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Journal articles on the topic 'SUPER ABSORBENT HYDROGEL'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

MASUDA, Fusayoshi. "Some Charactors of Hydrogel from Super Absorbent Polymer." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 59, no. 4 (1986): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.59.221.

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2

Asinas, Jane Aezel T., Juanito V. Bajar III, Jhon Rhandy Cabanes, Roy Joseph Domino, Gerardo A. D. Abestilla, and Crispin S. Lictaoa. "UTILIZATION OF SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMERS (SAP) IN EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF ASWATER RETENTION IN URBAN AREA." Journal of BIMP-EAGA Regional Development 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jbimpeagard.v5i2.3272.

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A green roof is formed by waterproof substrate covered with vegetation. It is capable of absorbing water and adding hydrogels may increase its water absorption. The objective of this study is to utilize hydrogel in extensive green roof as an aid in water retention in urban areas. There are four green roof models: Panel 1 has 0% of hydrogels, Panel 2 has 0.40% of hydrogels, Panel 3 has 0.50% of hydrogels and Panel 4 has 0.60% of hydrogels. Each green roof model undergo series of test through the rain simulator with rain gauge at the center of the panel to determine the rainfall intensity. Other than the percentage of hydrogel;; rainfall intensity, duration of rain event and moisture content of the substrate before testing are the factors that affect the water retention in the green roof. This study shows that the green roof with hydrogel has greater water retention than the green roof without hydrogel. It is determined that the hydrogels can absorb approximately 330 times more than its own weight in a day and 37.048 seconds shows the most probable value of water run--off that may occur in the rain event based from the data collected in this study. It was concluded that the maximum value of water that the soil can absorb is entirely dependent on the time the water system was used. The result of the data analysis shows that each of the independent variable has a positive correlation to the dependent variable which is the volume of the water retained in the substrate.

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3

Jiang, Hai Ling. "Network Structure and Water Absorption of Soil Moisture Gel by Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 63 (March 30, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-r8o1xc.

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With the wide application of hydrogel materials in agriculture, forestry, flexible electronics, electronic information engineering, environmental detection, flexible electronics, information science, technology and so on, the development of various new functional hydrogel materials has gradually become one of the research hotspots. At present, the research on hydrogel materials is mainly focused on the preparation of various functional hydrogels by experimental methods, there is no fundamental understanding of the relationship between the “stimulus-response” and its inner microstructures. In this paper, the author uses the molecular dynamics simulation method to study the evolution of the hydrogel’s microscopic network structure, the relationship between microstructure and water absorption of hydrogels in the processes of water swelling and “stimulus-response”. The next generation of new super absorbent, high toughness, high strength and other functional hydrogels could be synthesized by the guide of this study, and these new hydrogels have a promising future to apply in new fields of technology such as flexible electronics, and biological medicine.

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4

Lu, Xinkun, Ching Ying Chan, Ka I. Lee, Pui Fai Ng, Bin Fei, John H. Xin, and Jun Fu. "Super-tough and thermo-healable hydrogel – promising for shape-memory absorbent fiber." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 43 (2014): 7631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb01289e.

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5

S., Iswariya, Bhanukeerthi A. V., Poornima Velswamy, Uma T. S., and Paramasivan Thirumalai Perumal. "Design and development of a piscine collagen blended pullulan hydrogel for skin tissue engineering." RSC Advances 6, no. 63 (2016): 57863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra03578g.

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6

Sahmat, Siti Sahmsiah, Mohd Y. Rafii, Yusuff Oladosu, Mashitah Jusoh, Mansor Hakiman, and Hasmah Mohidin. "A Systematic Review of the Potential of a Dynamic Hydrogel as a Substrate for Sustainable Agriculture." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111026.

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Adopting environmentally friendly or green technology and incorporating new alternative substrates for a sustainable agricultural industry has garnered the attention of numerous researchers. Although super absorbent hydrogels have exhibited great potential, natural hydrogel-based absorbents have gained more interest due to their environmentally safe properties. The sources for the novel green polymer are easily obtained from agricultural wastes, such as polysaccharides, agarose, chitosan, and mucilage, with zero to minimal cost. The polymer also offers several attributes, including water usage and cost efficiencies, versatile application, and increasing plant growth. Furthermore, the polymer can act as a carrier agent and aid in improving the properties of planting mediums. The present review focuses on natural and chemical hydrogel-based polymers. It discusses their potential application in sustainable agriculture and the conservation of ecosystems by providing balanced protection for seeds, plants, and soil. Future perspectives based on previous investigations are also presented.

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7

Wu, Linjun, Siqi Huang, Jia Zheng, Zhongjie Qiu, Xuliang Lin, and Yanlin Qin. "Synthesis and characterization of biomass lignin-based PVA super-absorbent hydrogel." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 140 (November 2019): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.142.

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8

Li, Liang, Jixiang Guo, and Chuanhong Kang. "LCST-UCST Transition Property of a Novel Retarding Swelling and Thermosensitive Particle Gel." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 2761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072761.

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Super absorbent resin particles used as profile control and water plugging agent remains a deficiency that the particles swells with high speed when absorbing water, resulting in low strength and limited depth of migration. To address this issue, we proposed a thermosensitive particle gel possessing the upper critical solution temperature (UCST), which was synthesized from hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVA) with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linker. The structure of the hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thermosensitive-transparency measurement and swelling experiment show that the hydrophobic-modified PVA solutions and corresponding hydrogels exhibited thermosensitive phase transition behaviors with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and UCST. The results indicated that the temperature-induced phase transition behavior of CHPVA hydrogels leads to their retarding swelling property and great potential as an efficient water plugging agent with excellent temperature and salt resistance.

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9

Lazaridou, Maria, Stavroula Nanaki, Alexandra Zamboulis, Chrysanthi Papoulia, Konstantinos Chrissafis, Panagiotis A. Klonos, Apostolos Kyritsis, Souzan Vergkizi-Nikolakaki, Margaritis Kostoglou, and Dimitrios N. Bikiaris. "Super absorbent chitosan-based hydrogel sponges as carriers for caspofungin antifungal drug." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 606 (September 2021): 120925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120925.

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10

Lv, Qingyun, Min Wu, and Yong Shen. "Enhanced swelling ratio and water retention capacity for novel super-absorbent hydrogel." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 583 (December 2019): 123972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123972.

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11

Shin, Bo Mi, Ji-Heung Kim, and Dong June Chung. "Synthesis of pH-responsive and adhesive super-absorbent hydrogel through bulk polymerization." Macromolecular Research 21, no. 5 (February 23, 2013): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-013-1051-4.

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12

Wang, Hongbo, Yuanhao Wu, Chunyan Cui, Jianhai Yang, and Wenguang Liu. "Antifouling Super Water Absorbent Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogel as an Artificial Vitreous Body." Advanced Science 5, no. 11 (September 25, 2018): 1800711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201800711.

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13

Hotta, Maya, James Kennedy, Clement Higginbotham, and Noreen Morris. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel ι-Carrageenan Hydrogel Blends for Agricultural Seed Coating Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 679 (October 2014): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.679.81.

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Radical science and innovation in farming is vital to produce the food that the world will need by 2050. To feed an estimated world population of nine billion people in 2050, 70 % to 100 % increase in food production will be required if it continues rising at the current rate. The aim of this project is to develop novel revolutionary super absorbent hydrogel coatings for agricultural use. Hydrogel seed coatings improve the rate of seed germination and emergence and enhance seed survival during critical development periods, especially under less than optimal conditions. Preliminary work withι-carrageenan hydrogel showed a promising results including higher seed germination rates, faster plant emergence, lower water requirement, enhanced root development and potential carrier of nutrients. Two hydrogel blends – agar/ι-carrageenan and xanthan/κ-carrageenan/ι-carrageenan – were synthesised and characterised in this project as potential seed coating materials based on their biodegradable, non-toxic sugar based natural polymers and their excellent water absorbing/holding capability. The newly formulated hydrogels were characterised by swelling studies, rheological measurements and infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the addition of xanthan/κ-carrageenan intoι-carrageenan hydrogel improved the water absorbing capacity from 117.90 % to 139.05 %, the life-span of the hydrogel from 6 hr to 24 hr in excess water and the gel strength from 108.4 Pa to 267.98 Pa. The addition of agar intoι-carrageenan showed an increase in gel strength and a greater improvement in water holding capacity giving 67.33 % water content whileι-carrageenan on its own had only 39.64 % after 72 hr of incubation at 30 °C, which showed higher potential to be used in drought conditions. The ATR-FTIR results proved that the hydrogels were physically cross-linked. A further evaluation such as the germination profile test is required to test the effectiveness of the hydrogel coatings on seeds. It is anticipated that this work will be extended to coating different seed varieties in the future with these newly developed hydrogels.

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14

Wang, Hao, Baiyun Zhao, and Li Wang. "Adsorption/desorption performance of Pb2+ and Cd2+ with super adsorption capacity of PASP/CMS hydrogel." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.205.

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Abstract Super-absorbent polyaspartic acid/carboxymethyl Salix psammophila powder (PASP/CMS) hydrogel was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization. PASP/CMS hydrogel was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that PASP/CMS hydrogel is prepared by graft copolymerization of the -COOH of polyaspartic acid (PASP) and the -CH2OH of CMS. The surface of the hydrogel became dense from loose porosity, and Pb2+ and Cd2+ were adsorbed onto the surface of hydrogel. The crystallinity of CMS was destroyed by the addition of PASP. The initial concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+, pH, adsorption time and adsorption temperature on the adsorption effect were studied through experiments. Results showed that hydrogel has a good removal effect on Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models are represented in the process, which are spontaneous, exothermic and decreased in randomness, and it is a single layer chemical adsorption. At the same time, the effect of desorption experimental parameters (HNO3 initial concentration, desorption time, and desorption temperature) on the experiment was studied and optimized.

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15

Pash, E., D. Bialonczyk, M. Madaghiele, C. Demitri, J. Goldman, and A. Sannino. "Unique Physical Properties of an Oral Super Absorbent Hydrogel compared to Common Fiber Supplements." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 121, no. 10 (October 2021): A129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.08.038.

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16

Soleimani, Fatemeh, Mohammad Sadeghi, Hadis Shasevari, Arezoo Soleimani, and Hossein Sadeghi. "A Novel pH-Responsive Super Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Collagen for Ephedrine Controlled Release." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 2 (2013): 1029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.13394a.

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17

Adjuik, Toby A., Sue E. Nokes, Michael Montross, Ole Wendroth, and Riley Walton. "Alkali Lignin-Based Hydrogel: Synthesis, Characterization, and Impact on Soil Water Retention From Near Saturation to Dryness." Journal of the ASABE 66, no. 1 (2023): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15207.

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Highlights A lignin-based hydrogel was synthesized and shown to possess a swelling ratio of 2013%. The hydrogel contained important hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and macropores for water retention. The hydrogel improved soil water retention in silt loam soil at high matric potentials and in the dry soil range. Increasing hydrogel concentration increased water retention in a loamy fine sand soil at high and low matric potentials. Abstract. Superabsorbent polymers (hydrogels) have been proposed as soil amendments to increase the amount of plant-available water in the soil. Synthetic hydrogels have been widely investigated for use in agriculture. Due to increasing environmental concerns related to synthetic hydrogels, naturally sourced hydrogels are of interest because of their potential for increased biodegradability and biocompatibility. A lignin-based hydrogel was synthesized for this study, and its swelling properties and water absorption capacity were determined. The hydrogel was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and gas pycnometry. A hanging water column, pressure plate apparatus, and dew point potentiometer were used to measure the soil water retention curve from saturation to oven-dryness for silt loam and loamy fine sand soils after amendment with the lignin-based hydrogel. Results showed a maximum swelling ratio in deionized water of 2013% of the hydrogel’s original mass, 1092% in tap water, and 825% in a 0.9% NaCl solution. The FTIR spectra of the hydrogel showed the presence of O-H bonds from the lignin structure, which renders the hydrogel reactive to a crosslinker and forms insoluble bonds, thereby allowing the hydrogel to swell when exposed to water. SEM images of the lignin hydrogels indicate large macropores, which allowed for water absorption. Applying hydrogels significantly increased the soil's water-holding capacity at 0.3% (w/w) treatment. Hydrogel treatment significantly increased water retention at saturation or near saturation by 0.12 cm3 cm-3 and at field capacity by 0.08 cm3 cm-3 for silt loam soil at 1% (w/w) treatment compared to the control treatment with no added lignin hydrogel. Hydrogel application increased water retention over the range of the soil water retention curve from -3 to -15,000 cm for the loamy fine sand soil at 1% (w/w) treatment. However, the application of lignin-based hydrogel did not affect plant available water capacity (PAWC) in either soil tested. These results serve as preliminary evidence upon which further lignin-based hydrogel amendment studies could be built by testing higher concentrations of hydrogel in the soil. Keywords: Lignin, Soil water retention curve, Super absorbent polymers, Swelling capacity, Water retention.

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18

Ghobashy, Mohamed Mohamady, Basem Kh El-Damhougy, Norhan Nady, H. Abd El-Wahab, A. M. Naser, and Farag Abdelhai. "Radiation Crosslinking of Modifying Super Absorbent (Polyacrylamide/Gelatin) Hydrogel as Fertilizers Carrier and Soil Conditioner." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 26, no. 9 (July 14, 2018): 3981–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1273-9.

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19

Huang, Siqi, Linjun Wu, Tianzhang Li, Danyuan Xu, Xuliang Lin, and Chuande Wu. "Facile preparation of biomass lignin-based hydroxyethyl cellulose super-absorbent hydrogel for dye pollutant removal." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 137 (September 2019): 939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.234.

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20

Elhady, Mohamed A., Issa M. Mousaa, and Rehab M. Attia. "Preparation of a novel superabsorbent hydrogel based on polyacrylic acid/shellac using gamma irradiation for adsorption removal of malachite green dye." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221074435.

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The objective of this study is to prepare a super absorbent hydrogel based on polyacrylic acid and an environmentally friendly material such as shellac to remove malachite green dye from aqueous solution using gamma radiation. The adsorption of malachite green (MG) dyes using polyacrylic acid (PAA)/shellac (SH) hydrogels was studied. These hydrogels were prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of PAA and SH at differing molecular ratios (10%, 20%, and 30% SH content in the final reaction mixture) and varying doses of gamma radiation (10–50 kGy). The water absorption by the PAA/SH hydrogels prepared at a 30-kGy radiation dose increased with an increase in the SH content. The removal of the MG dyes from an aqueous solution using PAA and PAA/SH hydrogels was investigated at different values for selected parameters, such as pH, contact time, SH concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The highest MG adsorption percentage (95.5%) was obtained for the PAA/SH hydrogel with the highest SH content (30%). As the adsorbent dosage increased, the dye adsorption capacity increased, accordingly. The combination of SH and gamma radiation caused the PAA to undergo structural changes verified by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the morphology of the PAA/SH hydrogel and revealed that the SH belonging to the PAA matrixes exhibited a homogeneous dispersion. The thermal stability of the hydrogels was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The amount of dye adsorbed by the PAA/SH hydrogel was calculated by subtraction based on the ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy determination of the concentration of leftover dye in solution using a UV–VIS spectrophotometer.

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21

Puspita, Indah, Mersi Kurniati, and Christina Winarti. "Pengaruh Iradiasi Gamma dan Asam Akrilat terhadap Sifat Mekanik Polimer Super Water Absorbent (SWA) Berbasis Onggok." Jurnal Riset Fisika Indonesia 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jrfi.v3i2.4163.

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The Super Water Absorbent (SWA) polymer is a type of polymer that has exceptional water absorption capabilities while remaining insoluble in water. In this study, the authors conducted research on the modification of SWA by including acrylic acid and acrylamide monomers, followed by a crosslinking process utilising gamma irradiation. This study investigated the impact of acrylic acid and gamma irradiation on the mechanical characteristics of SWA. The experimental findings demonstrated a notable enhancement in the mechanical properties of the hydrogel by the incorporation of acrylic acid. This was evidenced by a substantial rise in the hardness value, which rose from 11.09 mJ to 36.13 mJ.

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22

Das, Ranjana, Himadri Sekhar Samanta, and Chiranjib Bhattacharjee. "Hydrogel: Polymeric Smart Material in Drug Delivery." Materials Science Forum 875 (October 2016): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.875.45.

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A ‘biomaterial’, recognizes some materials for biomedical applications like replacement of living system and wound stressing. ‘Biomaterials’ includes different compounds from diverse origins, like polymers, metals, ceramics and composites. Along with conventional natural polymers (polysaccharides, proteins), synthetic and biodegradable polymers like Polyvinyl alcohol, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polyetheleneglycol, Polylactic acid, Polyhydroxy acid are promisingly used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, biomedical sensing, skin grafting and medical adhesives. ‘Hydrogel’ a new generation biodegradable polymer typically used for pharmaceutical and medical purposes. Hydrogels are coined as super absorbent with significant function in health care, especially in wound treatment and protection. Unique characteristics features like enhanced hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, zero-toxicity and biodegradability along with soft and rubbery consistency, low interfacial tension and ‘self-healing’ properties make them compatible with living tissues. Hydrogels have been widely investigated as the carrier for drug delivery systems owing to their unusual characteristics like swelling in aqueous medium, pH and temperature sensitivity, or sensitivity towards other stimuli. Hydrogels being biocompatible materials have been recognized to function as drug protectors, especially for peptides and proteins, from in-vivo environment. In present context, development of ‘in situ’ forming systems for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue repair are emerging. Among several typical hydrogel synthesis approaches like, solvent exchange, UV-irradiation, ionic cross-linkage, pH change, and temperature modulation, the ‘thermosensitive’ approach is advantageous since it does not require use of any organic solvents, co-polymerization agents and externally applied trigger for gelation. This review presents an overview to the advances in hydrogel based drug delivery system with some reconstructive features in the biomedical applications.

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23

Wei, Meng, Yu Feng Sui, Yu Hua Zhao, Quan Liang Chen, Bo Gao, and Ting Xi Li. "Effects of the Water Absorbability of Superabsorbent Prepared by Graft Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Milk Proteins." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.377.

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Super Absorbent Polymer is a new type of functional polymer material developing at a high speed since the late 70’s. It can absorb water quickly . After absorbing water it becomes a kind of achromatic hydromel, and the absorbed should be: water is hard to remove even under pressure. As a result, it is usually referred as high-absorbent polymer, super absorbent polymer retention or super absorbent polymer unnecessary . This study is concerned methods of preparation and application areas of water absorbency, the influence of the initiating agent and cross-linking agent amount on the water absorbency. When the initiating agent, cross-linking agent ratio were respectively 0. 4% and 0. 2%, the water absorbency was highest. The reversibility of PH is also discussed, as well as the best methods of preparing high-water-absorbent resin cut this.

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24

Jabrail, Fawzi Habeeb, Maysam Salih Mutlaq, and Roua’a Kassim Al-Ojar. "Studies on Agrochemical Controlled Release Behavior of Copolymer Hydrogel with PVA Blends of Natural Polymers and Their Water-Retention Capabilities in Agricultural Soil." Polymers 15, no. 17 (August 25, 2023): 3545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173545.

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Agricultural technical development relies exclusively on the effective delivery of agrochemicals and water to plants and on reducing the harmful effects of agrochemicals on useful organisms in the soil. In this study, super-absorbent hydrogels were prepared in the form of microspheres using gum Arabic (GA), which was copolymerized once with chitosan (CS) and once with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). To impart mechanical strength to the hydrogel microspheres, a covalent cross-linker (N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA)) was used for the PVA/GA hydrogel, and an ionic cross-linker (sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP)) was used for the CS/GA hydrogel. The prepared PVA/GA-CH and CS/GA-PH hydrogel microspheres showed different degrees of swelling (DSs) in the following solution media: deionized water (DW), river water (RW), and buffered solutions (pH 4; pH 9). The PVA/GA-CH hydrogel microspheres showed a maximum DS of 84 g/g in the RW, while the CS/GA-PH hydrogel microspheres showed a maximum DS of 63 g/g in the buffered solution at a pH 9. The water-retention capabilities of the hydrogels were studied using a mixture of 0.5% (w/w) hydrogel microspheres in agricultural soil; the composite showed an additional 20 days of water retention in comparison with a control sample consisting of soil alone. The hydrogels were loaded with urea, which is an important fertilizer in the field of agriculture. The PVA/GA-CH hydrogel microspheres showed a maximum loading percentage (Lmax%) of 89% (w/w), while the CS/GA-PH hydrogel microspheres showed an Lmax% = 79.75% (w/w) for urea. The urea-release behaviors of the hydrogel microspheres were studied under different release media and temperature conditions. In practice, the PVA/GA-CH hydrogel microspheres showed a better release profile in the RW at 10 °C, while the CS/GA-PH hydrogel microspheres showed a more controlled release in media at a pH 9 and at 30 °C. The urea-loaded microspheres, aside from those following the release, were characterized via FTIR and SEM. In contrast, virgin microspheres were characterized using XRD,1H NMR, (TGA and DSC), and the maximum degree of swelling, in addition to being subjected to SEM and FTIR analyses.

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Chen, Mingyang, Yong Shen, Lihui Xu, Guanghong Xiang, and Zhewei Ni. "Synthesis of a super-absorbent nanocomposite hydrogel based on vinyl hybrid silica nanospheres and its properties." RSC Advances 10, no. 67 (2020): 41022–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07074b.

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26

Huang, Yiwan, Ming Zeng, Jie Ren, Jing Wang, Liren Fan, and Qingyu Xu. "Preparation and swelling properties of graphene oxide/poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) super-absorbent hydrogel nanocomposites." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 401 (May 2012): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.03.031.

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27

Patra, Sanmay Kumar, Ratneswar Poddar, Marian Brestic, Pravat Utpal Acharjee, Parijat Bhattacharya, Sudip Sengupta, Payel Pal, et al. "Prospects of Hydrogels in Agriculture for Enhancing Crop and Water Productivity under Water Deficit Condition." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (June 22, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4914836.

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In arid and semiarid regions and under rainfed conditions, water availability is one of the principal ecological constraints that hinder agriculture’s sustainability. The super absorbent polymer (agricultural) is water-absorbing and is cross-linked to absorb aqueous solutions through bonding with water molecules. It is a new approach to water management under water-stressed conditions to conserve soil moisture in the active rooting zone of crops by reducing the evaporation, deep percolation, and runoff losses. Agricultural hydrogels are water retention granules which swell their original size to numerous intervals when they come in contact with water. It can absorb and retain a huge amount of moisture under plentiful rainfall and irrigation events and release it back to the soil for mitigating crop water demand when the rhizosphere zone dries up under drought conditions. It plays multifarious roles in agriculture including soil-water retainer, nutrient and pesticide carriers, seed coating, soil erosion reducer, and food additives. It has the extraordinary ability in improving different physicochemical, hydrophysical, and biological properties of soil, simultaneously decreasing irrigation frequency, enhancing the water and nutrient use efficiencies, and increasing the yield and quality of the field, plantation, ornamental, and vegetable crops. These biodegradable materials are nontoxic to the soil, crop, and environment. Hence, the addition of the hydrogel polymer will be a promising and feasible technological tool for augmenting crop productivity under moisture stressed conditions.

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Zhou, Gang, Shuailong Li, Qunzhi Meng, Fuchao Tian, and Lulu Sun. "Synthesis and performance of a new temperature-sensitive and super-absorbent fire prevention hydrogel based on ultrasonic method." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 640 (May 2022): 128399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128399.

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29

Chen, Mingyang, Zhewei Ni, Yong Shen, Guanghong Xiang, and Lihui Xu. "Reinforced swelling and water-retention properties of super-absorbent hydrogel fabricated by a dual stretchable single network tactic." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 602 (October 2020): 125133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125133.

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30

Feng, Jing Duo, Son T. Nguyen, and Hai M. Duong. "Recycled Paper Cellulose Aerogel Synthesis and Water Absorption Properties." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.938.

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By applying sodium hydroxide/urea and a sample freeze drying method, we successfully synthesized green cellulose aerogel from paper waste for the first time. We adjusted the cellulose concentration from 1.5 percents to 4 percents in the initial hydrogel. They yielded densities changing from 0.03-0.1 g/cm3.The absorption capacities varied from 9 to 20 times of their own weight. To investigate the water absorption capacity in relationship with the initial chemical dosage, we changed the input amount of urea and sodium hydroxide, which is the first study ever. The thermal conductivity of the 2 percents sample ranged from 0.029-0.032 W/mK. Besides, the material has a high potential to be used in diaper industry as it is biodegradable which is better than most super absorbent polymers.

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Tohamy, Hebat-Allah S., Mohamed El-Sakhawy, Beata Strachota, Adam Strachota, Ewa Pavlova, Silvia Mares Barbosa, and Samir Kamel. "Temperature- and pH-Responsive Super-Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Grafted Cellulose and Capable of Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions." Gels 9, no. 4 (April 2, 2023): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9040296.

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In this work, we prepared highly swelling, stimuli-responsive hydrogels capable of the highly efficient adsorption of inorganic pollutants. The hydrogels were based on hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) grafted with acrylamide (AM) and 3-sulfopropyl acrylate (SPA) and were synthesized via the growth (radical polymerization) of the grafted copolymer chains on HPMC, which was activated by radical oxidation. These grafted structures were crosslinked to an infinite network by a small amount of di-vinyl comonomer. HPMC was chosen as a cheap hydrophilic and naturally sourced polymer backbone, while AM and SPA were employed to preferentially bond coordinating and cationic inorganic pollutants, respectively. All the gels displayed a pronounced elastic character, as well as considerably high values of stress at break (several hundred %). The gel with the highest fraction of the ionic comonomer SPA (with an AM/SPA ratio = 0.5) displayed the highest equilibrium swelling ratio (12,100%), the highest volume response to temperature and pH, and the fastest swelling kinetics, but also the lowest modulus. The other gels (with AM/SPA = 1 and 2) displayed several times higher moduli but more modest pH responses and only very modest temperature sensitivity. Cr(VI) adsorption tests indicated that the prepared hydrogels removed this species from water very efficiently: between 90 and 96% in one step. The hydrogels with AM/SPA ratios of 0.5 and 1 appeared to be promising regenerable (via pH) materials for repeated Cr(VI) adsorption.

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Mahto, Rakhi, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Ankita, and Kartikeya Srivastava. "Effects of Hydrogel and Salicylic Acid on the Growth And Yield of Mustard Under Rainfed Condition." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 52, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v52i1.65229.

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A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2017-18 at Varanasi to evaluate the effects of hydrogel as Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) and salicylic acid (SA) as stress-ameliorating agent, in growth and productivity of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) at rainfed condition. The experiment comprised nine treatments such as Control (T1), Hydrogel (H) @ 2.5 kg/ha (T2), H @ 5 kg/ha (T3), SA 100 ppm (T4), Salicylic acid (SA) 200 ppm (T5), H @ 2.5 kg/ha+ SA 100 ppm (T6), H @ 2.5 kg/ha+ SA 200 ppm (T7), H @ 5 kg/ha+ SA 100 ppm (T8), and H @ 5 kg/ha+ SA 200 ppm (T9). Among the different treatments, soil application of H @ 5 kg/ha and foliar spray of SA@ 200 ppm registered the highest value (mean of two year) of plant height (177.66 cm), primary (7.37) and secondary branches (7.74), siliqua/plant (306.84) as well as maximum seed yield (18.02 q/ha) and straw yield (2344.09 kg/ha). Exogeneous spray of SA alone with higher dose performed better in all parameters than individual application of hydrogel, however, their combination also gave superior result in minimizing moisture stress in plant. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(1): 27-35, 2023 (March)

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Tanveer, Mehvish, Ariba Farooq, Sadia Ata, Ismat Bibi, Misbah Sultan, Munawar Iqbal, Sehrish Jabeen, et al. "Aluminum nanoparticles, chitosan, acrylic acid and vinyltrimethoxysilane based hybrid hydrogel as a remarkable water super-absorbent and antimicrobial activity." Surfaces and Interfaces 25 (August 2021): 101285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101285.

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Kim, Jung Soo, Dong Hyun Kim, and Youn Suk Lee. "The Influence of Monomer Composition and Surface-CrossLinking Condition on Biodegradation and Gel Strength of Super Absorbent Polymer." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040663.

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In this study, a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) comprising poly (IA-co-cellulose-co-VSA-co-AA; ICVA) core-SAP (CSAP) was synthesized through radical polymerization using itaconic acid (IA), acrylic acid (AA), cellulose, and vinyl sulfonic acid (VSA) as monomers. The absorption performances and relative biodegradability of various compositions prepared by adjusting the amounts of cellulose and VSA with constant IA and AA content were compared. Increasing the cellulose content in CSAP contributed to improved biodegradation of the surface-crosslinked SAP (SSAP) and gel strength, although the free absorbency (FA) and centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) decreased. Increasing the VSA content resulted in strong anionicity, which enables the absorption of large amounts of water. Surface-crosslinking technology was applied to the CSAP synthesized with the optimal composition ratio to increase its absorption performance and gel strength. Improved performance of the synthesized SSAP (a CRC of 30.4 g/g, absorbency under load (AUL) of 23.3 g/g, and permeability of 55 s) was achieved by selecting the optimal surface-crosslinking treatment time and the amount of distilled water in the surface-crosslinking solution: as the latter was increased in the surface-crosslinking solution, the AUL and permeability of the SSAP were improved, and its biodegradability was found to be 54% compared to the 100% biodegradable cellulose hydrogel in the control group.

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35

Patel, Ankit M., Ranjan G. Patel, and Manish P. Patel. "Nickel and copper removal study from aqueous solution using new cationic poly[acrylamide/N,N-DAMB/N,N-DAPB] super absorbent hydrogel." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 119, no. 4 (September 7, 2010): 2485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.32818.

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36

Sarifuddin, A. Rauf, and Y. Dewantari. "The application of Hydrogel (Super Absorbent Polymer) and chicken manure fertilizer to increase pH, N-total, C-organic and soil water content in Entisol." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 782, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 042024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/4/042024.

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37

Goulis, Panagiotis, Ioannis A. Kartsonakis, and Costas A. Charitidis. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Core-Shell Copolymer with Different Glass Transition Temperatures." Fibers 8, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8110071.

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The aim of this study is to synthesize an organic core-shell co-polymer with a different glass transition temperature (Tg) between the core and the shell that can be used for several applications such as the selective debonding of coatings or the release of encapsulated materials. The co-polymer was synthesized using free radical polymerization and was characterized with respect to its morphology, composition and thermal behavior. The obtained results confirmed the successful synthesis of the co-polymer copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate)@poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), PMMA@P(MAA-co-EGDMA), which can be used along with water-based solvents. Furthermore, the Tg of the polymer’s core PMMA was 104 °C, while the Tg of the shell P(MAA-co-EGDMA) was 228 °C, making it appropriate for a wide variety of applications. It is worth mentioning that by following this specific experimental procedure, methacrylic acid was copolymerized in water, as the shell of the copolymer, without forming a gel-like structure (hydrogel), as happens when a monomer is polymerized in aqueous media, such as in the case of super-absorbent polymers. Moreover, the addition and subsequent polymerization of the monomer methyl methacrylate (MAA) into the mixture of the already polymerized PMMA resulted in a material that was uniform in size, without any agglomerations or sediments.

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38

Patel, Ankit M., Ranjan G. Patel, and Manish P. Patel. "Super Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Poly[acrylamide/maleic acid/2-methacryloxy ethyl trimethylammonium chloride]: Synthesis, Characterization and their Application in the Removal of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 48, no. 5 (March 31, 2011): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2011.562462.

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39

Yadav, Ram Jeewan, and Ganga Shrestha. "Screening of Superabsorbent Polymers in Barley Husk." Prithvi Journal of Research and Innovation 1 (December 15, 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pjri.v1i0.29889.

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Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) as hydrogels are super-soaker organic materials - Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) which swells in water to form a clear gel. These are different from conventional absorbent sponge in which water can be wrung out easily; the SAPs' hydrate gel particle retains the absorbed water even under pressure. This unique ability to hold absorbed water, even against pressure, is the primary benefit of using SAPs. Such SAPs have created a very attractive area in the viewpoint of super-swelling behaviour, chemistry, and designing the variety of final applications. Besides various applications, the most volume of SAPs world production (106 tons/year) is yet consumed in hygienic uses, i.e., disposable diapers (as baby or adult diapers, feminine napkins, etc.). Agro wastes like Barley husk can be a very potential resource to obtain CMC or SAPs. This paper discusses extraction of α-cellulose followed by carboxy-methylation process to get CMC from barley husk. Absorbency tests of the CMC were performed by tea bag method and all the samples were characterized by FTIR.

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40

Asayesh, Amirreza, Elina Ilen, Marjo Metsäranta, and Sampsa Vanhatalo. "Developing Disposable EEG Cap for Infant Recordings at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 7869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207869.

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Long-term EEG monitoring in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) is challenged with finding solutions for setting up and maintaining a sufficient recording quality with limited technical experience. The current study evaluates different solutions for the skin–electrode interface and develops a disposable EEG cap for newborn infants. Several alternative materials for the skin–electrode interface were compared to the conventional gel and paste: conductive textiles (textured and woven), conductive Velcro, sponge, super absorbent hydrogel (SAH), and hydro fiber sheets (HF). The comparisons included the assessment of dehydration and recordings of signal quality (skin interphase impedance and powerline (50 Hz) noise) for selected materials. The test recordings were performed using snap electrodes integrated into a forearm sleeve or a forehead band along with skin–electrode interfaces to mimic an EEG cap with the aim of long-term biosignal recording on unprepared skin. In the hydration test, conductive textiles and Velcro performed poorly. While the SAH and HF remained sufficiently hydrated for over 24 h in an incubator-mimicking environment, the sponge material was dehydrated during the first 12 h. Additionally, the SAH was found to have a fragile structure and was electrically prone to artifacts after 12 h. In the electrical impedance and recording comparisons of muscle activity, the results for thick-layer HF were comparable to the conventional gel on unprepared skin. Moreover, the mechanical instability measured by 1–2 Hz and 1–20 Hz normalized relative power spectrum density was comparable with clinical EEG recordings using subdermal electrodes. The results together suggest that thick-layer HF at the skin–electrode interface is an effective candidate for a preparation-free, long-term recording, with many advantages, such as long-lasting recording quality, easy use, and compatibility with sensitive infant skin contact.

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41

Kovalenko, O. M. "A modern approach to the treatment of burns." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.2 (December 15, 2020): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.2-147-148.

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Background. Wound healing as soon as possible is an ultimate goal of treating patients with burns. European guidelines of recent years state that a humid environment is optimal for the treatment of burns. Objective. To describe the modern approach to the treatment of burns. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on this topic. Results and discussion. Over the last 15 years, there has been a significant breakthrough in the armamentarium of wound dressings (WD). The main advantages of modern WD include simplification of the dressing procedure, control of infection, removal of secretions from the wound, creating a favorable environment for healing, and accelerating the cleansing or healing of wounds. Such WD include skin substitutes and interactive dressings. Skin substitutes are divided into synthetic, biological and combined, as well as in temporary and permanent. Dressings, in turn, can be super-absorbent, spongy, hydrocolloid, gel, atraumatic mesh, semi-permeable, etc. After treating wounds with an aqueous antiseptic, such as Dekasan (“Yuria-Pharm”), the exfoliated epidermis is removed and an atraumatic dressing is applied. Sometimes a single application is sufficient for epithelialization of superficial wounds. Dermal burns affecting the epidermis and dermis are burns with incomplete injury depth and can heal on their own. After dermabrasion, the lyophilized xenoskin is soaked in saline with the addition of Dekasan and instantly fixed to the wound surface. Subsequently, the wound is healed by primary tension. Dermabrasion of the wound can be performed mechanically (dry napkin, wet napkin with Dekasan, brush or metal sponge) or surgically (scalpel, dermatome, Water Jet device). Nowadays, it is believed that the creation of a moist environment above the surface of the burn allows epithelial cells to spread horizontally on a thin layer of wound exudate, accelerating wound healing. Hydrogel dressings and shape-resistant hydrogel coatings are widely used in the treatment of limited superficial and border burns. In the exudation phase, a wound coating with nanosilicon is used, which actively absorbs the wound exudate. There are also hydrogel face masks, which have a prolonged effect, cool the damaged area in 60 seconds, eliminate pain, prevent blisters, reduce the likelihood of infection and the spread of burns deep into the tissues. The process of tissue repair and wound healing consists of three phases, which are interrelated and may coincide in time: the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase and the remodeling phase. Wound healing is affected by the pH of the environment, as many processes, namely, activity of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors, activity of fibroblasts, microbial proliferation, depend on this factor. Interactive WD change the pH of the wound. Conclusions. 1. WD, which support wounds in a humid environment, are an effective means of regulating the wound process. 2. Low pH of wounds changes the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora, reduces the microbial contamination of wounds in 100 times. 3. Keeping wounds under modern WD does not increase the level of endogenous intoxication, but on the contrary, improves the course of burn disease. 4. Humid environment promotes the penetration of neutrophilic granulocytes with high enzymatic activity.

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Lopatkina, Ekaterina, and Anton Rebrov. "The use of polymer super absorbent in the adaptation of revitalized grape plants to non-sterile conditions." BIO Web of Conferences 39 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213904002.

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The article discusses the effect of a cross-linked copolymer of potassium and ammonium salts of acrylic acid “Aquasin” on in vitro revitalized grape plants when adapting to non-sterile conditions and growing completion before planting in open ground. The research was carried out on the basis of VNIIViV named after Ya.I. Potapenko on the indigenous Don variety Krasnostop Zolotovsky and the indigenous Crimean variety Kandavasta. The aim of the study was to study the usage effectiveness of super absorbents (hydrogels) for the post vitro stage. As a result, the positive effect of adding the water-retaining agent Aquasin to the substrate on the growth and development of plants was noted. This was especially reflected in such indicators as ripening and the shoots’ diameter. In addition, the possibility of preliminary saturation of the super absorbent with immunostimulants or fertilizers is of interest.

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Soleimani, Fatemeh, Mohammad Sadeghi, Hadis Shasevari, Arezoo Soleimani, and Hossein Sadeghi. "Synthesis of Super Absorbent Hydrogels with Using Releasing Drug." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 2 (2013): 1025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.13394.

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Scognamillo, Sergio, Valeria Alzari, Daniele Nuvoli, and Alberto Mariani. "Thermoresponsive super water absorbent hydrogels prepared by frontal polymerization." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 48, no. 11 (June 1, 2010): 2486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.24020.

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Zhang, Jian, Huining Xiao, Na Li, Qingwei Ping, and Yi Zhang. "Synthesis and characterization of super-absorbent hydrogels based on hemicellulose." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 132, no. 34 (May 20, 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.42441.

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46

Hu, Xiaosai, Qiao Wang, Qing Liu, Zongjin Li, and Guoxing Sun. "Villus-like nanocomposite hydrogels with a super-high water absorption capacity." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 25 (2020): 12613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta03907a.

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47

Li, Z. P., B. H. Liu, F. F. Liu, and D. Xu. "A composite of borohydride and super absorbent polymer for hydrogen generation." Journal of Power Sources 196, no. 8 (April 2011): 3863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.003.

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Zhang, Yuqi, Yao Liu, Jiaqi Liu, Pu Guo, and Liping Heng. "Super water absorbency OMMT/PAA hydrogel materials with excellent mechanical properties." RSC Advances 7, no. 24 (2017): 14504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra00372b.

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HIRASA, OKIHIKO. "Super Absorbing Polymer Hydrogels - A Lightly Crosslinked Polyelectrolyte Network." Kobunshi 45, no. 6 (1996): 410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.45.410.

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El‐Mohdy, H. L. Abd, El‐Sayed A. Hegazy, and H. A. Abd El‐Rehim. "Characterization of Starch/Acrylic Acid Super‐Absorbent Hydrogels Prepared by Ionizing Radiation." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 43, no. 7 (June 2006): 1051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601320600740249.

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