Energy Discharging.
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Badel, Arnaud. "Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Haute Température Critique comme Source Impulsionnelle." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654844.
Full textAbstract:
Le principe d'un SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) est le stockage d'énergie dans l'induction magnétique créé par une bobine court-circuitée. Dans ce travail, les possibilités offertes par les SMES en matériau supraconducteur haute température critique sont étudiées pour l'application source impulsionnelle. L'étude est plus particulièrement orientée vers l'alimentation de lanceurs électromagnétiques, pour laquelle l'utilisation de SMES est comparée à l'alimentation conventionnelle par banc de condensateurs. Dans ce cadre, de nouveaux concepts de SMES adaptés à la charge sont proposés, permettant des gains conséquents en terme de rendement énergétique global. En parallèle, la faisabilité pratique d'une alimentation de lanceur par SMES est envisagée par la réalisation d'un démonstrateur. Celui-ci est une évolution d'un dispositif existant testé avec succès en 2007. La réalisation de ce démonstrateur a permis de valider des solutions technologiques concernant notamment le refroidissement et la tenue diélectrique d'un SMES hTc de forte puissance. Ce travail est soutenu par la DGA (Délégation Générale pour l'Armement).
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Mishra, B. "Study of power conditioning system of superconducting magnetic energy storage system." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5914/1/E-88.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES) can be utilized for the compensation of nonlinear and pulsating loads. In this paper a power conditioning system (PCS) is designed to achieve SMES to work as a shunt active power filter and power conditioner at the same time. Two Hysteresis band controllers have been implemented to obtain (i) a sinusoidal input source current in phase with fundamental component of line to neutral source voltage irrespective of the load conditions (ii) Charging and discharging of SMES under constant voltage control mode. DC link voltage is kept constant by DC/DC Bidirectional Converter and source current is controlled by Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The magnitude of reference source current is obtained by controlling the energy of SMES by using Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). As it is a nonlinear controller it gives better performance than previously used PI controller in parameter variations and load disturbances. Analysis of the circuit operation under Fuzzy controller is presented in detail. Simulation has been done in MATLAB/Simulink and results are presented demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed power conditioning system.
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Devarasetti, Nikhil Chandra. "PI Controller Based Power Conditioning System for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6844/1/PI_CONTROLLER_Devarestti_2015.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES) works on the principle of superconductivity, which is a phenomenon of occurring exactly zero resistance in certain materials when they are cooled below a certain temperature. The power conditioning system (PCS) of SMES consists of a bidirectional voltage source converter (VSC), a bidirectional chopper and a superconducting coil, which I designed mainly for the compensation of non-linear and pulsating loads. In this paper the PCS of SMES is designed to work both as a shunt active power filter and power conditioner at the same time. Two Hysteresis band controllers have been used to generate the pulses for the two bidirectional converters so as to attain the sinusoidal input source current at any load condition and to maintain the charge discharge cycle of SMES. DC link voltage is kept constant by DC/DC Bidirectional Converter and source current is controlled by Voltage Source Converter (VSC). At light loaded condition the superconducting coil will be in the charging mode and heavy loaded condition the superconducting coil discharges the stored energy in order to compensate the load changes, which is done with the help of a PI controller. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the charging and discharging mode is well below 5% of the fundamental component. Simulation has been done in MATLAB/Simulink and results presented demonstrating the reliability of the power conditioning system.
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Hearn, Clay Stephen. "Design methodologies for advanced flywheel energy storage." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23032.
Full textAbstract:
Higher penetration of volatile renewable sources and increasing load demand are putting a strain on the current utility grid structure. Energy storage solutions are required to maintain grid stability and are vital components to future smart grid designs. Flywheel energy storage can be a strong part of the solution due to high cycle life capabilities and flexible design configurations that balance power and energy capacity. This dissertation focuses on developing design methodologies for advanced flywheel energy storage, with an emphasis on sizing flywheel energy storage and developing lumped parameter modeling techniques for low loss, high temperature superconducting.
The first contribution of this dissertation presents a method for using an optimal control law to size flywheel energy storage and develops a design space for potential power and energy storage combinations. This method is a data driven technique, that utilizes power consumption and renewable generation data from a particular location where the storage may be placed. The model for this sizing technique includes the spinning losses, that are unique to flywheel energy storage systems and have limited this technology to short term storage applications, such as frequency and voltage regulation.
For longer term storage solutions, the spinning losses for flywheels must be significantly reduced. One potential solution is to use high temperature superconducting bearings, that work by the stable levitation of permanent magnet materials over bulk superconductors. These advanced bearing systems can reduce losses to less than 0.1% stored energy per hour. In order to integrate high temperature superconducting bearings into flywheel system designs, accurate and reduced order models are needed, that include the losses and emulate the hysteretic, non-linear behavior of superconducting levitation. The next two contributions of this dissertation present a lumped parameter axissymmetric model and a 3-D lumped parameter transverse model, which can be used to evaluate bearing lifting capabilities and transverse stiffness for flywheel rotor designs. These models greatly reduce computational time, and were validated against high level finite element analysis, and dynamic experimental tests. The validation experiments are described in detail.text
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Kumar, Pravesh. "Use of Super Conducting Magnet for Energy Storage in Shunt Active Power Filter." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7171/1/Use_Kumar_2015.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Huge application of non-linear load and electronics apparatus in power system generates harmonics. That makes the current wave form distorted and causes huge power loss in power system. This problem can be overcome by application of Shunt Active Power Flitter (SAPF). Shunt Active Power Filters in an electric power network can improve the quality of power system by removing harmonics which are generated by non- linear load. In this project, a voltage-source PWM converter, and a Super Conductor Magnet for energy storage is used to design a Shunt Active Power Filter. Earlier use of copper inductor to store the energy for compensation the harmonics in Shunt Active Power Filter causes a power loss, to reduce these power losses instead of copper inductor a Superconductor Magnet is placed in Shunt Active Power Filter. Shunt Active Power Filter is designed by using ‘Instantaneous Power Theory’ or ‘p-q Theory’. Switching pulses for Voltage source converter is generated by using Hysteresis Band Controller. DC/DC is also designed to control the Super Conductor Magnet. Charging and Discharging of Magnet is base switching operation of DC/DC converter. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in wave, during charging and discharging of Magnet is calculated and presented in this paper .The results of simulation are satisfied with all the property explained by the theory. This paper describes simulation and evolution of SAPF for removing the harmonics. Simulations are done using MATLAB/Simulink Software and results are presented.
38
LI, YONG-XUN, and 李永勳. "Small signal stability analysis of power systems with superconducting magnetic energy storage units." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87447438940034895600.
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39
kumar, V. B. "Control of a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage unit for Synchronous Generator Damping Enhancement." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5776/1/212ME5407-1.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In power system, oscillations may occur due to load change or system fault which creates unsynchronized and undamped signals and creates instability in the system. So to enhance dynamic stability of the system, a control mechanism is constructed for Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit to enhance the damping of the power system. Proportional Integral (PI) controller is utilized to improve damping of oscillation of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus. Eigen values of system are found using matlab which helps in minimizing the oscillations caused by disturbances and enhances damping. PI controller parameters are found by using pole assignment technique Response curves are generated in Matlab to compare the difference between the damping of oscillations for synchronous generators without PI controller and with PI controller with SMES
40
Penthia, Trilochan. "Performance Analysis and Application of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage in a Power System." Thesis, 2018. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/9768/1/2018_PHD_TPenthia_514EE1008_Performance.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Delivering an adequate amount of power to electrical equipment is being a tough job due to the continuous upgradation and technological advancement in the equipment. One of such familiar challenging technology adapted nowadays in power system for some specific applications is termed as pulsed power technology. The electrical grid with pulsed power loads is of the significant interest in aerospace and marine applications. Keeping in the mind of pulsed power applications, especially in defence sectors, the Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system is proposed for a smooth and reliable power flow in the grid. In SMES system, the PCU interfaces the SMES magnet and the AC system in order to give an efficient power exchange and high quality power flow. Power Converter Unit (PCU) of the SMES system consists of a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a three-phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) coupled with a common DC-link capacitor. The control schemes employed for both the VSI and DC-DC converter is intended to maintain a constant DC-link voltage. Particularly, the voltage across the DC-link capacitor is tightly regulated using a Dynamic Evolution Control (DEC) strategy instead of a PI controller for the DC-DC converter. Consequently, the DC-link voltage is maintained almost constant with a voltage regulation well below ±10% during a Pulsed Power Load (PPL) condition.
Initially, the performance of the SMES system using a Leaky Least Mean Square (LLMS) control algorithm is compared with that using a Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) control technique. The comparison is presented to show the effectiveness of the SMES system for power quality improvement. Henceforth, the control scheme for the VSI is proposed based on the Modified SRF (MSRF). Similarly, DEC or PI control strategy is employed to generate appropriate switching pulses for the DC-DC converter. It has been observed that the PI in the inner loop of MSRF is found sluggish during the PPL. Thus, PI is replaced by the DEC scheme to provide a fast response to the PPL. Also, the DC-DC converter employs the DEC instead of a PI in order to achieve a less rippled coil current and uniform voltage distribution across the SMES coil irrespective of load profile. Consequently, it ensures a reduced and acceptable AC loss across the SMES system, and a symmetric voltage distribution across the coil. Moreover, the control performance of the DEC scheme is compared with that of the Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique.
A uniform source current and power with minimum variations is maintained irrespective of the pulsed power load. A detrimental high rating stress on the system due to the load is substantially reduced by the proposed system. The DEC scheme is implemented for tight error regulation of the controlling parameters. The system supply current is found almost balanced, and its Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is found well below 5%. An effective PPL compensation and a symmetric and uniform voltage distribution across the SMES coil, are achieved due to the precise solid-state control. Nevertheless, it has been seen that the SAPF is incompetent under high PPL demands whereas the SMES system has shown excellent performance under such load conditions. Moreover, a comparative analysis has been made between the conventional SAPF and the SMES system under PPL and Nonlinear Load (NL) conditions, to check the effectiveness of the SMES system. The performance of the proposed system is presented by using Sim Power System (SPS)/MATLAB Simulink, and real-time digital simulator (i.e. Opal RT-Lab/ dSPACE-1104).
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Chan, Jui-Teng, and 詹睿騰. "Development of a 5kW Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator Drive for Flywheel Energy Storage System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22731503859633820177.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
100
This thesis develops a 5kW permanent-magnet synchronous generator drive for flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The generator drive system consists of a induction motor as the prime mover, a permanent- magnet synchronous generator, a three-phase three-wire inverter, the auxiliary power supplies, a micro-controller and the auxiliary driving circuits. The proposed space-vector based feed-forward current control uses the position information from the absolute encoder, DC-bus voltage and the inductance current to determine the instantaneous duty ratios of the power switches. The derivation of the proposed current control scheme is introduced. The driving performance is verified by the experimental results.
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Chen, Jian-Cheng, and 陳建呈. "Development of a 5kW Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Driver Appliedto Flywheel Energy Storage System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19732422826191368916.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
100
In recent years, flywheel batteries drew more attention in the energy storage system. A flywheel battery consists of flywheel, permanent-magnet synchronous motor and the driver. This thesis proposes a space-vector based feedforward current control for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor driver. The topology of this driver is a three phase full-bridge inverter. We use a micro-control unit, RX62T Group PLQP0112JA-A as the kernel of driver control, manufactured by Renesas Electronics. By sampling the signal of dc-link voltage, inductor current and the position of rotor, the microcontroller computes and generates three-phase PWM signals to the power switches. The driving performance has been verifiey by experimental results.
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Tseng, H. Y., and 曾宏毅. "Damping of SSR in A Nonidentical Twoo-Machine System Using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Units." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88268675344517078089.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系
85
This thesis investigates the application of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) units to damp subsynchronous resonance (SSR) occurred in a nonidentical two-machine system. The IEEE Second Benchmark Model, system-2 is employed to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed SMES unit with simultaneous active and reactive power modulation. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller using speed deviations of the studied generators as feedback signals is designed by modal control theory to modulate the firing angle of the SMES unit. In order to have a complete and detailed research, a frequency-domain approach based on eigenvalue analysis and a time-domain approach based on nonlinear model simulation are both performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed damping method. It can be concluded from the simulation results that the proposed damping scheme can effectively suppress subsynchronous torsional interactions of the studied system.
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Jiang, Ming. "Design of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for a Flywheel Energy Storage System within a Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1655.
Full textAbstract:
As an energy storage device, the flywheel has significant advantages over conventional chemical batteries, including higher energy density, higher efficiency, longer life time, and less pollution to the environment. An effective flywheel system can be attributed to its good motor/generator (M/G) design. This thesis describes the research work on the design of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) as an M/G suitable for integration in a flywheel energy storage system within a large hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The operating requirements of the application include wide power and speed ranges combined with high total system efficiency. Along with presenting the design, essential issues related to PMSM design including cogging torque, iron losses and total harmonic distortion (THD) are investigated. An iterative approach combining lumped parameter analysis with 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used, and the final design is presented showing excellent performance.Power Engineering and Power Electronics
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Chen, Shiang-Shong, and 陳翔雄. "Dynamic-Stability Improvement of a Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farm Using a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Unit." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08442058689812900233.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
97
This dissertation presents a control scheme based on a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit to achieve both power flow control and damping improvement of a large-scale offshore wind farm connected to a large power grid. The performance of the studied wind farm (WF) is simulated by an equivalent 80-MW induction generator (IG) consisting of forty 2-MW IGs while an equivalent 60-MW IG consisting of thirty 2-MW IGs is employed to study the characteristics of the marine-current farm (MCF). A damping controller for the SMES unit is designed by using modal control theory to contribute effective damping characteristics to the studied WF and the combined WF and MCF under different operating conditions. A frequency-domain approach based on a linearized system model using eigenvalue techniques to designed a damping controller. A time-domain scheme based on a nonlinear system model subject to disturbance conditions are both employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It can be concluded from the simulated results that the proposed SMES unit combined with the designed damping controller is very effective to stabilize the studied WF and the combined WF and MCF under various operating conditions. The inherent fluctuations of the injected active power and reactive power of the WF and the combined WF and MCF to the power grid can also be effectively controlled by the proposed control scheme.
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Hu, Kai Wei, and 胡凱維. "DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION CONTROL OF A WIND PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED DC MICRO-GRID WITH HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66455357797359965766.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
電機工程學系
103
This dissertation is aimed at the development and operation controls of a DC micro-grid powered by wind permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and DC source with hybrid energy storage devices. The DC sources are interfaced to the common DC bus via an interleaved DC/DC boost converter. As to the wind PMSG, after exploring the derated characteristics of PMSG systems with various AC/DC converters, a three-phase Vienna switch-mode rectifier (SMR) is developed as its interface to establish the common DC bus voltage of DC micro-grid. Its developed power is improved by proper commutation tuning and robust controls. The possible harvested DC or AC sources can be interfaced to the DC micro-grid via the embedded circuit components of Vienna SMR. Since the generating powers from various sources in a micro-grid are unpredictable and fluctuated, energy storage buffer is required to improve its power supplying quality. In the developed micro-grid, the battery/flywheel/super-capacitor hybrid energy storage system with bidirectional DC/DC interface converters is developed. And the droop control approach with adaptive predictive current control is proposed to yield good energy storage support control characteristics. Moreover, a chopped resistive dump load is equipped to regulate the energy balance when system energy surplus occurs. In test load arrangement, a single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter is established to yield 60Hz 220V/110V AC voltages for powering the home appliances. Good sinusoidal output voltage waveforms and dynamic responses due to load and DC-bus voltage changes are obtained by the proposed robust control schemes. When the renewable energy is surplus or insufficient, the microgrid-to-grid (M2G)/grid-to-microgrid (G2M) bidirectional operations can be also conducted by the established 1P3W inverter. Moreover, the bidirectional inter-connected operations between the developed micro-grid and the electric vehicle (M2V/V2M) can also be applicable. In addition, various motor drives, lighting devices and DC converter fed loads can be directly powered from the DC bus of the established micro-grid.
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Ting-WeiHong and 洪庭尉. "Stability Analysis of a Hybrid Offshore Wind Farm Connected to HVDC System with Supercapacitor Energy Storage System and High Temperature Superconducting Wire." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81935509193948352234.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系
103
This thesis presents stability analysis of an integration of a superconducting synchronous generator (SCSG)-based offshore wind farm (OWF) and a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based OWF connected to a power grid through a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system using a supercapacitor energy-storage system and a high temperature superconducting wire. The q-d axis equivalent-circuit model is derived to establish the complete system model under three-phase balance conditions. Steady-state analysis characteristics of the studied system under different values of wind speed and transmission line are examined. Dynamic and transient simulations of the studied system subject to a wind-speed disturbance and a three-phase fault at the power grid are also carried out. It can be concluded from the simulation results that the proposed energy-storage systems can offer better effects on power-flow control and stability improvement of the studied system, while the system stability can also be further improved when the lead-lag damping controller is in service.
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Chowdhury, MM. "Modelling and control of direct drive variable speed wind turbine with Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator." Thesis, 2014. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20844/1/Whole-Chowdhury-thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The interest in wind energy system is growing worldwide to reduce dependency on
fossil fuel and to minimize the adverse impact of climate change. Currently, doubly fed
induction generator (DFIG) based variable speed wind turbine technology with gearbox
is dominating the world market share. However, the problems associated with induction
generator based wind turbines are reactive power consumption, mechanical stress and
poor power quality. Moreover, the gearbox requires regular maintenance as it suffers
from faults and malfunctions. Therefore, it is important to adopt technologies that can
enhance efficiency, reliability and reduce system cost of wind based power generation
system. The performance of a variable speed wind turbine can be enhanced significantly
by using a low speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) without a
gearbox. The main features of PMSG based wind turbines are; gearless operation,
higher efficiency, enhanced reliability, smaller size, reduced cost and low losses. The
main aim of this thesis is to develop improved control strategies for an efficient and
reliable grid interface system for a gearless, direct drive variable speed wind turbine.
This thesis focuses on several aspects of modelling and control of interior permanent
magnet (IPM) synchronous generator based grid connected variable speed wind turbine
with maximum power extraction (MPE). Both the indirect and direct control strategies
are addressed for IPM synchronous generator based variable speed wind turbines. The
main contributions of this thesis are; (i) development of parameter measurement
methods to determine the parameter of an IPM synchronous generator, (ii) development
of an improved indirect vector control scheme for the IPM synchronous generator based
direct drive variable speed wind turbine, incorporating maximum torque per ampere
trajectory (MTPA) and maximum power extraction (MPE) algorithm (iii) development
of direct torque and flux (DTFC) control scheme for the IPM synchronous generator
based direct drive variable speed wind turbine, and (iv) development of control and
power management strategy for a three level converter based STATCOM with Supercapacitor
energy storage to enhance the performance of the proposed wind energy
conversion system under various disturbances.
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(5930828), Abhijit Sahu. "Quantification of uncertainty in the magnetic characteristic of steel and permanent magnets and their effect on the performance of permanent magnet synchronous machine." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
The numerical calculation of the electromagnetic fields within electric machines is sensitive to the magnetic characteristic of steel. However, the magnetic characteristic of steel is uncertain due to fluctuations in alloy composition, possible contamination, and other manufacturing process variations including punching. Previous attempts to quantify magnetic uncertainty due to punching are based on parametric analytical models of B-H curves, where the uncertainty is reflected by model parameters. In this work, we set forth a data-driven approach for quantifying the uncertainty due to punching in B-H curves. In addition to the magnetic characteristics of steel lamination, the remanent flux density (Br) exhibited by the permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is also uncertain due to unpredictable variations in the manufacturing process. Previous studies consider the impact of uncertainties in B-H curves and Br of the permanent magnets on the average torque, cogging torque, torque ripple and losses of a PMSM. However, studies pertaining to the impact of these uncertainties on the combined machine/drive system of a PMSM is scarce in the literature. Hence, the objective of this work is to study the effect of B-H and Br uncertainties on the performance of a PMSM machine/drive system using a validated finite element simulator.
Our approach is as follows. First, we use principal component analysis to build a reduced-order stochastic model of B-H curves from a synthetic dataset containing B-H curves affected by punching. Second, we model the the uncertainty in Br and other uncertainties in B-H characteristics e.g., due to unknown state of the material composition and unavailability of accurate data in deep saturation region. Third, to overcome the computational limitations of the finite element simulator, we replace it with surrogate models based on Gaussian process regression. Fourth, we perform propagation studies to assess the effect of B-H and Br uncertainties on the average torque, torque ripple and the PMSM machine/drive system using the constructed surrogate models.
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Balibani, Siva Kumar. "Small Signal Stability Analysis of a Power System with a Grid Connected Wind Powered Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3835.
Full textAbstract:
Small signal oscillation has been always a major concern in the operation of power systems. In a generator, the electromechanical coupling between the rotor and the rest of the system causes it to behave in a manner similar to a spring mass damper system. Following any disturbance, such as sudden change in loads, actuations in the output of turbine and faults etc. it exhibits an oscillatory behaviour around the equilibrium state. The use of fast acting high gain AVRs and evolution of large interconnected power systems with transfer of bulk power across weak transmission links have further aggravated the problem of these low frequency oscillations. Small oscillations in the range of about 0.1Hz to 3.5Hz can persist for long periods, limiting the power transfer capability of the transmission lines. These oscillations can be reduced by incorporating auxiliary controllers on generator excitation system.
Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) were developed to produce additional damping by modulating the generator excitation voltage. Designing effective PSS for all operating conditions especially in large interconnected power systems still remains a difficult and challenging task.
More and more power electronic based controllers have been and will be used in power systems. Many of these controllers such as Static Var Compensators (SVCs), Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs) and Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFCs) etc., are incorporated in power transmission networks to improve its operational capability. In addition, some of the energy storage systems such as Battery Energy Storage systems (BESS), Super conducting Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES) as well large non-conventional energy sources are also increasingly being integrated with the power grid. With large integration of these devices, there is a significant impact on system stability, more importantly on small signal oscillatory instability of the power system.
This thesis primarily focuses on impact of such devices on small signal oscillatory stability of the power systems. More specifically in this thesis small signal stability analysis of a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system with a grid connected wind powered Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) has been presented. A SMIB system has been purposely chosen so that general conclusions can be obtained on the behaviour of the embedded STATCOM/Energy Source (ES) system on system stability. With a better understanding of the impact of such a system it would be probably possible to analyze more complicated multimachine power system and their impact on system stability. Small signal model of the complete system which comprises the generator, transmission network, inter connecting STATCOM, the wind power generator and all associated controllers has been developed. The performances of the system following a small disturbance at various operating conditions have been analyzed.
To obtain quantitative estimates of the damping and synchronizing torques generated in the system, expressions for damping and synchronizing torque clients have been developed.
With these analyses, the relative impact of the STATCOM and STATCOM with ES on system performance have been assessed. It is shown that with active and reactive power modulation capabilities effective and efficient control of small signal oscillations in power systems can be achieved.