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Journal articles on the topic 'Sundews'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Schlauer, Jan, and Andreas Fleischmann. "Refined taxon sampling discloses new quinone patterns and relationships among Sundews (Drosera, Droseraceae)." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn511.js500.

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In a screening of 43 accessions of predominantly Australian sundew species (Drosera), naphthoquinones were detected convincingly for the first time in D. section Lasiocephala (D. petiolaris group, or ‘wooly sundews’), where these metabolites remain restricted to a minority of four closely related species. Great chemical similarity across the large geographic range confirms a close phylogenetic affinity between taxa of the D. peltata species group (of D. section Ergaleium, from tropical and Eastern Asia to New Zealand). Drosera barrettiorum (D. section Arachnopus) is chemically confirmed as a close relative of D. hartmeyerorum. The recently described species D. margaritacea in the same section is chemically different from the morphologically close D. finlaysoniana. Quinone data for African and South American sundews (D. sections Drosera, Ptycnostigma and Brasilianae) shed further light on the affinities between these taxonomically challenging plants.

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2

Gibson, Robert. "Drosera capensis: some variation in cultivation and in the wild." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn494.rg752.

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The Cape Sundew (Drosera capensis L) is one of best known and most widely grown of all the sundews. Yet it remains poorly known in the wild. I present a summary of my observations of Drosera capensis in nature, from the study of herbarium specimens and the literature, and cultivated plants to present a current picture of its variation in cultivation and in the wild.

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3

Schlauer, Jan, Thomas Carow, and Andreas Fleischmann. "Quinones from 'Gondwanan' sundews." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn481.js693.

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The acetogenic naphthoquinones, plumbagin (P in this paper) and ramentaceone (= 7-methyl- juglone, M in this paper), are important chemotaxonomic markers in sundews (Drosera L.) (D rand & Zenk 1974; Culham & Gornall 1994; Schlauer & Fleischmann 2016; Schlauer et al. 2017; 2018). Most of the previous phytochemical data relate to the chemotaxonomy of the genus in Australia, where several endemic lineages have evolved into the bulk of the species diversity. In this study several taxa presumed to occupy crucial branching points in the phylogenetic backbone of the genus (Rivadavia et al. 2003; Fleischmann et al. 2018a) have been investigated together with taxonomically established representatives of the sections that account for the diversity of the genus outside Australia. The geographical distribution of these taxa is conspicuously Gondwanan (Brewer & Schlauer 2018), reminiscent of the former (pre-Cretaceous) coherence of South America, Africa (incl. Madagascar), Australia, and New Zealand.

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4

Snyder, Ivan. "Curious Natural Hybrid Sundews." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn322.is649.

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5

Bourke, Greg. "Pygmy sundews ' propagation and cultivation." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn434.gb524.

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6

D'Amato, Peter. "The savage garden: Cape sundews." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 25, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn252.pd195.

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7

Rice, Barry A. "The thread-leaf sundews Drosera filiformis and Drosera tracyi." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn401.br119.

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The thread-leaf sundews of the Eastern North America are spectacular plants with erect, tall, filiform leaves. Backlit in the morning or evening light, their leaves burst with sunlight. There are two thread-leaf sundews (also known as dew-threads), known as either infraspecific taxa within Drosera filiformis, or as Drosera filiformis and Drosera tracyi. In this paper, I review their history of discovery, the details of their ranges, and the arguments regarding whether the two taxa should be treated as one species or two. I also describe the morphological differences between the two sundews. In total, this paper summarizes the current knowledge for this group, and also serves as a progress report on my continuing work on these plants.

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8

Kovacik, Jozef, and Miroslav Repcak. "Naphthoquinones content of some sundews (Drosera L)." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn352.jk430.

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9

Schlauer, Jan, and Andreas Fleischmann. "Naphthoquinones in Pygmy Sundews (Drosera sect. Bryastrum)." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn503.js430.

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A detailed study of 44 accessions representing 38 taxa (76% of the diversity known at present) of pygmy sundews (Drosera sect. Bryastrum) reveals the first naphthoquinone patterns in this lineage, in which previous studies have not yielded reliable evidence for naphthoquinones. While most samples do not display detectable amounts of naphthoquinones as previously reported for the group, ramentaceone is detected in three mutually related taxa, and both ramentaceone and its regio-isomer plumbagin is present in all accessions investigated of D. pulchella.

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10

Gibson, Robert. "Variation in floral fragrance of tuberous Drosera." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn424.rg815.

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Floral fragrance is not widely developed in the genus Drosera, and little has been written about this feature. Interestingly, most species with fragrant flowers are found in Australia and comprise some pygmy Drosera (Drosera subgenus Bryastrum section Lamprolepis Planch.) such as D. dichrosepala Turz., D. enodes N.G.Marchant & Lowrie, D. paleacea subsp. trichocaulis (Diels) N.G.Marchant & Lowrie, and D. roseana N.G.Marchant & Lowrie (Lowrie 1987) and most of the tuberous sundews (Drosera subgenus Ergaleium) (Lowrie 1987), such as D. heterophylla Lindl. (Bourke & Nunn 2012), D. praefolia Tepper (Gibson 1995), D. prostratoscaposa Lowrie & Carlquist (Lowrie & Carlquist 1990) and D. rupicola (N.G.Marchant) Lowrie (Lowrie 1987). Five species of sundew with sweetly scented flowers have recently been reported from northern South America: D. amazonica Rivadavia, A.Fleischm. & Vicent., D. arenicola Steyerm., D. felix Steyerm. & L.B.Sm., D. kaieteurensis Brumm.-Ding., and D. solaris A.Fleischm., Wistuba & S.McPherson (Rivadavia et al. 2009); all of which are found in Drosera subgenus Drosera section Oosperma Schlauer. This paper presents a summary of my observations of floral fragrance in the tuberous sundew (Drosera subgenus Ergaleium (DC.) Drude).

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11

Oliver, F. W. "A MASS CATCH OF CABBAGE WHITES BY SUNDEWS." Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology 19, no. 1-3 (April 2, 2009): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1944.tb01138.x.

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12

Gibson, Thomas C. "Competition Among Threadleaf Sundews for Limited Insect Resources." American Naturalist 138, no. 3 (September 1991): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285251.

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13

Krueger, Thilo Alexander, and Andreas Fleischmann. "When three become two: Drosera coalara links Drosera citrina with Drosera nivea." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn491.tk924.

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The pygmy sundews (Drosera section Bryastrum) are the second-largest group of Australian Drosera in terms of species number following the tuberous sundews. According to the latest revisions (Fleischmann et al. 2018; Robinson et al. 2018) they currently comprise 51 species in southwest Western Australia and six named natural hybrids (Lowrie 2014; Lowrie et al. 2017). Within the pygmy Drosera, a wide range of flower colors can be found, ranging from pure white, various shades of pink, metallic orange, and red to yellow colors, quite often with bi- or rarely even tricolored petals (Lowrie 1989; Robinson et al. 2018). The color combination of lime yellow petals with white base has thus far been considered to be unique to D. citrina (Lowrie & Carlquist 1992; Lowrie 2014; Lowrie et al. 2017).

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14

Darnowski, Douglas W. "How to grow a ridiculously large number of sundews." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn333.dd557.

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15

Rivadavia, Fernando. "Four New Species of Sundews, Drosera (Droseraceae), From Brazil." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn323.fr632.

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Four new species are described from Brazil for the sundew genus Drosera (Droseraceae): Drosera tentaculata F.Rivadavia spec. nov., D. grantsaui F.Rivadavia spec. nov., D. camporupestris F.Rivadavia spec. nov., and D. viridis F.Rivadavia spec. nov. The morphological characters distinguishing these from other similar or related tax are discussed together with habitat information, detailed illustrations, and distribution maps. Drosera grantsaui and D. viridis are included in subgen. Drosera sect. Drosera, whilst D. tentaculata and D. camporupestris are included in subgen. Drosera sect. Oosperma. Furthermore. D. chrysolepis Taubert and D Oosperma. Furthermore, graminifolia A.Saint-Hilaire are moved from sect. Drosera to sect. Oosperma.

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16

Schlauer, Jan, Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer, Irmgard Hartmeyer, Holger Hennern, and Anja Hennern. "New sundew quinone and emergence data." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn481.js742.

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The acetogenic naphthoquinones, plumbagin (P in this paper) and ramentaceone (7-methyljuglone, M in this paper) are important chemotaxonomic markers in sundews (Drosera L., Culham & Gornall 1994, Schlauer et al. 2017, 2018). Further accessions have been investigated, and the results are presented and discussed here.

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17

Darnowski, Douglas W., Melissa Celano, Steven Moberley, and Craig D. Lalor. "Vegetative reproduction during development in Australian pygmy and tuberous sundews." Acta Botanica Gallica 152, no. 2 (June 2005): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2005.10515465.

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18

Egan, Paul A., and Frank van der Kooy. "Coproduction and Ecological Significance of Naphthoquinones in Carnivorous Sundews (Drosera)." Chemistry & Biodiversity 9, no. 6 (June 2012): 1033–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201100274.

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19

Gibson, Robert. "Variation in Drosera pygmaea." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn434.rg635.

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Drosera pygmaea DC. grows naturally across wetter parts of southern Australia and also occurs in New Zealand, making it the most widespread of all pygmy sundews. It is aptly named thanks to its small size which makes it easy to overlook and challenging to study. However the effort to study this species has revealed some interesting morphological variation which is discussed here.

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20

Schlauer, Jan, Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer, and Irmgard Hartmeyer. "Chemistry and surface micromorphology of the Queensland sundews (Drosera section Prolifera)." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn483.js559.

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21

Sender, Joanna, Monika Różańska-Boczula, and Danuta Urban. "Active Protection of Endangered Species of Peat Bog Flora (Drosera intermedia, D. anglica) in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District." Water 14, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182775.

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Protecting endangered plant species is crucial to maintaining biodiversity. Currently, there is a rapid decline in the populations of many moisture-loving plant species throughout Poland. These include the entire genus Drosera, so this paper attempts to determine the main reasons for the decline of Drosera intermedia and Drosera anglica in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District. For this purpose, the habitat conditions, climatic factors of the sites, as well as the vegetation of their current and historically abundant occurrence were compared, and it was shown that an important reason for the receding of sundews may be changes associated with rising temperatures in the study area. In the case of Drosera anglica, a clear preference was observed for colonising sites associated with the shoreline of lakes, more hydrated and almost devoid of companion plants. For Droseraintermedia, on the other hand, it was revealed that it acclimatises to mid-forest peatlands, rich in magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and manganese, with moderate carbon content, medium levels of groundwater and air temperature, and low concentrations of organic matter. In addition, it was noted that sundew sites are characterised by lower diversity indices but a greater number of rare and protected species and significantly lower concentrations of iron and potassium.

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22

Jones, James M. C., Hugues B. Massicotte, and Arthur L. Fredeen. "Calcium and pH co-restrict abundance of Drosera rotundifolia (Droseraceae) in a Sphagnum bog in central British Columbia." Botany 94, no. 2 (February 2016): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2015-0136.

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The genus Drosera (sundews) is represented in British Columbia (BC), Canada, by Drosera rotundifolia (L.), Drosera anglica (Huds.), and their hybrid Drosera × obovata (Mert. & W.D.J. Koch). All three can be found in Sphagnum bogs of central BC, including those within the Aleza Lake Research Forest (ALRF) located 60 km east of Prince George. Vegetation patterns in bogs are known to be correlated with light, water, and nutrient gradients, and despite information being available on the influence of light and water on Drosera occurrence, little information is known about the role of nutrients. Here, we focused on a bog containing all three Drosera species, to determine whether nutrient levels are related to the abundance of the widespread species, D. rotundifolia. Univariate regression tree analysis between soil water chemistry and D. rotundifolia numbers indicates that D. rotundifolia is a calcifuge, preferring moderately acidic soil pH (>5.5) and relatively low calcium levels (<2.88 ppm). This study provides evidence that high soil water calcium and low pH limit the growth of D. rotundifolia in field populations. The physiology underlying this preference, how this is affected by hybridization between other sundew species, and how this mineralogical limitation interacts with other niche-defining factors to dictate the occurrence of D. rotundifolia are questions that remain to be answered.

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23

Volkova, Polina A., and Alexey B. Shipunov. "The natural behavior of Drosera: Sundews do not catch insects on purpose." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn384.pv481.

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The trapping behavior of carnivorous plants has attracted attention of naturalists for almost two centuries. With the most observations made in laboratories, the behavior of sundew in situ has not been studied enough. We observed Drosera leaf behavior in natural habitats with non-manipulative technique. Three leaf characteristics for two species (D. rotundifolia L. and D. anglica Huds.) from two regions (6 plants with 30 leaves) were continuously observed during 196 hours. Our observations show that changes of the leaf characteristics of two sundew species in nature are almost casual and likely only corrected by external factors such as relative air humidity and presence of fresh prey (“semi-accidental feeding”). We consider trapping leaves of the two studied Drosera species as transitional structures between active and passive fly-paper traps.

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24

Schlauer, Jan, Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer, and Irmgard Hartmeyer. "Quinone patterns and identification of Japanese Spider Leg Sundews (Drosera Sect. Arachnopus)." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn484.js448.

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The Japanese sundews that have previously been collectively called D. indica L. (especially after the influential Flora of Japan, Ohwi 1965:492) are being split up. Various authors (e.g., Watanabe 2013) are trying to re-establish or create one or two additional species assumed endemic to Japan, following the contemporary trend to recognize a number of segregate taxa in Drosera sect. Arachnopus (Greek for “spider leg”), the group that contains D. indica. Previous research (Schlauer et al. 2017, 2018, 2019) has demonstrated a rather unexpected diversity in the naphthoquinones that are characteristic for the different species now recognized in this group. While a few Australian species contain ramentaceone (7-methyljuglone), most contain the regio-isomer plumbagin (2-methyljuglone). So far, only D. indica s.str. (accessions from Asia and Africa have been investigated) contains both isomers in the same plant. The morphological diversity found in Japan thus prompted a chemical investigation, the results of which are reported here.

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25

Gibson, Robert. "Hypothesis of tumbleweed-like dispersal of Drosera seeds." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn494.rg377.

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Erect-growing tuberous sundews of Drosera subgenus Ergaleium section Ergaleium produce seeds of diverse size and shape. Seeds produced by such species as D. andersoniana, D. macrantha, and D. pallida are large and winged, and fit the classic model of those dispersed by the wind. However, many species in this section produce small, round seeds (e.g. D. gigantea, D. salina, and D. yilgarnensis) that appear better suited to dispersal by gravity or water than by the wind. I propose here, that long-distance dispersal of these species may also be facilitated by the transport of detached plant parts, with seed, by the wind.

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26

Gibson, Robert. "Drosera cuneifolia and D. admirabilis: Two rosetted sundews from The Cape Province, South Africa." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn314.rg997.

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27

Karlsson, PS, and JS Pate. "Resource Allocation to Asexual Gemma Production and Sexual Reproduction in South-Western Australian Pygmy and Micro Stilt-Form Species of Sundew (Drosera spp, Droseraceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 40, no. 3 (1992): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920353.

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Proportional allocations of current total dry matter (DM), N and P to early season asexual gemma production and late-season flowering and seed production were compared for eight pygmy rosette form and three micro stilt-form perennial pygmy sundews (Drosera spp.) in native habitat in south-western Australia. Mean allocations to gemmae for the smaller rosette species were 22% for DM, 60% for N and 38% for P versus 8, 20 and 23% (DM, N, P) respectively for the micro stilt forms. Allocations to mature fully formed seeds were extremely low, 1-8, 4.0 and 5.4% (DM, N, P) for the rosette forms, 0.7, 3-0 and 2.3% respectively for the micro stilt forms. The above values reflect the heavy bias towards gemma production, (8-52 propagules per plant per season across the 11 species) as opposed to that for seed (0-8 fully formed seeds per plant per season). Comparable information for the annual nongemmiferous pygmy sundew D. glanduligera showed end of season allocation of 66, 37 and 29% (DM, N, P) of total plant resource to inflorescences minus seeds, and additional amounts equivalent to 30, 59 and 69% to the 60 seeds produced per plant of this species in the study season. A detailed phenology of resource allocation across a full season of growth in second, third and fourth season plants of the rosette perennial D. closterostigma showed net seasonal losses in the total vegetative resource of N and of P in older plants attributable to apparent over commitment to asexual reproduction during the season of study.

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28

Baldwin, Mike. "Drosera anglica in Alaska." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn421.mb981.

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Little has been written about carnivorous plants in Alaska. Typically the literature has been limited to brief descriptions found in flora guidebooks, or a brief description of species and range. There are two sundews native to Alaska, Drosera rotundifolia and D. anglica. D. rotundifolia has been recorded from all across Alaska, while the literature on the distribution of D. anglica hasn’t been quite as clearly defined. Schnell’s (2002) range map shows a narrow distribution of D. anglica in Alaska limited to Kodiak Island in Southcentral Alaska. It is shown in neighboring British Columbia, so it is conceivable that it could be in Southeast Alaska as well. Hulten (1968) showed a greater distribution of locations across the state.

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29

Rivadavia, F., K. Kondo, M. Kato, and M. Hasebe. "Phylogeny of the sundews, Drosera (Droseraceae), based on chloroplast rbcL and nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA Sequences." American Journal of Botany 90, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.1.123.

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30

Konishchuk, V. V., and O. I. Skakalska. "Drosera in Ukraine: Ecological, сhorological specifics and phytosozonomical characteristics." Biosystems Diversity 27, no. 1 (February 9, 2019): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011901.

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The paper presents a chorologically systematized description of all taxa of the Drosera L. genus in Ukraine. We performed an analysis of environmental conditions, phytocoenotic characteristics and found new locations of sundew. We generalized the morphometric parameters and proposed a concept – “leaf roundness index”; and recommended including Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera x obovata in the next edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine due to the contraction of their habitat and their high degree of vulnerability to unfavourable environmental factors and anthropogenic impact; we reccommend growing Drosera ex-situ on the example of Kremenets Botanical Garden with further repatriation in-situ; proved the efficiency of the proposed methods of farming cultivation. The paper substantiates the complex of phytosozological criteria, measures for protection and reproduction of the endangered species of Drosera genus. We suggested a hypothesis about the independence of the taxon of Drosera x obovata. Despite the fact that Drosera longifolia x D. rotundifolia is generally considered to be sterile hybrid, individuals breed vegetatively, are fertile and retain germinability after germination, and have a clearly specific ecotype, sometimes loci are isolated from parent species. To isolate the Drosera x obovata as a single taxon, additional phylogenetic studies are needed, but as a rare, disappearing taxon it needs protection and background monitoring of populations. The area of greatest phytosozological value for sundews in Ukraine is Western Polissia (Volyn, Rivne regions) (D. longifolia – 31, 20 sites, D. intermedia – 31 and 30 respectively). Drosera longifolia is on average distributed slightly further south in Ukraine than D. intermedia, although both taxa are confined to the humid, boreal zone. D. rotundifolia is most widespread in the humid zone (Polissia, the Carpathians). Despite the presence of Drosera x obovata in the Cheremskyi, Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve, Shatskyi National Nature Park, and several landscape reserves, the taxon is continuing to disappear due to succession, afforestation, water regime change etc.

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31

Ravee, Rishiesvari, Faris ‘Imadi Mohd Salleh, and Hoe-Han Goh. "Discovery of digestive enzymes in carnivorous plants with focus on proteases." PeerJ 6 (June 5, 2018): e4914. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4914.

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BackgroundCarnivorous plants have been fascinating researchers with their unique characters and bioinspired applications. These include medicinal trait of some carnivorous plants with potentials for pharmaceutical industry.MethodsThis review will cover recent progress based on current studies on digestive enzymes secreted by different genera of carnivorous plants:Drosera(sundews),Dionaea(Venus flytrap), Nepenthes(tropical pitcher plants),Sarracenia(North American pitcher plants), Cephalotus(Australian pitcher plants), Genlisea(corkscrew plants),andUtricularia(bladderworts).ResultsSince the discovery of secreted protease nepenthesin inNepenthespitcher, digestive enzymes from carnivorous plants have been the focus of many studies. Recent genomics approaches have accelerated digestive enzyme discovery. Furthermore, the advancement in recombinant technology and protein purification helped in the identification and characterisation of enzymes in carnivorous plants.DiscussionThese different aspects will be described and discussed in this review with focus on the role of secreted plant proteases and their potential industrial applications.

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32

Schlauer, Jan, Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer, Irmgard Hartmeyer, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso, and Heiko Rischer. "Contrasting Dihydronaphthoquinone Patterns in Closely Related Drosera (Sundew) Species Enable Taxonomic Distinction and Identification." Plants 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081601.

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Dihydronaphthoquinones are described as constituents of sundews (Drosera), Venus flytraps (Dionaea), and dewy pines (Drosophyllum) for the first time. As in the corresponding naphthoquinones, these reduced derivatives may occur in two regio-isomeric series distinguished by the relative position of a methyl group (at position 2 or 7 in the naphthalene skeleton), depending on the taxon. Species producing plumbagin (2-methyljuglone, 1) do commonly contain the corresponding dihydroplumbagin (5), while species containing ramentaceone (7-methyljuglone, 2) also contain dihydroramentaceone (7-methyl-β-dihydrojuglone, 6). So far, only few species containing plumbagin (1) and dihydroplumbagin (5) additionally form dihydroramentaceone (6) but not ramentaceone (2). Thus, subtle but constant differences in the chemism of closely related and morphologically similar species reliably define and distinguish taxa within D. sect. Arachnopus, which is taken to exemplify their chemotaxonomic utility. The joint presence of quinones and hydroquinones allows observations and predictions on the chemical structures and the reactions of these intriguing natural products.

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33

Bourke, Greg. "Splash-cups, springboards, and sink or swim – Preliminary study of the strategies for vegetative propagule dispersal in Pygmy Drosera." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn502.gb841.

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The Drosera of the subgenus Bryastrum, commonly referred to as pygmy sundews are unique to the genus in that all bar one produce vegetative clonal propagules known as gemmae. These gemmae are thought to be dispersed via a novel adaptation known as a splash-cup, but little is known about its effectiveness or other strategies employed by the plants. In this preliminary study, the splash-cup was tested and its effectiveness measured. The role of the stipules, which form the walls of the splash-cup were also examined along with other features of the plants’ architecture. The splash-cup was found to play a critical role in gemmae dispersal while the theory that the stipules perform as spring-loaded catapults was unsupported. Additionally, gemmae were found to either sink or float depending on the taxon. Observational evidence is provided which suggests the structure of a gemma plays a significant role in the success of each taxon in its preferred habitat.

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Fleischmann, Andreas, Fernando Rivadavia, Paulo M. Gonella, Celeste Pérez-Bañón, Ximo Mengual, and Santos Rojo. "Where Is My Food? Brazilian Flower Fly Steals Prey from Carnivorous Sundews in a Newly Discovered Plant-Animal Interaction." PLOS ONE 11, no. 5 (May 4, 2016): e0153900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153900.

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Millett, Jonathan, Roger I. Jones, and Susan Waldron. "The contribution of insect prey to the total nitrogen content of sundews (Drosera spp.) determined in situ by stable isotope analysis." New Phytologist 158, no. 3 (April 16, 2003): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00763.x.

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Ivesic, Caroline, Wolfram Adlassnig, Marianne Koller-Peroutka, Linda Kress, and Ingeborg Lang. "Snatching Sundews—Analysis of Tentacle Movement in Two Species of Drosera in Terms of Response Rate, Response Time, and Speed of Movement." Plants 11, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233212.

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Drosera, Droseraceae, catch prey with sticky tentacles. Both Australian Drosera allantostigma and widespread D. rotundifolia show three types of anatomically different tentacles: short, peripheral, and snap-tentacles. The latter two are capable of fast movement. This motion was analysed after mechanical, chemical, and electrical stimulation with respect to response rate, response time, and angular velocity of bending. Compared to D. rotundifolia, D. allantostigma responds more frequently and faster; the tentacles bend with higher angular velocity. Snap-tentacles have a lower response rate, shorter response time, and faster angular velocity. The response rates for chemical and electrical stimuli are similar, and higher than the rates for mechanical stimulus. The response time is not dependent on stimulus type. The higher motility in D. allantostigma indicates increased dependence on mechanical prey capture, and a reduced role of adhesive mucilage. The same tentacle types are present in both species and show similar motility patterns. The lower response rate of snap-tentacles might be a safety measure against accidental triggering, since the motion of snap-tentacles is irreversible and tissue destructive. Furthermore, tentacles seem to discern stimuli and respond specifically. The established model of stereotypical tentacle movement may not fully explain these observations.

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Murza, Gillian L., and Arthur R. Davis. "Comparative flower structure of three species of sundew (Drosera anglica, Drosera linearis, and Drosera rotundifolia) in relation to breeding system." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 1129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-104.

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Whereas much attention has been given to the fascinating prey-trapping leaves of carnivorous plants, less research has been conducted on their flower structure and breeding systems. Accordingly, a comparative study of the floral morphology and anatomy of the three species of sundews (Droseraceae: Drosera anglica Huds., Drosera linearis Goldie, and Drosera rotundifolia L.) in Saskatchewan was performed to ascertain the presence of floral rewards for potential pollinators and to obtain pollen to ovule ratios, an indicator of breeding system. Utilizing light and scanning electron microscopy, differences between the three species were apparent in length of styles, number of placentas, anther and pollen colour, and structure of glandular trichomes on sepals. The occurrence of features unique to each species does not support the concept of D. anglica as a hybrid of the other two species. Flowers of all three species lack nectaries, although clusters of papillate cells that were reminiscent of secretory tissue were observed at the apices of anthers and at the summits of ovaries. Pollen to ovule ratios were low for all species, ranging from 9.0 to 18.7 in D. rotundifolia and D. linearis, respectively, suggesting an autogamous breeding system for each species.Key words: Drosera anglica, Drosera linearis, Drosera rotundifolia, Droseraceae, comparative flower structure, pollen to ovule ratios, breeding system.

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Dazé Querry, Natasha, Xavier Bordeleau, Karen A. Harper, and Sean P. Basquill. "Multiscale habitat characterization of herbaceous Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora on lakeshores in Nova Scotia." Botany 95, no. 6 (June 2017): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0267.

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Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora (ACPF) are a group of plants mostly inhabiting lakeshores along the Atlantic coast of the United States, with disjunct populations in Nova Scotia and Ontario. To better define their ecological requirements, the main objective of this study was to determine the factors (biotic and abiotic habitat components) influencing ACPF communities (distribution, species abundance, and richness) at both the landscape and local scales. On 16 lakeshores in southwestern Nova Scotia, we characterized ACPF communities and habitat within 20 cm square contiguous quadrats distributed along 20 m transects (landscape scale) and in 5 m × 5 m grids (local scale). Performing redundancy analysis (n = 16 transects), we found that at the landscape scale, shoreline slope and shrub species distribution influenced the quantity of suitable habitat available for ACPF, with mineral shorelines supporting higher ACPF richness. Using spatial generalized linear mixed models (n = 3125 quadrats in five grids), we found that elevation, vegetation elements (shrubs, sundews, graminoids), and substrate type mostly influenced ACPF presence and abundance. ACPF also showed inter-specific differences in habitat preferences. Defining ACPF ecological requirements at both the landscape and local scales is important to guide conservation and management actions in Nova Scotia and throughout their North American range.

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Coritico, F. P., and A. Fleischmann. "The first record of the boreal bog species Drosera rotundifolia (Droseraceae) from the Philippines, and a key to the Philippine sundews." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 61, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x691330.

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Gerschler, Sandy, Sebastian Guenther, and Christian Schulze. "Antibiofilm Activity of Sundew Species against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 13720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213720.

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Species of the genus Drosera, known for carnivorous plants, such as sundew, have been traditionally used for centuries as medicinal plants. Efficacy-determining compounds are naphthoquinones and flavonoids. Flavonoids possess a broad spectrum of bioactive properties, including biofilm inhibitory activity. Biofilms render antibiotics ineffective, contributing to the current rise in antimicrobial resistance. In this study, the biofilm inhibitory activity of two European sundew species (Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera intermedia) grown agriculturally in Germany and four commercial sundew products (declared as Drosera longifolia, Drosera sp. and Drosera planta trit.) against three multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains was tested. The aim of the study was to comparatively investigate the biofilm inhibitory potential of sundew species extracts grown locally in northern Germany and commercial sundew products. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of the European sundew species was approx. 35 µg mL−1. In comparison, commercial sundew products ranged in concentration from 75 to 140 µg mL−1. Additionally, individual compounds isolated from European sundew were tested. Among these compounds, biofilm inhibitory activity was determined for four of the eight substances, with 2″-O-galloyl hyperoside standing out for its activity (38 µg mL−1). The whole plant extracts of Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera intermedia proved to be more effective than the commercial products and the single compounds in its biofilm inhibition activity against Escherichia coli strains. Sundew extracts may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for targeting biofilm production.

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tmstringfellow. "sundays." Transition, no. 121 (2016): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/transition.121.1.27.

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Carroll, Peter Neil. "Sundown." Radical Teacher 112 (October 23, 2018): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2018.512.

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Miller, David. "Sundays." Callaloo 16, no. 3 (1993): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2932225.

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44

Murray, Laura J., and Lee Maracle. "Sundogs." American Indian Quarterly 18, no. 1 (1994): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185768.

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45

Tienaho, Jenni, Dhanik Reshamwala, Maarit Karonen, Niko Silvan, Leila Korpela, Varpu Marjomäki, and Tytti Sarjala. "Field-Grown and In Vitro Propagated Round-Leaved Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) Show Differences in Metabolic Profiles and Biological Activities." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 3581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123581.

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Drosera rotundifolia L. is a carnivorous plant used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. Because of its small size, its collection in nature is laborious and different cultivation methods have been studied to ensure availability. However, only a few studies exist where the lab-grown sundew tissue and field-grown sundew would have been compared in their functionality or metabolic profiles. In this study, the antioxidant and antiviral activities of lab-grown and field-grown sundew extracts and their metabolic profiles are examined. The effect of drying methods on the chromatographic profile of the extracts is also shown. Antioxidant activity was significantly higher (5–6 times) in field-grown sundew but antiviral activity against enterovirus strains coxsackievirus A9 and B3 was similar in higher extract concentrations (cell viability ca. 90%). Metabolic profiles showed that the majority of the identified compounds were the same but field-grown sundew contained higher numbers and amounts of secondary metabolites. Freeze-drying, herbal dryer, and oven or room temperature drying of the extract significantly decreased the metabolite content from −72% up to −100%. Freezing was the best option to preserve the metabolic composition of the sundew extract. In conclusion, when accurately handled, the lab-grown sundew possesses promising antiviral properties, but the secondary metabolite content needs to be higher for it to be considered as a good alternative for the field-grown sundew.

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Huang, Yujian, Yongzhong Wang, Leming Sun, Richa Agrawal, and Mingjun Zhang. "Sundew adhesive: a naturally occurring hydrogel." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 107 (June 2015): 20150226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0226.

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Bioadhesives have drawn increasing interest in recent years, owing to their eco-friendly, biocompatible and biodegradable nature. As a typical bioadhesive, sticky exudate observed on the stalked glands of sundew plants aids in the capture of insects and this viscoelastic adhesive has triggered extensive interests in revealing the implied adhesion mechanisms. Despite the significant progress that has been made, the structural traits of the sundew adhesive, especially the morphological characteristics in nanoscale, which may give rise to the viscous and elastic properties of this mucilage, remain unclear. Here, we show that the sundew adhesive is a naturally occurring hydrogel, consisting of nano-network architectures assembled with polysaccharides. The assembly process of the polysaccharides in this hydrogel is proposed to be driven by electrostatic interactions mediated with divalent cations. Negatively charged nanoparticles, with an average diameter of 231.9 ± 14.8 nm, are also obtained from this hydrogel and these nanoparticles are presumed to exert vital roles in the assembly of the nano-networks. Further characterization via atomic force microscopy indicates that the stretching deformation of the sundew adhesive is associated with the flexibility of its fibrous architectures. It is also observed that the adhesion strength of the sundew adhesive is susceptible to low temperatures. Both elasticity and adhesion strength of the sundew adhesive reduce in response to lowering the ambient temperature. The feasibility of applying sundew adhesive for tissue engineering is subsequently explored in this study. Results show that the fibrous scaffolds obtained from sundew adhesive are capable of increasing the adhesion of multiple types of cells, including fibroblast cells and smooth muscle cells, a property that results from the enhanced adsorption of serum proteins. In addition, in light of the weak cytotoxic activity exhibited by these scaffolds towards a variety of mammal cells, evidence is sufficient to propose that sundew adhesive is a promising nanomaterial worth further exploitation in the field of tissue engineering.

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Fleischmann, Andreas. "Drosera ericgreenii - Eric Green's sundew." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn423.af564.

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Drosera ericgreenii is a perennial sundew species from the Western Cape of South Africa, which was first discovered by Eric Green near the town of Franschhoek in Stellenbosch municipality, and which was formally described in 2008.

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Schlauer, Jan, Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer, Irmgard Hartmeyer, Holger Hennern, and Anja Hennern. "Sundew chemistry and emergence updates." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn471.js326.

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Hollier, Denis. "Bloody Sundays." Representations 28, no. 1 (October 1989): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.1989.28.1.99p0314i.

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Hollier, Denis. "Bloody Sundays." Representations 28 (1989): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2928585.

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