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Journal articles on the topic 'Superconducting bulks'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

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1

Zhang, Sheng Nan, Xiao Bo Ma, Ji Xing Liu, Jian Qing Feng, Cheng Shan Li, and Ping Xiang Zhang. "Effects of High-Energy Ball Milling Time on the Sintering Process of FeSe Superconductors." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.657.

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FeSe superconducting bulks were prepared with high energy ball milling (HEBM) aided sintering process, within which process, tetragonal β-FeSe superconducting phase could be formed directly with one step sintering process, and the formation of hexagonal δ-FeSe non-superconducting phase was effectively avoided. The influences of HEBM time on the sintering process of FeSe bulks were systematically investigated. With different HEBM time, the phase composition and morphology of precursor powders changed correspondingly, which thus influenced the final phase composition and superconducting properties of FeSe superconducting bulks. Due to the formation of FeSe bulks with larger tetragonal phase content and higher superconducting transition temperature, HEBM time of 6.0 h was recognized as the optimal parameter. Shorter HEBM time could lead to the insufficient decrease of particle size and low density. While longer HEBM time caused the formation of amorphous hexagonal δ-FeSe, which crystallized during sintering process. Thus no more tetragonal FeSe could be obtained. The FeSe superconducting bulk with the critical temperature Tc(onset) of 8.0 K was obtained with the HEBM time of 6 h, and sintering temperature of 700 oC for 12 h.

2

Zhang, Yufeng, Chunyan Li, Ziwei Lou, Penghe Zhang, Yan Zhang, Shuangyuan Shen, Guanjie Ruan, and Jiaying Zhang. "The Performance of the Two-Seeded GdBCO Superconductor Bulk with the Buffer by the Modified TSMG Method." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (April 30, 2023): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14050987.

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The multiseeding technique is a method to grow large-sized REBa2Cu3O7−δ (REBCO, where RE is a rare earth element) high temperature superconducting bulks. However, due to the existence of grain boundaries between seed crystals, the superconducting properties of bulks are not always better than those of single grain bulks. In order to improve the superconducting properties caused by grain boundaries, we introduced buffer layers with a diameter of 6 mm in the growth of GdBCO bulks. Using the modified top-seeded melt texture growth method (TSMG), that is, YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y123) as the liquid phase source, two GdBCO superconducting bulks with buffer layers with a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 12 mm were successfully prepared. The seed crystal arrangement of two GdBCO bulks with a distance of 12 mm were (100/100) and (110/110), respectively. The trapped field of the GdBCO superconductor bulks exhibited two peaks. The maximum peaks of superconductor bulk SA (100/100) were 0.30 T and 0.23 T, and the maximum peaks of superconductor bulk SB (110/110) were 0.35 T and 0.29 T. The critical transition temperature remained between 94 K and 96 K, with superior superconducting properties. The maximum JC, self-field of SA appeared in specimen b5, which was 4.5 × 104 A/cm2. Compared with SA, the JC value of SB had obvious advantages in a low magnetic field, medium magnetic field and high magnetic field. The maximum JC, self-field value appeared in specimen b2, which was 4.65 × 104 A/cm2. At the same time, it showed an obvious second peak effect, which was attributed to Gd/Ba substitution. Liquid phase source Y123 increased the concentration of the Gd solute dissolved from Gd211 particles, reduced the size of Gd211 particles and optimized JC. For SA and SB under the joint action of the buffer and the Y123 liquid source, except for the contribution of Gd211 particles to be the magnetic flux pinning center with the improvement of JC, the pores also played a positive role in improving the local JC. More residual melts and impurity phases were observed in SA than in SB, which had a negative impact on the superconducting properties. Thus, SB exhibited a better trapped field and JC.

3

FUJISHIRO, Hiroyuki. "Magnetization of Superconducting Bulks." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of the Cryogenic Society of Japan) 46, no. 3 (2011): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.46.81.

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4

Cheng, Yanxing, Jun Zheng, Huan Huang, and Zigang Deng. "A reconstructed three-dimensional HTS bulk electromagnetic model considering J _c spatial inhomogeneity and its implementation in a bulks’ combination system." Superconductor Science and Technology 34, no. 12 (November 12, 2021): 125017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac336b.

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Abstract High-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks in HTS Maglev systems are always arrayed in a combination to make full use of the applied magnetic field of the permanent magnet guideway (PMG). An excellent combination scheme improves the overall levitation and guidance performance significantly. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic model of the real HTS-PMG maglev system with an HTS bulk array was established. This model comprehensively expresses the influence of various factors on the E – J relationship and the 3D spatial distribution of J c, including internal factors such as the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of electromagnetic characteristics, as well as external factors such as applied magnetic field and working temperature. A ternary function was proposed to describe the uneven distribution of J c caused by the bulk’s growth process, which is an interesting phenomenological modeling attempt. In the simulations of the bulks’ combinations, perfect magnetic conductor boundary conditions were applied on the contact surface to simulate two bulks touching each other. Besides, the research target includes reproducing the shapes, the orientations, and the combination scheme of HTS bulks in the real PMG magnetic field. The calculation results of levitation force of the cylindrical bulk under different spatial orientations above the PMG were compared with the experimental results, through which the accuracy of the model was verified. On this basis, the influence of the magnetic field generated by the superconducting current on the nearby bulk was further explored. It was found that this magnetic field has a small contribution to the total levitation force and a relatively obvious influence on the guidance force. When the lateral displacement is large, such as 5 mm, the magnetic field generated by the superconducting current slightly increases the total guidance force stiffness. According to more simulated conditions, some optimization strategies on bulk combinations were proposed. This work provides not only a 3D descriptive model for fitting the real multi-bulk-combination maglev scenarios but also some optimization strategies for the HTS maglev transportation applications.

5

Imao, Hiroya, Kousuke Matsumoto, and Satoru Kishida. "Preparation of Partial-Melted Sm-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Superconductor." Advances in Science and Technology 47 (October 2006): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.47.165.

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We prepared SmBa2Cu3Oy (SmBCO) superconducting bulks by partial melting growth with a top seed. From the results, we found that the SmBCO bulks prepared by melting process showed good superconductivity, where the critical temperature Tc and the temperature transition width ΔT of the bulk were 94K and about 1K, respectively. The as-prepared bulks required annealing at 500°C for 24h to improve the superconductivity. However, the characteristics of the bulks may be improved by more detailed study, for example optimum preparation and annealing conditions.

6

Douine, Bruno, Kevin Berger, and Nickolay Ivanov. "Characterization of High-Temperature Superconductor Bulks for Electrical Machine Application." Materials 14, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071636.

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High-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks can be used in electrical applications. Experimental characterization of large-size HTS bulks is a tricky issue. The relevant parameters for their application were directly measured in this study. This paper has three main aims. Firstly, features of YBaCuO bulks are presented. Secondly, an electrical motor application is developed using magnetic field shielding and trapping. Thirdly, the HTS bulks are characterized. Several classical methods were used, which are mainly magnetic methods only available for small samples. The complete penetration magnetic field and the critical current density were found to be the main parameters relevant for applications. An innovative entire HTS bulk characterization method is presented. This characterization method is useful for end users and engineers to better implement HTS bulks.

7

Li, Lei, Hong Zhang, Yong Zhao, and Yong Zhang. "MgB2 superconductor prepared by Mg diffusion method with the addition of reduced graphene oxide." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 24 (September 13, 2018): 1850268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218502685.

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The effects of 0–5 wt.% reduced graphene oxide (rGO) addition on the superconducting properties of MgB2 bulks were investigated. We found that the dense and uniform MgB2 bulks were obtained by Mg diffusion method with rGO addition. The superconducting properties of MgB2 improved by the addition of rGO content of less than 2 wt.%. With more than 2 wt.% (including 2 wt.%) of rGO addition, nonsuperconducting phase MgB2C2 appeared and MgO content increased, which resulted in a decline in superconducting properties.

8

Zhang, Yufeng, Ziwei Lou, Penghe Zhang, Chunyan Li, Jiaying Zhang, and Xiaojuan Zhang. "Flux Pinning Properties of Single-Grain Bulk GdBCO Superconductors Processed by Different Thicknesses of Y123 Liquid Source." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050701.

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The performance of critical current density of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ (GdBCO or Gd123) superconductor bulk has an important influence on its practical applications. In this work, four single-domain GdBCO superconductor bulks were successfully processed by the modified top-seeded melt-texture growth method. The addition of a YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y123) liquid source with different thicknesses, 0 mm (S0), 3 mm(S3), 5 mm (S5), 7 mm (S7), was introduced to study the influence on the superconducting properties. GdBCO bulk with the addition of the Y123 liquid source with a 3-mm thickness shows the best superconducting properties. The addition of the Y123 liquid source results in a decrease in the Gd3+ ion concentration required for Gd123 growth; thus, Gd2BaCuO5 (Gd211) particles in the liquid source need a larger self-decomposition to diffuse Gd3+ ions to Gd123 growth front, which refines the size and leads to a homogenous distribution of the Gd211 particles in the bulks. Thus, the more pinning centers of fined Gd211 particles improve the superconducting properties of GdBCO bulk. With increases in the thickness of Y123 liquid source to 5 mm and 7 mm, high RE3+ (Gd3+ and Y3+) concentration can coarsen Gd211 particles and fuse with Gd211 liquid source. The superconducting properties apparently drop. Therefore, the addition of a Y123 liquid source with a suitable thickness is a positive modification to obtain high-performance GdBCO bulk.

9

Fujimoto, H., H. Shimada, and S. Yoshizawa. "Mechanical properties of DyBaCuO superconducting bulks." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 463-465 (October 2007): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2007.04.235.

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10

Mamalis, A. G., I. N. Vottea, D. E. Manolakos, A. Szalay, and A. Kladas. "Numerical Simulation of Explosive Consolidation of Superconducting Bulk Components." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 18n20 (August 10, 2003): 3563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203021411.

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The explosive compaction technique has been used for manufacturing bulk superconducting components, e.g. three dimensional plates and axisymmetric billets, rods, discs and tubes, with high density and good electrical and magnetic characteristics. The high pressures and temperatures developed in a very short time result in sintering and in fracturing of the original grains, inducing primarily line defects that would provide flux pinning centers in Type II superconductors. Densified superconducting ceramic YBCO bulk components of various geometries were produced by this dynamic technique and the whole process was simulated by the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA3D. In this paper, experimental and numerical results of the fabricated superconducting bulks are reported and discussed. Applications are also briefly outlined.

11

Ishibashi, Shinnosuke, Rikako Hagiwara, Sugali Pavan Kumar Naik, Hiraku Ogino, Paweł Pęczkowski, Shigeyuki Ishida, Hiroshi Eisaki, Naomichi Sakai, Tetsuo Oka, and Taichiro Nishio. "Sharp edged Gd₂BaCuO₅ particles addition effect on growth and properties of top-seeded melt-grown GdBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ bulk superconductors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2323, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2323/1/012022.

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Abstract We report on top-seeded melt growth of GdBa2Cu3O7-δ (GdBCO) bulks added by sharp edged Gd2BaCuO5 nanoparticles (Gd211U) refined by ultrasonication. GdBCO bulks mixed with 30 mol.% of Gd211U were examined to be grown isothermally at different temperatures in a range of 1015 °C−1035 °C using a top-seeded melt growth technique. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that all samples become superconducting and especially samples grown at 1020°C and 1025°C have a maximum superconducting transition temperature (T c) of 94.5 K. The critical current density (J c) obtained from magnetic hysteresis loops for magnetic fields parallel to the c-axis is up to 65100 A/cm2 (the self-field at 77 K) for a sample grown at 1025 °C, while J c of a GdBCO bulk with conventional Gd211 particles grown at 1025 °C for comparison is 29000 A/cm2 (the self-field at 77 K).

12

Fujimoto, H., and A. Murakami. "Fracture Toughness Properties of Gd123 Superconducting Bulks." Physics Procedia 36 (2012): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.06.133.

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13

Da Silva, L. B. S., A. Serquis, E. E. Hellstrom, and D. Rodrigues. "Artificial pinning centers in MgB2 superconducting bulks." Superconductor Science and Technology 33, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 045013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab7471.

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14

Liao, Hengpei, Weijia Yuan, Zhiwei Zhang, and Min Zhang. "Magnetization mechanism of a hybrid high temperature superconducting trapped field magnet." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 023902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133219.

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This paper studies the magnetization mechanism of a hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) trapped field magnet. To address the size limitation of traditional HTS bulk materials, hybridization between HTS-stacked ring magnets and HTS bulks is proposed here. A jointless HTS-stacked ring magnet is used to increase the trapped field area for HTS bulks. A hybrid HTS magnet with 90 mm in length and 60 mm in width was tested to provide a trapped field of 7.35 T in a field cooling magnetization. The paper focuses mainly on understanding the novel magnetization mechanism of this hybrid HTS trapped field magnet. A numerical model based on homogenized H formulation was used to compare with experimental results, and a good match was found. Our experimental and numerical study of the electromagnetic interaction between the HTS-stacked ring magnet and the HTS bulks reveals that there are two magnetization stages, and the magnetization speed differs in these two stages by a sing criterion: whether the HTS-stacked ring magnet is fully penetrated or not. This study confirms that hybridization helps to build large HTS trapped field magnets.

15

Douma, Brahim Chelarem, Bilal Abderezzak, Elhadj Ailam, Raluca-Andreea Felseghi, Constantin Filote, Catalin Dumitrescu, and Maria Simona Raboaca. "Design Development and Analysis of a Partially Superconducting Axial Flux Motor Using YBCO Bulks." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154295.

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In this work, authors have designed, constructed and tested a new kind of partially superconducting axial flux machine. This model is based on the magnetic flux concentration principle. The magnetic field creation part consists of the NbTi superconducting solenoid and two YBaCuO plates. A theoretical study is conducted of an extrapolated superconducting inductor for low-temperature superconducting and high-temperature superconducting solenoids. The optimization of the inductor is carried out in order to increase the torque and the power density as well. This improvement is done by changing the shape of the elements which form the superconducting inductor. Finally, a prototype is realized, and tested.

16

Zhang, Xing-Yi, Jun Zhou, and You-He Zhou. "Memory effect in the high-temperature superconducting bulks." Physica C: Superconductivity 495 (December 2013): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2013.07.013.

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17

Prikhna, Tatiana A., Myroslav V. Karpets, Vladimir B. Sverdun, Semyon S. Ponomaryov, Vitaliy V. Romaka, Paul Seidel, Michael Eisterer, et al. "MgB2 Wires and Bulks With High Superconducting Performance." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 29, no. 5 (August 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2019.2907662.

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18

Saito, A., N. Sekiya, H. Teshima, H. Obara, Y. Noguchi, H. Hirano, S. Hirano, and S. Ohshima. "Surface resistance measurement of modified QMG superconducting bulks." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 445-448 (October 2006): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2006.04.076.

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19

Ohsaki, H., Y. Terao, and M. Sekino. "Wind turbine generators using superconducting coils and bulks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 234, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 032043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/234/3/032043.

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20

Imao, Hiroya. "Critical Current Density and Pinning Energy of Partial Melted Sm-Based Superconductor." Advances in Science and Technology 95 (October 2014): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.95.169.

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The relationship between critical current density (Jc) and pinning energy (Up) in partial melted superconductors was investigated. The partial melted Sm-Ba-Cu-O superconducting bulks were composed of SmBa2Cu3Ox (Sm-123) superconductor and Sm2BaCuOy (Sm-211) insulator. The pinning force and the pinning energy of the superconductor were measured by a system combining an electronic balance and permanent magnet. The pinning energy and the Jc of the samples were influenced by crystalline orientation. The Jc of the samples depends on the pinning energy. However, in the partial melting process, changes in retention temperature altered the Jc values but had little effect on the value of the pinning energy. The results indicated that Jc was influenced by the dispersion of the insulator acting as a pinning center with in the superconducting bulks.

21

LU, YIYUN, BINGJUAN LU, YUNWANG GE, and WENQING CHEN. "INFLUENCE OF CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY ON MAGNETIC FORCE OF HTSC BULK ABOVE PMR WITH 3D-MODELING NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 19 (July 30, 2011): 2525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211101569.

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Numerical electromagnetic field simulations of high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) bulk were carried out to calculate the magnetic force between the HTSC bulk and the permanent magnet railway (PMR). A 3D-modeling numerical calculation method is proposed using the finite element method. The model is formulated with the magnetic field vector (H-method). The resulting code was written with FORTRAN language. The electric field intensity E and the current density J constitutive relation of HTSC were described with E–J power law. The Kim macro-model is used to describe critical current density Jc of HTSC bulk. Two virtual HTSC bulks were used to solve the critical current density Jc anisotropic properties of HTSC materials. A superconducting levitation system composed of one HTSC bulk and PMR is successfully investigated using the proposed method. By this method, the influence of critical current density on magnetic levitation force of the superconducting levitation system is mathematically studied.

22

Zhang, Shengnan, Chengshan Li, Qingbin Hao, Jianqing Feng, Xiaobo Ma, and Pingxiang Zhang. "Influences of Ca nonstoichiometry on the superconducting properties of Bi-2212 superconducting bulks." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 26, no. 9 (June 16, 2015): 7214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3347-y.

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23

Wang, Qi, Lei Li, Yong Zhao, Hong Zhang, and Yong Zhang. "The effects of sintering temperature on superconductivity of MgB2 prepared by hot pressing." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 04 (January 13, 2020): 2050012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220500125.

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The [Formula: see text] superconductor bulks were prepared by hot-pressing under the pressure of 55 MPa at different temperatures of 650[Formula: see text]C, 700[Formula: see text]C, 800[Formula: see text]C, 900[Formula: see text]C, 1000[Formula: see text]C, respectively, and the hot-pressing effects on the superconducting properties of [Formula: see text] bulks were investigated. The density of bulk samples increased with the rise of sintering temperature and the density reached to the maximum value when the sintering temperature rose to 1000[Formula: see text]C. For the sample sintered at 1000[Formula: see text]C, the critical transition temperature ([Formula: see text] reached the highest value of 38.8 K despite the high content of [Formula: see text] (30.62 wt.%). However, the critical current density ([Formula: see text] did not increase with the increase in the density and [Formula: see text]. The sample sintered at 700[Formula: see text]C maintained the high superconducting volume and had a small grain size, thus providing the best magnetic flux pinning force and [Formula: see text]. An effective hot-pressing process to improve [Formula: see text] might be the way to prepare by further increasing the density of sintering samples at 700[Formula: see text]C.

24

Diko, Pavel, Xavier Chaud, Vitaliy Antal, Mária Kaňuchová, Martina Šefčíková, Dušan Šuster, and Jozef Kováč. "Elimination of Oxygenation Cracking in YBCO Bulk Superconductors." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.216.

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The reasons for cracking of YBa2Cu3Oδ/Y2BaCuO5 (Y123/Y211 or YBCO) bulk single-grain superconductors are mechanical stresses, which arise in the sample during its fabrication. Two main sources of stresses appearing during fabrication were identified: the different thermal expansion coefficients of 123 and 211 phases and the dependence of 123 phase lattice parameters on the oxygen stoichiometry. As-grown YBCO bulks have low oxygen content, YBa2Cu3O6.3, are not superconducting, and must be oxygenated to form YBa2Cu3O7. During standard oxygenation at 400 °C the shortening of crystal lattice parameters causes intensive cracking. The created cracks allow oxygen penetration into the bulk and cause the oxygenation time to be technologically acceptable but reduce significantly the superconducting properties. Here we show that it is possible to eliminate the formation of oxygenation cracks and to reach a critical current density 2.5 times higher than in material bulk oxygenated in a standard way. The oxygenated crack-free samples were obtained by high pressure oxygenation with progressively increasing oxygen partial pressure.

25

Fujiwara, Yasufumi, Satoshi Hirata, Masahiro Iyori, and Takeshi Kobayashi. "Cathodeluminescence from high Tc superconducting bulks and thin films." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 36, no. 5 (1989): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.36.588.

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26

Hiramatsu, Y., Y. Takahashi, E. S. Otabe, K. Suzuki, Y. Tanaka, and M. Kiuchi. "Evaluation of Magnetic Cutting and Polishing with Superconducting Bulks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 871 (July 2017): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/871/1/012048.

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27

Kamijo, H., T. Higuchi, H. Fujimoto, H. Ichikawa, and T. Ishigohka. "Flux-trapping characteristics of oxide superconducting bulks in array." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 9, no. 2 (June 1999): 976–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.783461.

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28

Giunchi, Giovanni, Luca Saglietti, Giovanni Ripamonti, Alessandro Figini Albisetti, Enrico Bassani, and Elena Perini. "Superconducting Joints Between ${\hbox {MgB}}_{2}$ Wires and Bulks." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 20, no. 3 (June 2010): 1524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2010.2040260.

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29

Fujimoto, H., and A. Murakami. "Mechanical properties of Gd123 superconducting bulks at 77 K." Superconductor Science and Technology 25, no. 5 (April 23, 2012): 054017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/25/5/054017.

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30

Qi, Ming, Xi Feng Pan, Ping Xiang Zhang, Li Jun Cui, Cheng Shan Li, Guo Yan, Yong Liang Chen, and Yong Zhao. "Fabrication of Nb3Al superconducting bulks by mechanical alloying method." Physica C: Superconductivity 501 (June 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2014.03.017.

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31

Giunchi, Giovanni, Giovanni Ripamonti, Elena Perini, Stefano Ginocchio, Enrico Bassani, and Tommaso Cavallin. "Highly Densified MgB₂ Bulks by Reactive Mg Liquid Infiltration." Advances in Science and Technology 47 (October 2006): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.47.7.

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The issues in the conventional sintering of the MgB2 superconductors have conducted to the discovery of a new way to densify this material. The new process is an “in situ” method that relies on the reactive liquid infiltration (RLI) of liquid Magnesium into Boron powders packed preform. The RLI process allows to obtain highly dense manufacts without the use of hot pressing apparatus and can be applied to the manufacture of large superconducting pieces. One of the peculiarities of the MgB2 superconductivity, that withstand up to 39 K, is represented by the relative insensitiveness of the supercurrent percolation to the orientation of the grain boundaries. This property allows to use polycrystalline material without loosing superconducting performance, granted that a good connectivity between the crystalline grains must be realized, as the RLI process allows to do. The microstructure of the bulk material obtained by RLI shows a variety of morphologies, according to the kind of the used Boron powders and to the process variables. A detailed analysis of the microstructure of the MgB2 obtained by RLI will be presented, as well as its analytical description and the correlation with the superconducting characteristics.

32

DONG, Yangbo, Satoshi UENO, Mochimitsu KOMORI, and Kenichi ASAMI. "Evaluation of Magnetic Levitation Carrier Using Superconducting Magnetic Suspension with Superconducting Coils and Bulks." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 59, no. 3 (May 20, 2024): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.59.123.

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33

Antončík, Filip, Michal Lojka, Tomáš Hlásek, Ignacio Valiente‐Blanco, José L. Perez‐Diaz, and Ondřej Jankovský. "Artificially perforated single‐grain YBCO bulks: Dependence of superconducting properties on the bulk thickness." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 103, no. 9 (June 7, 2020): 5169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.17279.

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34

Guo, You Guang, Jian Xun Jin, Jian Guo Zhu, and Hai Yan Lu. "Performance Analysis of a Linear Motor with HTS Bulk Magnets for Driving a Prototype HTS Maglev Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.33.

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This paper presents the performance analysis of a linear synchronous motor which employs high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk magnets on the mover and normal copper windings on the stator. The linear motor is designed to drive a prototype HTS maglev vehicle in which the mover is suspended by the levitation force between HTS bulks on the mover and permanent magnets on the ground. Finite element magnetic field analysis is conducted to calculate the major parameters of the linear motor and an equation is derived to calculate the electromagnetic thrust force. Theoretical calculations are verified by the measured results on the prototype.

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FUNAKI, Kazuo. "Basic Approach to High Tc Superconducting Bulks and Their Applications." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 28, no. 4 (1993): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.28.183.

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Baskys, A., A. Patel, S. Hopkins, D. Kenfaui, X. Chaud, M. Zhang, and B. A. Glowacki. "Composite superconducting bulks for efficient heat dissipation during pulse magnetization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 507, no. 1 (May 12, 2014): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/507/1/012003.

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Cheng, C. H., H. T. Lin, C. Sorrell, and Y. Zhao. "Theoretical analysis of ac losses in high temperature superconducting bulks." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 463-465 (October 2007): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2007.05.032.

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Fujimoto, H. "Mechanical Properties of$rm Y$123/$rm Ag$Superconducting Bulks." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 16, no. 2 (June 2006): 1043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2006.870812.

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Xu, Aixia, Yanwei Ma, Xianping Zhang, Xiaohang Li, G. Nishijima, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe. "Superconducting properties of MgB2 bulks processed in high magnetic fields." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 445-448 (October 2006): 811–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2006.05.032.

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Zhang, Sheng Nan, Cheng Shan Li, Qing Bin Hao, Tian Ni Lu, and Ping Xiang Zhang. "Improvements of Superconducting Properties on Bi-2212 Bulks by Element Doping." Materials Science Forum 787 (April 2014): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.787.448.

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Bi-2212 bulks have been fabricated by spark plasma sintering technique with the Bi-2212 precursor powders synthesized by co-precipitation process. The Al2O3dopants were added into the precursor powders during the sintering process. The lattice parameters of Bi-2212 increased with Al content, suggesting that Al3+ions entering into the lattice as interstitial ions due to the small ion radii. The carrier concentration has been calculated with measured room temperature thermopower values. The change of carrier concentration can be attributed to the changes of both Al and oxygen contents in the lattice. Therefore, by Al doping the samples have been tuned into optimal doping region with maximum critical temperature of 86K. The appearance of Al interstitial ions in the lattice caused certain amount of point defects, which acted as pinning centers. Therefore the flux pinning properties have been enhanced in the bulks, and obvious improvements of critical current density for over 55% have been obtained at 4.2K self-field.

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Dorget, Rémi, Quentin Nouailhetas, Alexandre Colle, Kévin Berger, Kimiaki Sudo, Sabrina Ayat, Jean Lévêque, et al. "Review on the Use of Superconducting Bulks for Magnetic Screening in Electrical Machines for Aircraft Applications." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112847.

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High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) considerably accelerate the development of superconducting machines for electrical engineering applications such as fully electrical aircraft. This present contribution is an overview of different superconducting materials that can be used as magnetic screens for the inductor of high specific power electrical machines. The impact of the material properties, such as the critical temperature (Tc) and the critical current density (Jc), on the machine performances is evaluated. In addition, the relevance to flux modulation machines of different HTS bulk synthesis methods are addressed.

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Shao, Botao, Tianzi Yang, Shengnan Zhang, Jixing Liu, Wen Zhang, Hao Cao, Jianqing Feng, Chengshan Li, and Pingxiang Zhang. "Annealing Effect of FeSe Superconducting Polycrystalline Bulks in Low Oxygen Atmosphere." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 31, no. 8 (November 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2021.3091036.

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Ishigohka, T., H. Ichikawa, A. Ninomiya, H. Kamijo, and H. Fujimoto. "Flux trapping characteristics of YBCO bulks using pulse magnetization [superconducting magnets]." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 1980–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.920241.

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Storey, James G., Mathieu Szmigiel, Fergus Robinson, Stuart C. Wimbush, and Rodney A. Badcock. "Stiffness Enhancement of a Superconducting Magnetic Bearing Using Shaped YBCO Bulks." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 30, no. 4 (June 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2020.2982884.

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Shinden, Motoki, Hiroyuki Fujishiro, Keita Takahashi, and Mark D. Ainslie. "Possibility of mechanical fracture of superconducting ring bulks due to thermal stress induced by local heat generation during pulsed-field magnetization." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (March 4, 2022): 045015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5785.

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Abstract During quasi-static magnetization of bulk superconductors using field-cooled magnetization (FCM) from high fields at low temperatures, such bulks are sometimes broken, which is believed to be mainly due to an electromagnetic force—and subsequent stress—larger than the fracture strength. However, a ring bulk can break, even during pulsed field magnetization (PFM), from relatively lower pulsed fields and at relatively higher temperatures. Previous simulation results suggest that the ring bulk should not break due to the electromagnetic force during PFM. In this paper, taking experimental and numerical results into consideration, we propose the possibility of mechanical fracture of a ring bulk during PFM due to thermal stress induced by local heat generation, which has not been considered and investigated to date. Two numerical models with different sizes of heat-generating region were constructed for the ring bulk with a relatively large inner diameter (60 mm outer diameter, 36 mm inner diameter, 17 mm height). For Model-1, with a large heat region, the bulk fracture due to the thermal stress results from the tensile stress along the radial direction in the neighboring heat region. The risk of bulk fracture is enhanced at the inner or outer edges of the bulk surface, compared with that inside the bulk. For Model-2, with a small heat region inside the bulk, the bulk fracture due to the thermal stress results from the compressive stress along the radial direction in the neighboring heat region. These results strongly suggest the possibility of mechanical fracture of an actual ring bulk due to thermal stress induced by local heat generation. This idea is also applicable more generally to the fracture mechanism during FCM of superconducting bulks.

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Granados, X., S. Iliescu, B. Bozzo, E. Bartolome, Teresa Puig, X. Obradors, J. Amorós, and M. Carrera. "Magnetic Mapping - A Way to Test and Understand Current Flows in Thin and Bulk Superconductors." Advances in Science and Technology 47 (October 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.47.1.

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Nondestructive testing of superconducting blocks and thin films is a worth point in their development and their industrial production. The most intrinsic characteristic to be tested is the critical current, so is the maximum current can be carried in the superconducting state. The measurement of the current flowing through the samples could be done by direct transport experiments but this means using specific samples, and only the mean current may be found. Distribution of current density in the sample is more relevant because it yields the map of inhomogeneity of the samples, and its effect in the current density distribution. Magnetic measurements have been developed by Hall scanning and magneto-optical effect, allowing the mapping of the component of the magnetic field perpendicular to a surface of the sample created by the current distribution. By solving the inverse Biot-Savart problem a map of current densities can be obtained. We will present the status of the magnetic measurements obtained by exploring superconducting bulks and tapes magnetized by an external field and the magnetic map generated by the current carried through superconducting wires.

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Kambo, Petrus, Yuhi Yamanouchi, Antomne A. Caunes, Kota Yamaguchi, Mitsuru Izumi, and Tetsuya Ida. "Design Study of an HTS Linear Power Generator Suitable for Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2545, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2545/1/012026.

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Abstract In this paper, we show a conceptual structure of a direct drive linear power generator with REBaCuO high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk field poles for wave energy conversion. The proposed linear power generator structure is comprised of a moving armature coil and HTS bulks concept, which we call it a dual translator power generation system. Its performance has been analyzed using a finite-element electromagnetic field analysis method. A determination of the main machine parameters for the dual translator HTS linear power generator was conducted. Simulation results were compared between our dual translator HTS linear generator structure and the use of permanent magnets (PMs) for the field poles of that structure. It was found that the electromotive forces, electromagnetic forces and output power of the dual translator HTS linear power generator structure are 1.67, 2.63 and 2.60 times superior to that of dual translator PM linear generator structure, respectively. A combination of the dual translator power generation system and HTS bulks has the potential to help us to achieve higher torque and higher output power despite low ocean wave speed, which is important to achieve practical application of ocean power generation systems.

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Zhang, Yufeng, Yan Zhang, Shuangyuan Shen, Guanjie Ruan, Jiaying Zhang, Penghe Zhang, and Yan Xu. "Microstructural Nonuniformity of GdBCO Superconductor Bulk." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2671, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2671/1/012011.

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Abstract High-temperature superconducting materials REBa2Cu3O7-δ(REBCO or RE123, RE is a rare earth), can widely be used in electric motors, nuclear magnetic resonance and other fields, because these can trap strong magnetic fields. The top-seeded melt-texture growth method is widely chosen in the preparation and performance research of various REBCO superconductor bulks, which can effectively suppress random nucleation and reduce weak connections between grains, etc. However, the superconductor bulks prepared by this method often have the problem of uniformed microstructure. A single-domain GdBCO superconductor bulk with NdBCO single-seed guidance and Y123 liquid source was successfully growth using the top-seeded melt-texture growth method, and the microscopic morphology of the samples were studied, which exhibits the microstructural nonuniformity of GdBCO superconductor bulk. The specimens at different positions, C1, C2 below the seed, P1, P2 below the cross pattern, of the bulk exhibit critical transition temperature, TC , higher than 94.5 K, with a maximum value of 95.9 K, demonstrating superior superconductivity. Cracks and pores are unevenly distributed in GdBCO superconductor bulk, and the pores mainly gather in the area below the seed and far from the upper surface. At the same distance from the upper surface, specimens below the cross pattern have higher self-field JC values (P1>C1, P2>C2) than specimens below the seed, which should be related to the nonuniformity of the pores.

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Manasa, Manasa, Mohammad Azam, Tatiana Zajarniuk, Ryszard Diduszko, Tomasz Cetner, Andrzej Morawski, Andrzej Wiśniewski, and Shiv J. Singh. "Cometal Addition Effect on Superconducting Properties and Granular Behaviours of Polycrystalline FeSe0.5Te0.5." Materials 16, no. 7 (April 5, 2023): 2892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072892.

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The enhanced performance of superconducting FeSe0.5Te0.5 materials with added micro-sized Pb and Sn particles is presented. A series of Pb- and Sn-added FeSe0.5Te0.5 (FeSe0.5Te0.5 + xPb + ySn; x = y = 0–0.1) bulks are fabricated by the solid-state reaction method and characterized through various measurements. A very small amount of Sn and Pb additions (x = y ≤ 0.02) enhance the transition temperature (Tconset) of pure FeSe0.5Te0.5 by ~1 K, sharpening the superconducting transition and improving the metallic nature in the normal state, whereas larger metal additions (x = y ≥ 0.03) reduce Tconset by broadening the superconducting transition. Microstructural analysis and transport studies suggest that at x = y > 0.02, Pb and Sn additions enhance the impurity phases, reduce the coupling between grains, and suppress the superconducting percolation, leading to a broad transition. FeSe0.5Te0.5 samples with 2 wt% of cometal additions show the best performance with their critical current density, Jc, and the pinning force, Fp, which might be attributable to providing effective flux pinning centres. Our study shows that the inclusion of a relatively small amount of Pb and Sn (x = y ≤ 0.02) works effectively for the enhancement of superconducting properties with an improvement of intergrain connections as well as better phase uniformity.

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Arsénio Costa, António J., João F. P. Fernandes, and Paulo J. Costa Branco. "Axial Stiffness Augmentation by adding Superconductor Bulks or Limiting Permanent Magnet Rings to a Horizontal Axis Zero-Field Cooled High-Tc Radial Passive Superconducting Bearing." Actuators 13, no. 6 (May 21, 2024): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act13060196.

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This paper analyzes the viability of different solutions to passively augment the axial stiffness of a horizontal axis radial levitation passive magnetic bearing (PMB) with a previously studied topology. The zero-field cooling (ZFC) of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) bulks promotes higher magnetic impulsion and levitation forces and lower electromagnetic losses than those with field-cooling (FC) but, on the other hand, the guiding stability is much lower than those with FC. Because of stability reasons, FC was adopted in most superconducting maglev systems. The trend of this research group has been to develop a horizontal axis HTS ZFC radial levitation PMB presenting notable levitation forces with reduced electromagnetic losses, defined by a topology that creates guiding stability. Previous work has shown that optimizing the bearing geometry to maximize magnetic guidance forces might not be enough to guarantee the axial stiffness required for many applications. First, the extent to which guidance forces are augmented by increasing the number of HTS bulks in the stator is evaluated. Then, the axial stiffness augmentation by passively adding two limiting permanent magnet (PM) rings is evaluated. The results show that the axial stiffness is highly augmented by adding limiting PM rings with no significant additional investment. This change enables the use of the studied ZFC superconducting PMB in high-precision axial stability applications, such as precision gyroscopes, horizontal axis propellers, and turbines.