Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Supercondensateurs – Vieillissement'
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Marcerou, Elodie. "Etude du vieillissement calendaire de supercondensateurs carbone-carbone en électrolyte organique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30244.
This thesis is funded by the National Research Agency and is conducted in the context of the energy transition. The objective of this research is to gain a deep understanding of the degradation processes occuring in organic supercapacitors. To achieve this goal, a calendar aging protocol followed by post-mortem analyses were employed to enhance our knowledge of degradation mechanisms. Porous carbon electrodes were used in a commercial electrolyte containing 1.5M acetonitrile (ACN) and tetrafluoroborate tetraethylammonium (Et4NBF4). Two types of carbon materials, YP50F (microporous) and CMK3 (mesoporous), exhibited distinct aging mechanisms. YP50F underwent faradaic reactions leading to the formation of a polymeric film that obstructed the micropores, resulting in an alteration of its ionic conductivity. On the other hand, CMK3 experienced an increase in its equivalent series resistance (ESR) with aging, impacting its electronic conductivity. Besides their structural differences, these carbon materials had distinct surface characteristics due to variations in their synthesis methods. The presence of acid-base functional groups was quantified using Boehm titration and isoelectric point measurements. To understand the influence of surface properties on aging, these functional groups were modified in YP50F, with the reduction (rYP50F) and oxidation (oYP50F) of the carbon. rYP50F, which had fewer oxygenated functional groups, exhibited superior electrochemical performance with fewer faradaic reactions compared to YP50F. However, rYP50F proved to be an unstable material due to the creation of active sites during the reduction process, making it sensitive to its environment. Consequently, if aging was performed several months after reduction, the electrochemical performance was subpar. In the case of oYP50F, it rapidly underwent degradation with the formation of a polymeric film, leading to an alteration of ionic conductivity. Finally, a second study was conducted using an electrolyte composed of adiponitrile (ADN) instead of ACN in conjunction with CMK3 material. Aging results revealed improved performance stability with the ADN-based electrolyte, allowing it to withstand higher operating voltages (> 3 V)
El, Brouji Hassane. "Prise en compte du vieillissement dans la modélisation des supercondensateurs." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979045.
El, Brouji El Hassane. "Prise en compte du vieillissement dans la modélisation des supercondensateurs." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13947/document.
Abstract
Chaari, Ramzi. "Evaluation et modélisation du vieillissement des supercondensateurs pour des applications véhicules hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14828/document.
The integration of ultracapacitors in applications like hybrid requires knowledge of their behavior during aging. Thus, the objective of this thesis is the evaluation of aging and the definition of a model for predicting the health of supercapacitors. The aging results are presented focusing mainly on the evolution of performance during accelerated aging function of temperature, voltage and duration of stops in the case of cycling. An aging model is defined to describe the evolution of performance by focusing on the key mechanisms of aging
Lejosne, Johann. "Contribution à l'étude du vieillissement de supercondensateurs à électrolyte organique à base de carbones activés." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10017.
The energy which is stored in electrochemical capacitors is proportional to the square of voltage. Consequently, the most attractive supercapacitors are those which operate in organic electrolyte medium, with an electrolyte potential window which theoretically can easily reach more than 3 V. However, even using lower values of voltage, there is a remarkable fading of the electrochemical characteristics with operating time, that is mainly characterized by capacitance loss and resistance increase. This work was understand ageing mechanisms of supercapacitor using activated carbon electrode with TEABF4 1M in acetonitrile as electrolyte. An experimental device was conceived to analyse gases formed at various ageing time using characterizations such as mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy and FTIR. Moreover, electrochemical measurements carried out by complex impedance spectroscopy and modeling of the spectra obtained in terms of equivalent circuits, helped make assumptions about the degradation process. These have been validated by a study of various physicochemical parameters of internal components: (i) by gas adsorption (ii) by elementary chemical analysis, (iii) by thermal analysis and (iv) by nuclear magnetic resonance. Finally, a comparison with bibliographic data (patents) allowed to suggest and test other secondary factors that should be taken into account to improve the shelf life of these electrochemical devices
German, Ronan Louis. "Étude du vieillissement calendaire des supercondensateurs et impact des ondulations de courant haute fréquence." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10285/document.
Those research works are about double layer supercapacitors ageing placed in an onboard power network subject to high frequency current ripple (in a hybrid vehicle for instance). Studied SC are commercial components, representative of the most used technology (i.e. Acetonitrile / Active carbon) in transports domain. SC floating ageing results (constant temperature and constant voltage) are presented. SC health monitoring is achieved by using SC impedance evolution through ageing test. Classic impedance models (CPE and single pore model) are presented as well as a newer model (called multipore model). Model parameters are systematically linked to electrochemical data related to SC state of health. Multipore model enable to classify pores thanks to their electrical time constant (related to pore diameter under some hypothesis). The evolution of multipore model parameters under floating constraints shows that the smaller pores are more affected by beginning of ageing test. HF current ripple seem not to affect supercapacitors floating ageing. Whereas we notice effect of ageing stopping periods on SC state of health
AZAIS, Philippe. "Recherche des causes du vieillissement de supercondensateurs à électrolyte organique à base de carbones activés." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009304.
Ayadi, Mohamed. "Étude et modélisation du vieillissement des supercondensateurs en mode combiné cyclage/calendaire pour applications transport." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0092/document.
The study of the behavior of supercapacitors during ageing is required in orderto integrate them in transportation applications. The aim of this thesis is tounderstand and model ageing phenomena observed on supercapacitors. For thispurpose, electrical characterization methodologies and original experimentalprotocols combining various constraints of ageing have been implemented.Measurements of leakage current and combined ageing tests were conducted. Theobtained results were used for developing models allowing the monitoring of theevolution of supercapacitors performance during ageing
Azaïs, Philippe. "Recherche des causes du vieillissement de supercondensateurs à électrolyte organique à base de carbones activés." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2067.
El, mejdoubi Asmae. "Diagnostic de l’état de vieillissement des systèmes de stockage de l'énergie électrique : application : véhicule électrique." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2021.
This thesis presents a diagnosis and aging study for electrical energy storage systems used in vehicular applications. It develops different online diagnosis methods for supercapacitors and Lithium-ion batteries state of health and state of charge estimation. A large aging storage systems database was elaborated under various stress conditions using a test bench developed in our laboratory. The storage systems characterizations were also taken at each aging step and under different constraints. This work has implemented a prediction aging model for supercapacitors calendar life. Unlike other aging models, where the supercapacitor capacity loss is assumed linear with the aging time, the proposed model takes advantage of the chemical reaction showing the parameters causing the aging process. Based on the experimental data, a comparison between the experimental results of the different aging models presented in the literature highlights the precision of the proposed calendar aging model in various operating conditions. Then, different models are proposed for the diagnosis of the state of charge and the state of health of supercapacitors and Lithium-ion batteries. Indeed, three online supercapacitors aging diagnostic models are presented. The proposed strategies capitalize the estimation capabilities of three observers, well-known tools for theirs particularities and performances to study nonlinear parameters estimation, namely: - The extended Kalman filter, - The sliding mode observer, - The adaptive observer. On the other hand, a hybrid diagnostic model for the diagnosis of the state of charge and the state of health of the Lithium-ion batteries is proposed considering the variation of the surface temperature. The proposed strategy is based on the performance of the extended Kalman filter to estimate the state of charge, while the adaptive estimation technique is used to a robust estimation of the state of health
Liu, Yinghui. "Caractérisations de matériaux pour la réalisation de supercondensateurs pour des applications automobiles." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30209.
In the context of a CIFRE Convention, the thesis is financed by Renault s.a.s., this work aims at developing a carbon-carbon supercapacitor whose manufacturing cost is compatible with the automotive market, which still hinders their development. In a first part of this work, it has been shown that the cost mainly depends on the purity of the materials used: electrolyte but also activated carbon, the electrode active material. Our work has therefore been focused on the study of the electrochemical aging of laboratory supercapacitor cells assembled with different carbons, to identify their ageing mechanisms and to define the key features alternative carbons must achieve to replace commercial carbons. This work has evidenced two different modes of aging, depending on the carbon used. A first ageing mode results in the joint increase of the equivalent series resistance as well as the capacity, due to a degradation / oxidation of the carbon at the positive electrode. A second mode leads to the sole increase in equivalent series resistance by the formation of an ionic conductive solid interface layer. Whatever the aging mode, no clear influence of the surface functions of activated carbons could be evidenced. The most likely assumption is based on the content and the nature of the impurities present in the activated carbon, some of which are electroactive and can even play a catalytic role
Rizoug, Nassim. "Modélisation électrique et énergétique des supercondensateurs et méthodes de caractérisation : Application au cyclage d'un module de supercondensateurs basse tension en grande puissance." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012169.
En premier lieu, la modélisation du composant nous a paru indispensable pour représenter le comportement de ces composants. Pour cela, deux modèles représentant le comportement énergétique et électrique des supercondensateurs ont été développés. Différentes approches connues ont été confrontées pour aboutir à une méthode simple d'identification, associant des mesures temporelles et fréquentielles.
En utilisant ces modèles, une caractérisation de quatre éléments du module avec un suivi de l'évolution des caractéristiques de chaque élément a été effectuée en fonction de la température. D'autre part, l'observation du vieillissement du module et d'un élément de ce dernier pour les 200.000 premiers cycles a permis de suivre la dégradation des caractéristiques (R, rs et C) des supercondensateurs en fonction du nombre de cycles effectués.
Enfin, un des objectifs initiaux était d'aborder le problème de mise en série du composant afin de l'utiliser en Génie Electrique. Les essais de cyclage réalisés sans dispositif d'équilibrage (hormis les impédances du système de mesure) ont permis d'observer une dispersion naturelle des tensions dépendant de la localisation du composant dans le module.
Alcicek, Guven. "Contribution à l'étude du vieillissement et à l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans une chaîne de propulsion électrique haute tension pour des applications véhicule électrique." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0246/document.
Ultracapacitors present a growing interesting in at various the embedded applications. Recently published studies show that different integrations of ultracapacitor in the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) permits to increase the battery’s lifetime up to twice. In the meantime, the aging of ultracapacitor is not fully known and still waits many questions have to be responded.This thesis is studying the aging of the ultracapacitor and their integration in a HEV. The work focused on the accelerated aging in floating mode such as constant voltage and temperature and also in cycling mode such as charge-discharge for a constant current. This study permits us to find a reliable and a repeatable test protocol in order to minimize the noise during the measurement of a frequencial and a continuous mode. In the meantime, the floating mode allows to estimate the supercapacitors’ lifespan and also to determine some reasons of the aging.Besides, we have also included a pack of ultracapacitors in an EV platform based on a pack of lithium iron phosphate. The experimental test demonstrated clearly a contribution of the ultracapacitors during a transient phase (acceleration, braking, sudden stress) and the dynamic strain reduction on the battery
Fleury, Benoît. "Comportement des supercondensateurs en environnement sévère et conception optimale d’alimentations hybrides embarquées aérospatiales." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0004/document.
The aim of this study is to develop an hybrid power supply using the complementarities between batteries and supercapacitors in order to improve the mass of electrical storage systems on aircrafts and spacecrafts.The study is divided into three parts: In the first part, a decision-making tool to develop a hybrid power supply given a mission profile is presented. Thanks to this tool, an estimation of the optimal mass of the hybrid power supply is done based only on the specific energy and the specific power of the sources.The second part is firstly composed of a synthesis of bibliography results on the internal behavior of supercapacitors; secondly an experimental test campaign is described. Its aim is characterizing, modeling and identifying the multiphysics behavior and ageing of supercapacitors on several commercial references. Those models are required for the fine sizing optimization of the hybrid power supply. Basing on the internal model of the sources, the aim of the third part of this study is to present the development of an hybrid architecture battery/supercapacitors which fulfills the electrical need for a specific application. This hybrid power supply takes dynamically advantage of the electrical sources at the maximum of their possibilities, but without overstressing them at the same time. Thanks to that, the aging rate of the sources and the failure rate of the system are limited
El, Ghossein Nagham. "Étude et modélisation du fonctionnement et du vieillissement des « Lithium-Ion Capacitors » (LiC)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1258/document.
Lithium-Ion Capacitors (LiCs) are the new emerging technology of hybrid supercapacitors that combines the advantages of conventional supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. They provide intermediate energy and power densities due to their hybrid composition based on a positive electrode made of activated carbon similar to that of supercapacitors and a negative electrode made of pre-lithiated carbon similar to that of lithium-ion batteries. The aim of this thesis is to study the aging of commercial LiCs using two accelerated aging procedures: calendar aging and cycle aging. One of their main particularities concerns the nonlinear capacitance evolution with respect to their voltage (C(V) curve). The first accelerated aging test is related to the calendar life of LiCs that represents their behavior independently of their usage. The degradation of their parameters due to aging is mainly affected by the voltage and the temperature only. These tests were applied to several cells at three different voltage values and two temperatures. The evolution of their impedances were followed during the whole aging period in order to identify an electrical model that can accurately describe the progress of aging and that possesses electrochemically meaningful parameters. The best voltage value that ensures the extension of the lifetime of LiCs was identified using the results of these tests. In addition, aging mechanisms that extremely depend on the applied voltage value were identified. They highlight the particularity of the functioning of LiCs. These results were confirmed using post-mortem analyses. The second accelerated aging test is the cycle aging that assesses the impact of the current on the life cycle of LiCs. The choice of current profiles was based on the electrochemical operating principle of LiCs. The evolution of the impedances and the C(V) curves of LiCs were compared and analyzed. Aging mechanisms produced during cycle aging were also evaluated. They depend on the voltage range in which the LiC operates. The optimal voltage window that guarantees a long lifetime of LiCs was highlighted
Lajnef, Walid. "Modélisation des supercondensateurs et évaluation de leur vieillissement en cyclage actif à forts niveaux de courant pour des applications véhicules électriques et hybrides." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979055.
Kreczanik, Paul. "Étude de la fiabilité et du vieillissement d'un système de stockage par supercondensateurs pour l'alimentation partielle et ponctuelle d'un trolleybus grâce à la récupération de l'énergie de freinage : approche du composant au système de stockage." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656058.
Hijazi, Alaa. "Modélisation électrothermique, commande et dimensionnement d'un système de stockage d'énergie par supercondensateurs avec prise en compte de son vieillissement : application à la récupération de l'énergie de freinage d'un trolleybus." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662051.
Hijazi, Alaa. "Modélisation électrothermique, commande et dimensionnement d’un système de stockage d’énergie par supercondensateurs avec prise en compte de son vieillissement : application à la récupération de l’énergie de freinage d’un trolleybus." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10352/document.
The studies presented in this thesis concern the thermal modeling, sizing and control of a stack composed of supercapacitors and DC/DC converter that feeds the auxiliaries or traction motors of the trolleybus in the case of electrical microcuts. In the first part, we were interested in the sizing of the storage system for an application concerning the recovering braking energy of a trolleybus. Direct and inverse models of the kinematic chain were studied in order to define a design strategy based on the Ragon. The second part concerns the reliability of the storage system. The aim is to evaluate the stresses on supercapacitors during cycling and to predict the aging of the components. Toachieve this goal, we have developed and validated an electrothermal model of the stack. This model was then coupled to aging laws allowing taking into account the major parametric variation of the system. The results show the impact of the dispersion of temperatures inside the stack on the life time of each supercapacitors in the storage system. Finally, the control of the static converter (Buck/Boost converter) combined with supercapacitors is analyzed. A theoretical study was conducted to synthesize PI and sliding mode controller applied to a boost converter. This control laws has been validated on a test bench consisting of a reversible converter, a DC power supply, a resistive load and eight supercapacitors. The experimental results show the advantage of sliding mode control in terms of robustness and reactivity compared to a classical PI control
Arora, Divyesh. "Hybridation directe d’une pile à combustible PEM et d’un organe supercapacitif de stockage : étude comparative du vieillissement en cyclage urbain, et gestion optimale de la consommation d’hydrogène." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0097.
The fuel cell (FC) is poorly adapted to the sudden variations in power encountered in transport applications. The FC hybridization to a supercapacitor (SC) was then studied, since this capacitive storage device allows to manage the power transients. Hybridization is direct/passive, thus reducing the volume, mass and cost of the system. Initially, the feasibility and the impact of SC size on FC performance have been examined numerically. Theoretical investigations show that increasing the size of SC enhances the smoothing effect introduced by the supercapacitor on FC current. This results into slow variations and reduction in both current and voltage amplitudes, a decrease in the fuel cell’s effective current, and therefore in FC electrical losses. Hybridization, compared to its FC operation alone, still reduces hydrogen overconsumption by nearly 50 % under the same operating conditions. These results have been validated by experimental tests carried out on a 100 cm2 single FC and a 3 cell stack. Later, the durability of the FC system has been investigated through long term tests. These durability tests have been conducted on the 100 cm2 single FC test bench using urban cycling protocol (FC-DLC), for both hybridized and unhybridized FC system, with continuous evaluation of degradation extent and causes. These tests suggest no detrimental impact on durability of the FC. For these two operating modes, a progressive aging of the gas diffusion layer seems to appear. Subsequently, in order to further reduce the overconsumption of hydrogen in long-term FC-DLC cycling, different strategies were studied: reducing the minimum gas flow rate imposed by FC-DLC cycling from 0.2 to 0.05 A cm-2, and reducing the hydrogen overstoichiometry coefficient from 1.2 to 1.1. These changes have no influence on the durability of the hybrid cell and have reduced hydrogen overconsumption to 10 %. On the contrary, in case of the unhybridized FC, durability was halved as minimum flows were reduced and it did not work when the overstoichiometry reduced coefficient. Further, work has been extended to high power FC systems (1.2 kW FC system, hybridized with two modules of 165 F, SC module). Finally, the FC downsizing has been demonstrated from 34kW FC system to hybrid source system of 10kW FC hybridized with 566.64 F SC, presenting 21 % hydrogen saving and nearly 50 % net cost savings
Kreczanik, Paul. "Étude de la fiabilité et du vieillissement d’un système de stockage par supercondensateurs pour l’alimentation partielle et ponctuelle d’un trolleybus grâce à la récupération de l'énergie de freinage : approche du composant au système de stockage." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10069/document.
The first objective of the HYBUS project is to integrate a supercapacitor storage system in a trolleybus in order to ensure the continuity of onboard electrical systems supply. The aim is to integrate an energy storage system, composed by a huge number of supercapacitors, for the recovery of the braking energy of trolleybus and allow autonomy for several meters. Our work concerns the study of the lifetime of the storage system. Several accelerated aging tests on supercapacitors were developed in the AMPERE aboratory. These tests have shown that as far as ageing are concerned; the cycling is the major responsible. However, these changes are partially reversible during the rest time when regeneration phenomena are observed. A method based on the observed damage during cycling and the damage after regeneration, leads to a formal equation for the evolution of internal parameters of supercapacitors. An endurance test of complete storage systems was also performed in the laboratory. Experimental results show the heterogeneity of aging due to the existence of significant temperature gradients between components. As a result, a new balancing strategy to equalize the lifetime of each supercapacitors has been developed. In conclusion, our study has contributed to a better comprehension and evaluation of supercapacitors aging in order to improve the lifetime of this type of energy storage system. A method for the estimation of the supercapacitor lifetime has been also proposed
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d'une Source d'Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain - dimensionnement et tests de cyclage." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980484.
Arora, Divyesh. "Hybridation directe d’une pile à combustible PEM et d’un organe supercapacitif de stockage : étude comparative du vieillissement en cyclage urbain, et gestion optimale de la consommation d’hydrogène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0097.
The fuel cell (FC) is poorly adapted to the sudden variations in power encountered in transport applications. The FC hybridization to a supercapacitor (SC) was then studied, since this capacitive storage device allows to manage the power transients. Hybridization is direct/passive, thus reducing the volume, mass and cost of the system. Initially, the feasibility and the impact of SC size on FC performance have been examined numerically. Theoretical investigations show that increasing the size of SC enhances the smoothing effect introduced by the supercapacitor on FC current. This results into slow variations and reduction in both current and voltage amplitudes, a decrease in the fuel cell’s effective current, and therefore in FC electrical losses. Hybridization, compared to its FC operation alone, still reduces hydrogen overconsumption by nearly 50 % under the same operating conditions. These results have been validated by experimental tests carried out on a 100 cm2 single FC and a 3 cell stack. Later, the durability of the FC system has been investigated through long term tests. These durability tests have been conducted on the 100 cm2 single FC test bench using urban cycling protocol (FC-DLC), for both hybridized and unhybridized FC system, with continuous evaluation of degradation extent and causes. These tests suggest no detrimental impact on durability of the FC. For these two operating modes, a progressive aging of the gas diffusion layer seems to appear. Subsequently, in order to further reduce the overconsumption of hydrogen in long-term FC-DLC cycling, different strategies were studied: reducing the minimum gas flow rate imposed by FC-DLC cycling from 0.2 to 0.05 A cm-2, and reducing the hydrogen overstoichiometry coefficient from 1.2 to 1.1. These changes have no influence on the durability of the hybrid cell and have reduced hydrogen overconsumption to 10 %. On the contrary, in case of the unhybridized FC, durability was halved as minimum flows were reduced and it did not work when the overstoichiometry reduced coefficient. Further, work has been extended to high power FC systems (1.2 kW FC system, hybridized with two modules of 165 F, SC module). Finally, the FC downsizing has been demonstrated from 34kW FC system to hybrid source system of 10kW FC hybridized with 566.64 F SC, presenting 21 % hydrogen saving and nearly 50 % net cost savings
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d’une Source d’Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain – dimensionnement et tests de cyclage." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0009/document.
Currently, the main embedded storage system supplying the electric vehicles is composed of Li-ion batteries. This thesis is one of the common themes of work that ESTACA leads in collaboration with L2EP. The objective of this work is to study the interest of a hybrid source composed of Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors to supply an urban electric.Firstly, an energy management strategy based on deterministic rules is developed to control the power between the battery and supercapacitor. To demonstrate the combination utility, different Li-ion battery technologies (Li-ion high power, high-Li-ion energy) are used on the sizing step. Through this study, we could propose an optimal solution (masses, volumes, costs...) consisting of battery and supercapacitor. In the second part, we have followed the evolution of capacity and the internal resistance losses of high power and high energy batteries type in, respectively, single-source and hybrid configurations. For this study, a test bench, developed for cycling and characterization of storage systems, was used. The results obtained provide the opportunity to choose Li-ion battery technology that could be the most interesting for the supply of electric vehicles
Mesbahi, Tedjani. "Influence des stratégies de gestion d’une source hybride de véhicule électrique sur son dimensionnement et sa durée de vie par intégration d’un modèle multi-physique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0004/document.
This thesis contributes to the improvement of hybrid embedded source performances supplies an electric vehicle. The studied solution is composed of Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors hybridization, with an aim to achieve improved performances in terms of weight and lifetime over traditional solutions. Our main goal is to take the best advantage of new energy management strategies of the hybrid embedded source and quantify obtained improvements. A multi-physic model including electric, thermal and aging behaviors is developed and integrated into the algorithm of energy management in order to evaluate the gradual degradation of storage components performances during driving cycles and implemented control strategy. New energy management strategies intended to act on the lifetime of hybrid embedded source have been evaluated. Their impact on the performances of the source in terms of weight, cost and lifetime has been quantified and clearly shows that it is possible to make better use of hybrid embedded source thanks to a good power sharing, thus opening the way to new approaches of energy management for these systems
Zhang, Yuanci. "Performance and ageing quantification of electrochemical energy storage elements for aeronautical usage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0029/document.
In the context of progress in the electrochemical energy storage systems in the transport field, especially in the aeronautics, the issues of performance, reliability, safety and robustness of these elements are essential for users. This thesis is focused on these issues for the more electric aircraft. The technologies studied correspond to the latest generation commercial elements of Lithium-ion batteries (NMC/ graphite + SiO, NCA/graphite, LFP/graphite, NMC/LTO), Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S), Supercapacitor and Lithium-ion capacitors. The first part of this manuscript is dedicated to the performance quantification of the different electrochemical energy storage elements in aeronautical environment [-20°C, 55°C] and usage. An efficient and accurate electro-thermal model is developed and validated. The second part is devoted to the calendar and power cycling ageings as well as to the presentation of abuse testing results. A State Of Health (SOH) estimation based on incremental capacity analysis method is proposed. Finally, the robustness of the storage elements during accelerated ageing tests with a specific profile for the aeronautical usage is evaluated. The ageing models and SOH estimation methods proposed in the previous sections are used here to evaluate the impact of temperature on the degradation rate and to estimate the SOH of the cells with this aeronautical profile
Bellache, Kosseila. "Caractérisation Multi-physique des éléments de stockage électrochimique et électrostatique dédiés aux systèmes Multi sources : Approche systémique pour la gestion dynamique d'énergie électrique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH21.
This thesis work is a continuation of the research activities of the GREAH laboratory on the issues of the management of electrical energy and improving the energy quality of production systems for renewable energy. Indeed, the coupling of several different nature sources entails the problems of dimension, quality of energy and the lifetime of the interconnected elements. The scientific approach is based on the characterization of the evolution of the resistances and capacitances of the batteries/supercapacitors cells according to the electrical and thermal constraints, followed by the modeling of accelerated cells aging. In this thesis, we propose improvements to the dynamic response of an electric propulsion fluvial boat by using the hybrid system of lithium-batteries and supercapacitors. We also propose an electrothermal approach for the multi-physical characterization and modeling of the batteries and supercapacitors aging, using combined constraints of the temperature and frequency of the DC current ripples. The experimental data has been collected to establish models of batteries and supercapacitors dedicated to multi-source systems including renewable energy sources (wind and tidal turbines). The results of the developed models shown high accuracy compared with experimental results. These models illustrated a good description of the aging phenomenon of batteries/ supercapacitors due to charging/discharging operations with a fluctuating continuous current combined with a variable temperature
Ait, Hammou Taleb Saïd. "Couplage d'une pile à combustible avec des supercapacités pour étudier les gains en termes de rendement et de durée de vie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0011.
Fuel cell are an electrochemical devices wich convert chemical energy into electricity. In this study we focus on PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells fede by hydrogen and air. This kind of fuel cell has many advantages and show extensive application potentials. If PEMFC exhibits good power capability during steady-state operation, the slow response during transient peak power demands has restrained them for being used in large-scale and high-power transportation applications, such as automobive. To overcome these difficulties, a variety of research has been carried out on the development of hybrid systems based on supercapacitors or batteries. In this work, we study the effect of passive hybridization to improve the system performance and reliability, more specifically during steep load variations. We show that SC can provide a sufficient amount of power to the system during the short time needed by the gas supply lines to respond to an increase in power or current density. This makes it possible to always feed the fuel cell with the right amount of gas without anticipating current peaks or load variations. Flat supercapacitors were also designed and made within the framework of this project. The aim was to design cheap and safe SC with materials like activated carbon electrode and LiNO3 as the electrolyte. In this study we also showed how a direct passive hybridization of PEMFC with small aqueous supercapacitors brings to the design of more efficient, simple and reliable FC systems. By using transient load (Heaviside steps), we showed that the direct hybridization of PEMFC with SC allows to extend its lifetime
Ait, Hammou Taleb Saïd. "Couplage d'une pile à combustible avec des supercapacités pour étudier les gains en termes de rendement et de durée de vie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0011/document.
Fuel cell are an electrochemical devices wich convert chemical energy into electricity. In this study we focus on PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells fede by hydrogen and air. This kind of fuel cell has many advantages and show extensive application potentials. If PEMFC exhibits good power capability during steady-state operation, the slow response during transient peak power demands has restrained them for being used in large-scale and high-power transportation applications, such as automobive. To overcome these difficulties, a variety of research has been carried out on the development of hybrid systems based on supercapacitors or batteries. In this work, we study the effect of passive hybridization to improve the system performance and reliability, more specifically during steep load variations. We show that SC can provide a sufficient amount of power to the system during the short time needed by the gas supply lines to respond to an increase in power or current density. This makes it possible to always feed the fuel cell with the right amount of gas without anticipating current peaks or load variations. Flat supercapacitors were also designed and made within the framework of this project. The aim was to design cheap and safe SC with materials like activated carbon electrode and LiNO3 as the electrolyte. In this study we also showed how a direct passive hybridization of PEMFC with small aqueous supercapacitors brings to the design of more efficient, simple and reliable FC systems. By using transient load (Heaviside steps), we showed that the direct hybridization of PEMFC with SC allows to extend its lifetime
Trieste, Sony. "Modélisation et optimisation technico-économique d’une chaîne de conversion et de stockage d’énergie d’un navire électrique zéro émission." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f0390ebf-7401-4e89-b2d7-7c34b47afa88.
The World is facing to many concerns about energy supply. To face to the growing environmental constraints, new technological solutions have to be developed. The new concept of an all-electric ship is one of these promising answers. Today, most of the existing industrial applications do not take into account (or very roughly) the ageing behavior whereas it has a great influence on the cost of long-term applications. In order to improve the technical and the economical aspect of the design, we propose a system approach to determine the optimal configuration of an energy storage system. The originality of this approach is to use different kind of models (losses, ageing and cost) to determine the best cost per year. Finally, this approach is applied to the sizing of a supercapacitor pack with its static converter used for the energy supply of the first supercapacitor commuter with a plug-in architecture
Kovaltchouk, Thibaut. "Contributions à la co-optimisation contrôle-dimensionnement sur cycle de vie sous contrainte réseau des houlogénérateurs directs." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0033/document.
The work of this PhD thesis deals with the minimization of the per-kWh cost of direct-drive wave energy converter, crucial to the economic feasibility of this technology. Despite the simplicity of such a chain (that should provide a better reliability compared to indirect chain), the conversion principle uses an oscillating system (a heaving buoy for example) that induces significant power fluctuations on the production. Without precautions, such fluctuations can lead to: a low global efficiency, an accelerated aging of the fragile electrical components and a failure to respect power quality constraints. To solve these issues, we firstly study the optimization of the direct drive wave energy converter control in order to increase the global energy efficiency (from wave to grid), considering conversion losses and the limit s from the sizing of an electrical chain (maximum force and power). The results point out the effect of the prediction horizon or the mechanical energy into the objective function. Production profiles allow the study of the flicker constraint (due to grid voltage fluctuations) linked notably to the grid characteristics at the connection point. Other models have also been developed to quantify the aging of the most fragile and highly stressed components, namely the energy storage system used for power smoothing (with super capacitors or electrochemical batteries Li-ion) and power semiconductors.Finally, these aging models are used to optimize key design parameters using life-cycle analysis. Moreover, the sizing of the storage system is co-optimized with the smoothing management