Journal articles: 'Super 304H Austenitic Stainless Steel'

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LEE, HAN-SANG, BUM-SHIN KIM, and SUN IG HONG. "Comparison of Stress Relaxation Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic Stainless Steels." Welding Journal 101, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2022.101.017.

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Coal-fired power plants often have welded joints made up of 347H stainless steel. However, this alloy is known to fail because of stress relaxation cracking. Thus, quantitative evaluation methods are needed as screening measures. In this study, a Gleeble® thermomechanical simulator was implemented in 347H and Super 304H alloy heat-affected zone (HAZ) simulation and stress relaxation testing. In the case of 347H, carbide dissolution in the HAZ reduced the hardness value and promoted grain growth. Alternatively, the respective extent of precipitate dissolution and hardness reduction in the nitrogen-containing Super 304H was relatively small. The stress relaxation tests were performed at a temperature of 700°C (1292°F), which was maintained for up to 70 h. Consequently, all 347H specimens fractured within 32 h. Furthermore, the time to rupture substantially decreased as the strain was increased from 5 to 10% and then to 15%. Additionally, the hardness near the fractured surface increased, and the plastic deformation primarily occurred near the grain boundaries. Conversely, the Super 304H specimens did not fracture during the 70-h testing period, at which time their hardness distribution was observed to still be relatively uniform. These results demonstrate that the susceptibility of stress relaxation cracking can be quantitatively determined according to the material and strain.

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Zhong, Fei, Chunlei Zhang, Wensheng Li, Jingpin Jiao, and Liqiang Zhong. "Nonlinear ultrasonic characterization of intergranular corrosion damage in super 304H steel tube." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 63, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-05-2014-1390.

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Purpose – Super304H steel is a new fine-grained austenitic heat-resistant stainless steel developed in recent years, and it is widely used in high temperature section superheater and reheater tubes of ultra-supercritical thermal power units’ boiler. Currently intergranular corrosion (IGC) has occurred in a few austenitic stainless steel tubes in ultra-supercritical units and led to boiler leakage. The purpose of this paper is to find a nondestructive method to quickly and easily detect IGC of austenitic stainless steel tube. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses the nonlinear characteristics of ultrasonic propagation in steel tube to detect the IGC of Super304H tube. Findings – The experimental results show that the nonlinear coefficient generally increases sensitively with the degree of IGC; hence, the nonlinear coefficient can be used to assess IGC degree of tubes, and the nonlinear coefficient measurement method is repeatable for the same tube. Research limitations/implications – A theory of how IGC would affect the ultrasonic signals and lead to a nonlinear response needs further research. Practical implications – A nondestructive method to quickly and easily detect IGC is provided. Social implications – Using ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient to assess IGC degree of tubes is a new try. Originality/value – This paper provides a new way to test IGC.

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Prabha, B., P. Sundaramoorthy, S. Suresh, S. Manimozhi, and B. Ravishankar. "Studies on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Super 304H Austenitic Stainless Steel." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 18, no. 9 (December 2009): 1294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-008-9347-9.

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Pavan, A. H. V., R. Ravibharath, and Kulvir Singh. "Creep-Rupture Behavior of SUS 304H – IN 617 Dissimilar Metal Welds for AUSC Boiler Applications." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.199.

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Advanced Ultra Super-Critical (AUSC) power plants are envisaged for achieving higher thermodynamic efficiency by operating at temperatures and pressures of 710/720 °C and 310 ata, respectively which are significantly higher than sub-critical (conventional) and supercritical power plants. This has led to tremendous research in selection of new and advanced materials to meet high temperature requirements. Ni-base superalloys having known to have excellent creep-rupture behavior were selected for high temperature sections of boiler while austenitic stainless steels were selected for moderately high temperature sections considering the economical feasibility. Since both these materials have to be fabricated for application in boiler tubes, dissimilar metal welding is inevitable. This work discusses creep-rupture evaluation of one such case of dissimilar welds, i.e., between Inconel 617 (IN 617) and SUS 304H. IN 617 is a Ni-base superalloy while SUS 304H is a Cu-precipitated austenitic stainless steel. Welding was carried out using IN 617 filler material for producing defect free welds. Creep-rupture samples were prepared incorporating the complete cross-weldment for understanding mechanical behavior as a result of prolonged exposure to elevated temperature and stresses. Creep-rupture testing was carried out at 600, 650 and 700°C at suitable stresses to obtain rupture times in the excess of 3000 hours in a few test conditions. Detailed characterization studies when carried out on ruptured samples revealed the weakest zone to be heat affected zone towards SUS 304H which led to failure. This work also provides insight into the possible creep-mechanisms that operate in various zones of weldments. Phases formed as a result of exposure to stress and temperature for a prolonged duration are also discussed. Comparison of the data obtained with data available in literature was carried out and performance of weldments was analyzed and reported.

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Hong, Sung Min, Dong Joon Min, and Eric Fleury. "Effect of Grain Boundary Serration on the Tensile Properties of the Super 304H Heat Resistant Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.170.

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Grain boundary serrations were produced in heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel containing Cu by applying after solution heat-treatment a holding time in the range 700-800oC between 30 minutes to 3 hours. These special treatments provide an enhancement of the tensile ductility of about 40 and 113%at room temperature and 750oC, respectively, while no significant change in the yield stress and tensile strength could be observed.

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Pilsová, Lucie, Marie Ohanková, Vladimír Mára, Jan Krčil, and Jakub Horváth. "Effect of Internal Pressure on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of X10CrNiCuNb18-9-3 (SUPER 304H) Austenitic Stainless Steel." Procedia Structural Integrity 43 (2023): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2022.12.274.

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Li, Ping, Ting-ju Li, Jie Zhao, and Sheng-jiao Pang. "Hot corrosion behaviors of Super 304H austenitic stainless steel pre-coated in Na2SO4–25%NaCl mixture salt film." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 25, no. 11 (October 19, 2018): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42243-018-0161-9.

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San, X. Y., B. Zhang, B. Wu, X. X. Wei, E. E. Oguzie, and X. L. Ma. "Investigating the effect of Cu-rich phase on the corrosion behavior of Super 304H austenitic stainless steel by TEM." Corrosion Science 130 (January 2018): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2017.11.001.

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Adijāns, I., L. Lazov, M. Ilieva, and M. P. Nikolova. "Investigation of the change in wettability properties and corrosion behavior of AISI 304 after laser surface texturing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2487, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2487/1/012040.

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Abstract Stainless steel is a widely used material in industry, architecture, and medical instruments. However, after various thermal processing of stainless steels, chromium carbides can be formed, which locally depletes the chromium available to form a passive film and reduces the corrosion performance. Laser surface treatment can change the surface chemistry of the steel and improve some electrochemical characteristics. However, these characteristics are influenced by the laser power, pulse width, distance between the lines, scanning speed, etc., which all change the surface chemistry and characteristics of laser surface texturing. Simultaneously, the ability to repel liquids that cause corrosion actions could combine to enhance corrosion performance. Since the wettability of a solid surface depends both on its topography and chemical nature, the micro structuring of an austenitic steel surface is an effective way of fabricating hydrophobic or super hydrophobic corrosion-resistant surfaces. For this reason, this study discusses the effect of laser power in the impact zone and the distance between raster lines on the microstructure, wettability, and corrosion resistance of austenitic steel (AISI 304) when exposed to nanosecond fiber laser radiation. The results indicate that parameter-controlled micro structuring can be used to form both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces with different electrochemical performances.

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Wu, Guang Feng, Xiao Bin Zhang, and Wei Wu. "Microstructure and Corrosion Resistant Property Research of Super 304H and TP347H Heat-Resistant Steel Welding Joint." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1402.

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Microstructure of Super 304H and TP347H austenitic heat resistance steel welding joint by handwork argon tungsten-arc welding and electro-chemical corrosion property of weld metal and two base materials were investigated by SEM and M273 constant potential rectifier. The results shows that microstructure of the weld metalwere austenitic matrix + δ ferrite; In 5% HCl Solution, corrosion resistant capabilities were super 304H base material＞ weld metal＞TP347H base material; in 9.8% H2SO4 Solution, corrosion resistant capabilities were Super 304H base material＞TP347H base material＞ weld metal; Super 304H and TP347H austenitic heat resistance steel welding joint has better corrosion resistant property in HCl solution than in H2SO4 solution; Inter-crystalline corrosion results were consistence to results electro-chemical corrosion experiment in 9.8% H2SO4 solution.

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Kumar, Niraj, Prakash Kumar, Rajat Upadhyaya, Sanjeev Kumar, and Chandan Panday. "Assessment of the Structural Integrity of a Laser Weld Joint of Inconel 718 and ASS 304L." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 3903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053903.

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For high-temperature industries operating at nearly 750 °C (advanced ultra-super critical boilers), dissimilar welding between Inconel alloys and austenitic stainless steel (ASS) are commonly adopted. The high-temperature resistive properties of Inconel and ASS alloys are highly qualified for high-temperature applications. In this experimental study, dissimilar autogenous laser beam welding (LBW) between Inconel 718 and ASS 304L is investigated. This paper explains the detailed study on the microstructural and mechanical behavior of the LBW dissimilar joint. The microstructural study indicates the presence of laves phases in the weld zone. Additionally, the weld zone shows heterogeneous microstructural formation, owing to the non-uniform welding heat in the different areas of the weld zone. The optical images show the presence of mixed dendrites, i.e., equiaxed, cellular, and columnar morphology, in the weld zone and in the fusion zones of either side. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results show the presence of segregated elements (Nb, Mo, Cr, and Ti) at the weld center. These segregated elements are the reason for the occurrence of the laves phases in the weld zone. The presence of Nb and Mo may form the laves phase (Fe, Ni, Cr)2 (Nb, Mo, Ti) along with Fe, Ni and Cr. The presence of an unmixed zone is observed in the HAZ of the Inconel 718, whereas the HAZ of the ASS 304L shows the presence of an unmixed zone (UZ) and a partially mixed zone (PMZ), as observed on the optical and SEM images. To obtain the mechanical properties of the laser weld, the tensile test, microhardness test, and impact test were measured at room temperature. The tensile specimens show a brittle failure at the ASS 304L side, which was initiated from the weld top, with average tensile stress of 658.225 MPa. The reason for the ASS 304L fracture is because of the presence of UZ and PMZ, and the lower hardness value of the ASS side. The UZ and PMZ lead to the fracture of the tensile specimen along the ASS 304L side’s HAZ. The measurement of microhardness carried out along the transverse length indicates an average microhardness of 214.4 HV, and the value is 202.9 HV along the weld depth. The mixed morphology of the microstructure promotes the variation in hardness in both directions. The hardness along the length shows a high hardness value in the weld zone and uniformly decreases along the base materials. The Charpy impact test of the weld zone shows the brittle fracture of the impact specimens. From the microstructural and mechanical results, the LBW dissimilar weld between Inconel 718 and ASS 304L is qualified for safe use in high-temperature end applications, such as AUSC power plants.

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Zieliński, Adam, Janusz Dobrzański, Hanna Purzyńska, and Grzegorz Golański. "Properties, structure and creep resistance of austenitic steel Super 304H." Materials Testing 57, no. 10 (October 2015): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/120.110791.

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13

Li, Hongyuan, Qiong Cao, and Zhongliang Zhu. "Oxidation behaviour of Super 304H stainless steel in supercritical water." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 53, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478422x.2018.1459064.

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14

Sen, Indrani, E. Amankwah, N. S. Kumar, E. Fleury, K. Oh-ishi, K. Hono, and U. Ramamurty. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of annealed SUS 304H austenitic stainless steel with copper." Materials Science and Engineering: A 528, no. 13-14 (May 2011): 4491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.019.

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15

Li, Dong Sheng, Xi Zhang Chen, and Qi Xun Dai. "Calculation and Analysis of Microstructure of Austenitic Steel for Supercritical Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.337.

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Microstructure and the precipitated high temperature ferrite δ phase of an austenitic steel 10Cr18Ni9NbCu3BN tube was investigated. It reveals that segregation during solidification process results in the precipitation of high temperature ferrite. The calculated amount of δ phase was consistent with our XRD analysis. With decreasing solution treatment temperature, Nb-containing phase will be refined and the amount of δ phase as well as process-cost can be reduced. Because of the highest performance/cost ratio, austenitic super 304H steel is applied as pressure component under supercritical conditions. It was originally developed by Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd and Mitsubishi. Based on 304H, Super304H has lowered the upper limit of Mn, but added Nb, N and Cu. Elements Nb and N can form stable NbN,Nb(C,N)-phase, so as to refine the grain size and result in precipitation-hardening. Cu can form coherent segregation phase which also has the hardening effect, decreases the hardening rates in the cold-working process and improves the plastic formation of steel. In this kind of steel, the main strengthening phases are copper-rich phase, MCs. The alloying effect of elements Nb,N and Cu can increase allowable stress and service life of the steel under the working temperature[1]. In this paper, experimental and theoretical analysis was carried out in order to develop new 10Cr18Ni9NbCu3BN steel tube. In accordance with ASME code case 2328-1, the contents of steel 10Cr18Ni9NbCu3BN were listed as follows in Table 1.

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Fourlaris, G., T. Gladman, and M. Maylin. "Microscopical Examination of a Super Austenitic Stainless Steel." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 687–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010321.

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Stainless steels have significant applications due to their good corrosion resistance. However, for applications in a marine environment, i.e. for certain types of large naval structures, in addition to the good corrosion resistance, other requirements are imposed on the candidate material such as high strength and toughness coupled with suitable magnetic characteristics.It has been demonstrated in earlier publications that significant improvements in the coercivity, maximum induction and remanence values can be achieved, by using a 2205 type Duplex austenitic -ferritic stainless steel (DSS) instead of the low alloy medium carbon steels currently being used. These improvements are achieved in the as received 2205 material, and after small amounts of cold rolling have been applied, to increase the strength. However, the 2205 type DSS exhibits “ marginal” corrosion protection in a marine environment as well as exhibiting some measurable ferromagnetic response. Therefore, a study has been undertaken to examine the mechanical properties and microstructures obtained in a super austenitic stainless steel of the 254 SMO type.

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Schino, Andrea Di. "CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF AISI 460LI SUPER-FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 25, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v25i4.1363.

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<p class="AMSmaintext1"><span lang="EN-GB">Following nickel and molybdenum significant price increase, nowadays the stainless steel market is moving toward an increasing use of ferritic stainless steel instead of austenitic stainless and therefore to the development of advanced ferritic stainless steels grades aimed to substitute the more expensive austenitic materials in all applications allowing it. Super-ferritic stainless steels are higher chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) steels with properties similar to those of standard ferritic alloys. Such elements increase high temperature and corrosion resistance in strong environment. This paper deal about the corrosion resistance of super-ferritic stainless steels with a Cr content ranging from 21% to 24%. </span></p>

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Prabowo, Harris, Badrul Munir, Yudha Pratesa, and Johny W. Soedarsono. "Comparison of 2507 Duplex and 28 % Cr- Austenitic Stainless Steel Corrosion Behavior for High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) in Sour Service Condition with C-ring Experiment." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 65, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.17598.

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The scarcity of oil and gas resources made High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) reservoir attractive to be developed. The sour service environment gives an additional factor in material selection for HPHT reservoir. Austenitic 28 Cr and super duplex stainless steel 2507 (SS 2507) are proposed to be a potential materials candidate for such conditions. C-ring tests were performed to investigate their corrosion behavior, specifically sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and sulfide stress cracking susceptibility. The C-ring tests were done under 2.55 % H2S (31.48 psia) and 50 % CO2 (617.25 psia). The testing was done in static environment conditions. Regardless of good SSC resistance for both materials, different pitting resistance is seen in both materials. The pitting resistance did not follow the general Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN), since SS 2507 super duplex (PREN > 40) has more pitting density than 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel (PREN < 40). SS 2507 super duplex pit shape tends to be larger but shallower than 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel. 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel has a smaller pit density, yet deeper and isolated.

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Qiao, Peiheng, Jinyang Xie, Yong Jiang, Pengjie Tang, Bin Liang, Yilan Lu, and Jianming Gong. "Mechanical Properties of σ-Phase and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel." Coatings 12, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121917.

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In this present paper, the mechanical properties of σ-phase and its effect on the mechanical properties of 304H austenitic stainless steel after servicing for about 8 years at 680–720 °C were studied by nano-indentation test, uniaxial tensile test, and impact test. The results showed that the nano-hardness (H), Young’s modulus (E), strain hardening exponent (n), and yield strength (σy) of σ-phase were 14.95 GPa, 263 GPa, 0.78, and 2.42 GPa, respectively. The presence of σ-phase increased the hardness, yield strength, and tensile strength, but greatly reduced the elongation and impact toughness of the material.

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Sharma, Pratishtha, and Dheerendra Kumar Dwivedi. "A-TIG welding of dissimilar P92 steel and 304H austenitic stainless steel: Mechanisms, microstructure and mechanical properties." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 44 (August 2019): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.06.003.

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Ji, Young-Su, Jihye Park, Seung-Yong Lee, Jae-Woong Kim, Sang-Mo Lee, Jingak Nam, Byoungchul Hwang, Jin-Yoo Suh, and Jae-Hyeok Shim. "Long-term evolution of σ phase in 304H austenitic stainless steel: Experimental and computational investigation." Materials Characterization 128 (June 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.03.030.

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Li, Shuai, Chengsong Zhang, Jiping Lu, Ruiduo Chen, Dazhi Chen, and Guodong Cui. "A review of progress on high nitrogen austenitic stainless-steel research." Materials Express 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 1901–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.2109.

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High nitrogen austenitic stainless steels are commonly used in wide range of applications because of their excellent properties, attracting super attention over the past decades. Compared with other metal materials, high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel increases the nitrogen content under the premise that the structure is austenite, giving it excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Based on relevant documents from the past ten years, this article summarizes and compares three preparation methods for high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels, namely: powder nitriding, melt nitriding and bulk nitriding. They can be divided into six categories according to other differences as explained by the latest research progress on strengthening and toughening mechanism for high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels: composite structure strengthening, fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening and strain strengthening. This article also reviews the research progress on excellent properties of high nitrogen stainless steel, including strength, hardness and corrosion resistance. It further describes the emerging nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels and its biocompatibility. Welding applications of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels are also described from three aspects: friction stir welding, arc welding and brass solder. Finally, this article puts forward the development direction of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels in the future.

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Pereira, Juan Carlos, David Aguilar, Iosu Tellería, Raul Gómez, and María San Sebastian. "Semi-Continuous Functionally Graded Material Austenitic to Super Duplex Stainless Steel Obtained by Laser-Based Directed Energy Deposition." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 4 (August 12, 2023): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7040150.

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In this work, a semi-continuous functionally graded material (FGM) between an austenitic and a super duplex stainless steel was obtained. These materials are of great interest for the chemical, offshore, and oil and gas sectors since the austenitic stainless steel type 316L is common (and not so expensive) and super duplex stainless steels have better mechanical and corrosion resistance but are more expensive and complex in their microstructural phases formation and the obtention of the balance between their main phases. Using directed energy deposition, it was possible to efficiently combine two powders of different chemical compositions by automated mixing prior to their delivery into the nozzle, coaxially to the laser beam for melting. A dense material via additive manufacturing was obtained, with minimum defectology and with a semi-continuous and controlled chemical compositional gradient in the manufactured part. The evolution of ferrite formation has been verified and the phase fraction measured. The resulting microstructure, austenite/ferrite ratio, and hardness variations were evaluated, starting from 100% austenitic stainless-steel composition and with variants of 5% in wt.% until achieving 100% of super duplex steel at the end of the part. Finally, the correlation between the increase in hardness of the FGM with the increase in the ferrite phase area fraction was verified.

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Li, X. M., Y. Zou, Z. W. Zhang, Z. D. Zou, and B. S. Du. "Intergranular Corrosion of Weld Metal of Super Type 304H Steel During 650°C Aging." Corrosion 68, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-68.5.379.

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The intergranular corrosion of the weld metal of super Type 304H (UNS S30409) stainless steel during aging at 650°C was investigated using electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR). Experimental results showed that the as-welded weld joint possesses a good corrosion-resistant property, but the formation of chromium-depleted zones caused by precipitation of Cr23C6 between cellular dendrites increased the reactivation ratio (Ra) when the weld metal was aged at 650°C for a prolonged time, indicating the acceleration of intergranular corrosion with increased aging time. Nevertheless, it was found that Cr23C6 showed the morphology with isolated particles after being aged for 500 h and Ra became stable.

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Shamanian, Morteza, Abbas Eghlimi, Masoomeh Eskandarian, and Jerzy A. Szpunar. "Interface microstructure across cladding of super duplex stainless steel with austenitic stainless steel buffer layer." Surface and Coatings Technology 259 (November 2014): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.10.034.

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Mirzaei, A., A. Zarei-Hanzaki, and H. R. Abedi. "Hot Ductility Characterization of Sanicro-28 Super-Austenitic Stainless Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 47, no. 5 (February 4, 2016): 2037–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3364-3.

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Kim, Young Sik, Y. R. Yoo, C. G. Sohn, Keun Taek Oh, Kyoung Nam Kim, Jae Hong Yoon, and H. S. Kim. "Role of Alloying Elements on the Cytotoxic Behavior and Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2295.

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Super stainless steel has been used to solve corrosion problems of biomaterials because it shows the excellent corrosion resistance as like Ti and Ti alloys and has better mechanical properties than Ti and Ti alloys. We designed high Mo and Ni bearing super austenitic stainless steel. To obtain desirable microstructure, Cr, Ni, Mo, N contents were controlled. This work focused on the role of alloying elements on cytotoxic behavior and corrosion of stainless steel. In acidic chloride solution, when the alloys had high PRE values, the alloys showed high pitting resistance and low critical current density. However, in Hanks’ solution, the higher PRE’s alloys showed high critical passive current density. Namely, it was revealed that EDTA among Hanks’ solution played an important role to increase the critical passive current density of high Mo and Ni bearing super stainless steels, regardless of PRE’s value of the alloys. Therefore, even if the PRE values of the alloys were higher, high Ni and Mo bearing alloys would reveal more cytotoxic and high metal ion release rate than 316L stainless steel.

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Roszardi, Bashari Rohululloh, Rini Riastuti, Wahyu Budiarto, Nono Darsono, and Adi Noer Syahid. "Corrosion Behavior of Super Austenitic Stainless Steel, Duplex 2205 and 316L in Sulfamic Acid Environment." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v4i4.24323.

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Currently, sulfamic acid as a primary chemical industrial material is ubiquitous. One of its uses is a sweetener. Due to its corrosive nature, it is necessary to use a suitable container to avoid contamination of the solution. Corrosion behavior of super austenitic stainless steel, duplex 2205, and 316L uncovered to sulfamic acid in diverse attention at ambient temperature had been investigated. Concentration Weight loss method, Potentiodynamic Polarization, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) examined the corrosion rate. The result showed that the corrosion rate of material increased with the increasing concentration of sulfamic acid. Super austenitic stainless steel has higher corrosion resistance than duplex 2205 and 316L.

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Ryś, Janusz, and Wiktoria Ratuszek. "Rolling Texture Formation in Super-Duplex Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.145.

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The present research is a part of project which concerns a deformation behavior of duplex type ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. This paper focuses on the examination of ferrite and austenite textures formed upon thermo-mechanical treatment and deformation textures developed during cold-rolling of super-duplex stainless steel sheet. The character and stability of the textures observed in both phases over a wide deformation range are the result of two-phase morphology formed upon hot- and subsequent cold-rolling. The specific band-like morphology of the ferrite-austenite structure creates different conditions for plastic deformation due to the interaction of both phases and considerably constrained lattice rotations. That is why the processes governing the texture formation in duplex steels are supposed to change in comparison to single phase steels affecting final rolling textures of ferrite and austenite.

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Khan, M. Adam, S. Sundarrajan, and S. Natarajan. "Hot corrosion behaviour of Super 304H for marine applications at elevated temperatures." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-04-2015-1528.

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Purpose The aim of this paper is to study the hot corrosion behaviour of super 304H stainless steel for marine applications. Design/methodology/approach The investigation was carried out with three different combinations of salt mixture (Na2SO4, NaCl and V2O5) at two different temperatures (800 and 900°C). Findings The spalling and growth of oxide layer was observed more with the presence of V2O5 in the salt mixture at 900°C during experimentation than what was observed in 800°C. The mass change per unit area is calculated to study the corrosion kinetics and also the influence of salt mixture. Further, the samples are analysed through materials characterisation techniques using optical image, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The presence of V2O5 in the salt mixture was the most important influencing species for accelerating hot corrosion. Originality/value SEM, EDAX and XRD analysis confirmed the formation of Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 at 900°C showing contribution in corrosion protection.

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Zhang, Runze, Jinshan He, Shiguang Xu, Fucheng Zhang, and Xitao Wang. "The Optimized Homogenization Process of Cast 7Mo Super Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials 16, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 3438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093438.

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Super austenitic stainless steels are expected to replace expensive alloys in harsh environments due to their superior corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, the ultra-high alloy contents drive serious segregation in cast steels, where the σ phase is difficult to eliminate. In this study, the microstructural evolution of 7Mo super austenitic stainless steels under different homogenization methods was investigated. The results showed that after isothermal treatment for 30 h at 1250 °C, the σ phase in steels dissolved, while the remelting morphologies appeared at the phase boundaries. Therefore, the stepped solution heat treatment was further conducted to optimize the homogenized microstructure. The samples were heated up to 1220 °C, 1235 °C and 1250 °C with a slow heating rate, and held at these temperatures for 2 h, respectively. The elemental segregation was greatly reduced without incipient remelting and the σ phase was eventually reduced to less than 0.6%. A prolonged incubation below the dissolution temperature will lead to a spontaneous compositional adjustment of the eutectic σ phase, resulting in uphill diffusion of Cr and Mn, and reducing the homogenization efficiency of ISHT, which is avoided by SSHT. The hardness reduced from 228~236 Hv to 220~232 Hv by adopting the cooling process of “furnace cooling + water quench”. In addition, the study noticed that increasing the Ce content or decreasing the Mn content can both refine the homogenized grain size and accelerate diffusion processes. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the process and composition optimization of super austenitic stainless steels.

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Ciuffini, Andrea Francesco, Silvia Barella, Cosmo Di Cecca, Andrea Di Schino, Andrea Gruttadauria, Giuseppe Napoli, and Carlo Mapelli. "Transformation-Induced Plasticity in Super Duplex Stainless Steel F55- UNS S32760." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 6, 2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020191.

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: Due to their unique combination of properties, Super Duplex Stainless Steels (SDSSs) are materials of choice in many industries. Their applications and markets are growing continuously, and without any doubt, there is a great potential for further volume increase. In recent years, intensive research has been performed on lean SDSSs improving mechanical properties exploiting the lack of nickel to generate metastable γ-austenite, resulting in transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. In the present work, a commercial F55-UNS S32760 SDSS have been studied coupling its microstructural features, especially secondary austenitic precipitates, and tensile properties, after different thermal treatments. First, the investigated specimens have been undergone to a thermal treatment solution, and then, to an annealing treatment with different holding times, in order to simulate the common hot-forming industrial practice. The results of microstructural investigations and mechanical testing highlight the occurrence of TRIP processes. This feature has been related to the Magee effect, concerning the secondary austenitic precipitates nucleated via martensitic-shear transformation.

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Polishetty, Ashwin, Mohanad Alabdullah, and Guy Littlefair. "Tool Wear Analysis due to Machining In Super Austenitic Stainless Steel." MATEC Web of Conferences 95 (2017): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20179505006.

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Hu, Xin, Chen Chen, Yanguo Li, Zhinan Yang, Fucheng Zhang, and Wei Zhang. "Microstructural evolution of cast super austenitic stainless steel during hot compression." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 26 (September 2023): 2770–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.08.101.

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Xiang, Hong Liang, Dong Liu, and Fu Shan He. "Effects of Solution Temperature on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Casting Duplex Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.818.

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In this paper, effects of solid solution treatment temperature on microstructure and tensile properties of casting SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel were researched by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and tensile test. The results indicate that the amount of γ phase increases according to a linear relationship f(g ) = -0.134T +159.94 during the temperatures from 1100°C to 1250°C. Tensile properties of casting SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel fluctuate with solution temperature change. Austenitic grain size and morphology are the most important factors on tensile property. The tensile strength is the highest owing to the finest austenitic grain at the solution temperature of 1150°C. The elongation is related to the fracture mode. At 1100 , elongation ration is highest because of the ductile fracture.

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Ma, Chao Qun, Qi Qiang Duan, and Xiao Wu Li. "Plastic Deformation and Damage Behavior of AL6XN Super-Austenitic Stainless Steels." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1951.

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Tensile and compressive deformation and damage behaviors of Al6XN super-austenitic stainless steels were examined at different strain rates. The deformation and fracture surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the uniaxial deformation (tensile or compressive) behaviors of Al6XN stainless steel shows a low strain rate sensitivity over the range of 10-4s-1 - 10-2s-1. The tensile and compressive yield strengths measured are nearly comparable. The steel shows a good tensile plasticity. Dislocation slip deformation is the main characteristic of uniaxial deformation. All fracture surfaces induced by tensile deformation at different strain rates can be divided into two parts, i.e., fibrous zone and shear lip zone. The fibrous zone consists of dimples with a bimodal size.

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Yoo, Y. R., H. Y. Chang, Yong Bum Park, Y. S. Park, Tai Joo Chung, and Young Sik Kim. "Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Caustic SCC of Super Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 4227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.4227.

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In general, thermal treatment at 500oC ~ 900oC ranges depending upon alloy composition of stainless steels can sensitize the steels and promote the intergranular cracking, and their intergranular corrosion resistance is decreased. These behaviors seem to be related to the change of microstructures. So, heat treatment at that temperature range should be avoided in fabrication, especially welding of stainless steels. In this work, it is focused on the effect of thermal treatment on caustic stress corrosion cracking of super austenitic stainless steel - S32050 The low temperature thermal treatment increased greatly the resistance to caustic SCC than those of annealed specimen. This enhancement might be closely related to the reduction of residual stress and slightly large grain, but its resistance was not affected by the anodic polarization behavior.

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Karayan, Ahmad Ivan, Enrique Maya-Visuet, and Homero Castaneda. "Transpassive Behavior of UNS N08367 Super Austenitic Stainless Steel in LiBr Solution." CORROSION 71, no. 9 (September 2015): 1110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1442.

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Hu, Xin, Zhuyu Wang, Lin Wang, Chen Chen, Fucheng Zhang, and Wei Zhang. "Effect of pre-deformation on hot workability of super austenitic stainless steel." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 16 (January 2022): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.163.

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Muthuchamy, A., A. Raja Annamalai, and Rishabh Ranka. "Mechanical and Electrochemical Characterization of Super-Solidus Sintered Austenitic Stainless Steel (316L)." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 7 (August 1, 2016): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0083.

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AbstractThe present study compares the mechanical and electrochemical behaviour of austenitic (AISI 316L) stainless steel compacted at various pressures (200, 400 and 600 MPa) and conventionally sintered at super-solidus temperature of 1,400°C. The electrochemical behaviour was investigated in 0.1 N H2SO4 solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The shrinkage decreased and densification has been increased with increasing pressure. The mechanical and electrochemical behaviour with pressure has been correlated with densification response and microstructure (pore type, volume and morphology). Highest densification (~92% theoretical) achieved at 600 MPa (compaction pressure) and 1,400°C (sintering temperature) resulted in excellent combination of tensile strength and ductility (456 ± 40 MPa, 25 ± 1.1%), while showing excellent corrosion resistance (0.1 mmpy or 4.7 mpy).

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Marin, Raphaël, Hervé Combeau, Julien Zollinger, Moukrane Dehmas, Bernard Rouat, Aude Lamontagne, David Cardinaux, and Lucile Lhenry-Robert. "Solidification path and phase transformation in super-austenitic stainless steel UNS S31254." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 529 (May 29, 2019): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/529/1/012008.

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Lewis, A. C., J. F. Bingert, D. J. Rowenhorst, A. Gupta, A. B. Geltmacher, and G. Spanos. "Two- and three-dimensional microstructural characterization of a super-austenitic stainless steel." Materials Science and Engineering: A 418, no. 1-2 (February 2006): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.088.

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Abhilash, A. P., and P. Sathiya. "Finite Element Simulation of Laser Welding of 904L Super Austenitic Stainless Steel." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 64, no. 4-5 (October 2011): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-011-0093-6.

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Ntienoue, J. K., A. Reguer, F. Robert, O. Naït-Rabah, and C. Roos. "Electrochemical Behaviour of a Super Austenitic Stainless Steel in Amazonian Aqueous Environment." International Journal of Electrochemical Science 8, no. 4 (April 2013): 4761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1452-3981(23)14638-4.

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Kleber, Siegfried, and Martin Hafok. "Multiaxial Forging of Super Duplex Steel." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2998–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2998.

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The investigated super duplex steel belongs to the group of stainless steels which exhibits an austenitic-ferritic microstructure with a phase fraction of about 50% austenite and 50% ferrite. The alloy shows excellent general corrosion resistance as well as a good resistance against stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue and erosion corrosion. Due to these outstanding properties, the super duplex alloy is used in components for sea or waste water applications and in the offshore and chemical industry. In addition, the investigated super duplex steel exhibits a good weldability and a high strength in comparison to pure austenitic steel grades In order to optimize the production process and to provide a suitable microstructure to satisfy the customer’s requirements multiaxial forging test at various temperatures were performed in the Gleeble Maxstrain system. The force and the displacement after each anvil stroke were measured and used to distinguish the mechanical behaviour in the forging process at different thermal conditions. The recorded force and displacement is also compared with a multi step compression test to show the influence of change in the deformation direction. A certain number of samples were exposed an in-situ heat treatment after the deformation while other samples were immediately quenched after the forging to preserve the deformed microstructure, which was measured by optical microscopy and electron microscopy. Furthermore, electron back scatter diffractions scans were applied to characterize the degree of dynamic recrystallization during the forging process.

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Ryś, Janusz, and Małgorzata Witkowska. "Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Cold-Rolled Super-Duplex Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.151.

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The present examination is a part of project concerning a deformation behavior of duplex type ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. The investigations included the analysis of ferrite and austenite microstructures formed in cold-rolled sheet of super-duplex stainless steel, major deformation mechanisms operating in both constituent phases and changes in morphology of two-phase structure after the thermo-mechanical treatment and subsequent cold-rolling. Duplex type stainless steels develop the band-like ferrite-austenite morphology in the course of hot- and cold-rolling. This specific two-phase structure creates different conditions for plastic deformation in comparison to single phase steels. The interaction of both phases upon deformation exerts fairly significant influence on structure and texture formation in both constituent phases and in consequence affects the material properties and its behavior upon further processing.

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47

Hermanová, Šárka, Ladislav Kander, and Jakub Horváth. "The Effect of Cold Bending Process and Degradation at Boiler Conditions on the Properties of New Austenitic Creep Resistant Steel Super 304H for Boiler Super-Heaters Tubes." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.230.

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This paper is focused on evaluation of the plastic deformation effect, after the cold bending process for new austenitic material Super 304H designed for supercritical conditions. The aim of the project was to qualify the process of cold bending and then verify the properties of these bends in conditions approaching application. This paper presents the results of the plastic deformation effect on changes in the structure and mechanical properties at operating temperatures in corrosive environments coal combustion products and comparison to results before degradation. The tests were carried out on bends in two dimensions of tubes which are the most common sizes used in super-heaters for supercritical power plant boiler. The bends were produced by the method of cold bending on several bending radii in order to obtain information about the structure and behaviour of materials at various stages of deformation. To obtain reliable information tensile test, hardness test and metallographic examination were used on material from straight tubes of the bends and drawn parts before degradation and after degradation.

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Saida, Kazuyoshi, and Tomo Ogura. "Hot Cracking Susceptibility in Duplex Stainless Steel Welds." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.679.

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The hot cracking (solidification cracking) susceptibility in the weld metals of duplex stainless steels were quantitatively evaluated by Transverse-Varestraint test with gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and laser beam welding (LBW). Three kinds of duplex stainless steels (lean, standard and super duplex stainless steels) were used for evaluation. The solidification brittle temperature ranges (BTR) of duplex stainless steels were 58K, 60K and 76K for standard, lean and super duplex stainless steels, respectively, and were comparable to those of austenitic stainless steels with FA solidification mode. The BTRs in LBW were 10-15K lower than those in GTAW for any steels. In order to clarify the governing factors of solidification cracking in duplex stainless steels, the solidification segregation behaviours of alloying and impurity elements were numerically analysed during GTAW and LBW. Although the harmful elements to solidification cracking such as P, S and C were segregated in the residual liquid phase in any joints, the solidification segregation of P, S and C in LBW was inhibited compared with GTAW due to the rapid cooling rate in LBW. It followed that the decreased solidification cracking susceptibility of duplex stainless steels in LBW would be mainly attributed to the suppression of solidification segregation of P, S and C.

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Vinoth Kumar, M., C. Rajendran, and V. Balasubramanian. "Microstructure and Pitting Corrosion Characteristics of Tig Welded Joints of Super 304HCu Austenitic Stainless Steel." Practical Metallography 60, no. 8 (July 30, 2023): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2022-1034.

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Abstract Super 304HCu is an advanced ultra-super critical (A-USC) boiler grade austenitic stainless steel with the distinct addition of 3 wt.-% of Copper. A-USC power plants intended to operate in chloride rich environments (sea shore, feed water residues, etc.) are susceptible to chloride assisted corrosion failures. In this study, the pitting corrosion behaviour of the Super 304HCu parent material and tungsten inert gas weld joints was studied using a potentiodynamic cyclic polarization test in 3.5 % NaCl solution at three different pH levels (pH = 3, pH = 7, and pH = 11). The Epit values of the parent material is found to be much nobler than that of the weld joints. The micrographs of the pitted weld joints and the oxalic acid etched structure of Super 304HCu joints are presented. From the micrographs it is revealed that the heat affected zone is the most susceptible region to pitting corrosion.

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Sharma, Pratishtha, and Dheerendra Kumar Dwivedi. "Study on Flux assisted-Tungsten inert gas welding of bimetallic P92 martensitic steel-304H austenitic stainless steel using SiO2–TiO2 binary flux." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 192 (August 2021): 104423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2021.104423.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Super 304H Austenitic Stainless Steel'

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