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Journal articles on the topic 'Super Insulating Materials'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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1

SCHULTZ, J., K. JENSEN, and F. KRISTIANSEN. "Super insulating aerogel glazing." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 89, no. 2-3 (November 15, 2005): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.01.016.

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2

Fantucci, Stefano, Alice Lorenzati, Georgios Kazas, Dmytro Levchenko, and Gianluca Serale. "Thermal Energy Storage with Super Insulating Materials: A Parametrical Analysis." Energy Procedia 78 (November 2015): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.691.

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3

Zach, Jiří, Jitka Peterková, and Vítězslav Novák. "Utilization of CaO for Improvement of Durability of Vacuum Insulating Panels (VIP)." Solid State Phenomena 296 (August 2019): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.296.203.

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Vacuum insulation panels (VIP) currently belong to a group of so-called super-insulating materials. These are special products with an extremely low equivalent value of the thermal conductivity coefficient. Despite this fact, the use of VIP in the construction industry is rather problematic. The main issue is the relatively complicated VIP integration into building structures, as well as the limited VIP durability. The issue of durability is also one of the main topics of VIP development and research in this field. The paper describes the possibilities of using CaO to increase the durability of vacuum insulation panels.
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4

Zhang, Yun, Jing Qian, and Feng Chen. "Preparation of Biodegradable Phase-Change Refrigerant Used in Insulating Packaging." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.437.

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The starch grafted acrylic super absorbent resin was used as a basic material of refrigerant in insulating packaging. The influence of the amount of initiator on water absorption ability of starch grafted acrylic super absorbent resin was investigated. When the amount of initiator is 4 percent of the starch, the resin's water absorption that is 230g/g displays the best. By adding NaCl solution, the phase change temperature of refrigerant can be conditioned. The experimental results show that the phase change temperature and the latent heat of refrigerant decrease as the NaCl solution concentration increases. The starch grafted acrylic super absorbent resin and the NaCl solution with the concentration of 0~5 percent as refrigerant can be used to transport the products whose required temperatures is between -4 and 0°C. The starch grafted acrylic super absorbent resin can replace the ordinary high polymer materials, playing the role of being easily biodegradable and friendly to environment.
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5

Prakash, Vandana Loka, and R. Ravi. "Usage of hemp and vetiver blended with lime as natural additives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012066.

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Abstract This research demonstrates the neutrality of greenhouse gases with the application of hemp blessed as a simple natural filler for fabric materials, which absorbs greenhouse gaseous like CO2, CO and NOx. Notably in our research hempcrete drafted as heat-insulating dressing material throughout the load-bearing core of panel structures, Hemp,chrysopogen zizanoides used in homes with the extension of bonding bicomponent (hydraulic lime). Our research focusses on Lime-hemp, a lime-vetiver matter, an innovative idea and heat-insulating substance that enhanced greenhouse gas sequestration and enhance heat insulation like artificial materials. It gives super fragrance along its lifetime, Hempcrete is a mixture of hemp, lime hydrate, and water. This is recyclable stuff that contributes tremendous warmth and sound insulation. The most significant fact in the improvement is that it accelerates the setting of lime. Specifically, Hempcrete develops rather swiftly to absorb greenhouse gases, enhance heat insulation. Our main objective was achieved in this novel research by natural additives when blended with lime with around 96% greenhouse gas sequestration from panels made by natural additives. The emissions are checked with AVL 5 gas analyser and the temperature of the materials during the operation by IR temperature gun. It is also observed thatt by using these panels, we can enhance the heat insulation also which is an additional advantage of using the natural additives.
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Heyer, Markus, André Berkefeld, Pascal Voepel, and Barbara Milow. "Advanced Opacified Fiber-Reinforced Silica-Based Aerogel Composites for Superinsulation of Exhaust Tubing Systems in Semi-Stationary Motors." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 2677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122677.

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Within this study, monolithic three-dimensional silica aerogel (SA) composite parts with super insulating properties are presented. A generic part based on fiber-reinforced (FR) silica aerogel for thermal insulation of the exhaust tubing system—to keep the exhaust gases as hot as possible to improve the efficiency of the catalyst system—was produced via a sol-gel-based molding process in combination with a supercritical drying using scCO2. A thermal conductivity of 16 mW m−1 K−1 was measured via a heat flow meter technique. In this manuscript, we present a full cycle of the material compound design, starting with fundamental material evaluation including aerogel optimization, opacifier influence, and casting process. The obtained generic part in shape of a half-shell for pipe insulation is characterized under real conditions.
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7

Lungulescu, Eduard-Marius, Radu Setnescu, Sorin Ilie, and Mauro Taborelli. "On the Use of Oxidation Induction Time as a Kinetic Parameter for Condition Monitoring and Lifetime Evaluation under Ionizing Radiation Environments." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 10, 2022): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122357.

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The durability of polymeric materials is closely linked to their degradation under specific operating conditions when different stressors—general or specific, such as high temperature, sunlight or ionizing radiation, solvents, or mechanical stresses—act simultaneously, causing degradation. In the case of electrical cables, the durability of the electrically insulating materials used in their construction is an important parameter to ensure their operational security. In this work, we studied the degradation state of various types of electrical insulating materials from cables used in particle acceleration systems under European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) conditions (e.g., Super Proton Synchrotron, SPS) as a function of time and irradiation dose. A simple kinetic model was proposed based on the exponential decrease in the antioxidant amount in polymeric insulations. The onset oxidation time (OIT) values, used as an indicator of antioxidant concentration, were obtained from isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and chemiluminescence (CL) measurements. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were used to assess the degradation state and identify polymeric materials. The practical applicability of such a model in diagnosing degradation and in the subsequent evaluation of the remaining service life is of interest, as it can be adapted to a broad range of operating conditions and materials.
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8

Luzhbin, D. A., and C. C. Kaun. "Bias-driven super-insulating state in prismane single-molecule contacts." physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters 5, no. 8 (June 21, 2011): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201105279.

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9

Groult, Sophie, and Tatiana Budtova. "Thermal conductivity/structure correlations in thermal super-insulating pectin aerogels." Carbohydrate Polymers 196 (September 2018): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.026.

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10

Geng, Gang Qiang, Jing Tao Guo, Jun Jun Zou, and Gong Xun Bian. "Synthesis Technology of Silica Aerogels/Polystyrene Core-Shell Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1833.

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In order to obtain super aerogels heat insulating composite materials with silane coupling agent on the in-situ surface treatment. The core-shell structure composite materials have been prepared by dispersion polymerization process of polystyrene grafted on the SiO2 particles. By TEM on these samples the impact of the system components initiator polymerization parameters and dispersion process was discussed. The results showed that the system component of the greatest impact on conversion rate is the ratio of aerogels /St ,the optimum reaction temperature is 75 °C.With organic initiator KPS as initiator after a unique ultrasound technique to obtain the core-shell composite materials structure which coating is 70%.
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11

Berardi, Umberto, and Christoph Sprengard. "An overview of and introduction to current researches on super insulating materials for high-performance buildings." Energy and Buildings 214 (May 2020): 109890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109890.

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12

Song, Mingyao, Jungang Jiang, Hengfei Qin, Xueyong Ren, and Feng Jiang. "Flexible and Super Thermal Insulating Cellulose Nanofibril/Emulsion Composite Aerogel with Quasi-Closed Pores." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 40 (September 15, 2020): 45363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c14091.

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13

Lee, Hyeseong, Doojin Lee, Jaehyun Cho, Young-O. Kim, Soonho Lim, SangJun Youn, Yong Chae Jung, Seong Yun Kim, and Dong Gi Seong. "Super-insulating, flame-retardant, and flexible poly(dimethylsiloxane) composites based on silica aerogel." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 123 (August 2019): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.05.004.

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14

Cannavale, Alessandro, Francesco Martellotta, Umberto Berardi, Chiara Rubino, Stefania Liuzzi, Vincenzo De Carlo, and Ubaldo Ayr. "Modeling of an Aerogel-Based “Thermal Break” for Super-Insulated Window Frames." Buildings 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030060.

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Research activities in the field of innovative fixtures are continuously aiming at increasing their thermal and optical performances to offer optimal exploitation of daylight and solar gains, providing effective climate screen, according to increasing standards for indoor comfort and energy saving. Within this work, we designed an innovative aerogel-based “thermal break” for window frames, so as to consistently reduce the frame conductance. Then, we compared the performance of this new frame both with currently used and obsolete frames, present in most of the existing building stock. Energy savings for heating and cooling were assessed for different locations and confirmed the potential role played by super-insulating materials in fixtures for extremely rigid climates.
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15

Marrone, Paola, Francesco Asdrubali, Daniela Venanzi, Federico Orsini, Luca Evangelisti, Claudia Guattari, Roberto De Lieto Vollaro, et al. "On the Retrofit of Existing Buildings with Aerogel Panels: Energy, Environmental and Economic Issues." Energies 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051276.

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Among the super insulating materials, aerogel has interesting properties: very low thermal conductivity and density, resistance to high temperatures and transparency. It is a rather expensive material, but incentives in the field can improve its economic attractiveness. Starting from this, the thermal behavior of a test building entirely insulated with aerogel panels was investigated through an extended experimental campaign. A dynamic simulation model of a case study building was generated to better comprehend the energy savings obtained through aerogel in terms of energy demand over a whole year. The investigation was completed by computing the carbon and energy payback times of various retrofit strategies through a life cycle assessment approach, as well as by a cost-benefit analysis through a probabilistic financial framework. Compared to conventional insulation materials, aerogel is characterized by a higher energy and carbon payback time, but it guarantees better environmental performance in the whole life cycle. From an economic-financial perspective, the aerogel retrofit is the best in the current tax incentive scenario. However, due to its higher lump-sum investment, aerogel’s net present value is very sensitive to tax deductions, and it is riskier than the best comparable materials in less favorable tax scenarios.
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16

Orlovic, Aleksandar, and Dejan Skala. "Materials processing using supercritical fluids." Chemical Industry 59, no. 9-10 (2005): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0510213o.

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One of the most interesting areas of supercritical fluids applications is the processing of novel materials. These new materials are designed to meet specific requirements and to make possible new applications in Pharmaceuticals design, heterogeneous catalysis, micro- and nano-particles with unique structures, special insulating materials, super capacitors and other special technical materials. Two distinct possibilities to apply supercritical fluids in processing of materials: synthesis of materials in supercritical fluid environment and/or further processing of already obtained materials with the help of supercritical fluids. By adjusting synthesis parameters the properties of supercritical fluids can be significantly altered which further results in the materials with different structures. Unique materials can be also obtained by conducting synthesis in quite specific environments like reversed micelles. This paper is mainly devoted to processing of previously synthesized materials which are further processed using supercritical fluids. Several new methods have been developed to produce micro- and nano-particles with the use of supercritical fluids. The following methods: rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) supercritical anti-solvent (SAS), materials synthesis under supercritical conditions and encapsulation and coating using supercritical fluids were recently developed.
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17

Lee, Heon-Gyeong, and Jin-Gyu Kim. "Volume and Surface Resistivity Measurement of Insulating Materials Using Guard-Ring Terminal Electrodes." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112811.

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Recently, eco-friendly energy conversion policies have been being promoted through de-nuclearization and de-coal. For this purpose, a super grid should be built to optimize sustainable renewable energy resources such as solar and wind power. Accordingly, considering the various problems such as technology and cost, a system for efficient energy transmission is required. Hence, research is being actively conducted to apply it, owing to the development of the high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. Among HVDC systems, the cable system is extremely important, in addition to the measurement of the dielectric breakdown strength, space charge, and volume resistivity of insulating materials. The existing resistivity measurement method measures both the volume and surface resistivity using a three-terminal electrode that is used in the international standards of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 257 and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60093. However, the circuit configuration differs depending on the measurement of the volume and surface resistivity; moreover, when a DC voltage is applied to the insulator, a charging current flows and there are multiple samples to be measured, which takes a considerable amount of time. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a new type of resistivity measurement system that is based on the existing three-terminal electrode system. Furthermore, we produced a system capable of simultaneously measuring the volume and surface resistivity. Finally, using this system, we compared and analyzed the volume and surface resistivity of five insulating materials.
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18

Park, Se-Hwi, Min Lee, Pureun-Narae Sun, and Eun-Chang Kang. "Effect of resin content on the physiochemical and combustion properties of wood fiber insulation board." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 5210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5210-5225.

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As petrochemical products (including plastics) contribute to the destruction of the natural environment, the use of such products must be reduced. Plastics account for 90% of the insulation materials used in Korea, including extruded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polystyrene (XPS), and urethane foam. Wood-fiber insulation board (WIB) is a promising natural alternative to petrochemical insulation. This study aimed to determine the optimal amount of adhesive resin required for manufacturing WIB. Fire-resistant WIB was prepared with a melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin (ranging from 20% to 35%), and the physicochemical and fire-resistant properties were determined. Higher resin content led to improved physical properties, while the thermal conductivity was unaffected. With the exception of 35% resin content in the WIB, the formaldehyde emissions of the WIB samples complied with the Korean Industrial Standards requirements for Super E0 grade (less than 0.3 mg per L). The physicochemical properties of the WIB samples were sufficient for use as an insulating material, even at 20% resin content. A perpendicular flame test revealed that all samples formed a carbonized layer to prevent flame penetration, except for the specimen with 20% of the resin content. The cone calorimeter testing indicated that the MUF adhesives acted as an effective fire retardant at resin contents above 25%.
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19

Sun, Potao, Chuang Li, Wenxia Sima, Tao Yuan, Ming Yang, and Yongqing Chen. "Super Electrical Insulating Materials Based on Honeycomb‐Inspired Nanostructure: High Electrical Strength and Low Permittivity and Dielectric Loss." Advanced Electronic Materials 8, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 2100979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202100979.

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20

Bahrani, Seyed Amir, Yves Jannot, and Alain Degiovanni. "Extension and optimization of a three-layer method for the estimation of thermal conductivity of super-insulating materials." Journal of Applied Physics 116, no. 14 (October 14, 2014): 143509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4897507.

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21

Wan, Zhongyu, Chao Zhang, Tianyi Yang, Wenjun Xu, and Ruiqin Zhang. "Predicted superconductivity and superionic state in the electride Li5N under high pressure." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 113012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac9cff.

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Abstract Recently, electrides have received increasing attention due to their multifunctional properties as superconducting, catalytic, insulating, and electrode materials, with potential to offer other performance and possess novel physical states. This work uncovers that Li5N as an electride possess four novel physical states simultaneously: electride state, super-coordinated state, superconducting state, and superionic state. By obtaining high-pressure phase diagrams of the Li–N system at 150–350 GPa using a crystal structure search algorithm, we find that Li5N can remain stable as P6/mmm structure and has a 14-fold super-coordination number, as verified by Bader charge and electron localization function analysis. Its superconducting transition temperature reaches the highest at 150 GPa (T c = 48.97 K). Besides, Li5N exhibits the superionic state at 3000 K, in which N atoms act like solid, while some Li atoms flow like liquid. The above results are further verified at a macroscopic level by using deep learning potential molecular dynamics simulations.
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Yuan, Ye, Mao Wang, Chi Xu, René Hübner, Roman Böttger, Rafal Jakiela, Manfred Helm, Maciej Sawicki, and Shengqiang Zhou. "Electronic phase separation in insulating (Ga, Mn) As with low compensation: super-paramagnetism and hopping conduction." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 30, no. 9 (February 14, 2018): 095801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aaa9a7.

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23

Kavitha, Maheshwari Kavirajan, Tushar Sakorikar, Pramitha Vayalamkuzhi, and Manu Jaiswal. "Breakdown of water super-permeation in electrically insulating graphene oxide films: role of dual interlayer spacing." Nanotechnology 29, no. 32 (June 7, 2018): 325706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aac644.

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24

Zhao, Jinchuan, Guilong Wang, Weijun Zhu, Zhaorui Xu, Aimin Zhang, Guiwei Dong, and Guoqun Zhao. "Ultra-light, super-insulating, and strong polystyrene/carbon nanofiber nanocomposite foams fabricated by microcellular foaming." European Polymer Journal 173 (June 2022): 111261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111261.

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25

Ueno, Tomoyuki, Tomoyuki Ishimine, Kenji Matsunuma, Takao Nishioka, Yasushi Mochida, and Yoshiyuki Shimada. "Study on the High-Efficiency Smoothness Grinding of Soft Magnetic Powder Cores." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.10.

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Soft magnetic powder cores are materials manufactured by pressing pure iron powder covered with insulating film into shape. These are widely known soft magnetic materials which are used as essential electromagnetic conversion parts in automobiles and household appliances. In recent years, demand for higher magnetic properties and dimensional precision has been growing with respect to soft magnetic powder cores. It has therefore become necessary to develop a high-efficiency, high-precision finishing method. The issues to be addressed with regard to this kind of method are: (1) the pure iron used in these materials displays ductility resulting in burring and cohesion to machining tools, (2) these materials are green compacts with low binding forces between powder particles and high tendencies towards cracking and gouging, and (3) these materials possess residual pores at levels of several percent thus resulting in microscopically intermittent processing which causes heavy machining tool wear. We have solved these issues through the development of a super-smooth finishing method designed for soft magnetic powder cores.
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26

Munier, Pierre, Varvara Apostolopoulou-Kalkavoura, Michael Persson, and Lennart Bergström. "Strong silica-nanocellulose anisotropic composite foams combine low thermal conductivity and low moisture uptake." Cellulose 27, no. 18 (December 12, 2019): 10825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02912-0.

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AbstractWe report the fabrication of anisotropic lightweight composite foams based on commercial colloidal silica particles and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF). The unidirectional ice-templating of silica-TOCNF dispersions resulted in anisotropic foams with columnar porous structures in which the inorganic and organic components were homogeneously distributed. The facile addition of silica particles yielded a significant enhancement in mechanical strength, compared to TOCNF-only foams, and a 3.5-fold increase in toughness at a density of 20 kg m−3. The shape of the silica particles had a large effect on the mechanical properties; anisotropic silica particles were found to strengthen the foams more efficiently than spherical particles. The water uptake of the foams and the axial thermal conductivity in humid air were reduced by the addition of silica. The composite foams were super-insulating at dry conditions at room temperature, with a radial thermal conductivity value as low as 24 mW m−1 K−1, and remained lower than 35 mW m−1 K−1 up to 80% relative humidity. The combination of high strength, low thermal conductivity and manageable moisture sensitivity suggests that silica-TOCNF composite foams could be an attractive alternative to the oil-based thermal insulating materials.
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27

Tokiwa, Yoshifumi, Boy Piening, Hirale S. Jeevan, Sergey L. Bud’ko, Paul C. Canfield, and Philipp Gegenwart. "Super-heavy electron material as metallic refrigerant for adiabatic demagnetization cooling." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1600835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600835.

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Low-temperature refrigeration is of crucial importance in fundamental research of condensed matter physics, because the investigations of fascinating quantum phenomena, such as superconductivity, superfluidity, and quantum criticality, often require refrigeration down to very low temperatures. Currently, cryogenic refrigerators with3He gas are widely used for cooling below 1 K. However, usage of the gas has been increasingly difficult because of the current worldwide shortage. Therefore, it is important to consider alternative methods of refrigeration. We show that a new type of refrigerant, the super-heavy electron metal YbCo2Zn20, can be used for adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration, which does not require3He gas. This method has a number of advantages, including much better metallic thermal conductivity compared to the conventional insulating refrigerants. We also demonstrate that the cooling performance is optimized in Yb1−xScxCo2Zn20by partial Sc substitution, withx~ 0.19. The substitution induces chemical pressure that drives the materials to a zero-field quantum critical point. This leads to an additional enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in low fields and low temperatures, enabling final temperatures well below 100 mK. This performance has, up to now, been restricted to insulators. For nearly a century, the same principle of using local magnetic moments has been applied for adiabatic demagnetization cooling. This study opens new possibilities of using itinerant magnetic moments for cryogen-free refrigeration.
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Li, Yaodong, Rui Niu, Feng Xu, Weili Zhen, Hui Huang, Jingrong Wang, Wenka Zhu, and Changjin Zhang. "Enhanced magnetism and persistent insulating state in Mn doped Sr2IrO4." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 23 (April 5, 2022): 235602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac5e05.

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Abstract The influences of Mn substitution at the Ir site of Sr2IrO4 are investigated via a comprehensive study of the variation of structural parameters, the transport and magnetic properties of the Sr2Ir1−x Mn x O4 samples. The incorporation of Mn leads to an increase of the in-plane Ir–O–Ir bond angle, while it is not sufficient to drive the Mott-insulating state to a metallic state. Interestingly, we find a coexistence of Ir4+–O2−–Ir4+ super-exchange interaction and Mn3+–O2−–Mn4+ double exchange interaction in x ⩾ 0.06 samples. The Mn3+–O2−–Mn4+ ferromagnetic domains are isolated by the Ir4+–O2−–Ir4+ antiferromagnetic areas, leading to a severely localized electronic and magnetic states. The electron hopping between the localized states dominates the conductivity of the Sr2Ir1−x Mn x O4 samples.
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29

Kremnev, V. O., L. U. Shpilberg, A. V. Timoshchenko, O. V. Hylienko, and Ye V. Timoshchenko. "Energy efficient of the production of the heat insulation based on the basalt super thin fibers." Кераміка: наука і життя, no. 4(41) (December 28, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26909/csl.4.2018.3.

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A brief historical overview of the creation of technology of the materials based on staple basalt fibers is given. The primary role in creating the technology of the Institute for Problems of Materials Science of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, a number of academic and sectoral institutes is noted. Thermophysical characteristics of basalt fibrous materials and basalt-bentonite products are given. For fibrous materials based on BSTF, the following dependences are given: thermal conductivity coefficient, as a function of density and temperature; optimal density of the heat insulating canvas, characterized by a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity, as a function of temperature; the compaction factor of the canvas, as a function of temperature. The description of the multistage duplex process of the BSTF production is given. The block diagrams of the production processes for soft and semi-rigid products are considered. The stages of production at which natural gas is consumed are highlighted. A high proportion of the cost of energy in the cost of finished products reaches 70 - 80% is given. The results of experimental-industrial tests of the main gas-using equipment - melting furnaces, gas burners, tunnel dryer are given. Two methods were used to determine specific energy consumption. The maximum of the values determined by different methods was chosen as the defining value of energy consumption. There is a non-stationary nature of the equipment. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of specific indicators of natural gas consumption per unit of finished product, and heat per 1 kg of evaporated moisture. Thus, the specific consumption of natural gas per 1 kg of BSTF, for the existing technology, is 4,8 standard cubic meter, and the release of 1 cubic meters basalto-bentonite plate - 300 standard cubic meter. The basic heat engineering principles are formulated, which will allow a multiple increase in the energy efficiency of heat technologies, among them - the reduction of losses through the structures of equipment; loss reduction with high-temperature combustion products; intensification of heat and mass transfer processes in equipment components and elimination of unorganized gas exchange of internal technological volumes.
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30

Sun, Potao, Chuang Li, Wenxia Sima, Tao Yuan, Ming Yang, and Yongqing Chen. "Super Electrical Insulating Materials Based on Honeycomb‐Inspired Nanostructure: High Electrical Strength and Low Permittivity and Dielectric Loss (Adv. Electron. Mater. 4/2022)." Advanced Electronic Materials 8, no. 4 (April 2022): 2270015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202270015.

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31

Lakatos, Ákos. "Novel Thermal Insulation Materials for Buildings." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 6713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186713.

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Using thermal insulation materials to reduce energy loss in buildings is a key action. For reducing the building’s energy use, firstly, the internal unheated spaces (attics, cellars) should be insulated, followed by the insulation of the external walls, and changing the doors and windows. Finally, the building can be completed with the renovation/maintenance of its service systems. Newly designed and constructed buildings are subject to increasingly strict regulations, which highlight the minimization and elimination of wasteful energy use and the resulting emissions of harmful substances. Therefore, the use of thermal insulation is the first step in making buildings more energy efficient. In this editorial, seven articles covering thermal insulation possibilities and topics are highlighted. This paper reflected on the use of thermal insulations both for internal and external applications. This editorial also promotes the use of super insulation materials such as aerogels and vacuum insulation panels; furthermore, the possible applications of bio-based insulations are also endorsed. In this paper, the sound insulation capabilities of some materials are also emphasized, and they will be presented from the point of view of cost.
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An, Lulu, Rong Gu, Bo Zhong, Jilin Wang, Junyan Zhang, and Yuanlie Yu. "Quasi‐Isotropically Thermal Conductive, Highly Transparent, Insulating and Super‐Flexible Polymer Films Achieved by Cross Linked 2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets." Small 17, no. 46 (October 11, 2021): 2101409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202101409.

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Khokhrіakova, D. O., and H. V. Shamrina. "Prefabricated structures of buildings from steel thin-wall cold formed profiles Cocoon "Transformer"." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 1, no. 50 (November 11, 2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2022.50(1).51-60.

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Cocoon System AG's light steel thin-walled structures have proven their worth in numerous superstructures, extensions, exterior wall and ceiling systems, as well as complex projects by internationally renowned architects. As part of the implementation and development of lightweight construction methods, this company has developed the Cocoon "Transformer" system, represented by prefabricated wall and floor structures with varying degrees of completeness and enlargement, registered as ETA - 11/0105. The Cocoon "Transformer" system is a frame-sheathing self-supporting or load-bearing, external or internal structure, the components of which are steel thin-walled cold-formed profiles, plate materials (cladding), insulating materials and fasteners. ETA-11/0105 suggests an optimization of this structural system. The European project ELISSA was created to improve the construction of walls, floors, roofs and volumetric modules of the Cocoon "Transformer" system with improved thermal, acoustic, vibration / seismic and fire resistance characteristics, as well as to develop industrially safe methods for their application. The use of high-performance airgel thermal insulation strips in this project minimized the effect of thermal bridging in the exterior wall structure and brought the heat transfer coefficient closer to the requirements of a passive house. The new prefabricated lightweight elements ELISSA, which demonstrate a high level of energy efficiency, provide the possibility of using insulated vacuum panels (VIP) with increased strength. The increased strength of Super Insulated VIP Panels is due to the use of foils with better endurance and also encapsulated in polyurethane. However, the version of the ELISSA system using VIP panels significantly increases the cost of the wall structure, which may hinder its widespread use in Ukraine. The creation of standard economic solutions with a sufficient level of energy efficiency according to the Cocoon "Transformer" construction concept will allow, to a certain extent, to reduce the costs of restoring the housing stock of Ukraine, damaged as a result of hostilities, and solve the problem of rapid new construction to replace completely destroyed housing.
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AbdulKadir, H. K. "Preparation and Dielectric Properties of Polyaniline-Coated Magnetite Nanocomposites." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22352.

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The conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) exhibit considerable electrical conductive properties. The coating of PANI with magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles formed composites (PANI/Fe3O4) with required dielectric properties. The morphology result study of PANI/Fe3O4 by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) indicate the presence of PANI with tubes like structure containing different wt % of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (5, 15, 25 wt %). The structural pattern investigated by XRD revealed the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles at 2θ = 35.58º, while the amorphous structure indicates the presence of PANI matrix. However, the chemical bonding analysis using FTIR shows chemical conjugation of bonds at 3336, 3300 and 3277 cm-1 due to presence of NH group in PANI and OH group in Fe3O4 nanoparticles, while presence of 504 and 526 cm-1 suggesting that Fe3O4 nanoparticles are present in the composites materials. The dielectric properties study by 4-point probe and VSM shows that PANI and PANI/Fe3O4 nanocomposites exhibit good electrical properties (1.55 to 1.35 S/cm) which are decreasing with increase of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, may be resulting due to insulating behaviour of the magnetic nanoparticles, while the magnetic properties of PANI/Fe3O4 nanocomposites indicate super paramagnetic properties with saturation magnetization of (59.4, 5.96, 11.94 and 15.43 emus/g).
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Chung, Yoon Do, Chang Young Lee, Kwang Myung Park, Eun Young Park, and Yong Chu. "Conceptual Design of Isolated Power for Quench Detection System With Highly Insulating Stability Under Super High Field Magnets Using Wireless Power Transfer Technology." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 30, no. 4 (June 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2020.2983682.

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Woods, Ruth, and Marius Støylen Korsnes. "Between craft and regulations: experiences with the construction of two “super insulated” buildings in Norway." Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/njsts.v5i2.2322.

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Building regulations set standards that aim to reduce energy use and CO2 emissions, and thereby to support the development of a more sustainable building stock. The Norwegian government uses building regulations to influence the construction industry, and they directly affect how craftspeople from the industry apply their skills. Regulations are converging with understandings about sustainability, energy use, building materials, and comfort requirements that are circulating in society. In this paper, we investigate the negotiations between the meaning and value associated with the requirements for the material structure and the craftsperson’s role. Two houses in Central Norway are the starting point, where qualitative methods, primarily semi-structured interviews and observation, are used to gain insight into the craftsperson’s view of the Norwegian building regulations. The two houses represent two different building standards. A Passive House in Åfjord Municipality, completed in 2014, and ZEB Living Lab in Trondheim, a zero emission building (ZEB), completed in 2015. In Norway, the building regulations are reviewed every five years. In 2011, craftspeople were constructing buildings to the low-energy standard. This led to an increased focus on “super insulating” building techniques during period 2013-16 when the case studies took place. Starting with a craftsperson’s (in this case most often a carpenter’s) view of current and future building standards, this paper asks what implications the increasing demands for energy efficient and environmentally friendly buildings have on the role of the craftsperson and their application of skill. The paper shows that the construction industry bases much of its activity on Norwegian construction traditions and skill; and that this guides the development of new generations of buildings. The use of established skills and knowledge is both a strength and a challenge when dealing with a new set of building regulations. Skill is a resource to build upon, but it is also influenced by a conservativism that has difficulties getting beyond the extra time and costs associated with new regulations. It can therefore function as a barrier to the use of construction crafts to establish more sustainable building forms within the Norwegian market.
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Gan, Yong X., and Jeremy B. Gan. "Advances in Manufacturing Composite Carbon Nanofiber-Based Aerogels." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020073.

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This article provides an overview on manufacturing composite carbon nanofiber-based aerogels through freeze casting technology. As known, freeze casting is a relatively new manufacturing technique for generating highly porous structures. During the process, deep cooling is used first to rapidly solidify a well-dispersed slurry. Then, vacuum drying is conducted to sublimate the solvent. This allows the creation of highly porous materials. Although the freeze casting technique was initially developed for porous ceramics processing, it has found various applications, especially for making aerogels. Aerogels are highly porous materials with extremely high volume of free spaces, which contributes to the characteristics of high porosity, ultralight, large specific surface area, huge interface area, and in addition, super low thermal conductivity. Recently, carbon nanofiber aerogels have been studied to achieve exceptional properties of high stiffness, flame-retardant and thermal-insulating. The freeze casting technology has been reported for preparing carbon nanofiber composite aerogels for energy storage, energy conversion, water purification, catalysis, fire prevention etc. This review deals with freeze casting carbon nanofiber composite materials consisting of functional nanoparticles with exceptional properties. The content of this review article is organized as follows. The first part will introduce the general freeze casting manufacturing technology of aerogels with the emphasis on how to use the technology to make nanoparticle-containing composite carbon nanofiber aerogels. Then, modeling and characterization of the freeze cast particle-containing carbon nanofibers will be presented with an emphasis on modeling the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the carbon nanofiber network aerogels. After that, the applications of the carbon nanofiber aerogels will be described. Examples of energy converters, supercapacitors, secondary battery electrodes, dye absorbents, sensors, and catalysts made from composite carbon nanofiber aerogels will be shown. Finally, the perspectives to future work will be presented.
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Santos, Paulo, David Abrantes, Paulo Lopes, and Diogo Mateus. "Experimental and Numerical Performance Evaluation of Bio-Based and Recycled Thermal Break Strips in LSF Partition Walls." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2022): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081237.

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The thermal performance of Lightweight Steel Framed (LSF) walls could be strongly compromised due to steel’s high thermal conductivity and their related thermal bridges. In this paper, the performance of bio-based (pine wood) and recycled (rubber–cork composite) Thermal Break Strip (TBS) materials, to mitigate the thermal bridge effect originated by steel profiles in LSF partition walls, is evaluated. This assessment was achieved by measurements under controlled laboratory conditions and by predictions using some numerical simulation models. Regarding the measurements, two climatic chambers (cold and hot) were used to impose a nearly constant temperature difference (around 35 °C), between the LSF partition test samples’ surfaces. To measure the overall surface-to-surface thermal resistance (R-value) of the evaluated LSF wall configurations, the Heat Flow Meter (HFM) method was used. Moreover, the measured values were compared with the calculations by 2D (THERM models) and 3D (ANSYS models) numerical simulations, exhibiting an excellent agreement (less than ±2% difference). Three TBS locations and three materials are evaluated, with their thermal performance improvement compared with a reference interior partition LSF wall, having no TBS. The top performance was accomplished by the aerogel super-insulating TBS material. The bio-based material (pine wood) and the recycled rubber–cork composite present quite similar results, with a slight advantage for the pine wood TBSs, given their higher thickness. Considering the TBS location, the inner and outer side present comparable performances. When using TBSs on both sides of steel profile flanges, there is a relevant thermal performance improvement, as expected. The thickness of the TBS also presents a noteworthy influence on the LSF partition thermal resistance.
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39

Gong, XiaoTong, and ShiMeng Feng. "Eigen equation of super insulation materials." Computational Condensed Matter 14 (March 2018): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocom.2018.01.007.

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40

Vajó, Brigitta, and Ákos Lakatos. "Super Insulation Materials—An Application to Historical Buildings." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2021): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110525.

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The main purpose of this paper is to present the use of super thermal insulation materials for a historical building through a calculation-based case study. The development of the insulation materials is based on the objective of making buildings as energy efficient as possible, and the energy loss should be kept to a minimum, for both new and existing buildings. For this purpose, the thermal insulation materials used so far have not always achieved maximum effectiveness. In the case of historical buildings, it is particularly difficult to solve insulation issues, as the building cannot lose its former appearance. However, aerogel and vacuum insulation panels can also be used as thin thermal protective layers. In this paper, we will specifically deal with the presentation of the possible application of super thermal insulation materials, such as vacuum insulation panels and aerogels. We will present thermal conductivity measurement results as well as their application through building energetic calculations applied to a historical building as a case study. We will also present certain calculations regarding the costs. The paper highlights that savings of energy costs of approximately 30% can be reached using vacuum insulation sandwich panels. Furthermore, the overall thermal transmittance of the building also decreases by about 35% if vacuum insulation sandwich panels are used for the refurbishment.
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Lakatos, Ákos. "Exceeding the Applicability Limit of Aerogel Super Insulation Materials in Different Environmental Conditions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 7824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217824.

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Newly designed and constructed buildings are subjected to increasingly strict regulations which emphasize the minimization and, where possible, the elimination of wasteful energy consumption, thus resulting in a decrease in emissions. Thermal insulation materials have an important role in making better use of the primary energy delivered to consumer systems, be it by an industrial process or building services systems or in residential and commercial buildings. It is well declared that buildings account for about 30% of total energy consumption, while they contribute to about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. High-performance insulation has great potential to achieve the European Commission’s ambitious goals for reducing the thermal loss of buildings. A new class of super insulation materials (SIMs) could play an important role in the future of insulations (e.g., fiber-reinforced silica aerogel). This material is grouped with super insulation materials by the sixty-fifth annex of the International Energy Agency. However, due to their short presence on the market, we do not know much about their long-term performance, and if their properties change with time, the question is how and in which direction they do. This is why their artificial aging is so important through thermal annealing, in addition to exposing them to high humidity and low temperatures. In this paper, the application of measurement results after the artificial aging of fiber-reinforced silica aerogel will be discussed. In order to see the changes in the thermal insulation capability of the materials, 13 different cases of environmental exposures are discussed. These cases will be presented to see possible changes in the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel after treating it in different climatic conditions. Firstly, samples were exposed to humidity treatments at 296 K with different relative humidities (0, 35, 50, 65, 80 and 90%) until they reached equilibrium moisture contents. Secondly, the samples were heat treated once for 6 weeks at 343 K, then for 1 day at 373, 423, 453 and 483 K. Moreover, we wanted to see the effects of frost, and thus we executed a freeze–thaw cycle on the samples for 25 days between 258 and 303 K. After these curing procedures, the thermal conductivities of the samples were measured with a heat flow meter, according to the ISO 8301 standard. The measured thermal conductivity values after heat treatment, wetting and freezing were used for building energetics calculations, with a special focus on the thermal transmittance of two different hypothetical building structures (brick- and concrete-based walls) covered with the mentioned insulation.
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42

SOWARD, A. M., and E. DORMY. "Shear-layers in magnetohydrodynamic spherical Couette flow with conducting walls." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 645 (February 2, 2010): 145–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009992539.

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We consider the steady axisymmetric motion of an electrically conducting fluid contained within a spherical shell and permeated by a centred axial dipole magnetic field, which is strong as measured by the Hartmann number M. Slow axisymmetric motion is driven by rotating the inner boundary relative to the stationary outer boundary. For M ≫ 1, viscous effects are only important in Hartmann boundary layers adjacent to the inner and outer boundaries and a free shear-layer on the magnetic field line that is tangent to the outer boundary on the equatorial plane of symmetry. We measure the ability to leak electric current into the solid boundaries by the size of their relative conductance ɛ. Since the Hartmann layers are sustained by the electric current flow along them, the current inflow from the fluid mainstream needed to feed them increases in concert with the relative conductance, because of the increasing fraction ℒ of the current inflow leaked directly into the solids. Therefore the nature of the flow is sensitive to the relative sizes of ɛ−1 and M.The current work extends an earlier study of the case of a conducting inner boundary and an insulating outer boundary with conductance ɛo = 0 (Dormy, Jault & Soward, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 452, 2002, pp. 263–291) to other values of the outer boundary conductance. Firstly, analytic results are presented for the case of perfectly conducting inner and outer boundaries, which predict super-rotation rates Ωmax of order M1/2 in the free shear-layer. Successful comparisons are made with numerical results for both perfectly and finitely conducting boundaries. Secondly, in the case of a finitely conducting outer boundary our analytic results show that Ωmax is O(M1/2) for ɛo−1 ≪ 1 ≪ M3/4, O(ɛo2/3M1/2) for 1 ≪ ɛo−1 ≪ M3/4 and O(1) for 1 ≪ M3/4 ≪ ɛo−1. On increasing ɛo−1 from zero, substantial electric current leakage into the outer boundary, ℒo ≈ 1, occurs for ɛo−1 ≪ M3/4 with the shear-layer possessing the character appropriate to a perfectly conducting outer boundary. When ɛo−1 = O(M3/4) the current leakage is blocked near the equator, and the nature of the shear-layer changes. So, when M3/4 ≪ ɛo−1, the shear-layer has the character appropriate to an insulating outer boundary. More precisely, over the range M3/4 ≪ ɛo−1 ≪ M the blockage spreads outwards, reaching the pole when ɛo−1 = O(M). For M ≪ ɛo−1 current flow into the outer boundary is completely blocked, ℒo ≪ 1.
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43

Johansson, Pär, and Paula Wahlgren. "Interior insulation using super insulation materials: saving energy and space." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 588 (November 21, 2020): 052017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/588/5/052017.

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44

Xiao, Yigai, Hongwei Deng, Zhimou Xie, and Wei He. "Application of Nanoporous Super Thermal Insulation Material in the Prevention and Control of Thermal Hazards in Deep Mining of Metal Mines." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2390616.

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As an important energy material, mineral resources have an important role in the rapid growth of the national economy. In recent years, with the enhancement of mining strength and the improvement of mechanized production level, the depth of mining has also increased year by year. Therefore, the number of heat hazards in deep mine mining has increased year by year, and the problem of heat loss in deep mines has become increasingly prominent, which has seriously affected the safe and efficient production of mines. In this paper, the application of nanoporous super insulation materials in the prevention of thermal damage in deep mining of metal mines is studied, and the related theories of nanoporous super insulation materials and the prevention of thermal damage in deep mining of metal mines are understood on the basis of literature data. Nanoporous thermal insulation materials refer to thermal insulation materials with pore diameters in the nanometer range. This material can effectively prevent the collision of gas molecules and prevent the heat conduction of the gas. Then, the application experiment of nanoporous super thermal insulation materials in the prevention and control of heat damage in deep mining of metal mines is carried out. Through experiments, it is concluded that the room temperature thermal conductivity of the experimental material decreases with the increase of the addition of SiO2 aerogel, and the downward trend is linear, and when the heat source temperature is 200°C, the coating surface temperature of the thermal insulation material (excluding aerogel) is 100°C, and the thermal insulation temperature difference is 100°C, while when the coating surface temperature of the aerogel thermal insulation coating is only 60°C, the thermal insulation temperature difference is 140°C. From these data, it can be seen that the thermal insulation performance of nanoporous super thermal insulation materials is better, which verifies the feasibility of its application in the prevention of heat damage in metal mine mining.
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45

He, Fei, Xiao Dong He, J. F. Li, Ming Wei Li, and S. M. Zhang. "The Insulated Effect of New Inorganic Coatings on the Surface of Fiber Paper." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.682.

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The unitary thermal insulation fiber materials can not satisfy rigorous high temperature environment usually. New inorganic coatings were prepared by adding SiO2 aerogels super-insulation powder into high temperature adhesive. Aerogels are high dispersive solid materials which consist of colloid particles or high polymer molecule and have continuous random network structure filling with gaseous dispersive medium. The coatings with super insulation function were made by means of adding thermal-proof materials to the coatings. The microstructure of light porous power and the states of coatings on the surface of fiber paper under different state were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The insulated effect of the composite materials was tested by considering thermal conductivity. On the basis of this, the coatings on the surface of fiber paper were optimized according to the material thermal-insulation performance and the materials that could be satisfactory to the service conditions were made in the end. The results show that silica aerogels powder is dispersed equably in high temperature adhesive. The new inorganic coatings possess themselves of good thermal-insulation effect and can be used as insulated space-layers. The insulation ability of fiber paper is improved obviously.
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46

Lu, Yanru, Xiaodong Li, Xijiang Yin, Handojo Djati Utomo, Neng Fu Tao, and Hai Huang. "Silica Aerogel as Super Thermal and Acoustic Insulation Materials." Journal of Environmental Protection 09, no. 04 (2018): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2018.94020.

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47

Yao, Yue Fei, Shan Li, and Ya Qin Fu. "Sound Insulation Provided by PET Fabric/PVC Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.387.

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Single layer PET Fabric/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composite materials and double layers PET fabric/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composite materials with super thin thickness, lightweight, flexible and high strength were manufactured by means of the infusion technology under normal pressure. The sound insulation performance of these novel materials was evaluated with a two-channel acoustic analyzer. The structure and mechanical properties were investigated by mechanical tests and SEM observation. The results show that for the small surface density the double layers composite has better sound insulation performance than that of the single one. But with increment of surface density, the difference between them becomes small, and for the surface density larger than 1.3kg/m2, the sound insulation performance becomes inverse on layers, i.e., the single layer composite has better sound insulation performance than that of double layers one. Therefore, difference structures of composites can be developed based on sound wave features.
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48

Bazukova, E. R., T. O. Politova, E. R. Khaziakhmetova, A. A. Medyakov, and I. Kolcunova. "Destruction of thermal insulation and effectiveness of the thermal energy transfer system." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912401030.

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The work is devoted to improving the efficiency of the system of thermal energy transportation. The results of determining the thermophysical properties, such as the coefficient of thermal conductivity, water absorption, vapor permeability, the percentage of structural changes in the fibers during heating and exposure to vibration, basalt super thin fiber and other thermal insulation materials are presented. The results of thermal imaging testing control of basalt super-thin fiber mats are presented. The effect of the degree of thermal insulation aging on the increase in the heat flow density is shown.
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Jalawi, Nada Mahdi Fawzi A. "Quality Control of Production Lightweight Ferrocement Plate Using Sustainable Materials." Key Engineering Materials 857 (August 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.857.10.

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This research is concerned with a new type of ferrocement characterized by its lower density and enhanced thermal insulation. Lightweight ferrocement plates have many advantages, low weight, low cost, thermal insulation, environmental conservation. This work contain two group experimental : first different of layer ferrocement, second different of ratio aggregate to cement. The experiments were made to determined the optimum proportion of cement and lightweight aggregate (recycle thermestone ). A low W/C ratio of 0.4 was used with super plasticizer conforming to ASTM 494 Type G. The compressive strength of the mortar mixes is 20-25 MPa. The work also involved the determination of thermal properties .Thermal conductivity value of this ferrocement plate is between (0.6-0.45)W/m.K.
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Wang, Zi Sheng, Hao Chi Tu, Jin Xiu Gao, Guo Dong Qian, Xian Ping Fan, and Zhi Yu Wang. "A Novel Building Thermal Insulation Material: Expanded Perlite Modified by Aerogel." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.507.

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Aerogel is regarded as one kind of super thermal insulation materials which could be large-scalely used as building materials. However, the aerogel’s production cost and poor mechanical property limit the its applications. In this paper, we put forward a new low cost way to produce a novel building thermal insulation material: synthesized the aerogel within the expanded perlite’s pores, and using sodium silicate as precursor without adopting supercritical fluid drying and surface modification. The thermal conductivity of expanded perlite was successfully decreased after modified by aerogel.
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