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1
Gorski, Dmitri, and Jan Hill. "Improved quality of SC magazine paper through enhanced fibre development using the ATMP process." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-01-p035-041.
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Abstract A pilot scale refining trial was conducted using the ATMP (Advanced Thermomechanical Pulp) refining concept with White spruce as raw material. Low-intensity TMP and high-intensity TMP with mechanical pretreatment of chips were compared to ATMP (Mg+P), where development of fibres was enhanced using hydrogen peroxide and magnesium hydroxide. The main goal of the trial was to evaluate the potential of using ATMP process for production of SC (supercalendered) magazine paper. SC paper is especially demanding when it comes to the paper surface structure which is strongly influenced by the development of fibre properties. Improvement in individual fibre properties such as flexibility, fibre split index and fibre surface area index achieved using ATMP process was found to translate into decreased surface roughness and air permeability of calendered laboratory sheets. Both the refining process configuration and the addition of process chemicals were found to have significant impacts though the process configuration had major role. The influence of process chemicals on surface roughness was mainly pronounced after second stage refining. The magnitude of surface roughening (fibre rising) was found to be influenced mainly by the process configuration.
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Bogatov, S. A., D. V. Kryuchkov, D. I. Pavlov, and D. V. Sychenko. "Analysis of Various Concepts for RW Class 1 Disposal in Crystalline Rocks." Radioactive Waste 12, no. 3 (2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2020-3-66-77.
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The paper considers most elaborated concepts for SNF and HLW disposal in crystalline rocks. It explores in detail an alternative concept suggesting the use of a super-container (SC) with a bentonite buffer located inside a steel body and the SC itself located in vertical wells inside a cement backfill, which is also used to seal fractures crossing the wells.
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Xie, Congzhen, Jigang Wang, Bing Luo, Xiaolin Li, and Lei Ja. "A control strategy for battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2108, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012091.
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Abstract In DC microgrid (MG), the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) of battery and supercapacitor (SC) has the important function of buffering power impact, which comes from renewable energy sources (RES) and loads. This paper proposes a HESS control strategy with DC bus voltage self-recovery function. High and low frequency power decomposition based on virtual droop control, and DC bus drop voltage is compensated by added proportional integral regulation. The relationship between DC bus voltage recovery and super-capacitor (SC) state of charge (SoC) recovery is analyzed. The system can realize stable energy storage, supply under frequent load power impact. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink.
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Dimitriadis, Georgios, Ryan J. Foley, Nikki Arendse, David A. Coulter, Wynn V. Jacobson-Galán, Matthew R. Siebert, Luca Izzo, et al. "A Carbon/Oxygen-dominated Atmosphere Days after Explosion for the “Super-Chandrasekhar” Type Ia SN 2020esm." Astrophysical Journal 927, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4780.
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Abstract Seeing pristine material from the donor star in a type Ia supernova (SN Ia) explosion can reveal the nature of the binary system. In this paper, we present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2020esm, one of the best-studied SNe of the class of “super-Chandrasekhar” SNe Ia (SC SNe Ia), with data obtained −12 to +360 days relative to peak brightness, obtained from a variety of ground- and space-based telescopes. Initially misclassified as a type II supernova, SN 2020esm peaked at M B = −19.9 mag, declined slowly (Δm 15(B) = 0.92 mag), and had particularly blue UV and optical colors at early times. Photometrically and spectroscopically, SN 2020esm evolved similarly to other SC SNe Ia, showing the usual low ejecta velocities, weak intermediate-mass elements, and the enhanced fading at late times, but its early spectra are unique. Our first few spectra (corresponding to a phase of ≳10 days before peak) reveal a nearly pure carbon/oxygen atmosphere during the first days after explosion. This composition can only be produced by pristine material, relatively unaffected by nuclear burning. The lack of H and He may further indicate that SN 2020esm is the outcome of the merger of two carbon/oxygen white dwarfs. Modeling its bolometric light curve, we find an 56Ni mass of 1.23 − 0.14 + 0.14 M ☉ and an ejecta mass of 1.75 − 0.20 + 0.32 M ☉, in excess of the Chandrasekhar mass. Finally, we discuss possible progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms of SN 2020esm and, in general, the SC SNe Ia class.
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Tang, Bin, Di Zhang, Haobin Jiang, and Yinqiu Huang. "Optimization of Energy Management Strategy for the EPS with Hybrid Power Supply Based on PSO Algorithm." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020428.
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The traditional vehicle power supply is unable to meet the power requirement of electric power steering system (EPS) in heavy-duty vehicles at low speeds. A novel EPS with hybrid power supply (HP-EPS) is constructed in this paper, and a new optimized rule-based energy management strategy of hybrid power supply system is designed. The strategy determines the power distribution of the vehicle power supply (VPS) and super capacitor (SC), as well as the charging or discharging of SC. Furthermore, to minimize the output current fluctuation of the VPS, the optimization model of parameters in the strategy is established and the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) algorithm is applied to optimize the rules in the energy management strategy. The verification for the designed energy management strategy is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and results show that the output current peak of VPS decreases by 33% and its fluctuation depresses significantly. In addition, the SC is charged timely and fast, which is beneficial to guarantee enough state of charge (SOC) of SC. In conclusion, the optimized rule-based energy management strategy used for the HP-EPS system can meet the current requirement of EPS and effectively reduce the peak and fluctuation of the VPS output current.
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Song, Y. D., Qian Cao, Xiaoqiang Du, and Hamid Reza Karimi. "Control Strategy Based on Wavelet Transform and Neural Network for Hybrid Power System." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/375840.
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This paper deals with an energy management of a hybrid power generation system. The proposed control strategy for the energy management is based on the combination of wavelet transform and neural network arithmetic. The hybrid system in this paper consists of an emulated wind turbine generator, PV panels, DC and AC loads, lithium ion battery, and super capacitor, which are all connected on a DC bus with unified DC voltage. The control strategy is responsible for compensating the difference between the generated power from the wind and solar generators and the demanded power by the loads. Wavelet transform decomposes the power difference into smoothed component and fast fluctuated component. In consideration of battery protection, the neural network is introduced to calculate the reference power of battery. Super capacitor (SC) is controlled to regulate the DC bus voltage. The model of the hybrid system is developed in detail under Matlab/Simulink software environment.
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Häkkänen, H. J., and J. E. I. Korppi-Tommola. "Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging of Paper Surfaces." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 12 (December 1993): 2122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934066307.
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Laser-induced fluorescence imaging has been used to study the microstructure of paper surfaces. Pulses from a XeCl-excimer laser, 10 ns in duration at 308 nm, were used for excitation, and fluorescence was collected at 420 nm. The excitation spot diameter was approximately 20 µm, and the sampling interval 0.15 mm. Within an area of 5*5 mm2, 1023 sampling points were recorded to generate 3D fluorescence maps of paper surfaces. Papers containing fluorescence whitening agents (FWAs) gave the highest average fluorescence signals. Coated papers with no FW As show weaker signals than the base sheet. For some thirty different paper samples, an obvious correlation between the amount of coating and the average intensity of the fluorescence signal was observed. Signal fluctuations around the average intensity values were sensitive to (1) the chemical pulp content in super calantered (SC) paper, (2) the amount of recycled fiber in newsprint, and (3) the amount of coating on the light-weight coated (LWC) paper surface. An effort was made to correlate fluorescence imaging results to predict mottling (diffusion of printing ink after printing) in various paper brands.
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Yang, Yintang, Yingbo Zhao, and Gang Dong. "A Multi-Output on-Chip Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Converter with Unequal Flying Capacitors for Different Power Modes." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 04 (March 4, 2015): 1550051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500516.
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This paper presents a multi-output on-chip switched-capacitor (SC) DC–DC converter simultaneously providing two output voltages (2VDD/3 and VDD/3, in addition to the available full VDD) that enables the use of three different power modes for optimizing system power/performance trade-offs: super-threshold (full VDD), near-threshold (2VDD/3) and sub-threshold (VDD/3). Unlike some previously proposed multi-output SC converters, the multiple conversion ratios of the proposed converter are achieved without changing the topology of the circuit, thus fewer components being needed to support multiple voltages. The paper also presents an optimization method by using unequal flying capacitors for different regions of the circuit by taking advantage of the different levels of expected power consumption in the various power modes. Above 84% and 70% efficiencies are obtained in simulation over a range of load currents from 0.4 to 5 mA, and from 0.4 to 1 mA, with conversion ratios of 2/3 and 1/3, respectively. The target application for the proposed converter is for circuits with discrete power modes and for systems that use dithering to emulate a continuous range of voltages such as the panoptic dynamic voltage scaling (PDVS).
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Xin, Jingwei, Nannan Wang, Xinrui Jiang, Jie Li, Xinbo Gao, and Zhifeng Li. "Facial Attribute Capsules for Noise Face Super Resolution." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 12476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6935.
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Existing face super-resolution (SR) methods mainly assume the input image to be noise-free. Their performance degrades drastically when applied to real-world scenarios where the input image is always contaminated by noise. In this paper, we propose a Facial Attribute Capsules Network (FACN) to deal with the problem of high-scale super-resolution of noisy face image. Capsule is a group of neurons whose activity vector models different properties of the same entity. Inspired by the concept of capsule, we propose an integrated representation model of facial information, which named Facial Attribute Capsule (FAC). In the SR processing, we first generated a group of FACs from the input LR face, and then reconstructed the HR face from this group of FACs. Aiming to effectively improve the robustness of FAC to noise, we generate FAC in semantic, probabilistic and facial attributes manners by means of integrated learning strategy. Each FAC can be divided into two sub-capsules: Semantic Capsule (SC) and Probabilistic Capsule (PC). Them describe an explicit facial attribute in detail from two aspects of semantic representation and probability distribution. The group of FACs model an image as a combination of facial attribute information in the semantic space and probabilistic space by an attribute-disentangling way. The diverse FACs could better combine the face prior information to generate the face images with fine-grained semantic attributes. Extensive benchmark experiments show that our method achieves superior hallucination results and outperforms state-of-the-art for very low resolution (LR) noise face image super resolution.
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Kumar, G. V. Brahmendra, Palanisamy Kaliannan, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Effective Management System for Solar PV Using Real-Time Data with Hybrid Energy Storage System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031108.
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This paper proposes an effective management system for stand-alone solar photovoltaic (PV) using real-time data with Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). The abrupt movement of fleeting clouds often gives rise to PV power output fluctuations which in turn affect the power quality and system stability due to scattered solar radiation reception. These variations can limit through a ramp-limit controller and employing a DC link controller to maintain the stable DC link voltage. The battery is used in the system for continuous power application and the sudden variations in charging and discharging of battery power can create stress on the battery. These sudden changes in a battery will be removed by the super-capacitor (SC) unit and achieves a fast DC link voltage regulation. Hence, the high energy and power density devices such as battery and SC units will deliver more stable power into the system. The control scheme is tested in Matlab/Simulink and validated by Real-Time Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) simulator using periodic one-minute data for one year from the solar PV power plant from real-time.
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Wu, Tiezhou, Yi Ding, and Yushan Xu. "Energy Optimal Control Strategy of PHEV Based on PMP Algorithm." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6183729.
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Under the global voice of “energy saving” and the current boom in the development of energy storage technology at home and abroad, energy optimal control of the whole hybrid electric vehicle power system, as one of the core technologies of electric vehicles, is bound to become a hot target of “clean energy” vehicle development and research. This paper considers the constraints to the performance of energy storage system in Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), from which lithium-ion battery frequently charges/discharges, PHEV largely consumes energy of fuel, and their are difficulty in energy recovery and other issues in a single cycle; the research uses lithium-ion battery combined with super-capacitor (SC), which is hybrid energy storage system (Li-SC HESS), working together with internal combustion engine (ICE) to drive PHEV. Combined with PSO-PI controller and Li-SC HESS internal power limited management approach, the research proposes the PHEV energy optimal control strategy. It is based on revised Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) algorithm, which establishes the PHEV vehicle simulation model through ADVISOR software and verifies the effectiveness and feasibility. Finally, the results show that the energy optimization control strategy can improve the instantaneity of tracking PHEV minimum fuel consumption track, implement energy saving, and prolong the life of lithium-ion batteries and thereby can improve hybrid energy storage system performance.
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Kim, Do-Hyun, Min-Soo Kim, Sarvar Hussain Nengroo, Chang-Hee Kim, and Hee-Je Kim. "LLC Resonant Converter for LEV (Light Electric Vehicle) Fast Chargers." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030362.
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This paper presents a Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) fast charger with a Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) and Super-Capacitor (SC). The LEV fast charger consists of an AC/DC rectifier and LLC (Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor) resonant Full bridge converter. The LLC resonant converter has high-efficiency and low switching loss because of Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). So, it is used widely in the industry. In general, the fast charger algorithm uses the Constant Current (CC) mode and Constant Voltage (CV). The CC mode starts at first and then the CV mode finishes. However, there is a big control value gap between the CC mode and CV mode. Therefore, when changing from CC to CV, the transient state occurs. To compensate for the transient state, we propose a new control algorithm. By means of this algorithm, we can achieve a higher level of safety and stability. The fast charger with LIB of 800 Wh and SC of 50 Wh is analyzed and verified, and we obtain a maximum efficiency of 96.4%. The discussions are validated using the LLC resonant full bridge converter prototype at the laboratory level.
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Li, Minggao, Ming Li, Guopeng Han, Nan Liu, Qiumin Zhang, and Yiou Wang. "Optimization Analysis of the Energy Management Strategy of the New Energy Hybrid 100% Low-Floor Tramcar Using a Genetic Algorithm." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071144.
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Performance and economic efficiency of the fuel cell (FC)/battery/super capacitor (SC) hybrid 100% low-floor tramcar is mainly determined by its energy management strategy. In this paper, a train traction model was built to calculate the power output and energy consumption properties of the hybrid tramcar. With the purpose of reducing hydrogen consumption, the genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the original energy management strategy. The results before and after the optimization show that the power requirement of the tramcar can be satisfied in both situations with the fuel cell (FC) module non-stopped. The maximum output power of the FC is reduced from 170 kW to 101.21 kW. As for the SC, a two-parallel connection module is used instead of the three-parallel one, and the power range changes from −125~250 kW to −67~153 kW. Under the original energy management strategy, the battery cannot be used efficiently with less exporting and absorbent power. Its utilization ratio is improved greatly after optimization. In sum, the equivalent total hydrogen consumption is reduced from 3.3469 kg to 2.8354 kg, dropping by more than 15%.
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Faria, João, José Pombo, Maria Calado, and Sílvio Mariano. "Power Management Control Strategy Based on Artificial Neural Networks for Standalone PV Applications with a Hybrid Energy Storage System." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2019): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050902.
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Standalone microgrids with photovoltaic (PV) solutions could be a promising solution for powering up off-grid communities. However, this type of application requires the use of energy storage systems (ESS) to manage the intermittency of PV production. The most commonly used ESSs are lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion), but this technology has a low lifespan, mostly caused by the imposed stress. To reduce the stress on Li-ion batteries and extend their lifespan, hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) began to emerge. Although the utilization of HESSs has demonstrated great potential to make up for the limitations of Li-ion batteries, a proper power management strategy is key to achieving the HESS objectives and ensuring a harmonized system operation. This paper proposes a novel power management strategy based on an artificial neural network for a standalone PV system with Li-ion batteries and super-capacitors (SC) HESS. A typical standalone PV system is used to demonstrate and validate the performance of the proposed power management strategy. To demonstrate its effectiveness, computational simulations with short and long duration were performed. The results show a minimization in Li-ion battery dynamic stress and peak current, leading to an increased lifespan of Li-ion batteries. Moreover, the proposed power management strategy increases the level of SC utilization in comparison with other well-established strategies in the literature.
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Bacci, Alberto, Angelo Bosotti, Simone Di Mitri, Illya Drebot, Luigi Faillace, Paolo Michelato, Laura Monaco, et al. "GeV-Class Two-Fold CW Linac Driven by an Arc-Compressor." Instruments 3, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments3040054.
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We present a study of an innovative scheme to generate high repetition rate (MHz-class) GeV electron beams by adopting a two-pass two-way acceleration in a super-conducting Linac operated in Continuous Wave (CW) mode. The beam is accelerated twice in the Linac by being re-injected, after the first pass, in opposite direction of propagation. The task of recirculating the electron beam is performed by an arc compressor composed by 14 Double Bend Achromat (DBA). In this paper, we study the main issues of the two-fold acceleration scheme, the electron beam quality parameters preservation (emittance, energy spread), together with the bunch compression performance of the arc compressor, aiming to operate an X-ray Free Electron Laser. The requested power to supply the cryogenic plant and the RF sources is also significantly reduced w.r.t a conventional one-pass SC Linac for the same final energy.
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Zhang, Chao, shaojie Xin, and Cong Xu. "Grid-connected power oscillation study of hybrid storage direct-drive wind farms based on SVG." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2338, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2338/1/012017.
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Abstract This paper studies the control strategy of hybrid energy storage to suppress power fluctuation of direct-drive wind turbine based on static var generator, and proposes a grid-connected power oscillation suppression of hybrid energy storage direct-drive wind turbine based on static var generator (SVG). Method, the static var generator is mainly to solve the reactive current generated by the large and impact load and the resulting reactive power, and the SVG connected in parallel with the fan outlet busbar performs reactive power coordinated control to support the grid voltage. This control strategy control The lead-acid battery compensates for the intermediate frequency power fluctuation and the super capacitor (SC) quickly absorbs the high frequency power fluctuation, thereby smoothing the wind power and improving the power quality. sexual demands. Finally, a system simulation model is established in the Matlab/Simulink environment to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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de Fazio, Roberto, Donato Cafagna, Giorgio Marcuccio, and Paolo Visconti. "Limitations and Characterization of Energy Storage Devices for Harvesting Applications." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040783.
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This paper aims to study the limitations and performances of the main energy storage devices commonly used in energy harvesting applications, namely super-capacitors (SC) and lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries. The self-discharge phenomenon is the main limitation to the employment of SCs to store energy for a long time, thus reducing efficiency and autonomy of the energy harvesting system. Therefore, the analysis of self-discharge trends was carried out for three different models of commercial SCs, describing the phenomenon in terms of self-discharge rate and internal resistance. In addition, physical interpretations concerning the self-discharge mechanism based on the experimental data are provided, thus explaining the two super-imposed phenomena featured by distinct time constants. Afterwards, the dependence of self-discharge phenomenon from the charging time duration (namely, SCs charged at 5 V and then kept under charge for one or five hours) was analyzed; by comparing the voltage drop during the self-discharge process, a self-discharge reduction for longer charging durations was obtained and the physical interpretation provided (at best −6.8% after 24 h and −13.4% after 120 h). Finally, self-discharge trends of two commercial 380 mAh LiPo batteries (model LW 752035) were acquired and analyzed; the obtained results show an open circuit voltage reduction of only 0.59% in the first 24 h and just 1.43% after 124 h.
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Madhu, G. N. "Grid Integration using ANFIS for Hybrid DG and Storage Units to Control and Manage Power." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 782–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38497.
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Abstract: The significant role in the DC micro grid is renewable sources like hydrogen energy, Photovoltaic (PV), and wind systems. However, the difficult task in the DC micro grid is to balance the power generation and load demand due to the continuous changes in sustainable sources. In this study, focused on the power control and stabilize the power at different dynamic conditions with power management approaches. In this paper, fuel cell (FC), lithium-ion based batteries and super capacitors (SC) are proposed with PV based DC micro grid system for improving the system performance. Furthermore, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is suggested in this system for mitigating the deviations in PV plant due to variations in temperature. The suggested system has been designed on the MATLAB environment. The simulation results reveal that the suggested approaches give better improvement in various operating conditions with ANFIS approach. Keywords: PV system, Fuel cell, supercapacitor, ANFIS, DC Microgrid.
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Basu Pal, Sudipta, Rahul Kumar, Konika Das Bhattacharya, Dipankar Mukherjee, and Debkalyan Paul. "Supercapacitor based PV measurement technique − quality assessment with poly-Si PV modules at IIEST, Kolkata." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 10 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2019007.
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Supercapacitors have been used for the first time as load to PV cell/modules for characterizing their behavior. In this paper, a novel and essentially simple design of a V–I plotter is attempted with a bank of super capacitors (SC) as the load to the PV modules of varying capacities. The distinct advantages of the SC's over the erstwhile capacitors have been comparatively experimented. Finally, an elaborate regression analysis (RA) of principal electrical parameters have yielded consistently high values exceeding 0.993 experimental evaluation of quality parameters like fill-factor (FF) and performance ratio (PR) have yielded a range of 70–79% while PR values frequently ranges from 90% to 99%. Suitability of poly-Si PV modules at the level of PV panel configurations have been ascertained through experimental estimate of series and parallel relative power loss (RPL) values. Typical values below 2% obtained for widely varying climatic level is also a quality indicator for the new metrology in question. Such a prototype I–V plotter is expected to be duly considered for commercial testing applications in PV industries.
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Yang, Wei, Cailian Zhu, Li Li, Weihua Wang, and Zheng Yang. "Pitaya peel derived carbons with ultra-high specific surface area for solid-state flexible asymmetric supercapacitors." Functional Materials Letters 14, no. 05 (June 7, 2021): 2150022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604721500223.
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In this paper, a well-designed process to fabricate bio-mass carbon with ultra-high specific surface area (UHSSA) and hierarchical porous (HP) structure is achieved. The process pre-treating with ethanol and KOH cooperatively is first introduced to optimize the microstructure and porosity. The as-prepared carbons present an UHSSA of ca. 3521 m2 [Formula: see text] g[Formula: see text], with large amounts of micro and mesopores. The assembled asymmetric flexible super-capacitor (SC) holds very high energy density of 49.9 Wh [Formula: see text] kg[Formula: see text] at 90 W [Formula: see text] kg[Formula: see text], and 10.3 Wh [Formula: see text] kg[Formula: see text] at the higher power density of 9 kW [Formula: see text] kg[Formula: see text], demonstrating that the device possesses long cyclic life and well stability. The exciting results reveal that our study provides an effective approach to biomass recycling by pre-treatment of ethanol and KOH producing HP carbons possessing ultra-high SSA for high-energy storage applications.
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He, Shaoyong, and Jiecheng Chen. "Calderón–Zygmund operators on multiparameter Lipschitz spaces of homogeneous type." Forum Mathematicum 34, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2021-0204.
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the boundedness of general product singular integral operators introduced by Han, Li and Lin [Y. Han, J. Li and C.-C. Lin, Criterion of the L 2 L^{2} boundedness and sharp endpoint estimates for singular integral operators on product spaces of homogeneous type, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (5) 16 2016, 3, 845–907] on the multiparameter Lipschitz spaces of homogeneous type M ~ = M 1 × ⋯ × M n {\tilde{M}=M_{1}\times\cdots\times M_{n}} . Each factor space M i {M_{i}} , 1 ≤ i ≤ n {1\leq i\leq n} , is a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss. These operators generalize those studied by Journé on the Euclidean space and include operators studied by Nagel and Stein on Carnot–Carathéodory spaces. The main tool used here is the discrete Littlewood–Paley–Stein theory and almost orthogonality together with a density argument for the product Lipschitz spaces in the weak sense.
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Wang, Hanxiang, Yanfen Li, L. Minh Dang, and Hyeonjoon Moon. "Robust Korean License Plate Recognition Based on Deep Neural Networks." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 4140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124140.
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With the rapid rise of private vehicles around the world, License Plate Recognition (LPR) plays a vital role in supporting the government to manage vehicles effectively. However, an introduction of new types of license plate (LP) or slight changes in the LP format can break previous LPR systems, as they fail to recognize the LP. Moreover, the LPR system is extremely sensitive to the conditions of the surrounding environment. Thus, this paper introduces a novel deep learning-based Korean LPR system that can effectively deal with existing challenges. The main contributions of this study include (1) a robust LPR system with the integration of three pre-processing techniques (defogging, low-light enhancement, and super-resolution) that can effectively recognize the LP under various conditions, (2) the establishment of two original Korean LPR approaches for different scenarios, including whole license plate recognition (W-LPR) and single-character license plate recognition (SC-LPR), and (3) the introduction of two Korean LPR datasets (synthetic data and real data) involving a new type of LP introduced by the Korean government. Through several experiments, the proposed LPR framework achieved the highest recognition accuracy of 98.94%.
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Flynn, Joshua, Nguyen Lam, and Guozhen Lu. "Sharp Hardy Identities and Inequalities on Carnot Groups." Advanced Nonlinear Studies 21, no. 2 (March 12, 2021): 281–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ans-2021-2123.
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Abstract In this paper we establish general weighted Hardy identities for several subelliptic settings including Hardy identities on the Heisenberg group, Carnot groups with respect to a homogeneous gauge and Carnot–Carathéodory metric, general nilpotent groups, and certain families of Hörmander vector fields. We also introduce new weighted uncertainty principles in these settings. This is done by continuing the program initiated by [N. Lam, G. Lu and L. Zhang, Factorizations and Hardy’s-type identities and inequalities on upper half spaces, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 58 2019, 6, Paper No. 183; N. Lam, G. Lu and L. Zhang, Geometric Hardy’s inequalities with general distance functions, J. Funct. Anal. 279 2020, 8, Article ID 108673] of using the Bessel pairs introduced by [N. Ghoussoub and A. Moradifam, Functional Inequalities: New Perspectives and New Applications, Math. Surveys Monogr. 187, American Mathematical Society, Providence, 2013] to obtain Hardy identities. Using these identities, we are able to improve significantly existing Hardy inequalities in the literature in the aforementioned subelliptic settings. In particular, we establish the Hardy identities and inequalities in the spirit of [H. Brezis and J. L. Vázquez, Blow-up solutions of some nonlinear elliptic problems, Rev. Mat. Univ. Complut. Madrid 10 1997, 443–469] and [H. Brezis and M. Marcus, Hardy’s inequalities revisited. Dedicated to Ennio De Giorgi, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4) 25 1997, 1–2, 217–237] in these settings.
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Pan, Chaofeng, Yanyan Liang, Long Chen, and Liao Chen. "Optimal Control for Hybrid Energy Storage Electric Vehicle to Achieve Energy Saving Using Dynamic Programming Approach." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040588.
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In this paper, the efficiency characteristics of battery, super capacitor (SC), direct current (DC)-DC converter and electric motor in a hybrid power system of an electric vehicle (EV) are analyzed. In addition, the optimal efficiency model of the hybrid power system is proposed based on the hybrid power system component’s models. A rule-based strategy is then proposed based on the projection partition of composite power system efficiency, so it has strong adaptive adjustment ability. Additionally. the simulation results under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) condition show that the efficiency of rule-based strategy is higher than that of single power system. Furthermore, in order to explore the maximum energy-saving potential of hybrid power electric vehicles, a dynamic programming (DP) optimization method is proposed on the basis of the establishment of the whole hybrid power system, which takes into account various energy consumption factors of the whole system. Compared to the battery-only EV based on simulation results, the hybrid power system controlled by rule-based strategy can decrease energy consumption by 13.4% in line with the NEDC condition, while the power-split strategy derived from the DP approach can reduce energy consumption by 17.6%. The results show that compared with rule-based strategy, the optimized DP strategy has higher system efficiency and lower energy consumption.
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Wang, Meiya, and Hanqiu Xu. "The impact of building height on urban thermal environment in summer: A case study of Chinese megacities." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0247786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247786.
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The quantitative relationship between the spatial variation of building’s height and the associated land surface temperature (LST) change in six Chinese megacities is investigated in this paper. The six cities involved are Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Based on both remote sensing and building footprint data, we retrieved the LST using a single-channel (SC) algorithm and evaluate the heating/cooling effect caused by building-height difference via correlation analysis. The results show that the spatial distribution of high-rise buildings is mainly concentrated in the center business districts, riverside zones, and newly built-up areas of the six megacities. In the urban area, the number and the floor-area ratio of high to super high-rise buildings (>24m) account for over 5% and 4.74%, respectively. Being highly urbanized cities, most of urban areas in the six megacities are associated with high LST. Ninety-nine percent of the city areas of Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Tianjin are covered by the LST in the range of 30.2~67.8°C, 34.8~50.4°C, 25.3~48.3°C, 29.9~47.2°C, 27.4~43.4°C, and 33.0~48.0°C, respectively. Building’s height and LST have a negative logarithmic correlation with the correlation coefficients ranging from -0.701 to -0.853. In the building’s height within range of 0~66m, the LST will decrease significantly with the increase of building’s height. This indicates that the increase of building’s height will bring a significant cooling effect in this height range. When the building’s height exceeds 66m, its effect on LST will be greatly weakened. This is due to the influence of building shadows, local wind disturbances, and the layout of buildings.
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"Parameter Identification of Super Capacitor using Recursive Least Square Technique." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 7 (May 10, 2020): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.g5233.059720.
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Super capacitor is an electrical invention which store electrical energy in the form of charge and discharge it very fast, unlike the batteries. Any device require almost ideal parameters for proper functioning. This paper emphasises on the parameter detection of SC two arm design using recursive least square technique which adaptively reduces the error. In this paper, we assumes the parameter values to obtain input values of our technique then by using signal processing system, results are obtained. Results are also compared with the actual parameter values graphically. Ideal devices have minimum losses and so the maximum efficiency is obtained.
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Enobakhare, Golden, Hope I. Obakhena, Samuel Ogunbor, and Michael S. Okundamiya. "Battery Cells and a Super-capacitor Bank Storage System: Design Trend and Strategies for Renewable Power Applications." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, May 28, 2022, 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2022/v22i817552.
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The variability of critical load demands has led to an increasing push for a clean, sufficient and reliable power supply. Employing innovative techniques to address this need, is a feat yet to be met by several developing nations. Inverter systems based on battery storage provide the extra energy supply to these loads, due to the unavailability of the general power supply. Nevertheless, discharging/charging values of energy demands at peak levels notably affect the performance of batteries. Interestingly, an integrated energy system incorporating power and energy densities of high value can be supplied by combining batteries and other storage devices, in this context super-capacitors (SC). In light of the above, this paper presents the hybrid combination of battery cells and a super-capacitor bank storage system, highlighting its design as well as performance assessment aimed at improving the battery’s life span and its performance while on-load. A novel automatic switching system (ASS) is incorporated to establish a parallel connection between the battery and SC. The ASS detects energy signals from either source of power considered and engages the battery/super-capacitor hybrid system, either to charge or serve as a source of energy to the load. The results show that a significant initial value of transient current is supplied by the super-capacitor. The current draw at peak level is drastically reduced on the battery. This also results in economical savings in cost and increased reliability, which has been necessitated in the backup energy market.
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Ghosh, Anish, and Alan Haynes. "Projective metric number theory." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2016, no. 712 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2013-0088.
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AbstractIn this paper we consider the probabilistic theory of Diophantine approximation in projective space over a completion of ℚ. Using the projective metric studied in [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4) 23 (1996), no. 2, 211–248] we prove the analogue of Khintchine's theorem in projective space. For finite places and in higher dimension, we are able to completely remove the condition of monotonicity and establish the analogue of the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture.
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"An Efficient Energy Management Scheme for a Hybrid FC-SC-Battery Electric Vehicle using Model Predictive Control and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 4368–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d8316.118419.
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This paper presents a new Design for an efficient Energy Management System (EMS) for a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) which is supplied by Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor/Battery sources to attain maximum energy savings and minimize the amount of the fossil fuel utilized by the transportation sector. Model Predictive Control (MPC) combined with MultiObjective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) control strategy was proposed to manage the battery and the SC State of Charge (SOC) and decide the optimal power distribution between the Fuel Cell (FC), the Battery and the Super Capacitor (SC). The main target of the proposed EMS calculation technique is to achieve maximum energy efficiency, minimum battery current variation, minimum variation of the state of charge of the SC and minimum cumulative hydrogen consumption during the driving cycle. The proposed MOPSO based EMS methodology has been checked by the High Speed (US06) Driving Cycle utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink. Five diverse driving patterns are utilized to assess the speculation capacity of the developed technique. Simulation results and the realtime experiment demonstrate that the proposed MOPSO-Model Predictive Control based EMS technique can accomplish better energy effectiveness compared with Fuzzy Logic Rule-based EMS and GA-based EMS.
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Villegas, Salvador. "Sharp Liouville Theorems." Advanced Nonlinear Studies, November 7, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ans-2020-2111.
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AbstractConsider the equation {\operatorname{div}(\varphi^{2}\nabla\sigma)=0} in {\mathbb{R}^{N}}, where {\varphi>0}. Berestycki, Caffarelli and Nirenberg proved in [H. Berestycki, L. Caffarelli and L. Nirenberg, Further qualitative properties for elliptic equations in unbounded domains, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4) 25 1997, 69–94] that if there exists {C>0} such that \int_{B_{R}}(\varphi\sigma)^{2}\leq CR^{2} for every {R\geq 1}, then σ is necessarily constant. In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions on {0<\Psi\in C([1,\infty))} for which this result remains true if we replace {CR^{2}} by {\Psi(R)} in any dimension N. In the case of the convexity of Ψ for large {R>1} and {\Psi^{\prime}>0}, this condition is equivalent to \int_{1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{\Psi^{\prime}}=\infty.
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"Adaptive Grid Controller - Cost Reduction and Dispatch with Emphasis on Renewable Energy Sources." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (October 10, 2019): 3653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l3816.1081219.
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The combination of energy storage systems (ESS) and renewable energy source (RES) in hybrid grid provide benefits towards the system operation and as well as for end users. The main problem with RES is irregularity and ESS should be cost effective in order to provide economically operation of hybrid grid system. In this paper, we proposed the adaptive grid controller based upon the Super capacitor (SC) and battery at ESS in order to optimize the operation of grid system. An adaptive controller module includes hybrid ESS and consist of two modules, the Corse grain controller module is used to schedule the power dispatch in order to decrease the operational cost, while fine grain controller module is used to overcome the power fluctuation by RESs and to predict the uncertainties during real time power demand. The major aim is to minimize the energy loss through minimizing the average long period cost of hybrid ESS. The two-controller module optimizes the energy resources and power sources in a fixed interval of time, so the grid performs economically with several operational limits.
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Acharya, A., H. Adhikary, K. K. Allison, E. V. Andronov, T. Antićić, V. Babkin, M. Baszczyk, et al. "Spectra and mean multiplicities of $$\pi ^{-}$$ in central $${}^{40}$$Ar+$${}^{45}$$Sc collisions at 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150$$A\,\text{ Ge }\text{ V }\!/\!\textit{c}$$ beam momenta measured by the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS." European Physical Journal C 81, no. 5 (May 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09135-3.
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AbstractThe physics goal of the strong interaction program of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is to study the phase diagram of hadronic matter by a scan of particle production in collisions of nuclei with various sizes at a set of energies covering the SPS energy range. This paper presents differential inclusive spectra of transverse momentum, transverse mass and rapidity of $$\pi ^{-}$$ π - mesons produced in central$${}^{40}$$ 40 Ar+$${}^{45}$$ 45 Sc collisions at beam momenta of 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150$$A\,\text{ Ge }\text{ V }\!/\!\textit{c}$$ A Ge V / c . Energy and system size dependence of parameters of these distributions – mean transverse mass, the inverse slope parameter of transverse mass spectra, width of the rapidity distribution and mean multiplicity – are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the dependence of the ratio of the mean number of produced pions to the mean number of wounded nucleons on the collision energy was derived. The results are compared to predictions of several models.
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ROBLES, NICOLAS, and ARINDAM ROY. "UNEXPECTED AVERAGE VALUES OF GENERALIZED VON MANGOLDT FUNCTIONS IN RESIDUE CLASSES." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society, July 17, 2020, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788719000715.
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In order to study integers with few prime factors, the average of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{k}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}\ast \log ^{k}$ has been a central object of research. One of the more important cases, $k=2$ , was considered by Selberg [‘An elementary proof of the prime-number theorem’, Ann. of Math. (2)50 (1949), 305–313]. For $k\geq 2$ , it was studied by Bombieri [‘The asymptotic sieve’, Rend. Accad. Naz. XL (5)1(2) (1975/76), 243–269; (1977)] and later by Friedlander and Iwaniec [‘On Bombieri’s asymptotic sieve’, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4)5(4) (1978), 719–756], as an application of the asymptotic sieve. Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{j,k}:=\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{j}\ast \log ^{k}$ , where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{j}$ denotes the Liouville function for $(j+1)$ -free integers, and $0$ otherwise. In this paper we evaluate the average value of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{j,k}$ in a residue class $n\equiv a\text{ mod }q$ , $(a,q)=1$ , uniformly on $q$ . When $j\geq 2$ , we find that the average value in a residue class differs by a constant factor from the expected value. Moreover, an explicit formula of Weil type for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{k}(n)$ involving the zeros of the Riemann zeta function is derived for an arbitrary compactly supported ${\mathcal{C}}^{2}$ function.
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Fang, Yu, and Mengjie Zhang. "Improved Trudinger–Moser inequality involving Lp-norm on a closed Riemann surface with isometric group actions." International Journal of Mathematics, April 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x22500380.
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In this paper, using the method of blow-up analysis, the authors obtain an improved Trudinger–Moser inequality involving [Formula: see text]-norm ([Formula: see text]) and prove the existence of its extremal function on a closed Riemann surface [Formula: see text] with the action of a finite isometric group [Formula: see text]. To be exact, let [Formula: see text] be the usual Sobolev space, a function space [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] stands for the number of all distinct points in the set [Formula: see text]. Define [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the standard [Formula: see text]-norm on [Formula: see text]. Using blow-up analysis, we prove that if [Formula: see text], the supremum [Formula: see text] and this supremum can be attained; if [Formula: see text], the above supremum is infinite. This kind of inequality will play an important role in the study of prescribing Gaussian curvature problem and mean field equations. In particular, their result generalizes those of Chen [A Trudinger inequality on surfaces with conical singularities, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 108 (1990) 821–832], Yang [Extremal functions for Trudinger–Moser inequalities of Adimurthi–Druet type in dimension two, J. Differential Equations 258 (2015) 3161–3193] and Fang–Yang [Trudinger–Moser inequalities on a closed Riemannian surface with the action of a finite isometric group, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. 20 (2020) 1295–1324].