Academic literature on the topic 'Sunburn'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sunburn"
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Schrader, Larry E., Jianguang Zhang, Jianshe Sun, Jizhong Xu, Don C. Elfving, and Cindy Kahn. "Postharvest Changes in Internal Fruit Quality in Apples with Sunburn Browning." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 134, no. 1 (January 2009): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.134.1.148.
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Postharvest changes in flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) associated with increasing severity of sunburn browning of apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) were investigated over time in regular atmosphere cold storage. In 2005, ‘Gala’ apples were harvested at maturity and sorted into five classes ranging from no sunburn (Sb-0) to severe sunburn browning (Sb-4). Flesh firmness, SSC, and TA were measured on flesh tissue beneath the sunburned area of the apples at harvest and at monthly intervals for 6 months. In 2006, a similar protocol was used for ‘Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Granny Smith’, and ‘Fuji’ apples, except that these fruit quality traits were determined at harvest and after 3 and 6 months in regular atmosphere cold storage. Flesh firmness and SSC increased, but TA decreased both years in all cultivars as sunburn severity increased from Sb-1 to Sb-4. The patterns of higher firmness with more severe sunburn browning persisted during cold storage even though firmness in all classes of fruit decreased gradually with time in cold storage. The patterns of lower TA as severity of sunburn increased also persisted during cold storage, but TA declined more markedly in apples with more severe sunburn. The ratio of SSC to TA (SAR) increased as the severity of sunburn increased in all five cultivars. The SAR also increased dramatically from harvest to 3 and 6 months after harvest with ratios exceeding 200 in Sb-4 of some cultivars after 6 months storage. This occurred because TA declined very markedly as time in cold storage increased. Relative water concentration of tissue in sunburned areas of apples declined as the severity of sunburn increased, and helps to account for the higher SSC and firmness observed in sunburned apples.
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McLeod, Geraldine F. H., Anthony I. Reeder, Andrew R. Gray, and Rob McGee. "Unintended Sunburn: A Potential Target for Sun Protection Messages." Journal of Skin Cancer 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6902942.
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New Zealand (NZ) has the highest melanoma incidence rate in the world. Primary prevention efforts focus on reducing sunburn incidence and increasing sun protective practices in the population. However, sunburn from excessive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) remains common. To reduce sunburn incidence, it is important to examine those individuals who experience unintended sunburn. This study aims to use data from the NZ Triennial Sun Protection Survey to describe respondents who were not intending to tan but were sunburnt after outdoor UVR exposure. Information on sociodemographics, concurrent weather conditions, sun protection attitudes and knowledge, and outdoor behaviour was also collected. The results showed 13.5% of respondents’ experienced unintended sunburn during the survey weekend but had not attempted to obtain a tan that summer. Respondents who reported unintended sunburn were more likely than others to have been near water and in unshaded areas, used sunscreen, had higher SunSmart knowledge scores, had lower positive attitudes towards tanning, and were outdoors for a longer duration with less body coverage. As sunburn was unintended these respondents’ outdoor sun protective behaviours may be amenable to change. Future public health initiatives should focus on increasing sun protection (clothing and shade) and reducing potential barriers to sun protection.
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Kim, Misun, Yosup Park, Seok Kyu Yun, Sang Suk Kim, Jaeho Joa, Young-Eel Moon, and Gyung-Ran Do. "The Anatomical Differences and Physiological Responses of Sunburned Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruits." Plants 11, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141801.
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Sunburn causes fruit browning and other physiological symptoms, reducing fruit production and quality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anatomical differences and abiotic stress responses in ‘Nichinan 1 gou’ satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) according to the severity of sunburn damage (five grades: control, no sunburn; I to IV, increasing severity of sunburn). Additionally, the quality of sunburned and non-sunburned fruits was compared, and the sunburn-inducing temperature was estimated. Anatomical observations confirmed that with increased severity of symptoms, the damage to fruit rind surface and oil glands was increased. In the analysis of peel pigments, chlorophyll content in the rind gradually decreased compared with IV, whereas the carotenoid content gradually increased up to III. The flavonoid content in the peel and pulp was the highest in III. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical analyses, the IC50 (the concentration of compound at which the percentage of inhibition is 50%) value was the lowest in grade III in peel or IV in pulp, indicating a high free radical scavenging ability. The fruit quality analysis between sunburned and non-sunburned fruits showed differences in total soluble solid content, total acidity, firmness, coloration, and free sugar and organic acid contents, indicating a significant effect on fruit quality. In the heat tolerance tests on fruit rind in the laboratory and field, the damage was confirmed at temperatures above 47 °C.
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Felicetti, David A., and Larry E. Schrader. "Changes in Pigment Concentrations Associated with the Degree of Sunburn Browning of ‘Fuji’ Apple." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 133, no. 1 (January 2008): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.133.1.27.
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Significant changes in pigments were identified, quantified, and correlated to the changes in color associated with sunburn browning (SB) of ‘Fuji’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Apples were sorted into five classes: NB, no sunburn; SB-1 to SB-4, increasing severity of sunburn browning. A decline in chlorophylls a and b and reduced anthocyanin accumulation with increased sunburn severity were observed. A significant increase in total quercetin glycosides was seen with slight sunburn (i.e., SB-1) with most of the increase resulting from increased quercetin 3-galactoside and quercetin 3-glucoside + quercetin 3-rutinoside. Quercetin glycosides increased modestly from SB-1 to SB-4, but few differences were statistically significant. β-carotene increased in sunburned apples both years, but changes in SB-3 and SB-4 were inconsistent between the 2 years. The xanthophylls were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in SB-1 than in NB, but no difference was detected from SB-1 to SB-4. Lutein, a xanthophyll, showed no change as a result of sunburn in either year. Hue angle was highly correlated (P < 0.05) to the concentrations of total chlorophylls, idaein, and total quercetin glycosides. Despite minor differences between growing seasons, the overall trends of decreased chlorophyll and idaein, and increased quercetin glycosides and carotenoids persisted. Lower chlorophyll and anthocyanin concentrations observed in the sunburned apples allowed the yellows from the carotenoids and quercetin glycosides to be more prominent. Additionally, the increases in carotenoid and quercetin glycoside concentrations of sunburned apples made the change in color more striking.
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Miller, Dylan T., Zoe Baccam, and Robin B. Harris. "Association of Sun Safety Behaviors and Barriers with Sunburn History in College Students in a Region with High UV Exposure." Current Oncology 29, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 9671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29120759.
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Over five million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed each year in the United States with melanoma the third most common cancer in young adults. While publications have shown that sunburns increase the risk of developing melanoma throughout the lifetime including in adolescence and adulthood showing the importance of altering sun exposing behaviors throughout the lifetime, use of sun protection in college students remails low. In Fall 2019, an online survey of undergraduate students living on campus at a large southwestern university was conducted to determine the frequency of recent sunburns as well as sun protective behaviors and perceived knowledge of and barriers to sun protection. Associations between knowledge, behaviors, and barriers with self-reported sunburn were evaluated using logistic regression. Over 46% of 458 students reported at least one sunburn in the past three months and 21% reported having multiple sunburns in that period. Furthermore, 53% reported that they intentionally tanned their skin outdoors occasionally or more frequently, while 6.4% reported using an indoor tanning bed occasionally or more. Adjusted for skin sensitivity, recent sunburn history was associated with higher tanning activity scores and with high agreement that tanning was attractive (p < 0.01). This information can inform a more targeted series of intervention programming on the university campus.
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Fernandez-Quiroz, Eliana L., Lizeth Gonzales-Chachapoyas, Ana L. Alcantara-Diaz, Binz Bulnes-Villalta, Zulmy Ayala-Porras, and Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo. "Sunburns among beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru: frequency and factors associated." PeerJ 9 (June 9, 2021): e11473. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11473.
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Background Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has increased skin cancer incidence and the risk of sunburns, especially during the summer months. Objective Identify the frequency and factors associated with sunburns in a sample of beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of a previous study that assessed the awareness, behavior and attitudes concerning sun exposure among beachgoers. We included adults between 18 and 59 years who went to a beach in northern Peru during summer (March 2018). Three generalized linear models of the Poisson family were constructed to evaluate the factors associated with having had at least one sunburn last summer. All regression models reported the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Of a total of 402 participants, 225 (56.0%) had one to five sunburns and 25 (6.2%) had six or more. Beachgoers who were 1–15 days (aPR: 1.16, 95% CI [1.05–1.27]) or more than 15 days (aPR: 1.22, 95% CI [1.09–1.36]) exposed to the sun on the beach had a higher frequency of at least one sunburn. The non-regular wearing of a hat or cap also increased the frequency of sunburns (aPR: 1.06, 95% CI [1.01–1.12]). In contrast, those who had Skin Phototype III (aPR: 0.94, 95% CI [0.88–0.99]) or IV (aPR: 0.69, 95% CI [0.63–0.75]) had a lower frequency of sunburns. Conclusion Three out of five beachgoers had one or more sunburns in the last summer. The factors associated with a higher frequency were the time of sun exposure at the beach and the non-regular use of a hat or cap. Type III–IV skin phototypes were associated with a lower sunburn frequency.
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Walker, Robert. "Sunburn." Five to Seven 1, no. 2 (June 2001): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ftse.2001.1.2.16967.
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Cavallo, Joseph, and Vincent A. DeLeo. "Sunburn." Dermatologic Clinics 4, no. 2 (April 1986): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8635(18)30820-9.
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Walker, Robert. "Sunburn." Early Years Educator 5, no. 2 (June 2003): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2003.5.2.14625.
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Robinson, June K., Shiv Patel, Seung Yun Heo, Elizabeth Gray, Jaeman Lim, Kyeongha Kwon, Zach Christiansen, et al. "Real-Time UV Measurement With a Sun Protection System for Warning Young Adults About Sunburn: Prospective Cohort Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): e25895. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25895.
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Background Melanoma is attributable to predisposing phenotypical factors, such as skin that easily sunburns and unprotected exposure to carcinogenic UV radiation. Reducing the proportion of young adults who get sunburned may reduce the incidence of melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. Advances in technology have enabled the delivery of real-time UV light exposure and content-relevant health interventions. Objective This study aims to examine the feasibility of young adults performing the following tasks daily: wearing a UV dosimeter, receiving text messages and real-time UV-B doses on their smartphone, and responding to daily web-based surveys about sunburn and sun protection. Methods Young adults aged 18-39 years (n=42) were recruited in the United States in June 2020 via social media. Participants received the UV Guard sun protection system, which consisted of a UV dosimeter and a smartphone app. During 3 consecutive periods, intervention intensity increased as follows: real-time UV-B dose; UV-B dose and daily behavioral facilitation text messages; and UV-B dose, goal setting, and daily text messages to support self-efficacy and self-regulation. Data were self-reported through daily web-based surveys for 28 days, and UV-B doses were transmitted to cloud-based storage. Results Patients’ median age was 22 years (IQR 20, 29), and all patients had sun-sensitive skin. Sunburns were experienced during the study by fewer subjects (n=18) than those in the preceding 28 days (n=30). In July and August, the face was the most commonly sunburned area among 13 body locations; 52% (22/42) of sunburns occurred before the study and 45% (19/42) occurred during the study. The mean daily UV-B dose decreased during the 3 periods; however, this was not statistically significant. Young adults were most often exercising outdoors from 2 to 6 PM, walking from 10 AM to 6 PM, and relaxing from noon to 2 PM. Sunburn was most often experienced during exercise (odds ratio [OR] 5.65, 95% CI 1.60-6.10) and relaxation (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.03-4.67) relative to those that did not exercise or relax in each category. The self-reported exit survey indicated that participants felt that they spent less time outdoors this summer compared to the last summer because of the COVID-19 pandemic and work. In addition, 38% (16/42) of the participants changed their use of sun protection based on their app-reported UV exposure, and 48% (20/42) shifted the time they went outside to periods with less-intense UV exposure. A total of 79% (33/42) of the participants were willing to continue using the UV Guard system outside of a research setting. Conclusions In this proof-of-concept research, young adults demonstrated that they used the UV Guard system; however, optimization was needed. Although some sun protection behaviors changed, sunburn was not prevented in all participants, especially during outdoor exercise. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03344796; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03344796
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sunburn"
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Marais, Stephan J. S. "Sunburn control in apple fruit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50458.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sunburn on apple and pear fruit results in large losses of export volumes in South African orchards. Producers estimate that losses due to sunburn are often about 10- 20%. Knowledge of temperature thresholds for sunburn as well as technologies available to manage sunburn is important to increase producer earnings. The effect of evaporative cooling on fruit surface temperature and sunburn was evaluated on 'Cripps' Pink', 'Royal Gala' and 'Fuji' apples as well as 'Forelle' pears. Evaporative cooling was effective in reducing fruit surface temperature by 0.6-3.7°C. Apple fruit under evaporative cooling treatments appeared to have acclimatised and had significantly higher surface temperatures when dry (0.9-4.7°C) than non-cooled fruit. This acclimitasing effect could be due to a modification of the cuticular wax layer. Futher trials are needed to investigate the cause of this acclimatising effect. The acclimatising effect was not found on 'Forelle' pears. Sunburn was reduced significantly only on 'Royal Gala' apples. Spraying 'Braeburn', 'Granny Smith', and 'Fuji' apples with reflective kaolin-based particle film (Surround WP) significantly reduced sunburn on 'Braeburn', 'Granny Smith' and 'Fuji' apple cultivars. Surround WP applications reduced leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate. Four applications of Surround WP with a commercial blower sprayer increased total soluble solids in 'Braeburn' . Four applications with a blower and five applications with a tower sprayer resulted in increased fruit size, higher flesh firmness, and lower percentage starch breakdown in 'Granny Smith'. Surround WP treatments slightly improved fruit colour in 'Granny Smith' apples. Futher trials are needed to establish whether Surround WP can,be reliably and economically removed from apple fruit and to evaluate the storage quality of fruit cleansed in this way. The effect of fruit surface temperatures (24°C, 30°C, 33-35°C, 40-43°C and 48-49°C) for increasing periods of time (two, four, six or eight hours) on maximum quantum yield of fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was measured on exposed and shaded sides of detached 'Cripps' Pink' and 'Royal Gala' apples. Measurements were taken directly after removal from the chamber as well as 12 hours later to assess recovery. Permanent damage to Photo system II (PSII) occurred between 48-49°C irrespective of duration, with permanent damage possible at 42-43°C when exposure exceeded six hours. There were no meaningful differences in Fv/Fm between shaded and exposed sides of apple fruit after exposure to high temperature. Duration of exposure was important in lowering PSU efficiency in 'Cripps' Pink' but less so in 'Royal Gala'. 'Cripps' Pink' apples harvested later in the season appeared to be able to recover from heat stress better than apples harvested earlier in the season. However, we only studied the effects of high temperature on apple tissues. More research is needed to establish the reaction of apple tissues to high temperatures in the presence of sunlight.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sonbrand op appel en peervrugte kom jaarliks voor in Suid-Afrikaanse boorde en lei tot groot afnames in vrugte wat geskik is vir die uitvoermark. Produsente beraam dat verliese a.g.v. sonbrand jaarliks 10-20% beloop. Kennis van drempelwaarde temperature vir die ontwikkeling van sonbrand sowel as die tegnologieë wat beskikbaar is om sonbrand te bekamp, is van groot belang om uitpakke te verbeter. Die effek van oorhoofse besproeïng op vrugtemperature en sonbrand van 'Cripps' Pink', 'Royal Gala' en 'Fuji' appels sowel as 'Forelle' pere is ondersoek. Oorhoofse besproeïng het vrugtemperature betekenisvol verlaag in al die proewe. Dit wil voorkom of appels onder oorhoofse besproeïng geakklimatiseer het en dié appels het hoër skil temperature geopenbaar wanneer hulle droog was as die kontrole vrugte. Moontlik is die effek te wyte aan 'n verandering in die kutikulêre waslaag. Verdere proewe om hierdie verskynsel te probeer verklaar is nodig. Die effek is nie waargeneem op die 'Forelle' pere nie. Sonbrand is betekenisvol verminder op 'Royal Gala' appels. Toediening van weerkaatsende kaolin-gebaseerde partikels (Surround'" WP) het sonbrand betenisvol verlaag op 'Braeburn' , 'Granny Smith', en 'Fuji' appels. Surround® WP toedienings het blaarhuidmondjie-geleiding en die tempo van fotosintese verlaag. Vier toedienings van Surround® WP met 'n kommersiële waaierblaser het totale oplosbare vastestowwe (TOVS) beduidend verhoog in 'Braeburn' appels. Vier toedienings met 'n waaierblaser en vyf toedienings met 'n toring spuitkar het gelei tot 'n verhoging in vrugmassa en vrugferrnheid, en 'n verlaging in persentasie styselafbraak in 'Granny Smith' appels. Surround® WP toedienings het gelei tot effens beter kleur op 'Granny Smith' appels. Verdere proewe is nodig om te bepaal of Surround® WP op 'n betroubare en ekonomiese wyse van vrugte verwyder kan word in die pakstoor, en wat die hou-vermoë is van appels wat só behandel is. Die effek van vrugoppervlaktemperature (24°C, 30°C, 33-35°C, 40-43°C en 48-49°C) vir toenemende tydsdure (twee, vier, ses en agt ure) op maksimum kwantum-opbrengs van fluoressensie is gemeet op sonkante en skadukante van geplukte 'Cripps' Pink' en 'Royal Gala' appels. Metings is geneem direk na verwydering uit die oonde sowel as 12 ure later om moontlike herstel waar te neem. Permanente skade aan Fotosisteem II (PSII) het plaasgevind tussen 48-49°C ongeag tydsduur, met permanente skade ook moontlik by 42-43°C wanneer blootstelling aan genoemde temperature ses ure oorskry het. Daar was geen betekenisvolle verskille in Fv/Fm tussen skadu- en sonkante van appels na blootstelling aan hoë temperature nie. Die tydsduur van blootstelling was belangrik om PSII effektiwiteit te verlaag in 'Cripps' Pink', maar minder so in 'Royal Gala'. Dit wil voorkom of 'Cripps' Pink' appels later in die seisoen beter daartoe in staat is om te herstel van hitte stres as vroeër in die seisoen. Ons het egter slegs die effek van hoë temperature op appel weefsels ondersoek. Verdere proewe is nodig om die reaksie van appelweefsels op hoë temperature in die teenwoordigheid van sonlig te ondersoek.
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Makeredza, Brian. "Studies towards understanding sunburn in apples." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17908.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Research was carried out to increase the current knowledge on sunburn development and its control in apples. In addition to its chief causes, viz. high irradiance and high temperatures, water stress has long been thought to contribute to sunburn susceptibility. Certain fruit chemical and textural characteristics have also been suspected to increase sunburn, while it is not clear how factors such as crop load affect sunburn in relation to other fruit quality parameters. In red and blushed cultivars, sunburn could be underestimated due to masking by the red colour overlay. Half and total irrigation water were withheld for two weeks in ‘Cripps’ Pink’ apples while in a concomitant trial, mulching with vermicompost (plus a thin layer of woodchips), woodchips, plant compost and black geotextile were used to regulate plant water by reducing soil evaporative loss. Sunburn increased with an increase in moisture stress. Mulching had no effect on plant water status, but it generally enhanced plant photochemistry, reducing fruit surface temperature (FST) and sunburn. Chemical and textural characteristics of exposed, but non-burned ‘Cripps’ Pink’ apples were compared with that of fruit with induced and naturally occurring sunburn. Flesh firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) of induced and naturally occurring sunburnt fruit did not differ from each other, but were significantly different from the non-burnt fruit. Based on this, we concluded that sunburn induces textural and compositional changes in sunburnt fruit rather than some fruit being predisposed to develop sunburn due to their texture and chemical composition. Differences in heat stress tolerance, flesh texture and chemical composition of sun exposed and shaded fruit sides seem to relate to their light exposure history. The effect of crop load on sunburn and fruit quality were assessed on a fruit cluster level in 2008-09 and on a whole tree basis in 2009-10 in ‘Cripps’ Pink’. In 2008-09, sunburn, red colour and the proportion of first grade fruit decreased with an increase in number of fruit per cluster. Crop load did not have an effect on sunburn and fruit colour in 2009-10 although the lowest thinning severity seemed to increase sunburn severity while the proportion of first grade fruit was highest for the highest thinning severity. Fruit number per cluster had no effect on fruit size, while at the whole tree level, fruit size decreased with increasing crop load. Flesh firmness, starch breakdown, TA and TSS were neither affected by the number of fruit per cluster nor the crop load of the tree as a whole. Green ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, blushed ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Cripps’ Pink’, and full red ‘Topred’ were used to assess how red colour (anthocyanins) masks superficial sunburn browning and bleaching. The greater reduction in superficial sunburn, but not in sunburn necrosis in red and blushed compared to green cultivars with increasing red colour a month towards harvest seemed to confirm the effect of masking.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing is verrig ter uitbreiding van die huidige kennis oor die ontwikkeling en beheer van sonbrand in appels. Addisioneel tot die hoof oorsake van sonbrand, naamlik hoë irradiasie en hoë temperatuur, word waterstres gesien as bydraend tot sonbrandsensitiwiteit. Daar word ook vermoed dat sekere chemiese en teksturele eienskappe van die vrug sonbrand kan verhoog terwyl daar nie duidelikheid is oor hoe faktore soos oeslading sonbrand relatief tot ander vrugkwaliteitparameters kan affekteer nie. Die omvang van sonbrand in rooi en bloskultivars kan dalk onderskat word vanweë maskering deur die oorliggende rooi pigmentasie. Besproeiing is vir twee weke gehalveer of gestop in ‘Cripps’ Pink’ appels. Sonbrand het toegeneem met ‘n toename in vogstres. ‘n Deklaag van vermikompos (plus ‘n dun laag houtstukkies), houtstukkies, plantkompos en ‘n swart geotekstiel is toegedien om die plant waterstatus te reguleer deur evaporasie vanuit die grond te beperk. Die deklae het geen effek op die plant waterstatus gehad nie, maar het wel die blaar fotochemie bevorder en terselftertyd die vrugoppervlaktemperatuur verlaag en sonbrand verminder. Die chemiese en tekturele eienskappe van sonligblootgestelde ‘Cripps’ Pink’ appels sonder sonbrand is vergelyk met vrugte met geïnduseerde sonbrand en vrugte met sonbrand wat natuurlik ontwikkel het. Vrugvleisfermheid, totale oplosbare vastestowwe (TOV) en titreerbare suur (TS) van vrugte met natuurlik en geïnduseerde sonbrand het nie onderling verskil nie, maar het wel betekesnisvol verskil van vrugte sonder sonbrand. Ons het gevolglik afgelei dat sonbrand teksturele en komposisionele veranderinge teweeg bring eerder as dat sekere vrugte gepredisponeer word om sonbrand te ontwikkel vanweë hul tekstuur en chemiese samestelling. Dit kom voor dat verskille in hittestres toleransie, tekstuur en chemiese samestelling tussen die sonligblootgestelde en skadu kante van appels verband hou met hul verskil in sonligblootstelling. Die effek van oeslading op sonbrand en vrugkwaliteit in ‘Cripps’ Pink’ is ge-evalueer op trosvlak in 2008-09 en op ‘n per boom basis in 2009-10. Sonbrand, rooi kleur en die proporsie eersteklas vrugte het afgeneem met ‘n toename in die aantal vrugte per tros. Op ‘n per boom basis is rooi kleur en sonbrand egter nie deur oeslading geaffekteer nie. Die laagste vlak van vruguitdunning het wel oënskynlik die graad van sonbrand verhoog terwyl die hoogste vlak van vruguitdunning tot ‘n toename in die proporsie eersteklas vrugte gelei het. Die aantal vrugte per tros het geen effek op vruggrootte gehad nie terwyl vruggrootte afgeneem het met oeslading op ‘n heelboombasis. Vrugvleisfermheid, styselafbraak, TOV en TS is nie deur aantal vrugte per tros of die oeslading per boom geaffekteer nie. Groen ‘Granny Smith’ en ‘Golden Delicious’, rooiblos ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Braeburn’ en ‘Cripps’ Pink’, en volrooi ‘Topred’ is gebruik om die maskering van oppervlakkige sonbrandverbruining en –verbleiking deur rooi antosianien te bestudeer. Oppervlakkige sonbrand het minder toegeneem in die maand voor oes in die rooi- en bloskultivars as in die groen kultivars terwyl vrugkleur skynbaar nie die aanwesigheid van die meer sigbare sonbrandnekrose geaffekteer het nie. Maskering speel dus ‘n rol in die aanwesigheid van sigbare sonbrand.
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Stillwell, Joana. "a window the color of her sunburn." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4821.
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I use video and material fragments to investigate the collapse of virtual and physical spaces as memories, lived environments, and digital interfaces become overlaid and interchangeable. I am interested in the capacity for technology to propose alternative strategies in which to engage with the world as we continue to extend ourselves in new and enduring methods. Seemingly unremarkable fragments offer new potentials in questioning meaning, worth, and care within spaces of downtime, boredom, and play.
This document accompanies my thesis exhibition a window the color of her sunburn. It provides background information on selected fragments and residues from my own life alongside philosophical and art historical research, which informs my exhibition.
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LaBuda, Jared, and Paul Wojcik. "A Pilot Study Assessing the User Benefit of Skin Photoprotectants Perceived by University of Arizona Pharmacy Students." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623648.
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Class of 2012 AbstractSpecific Aims: To perform a pilot survey assessing the user benefit perceived by University of Arizona students regarding topical photoprotectants and their ability to prevent solar skin damage, including sunburn and carcinogenesis. In addition, to analyze the data obtained from the survey to identify incongruence between the FDA defined indication for the OTC sun protectants and the anticipated benefit expressed by University of Arizona students. Methods: An anonymous, paper based questionnaire consisting of four demographic questions and ten questions pertaining to sunscreen knowledge and use was distributed to students at the beginning of a full class. Questionnaires that were not at least ninety percent complete were excluded. All available students in the college of pharmacy in years one, two, and three were invited to participate. Main Results: Based on the survey analysis, 75% of pharmacy students have insufficient knowledge of FDA-approved use and guidelines for this class of OTC drugs. Conclusions: A need for training/instructional measures that aim at increasing adequate drug competency and consumer counseling skills has been identified in the area of FDA-regulated sunscreen products. An opportunity for an increased involvement of professional pharmacists in optimizing consumers' sunscreen selection and use has been identified.
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Amaro-Ortiz, Alexandra. "PHARMACOLOGIC INDUCTION OF THE MELANOCOTIN 1 RECEPTOR (MC1R) PATHWAY PROVIDES PROTECTION AGAINST SUNBURN AND ENHANCES EXPRESSION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN THE SKIN." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/toxicology_etds/9.
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The inability to tan properly after sun exposure strongly correlates with increased incidence of skin cancer. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a transmembrane Gs-coupled cell surface receptor found on epidermal melanocytes that transmits pro-survival and pro-differentiation signals mediated by the second messenger cAMP. Humans carrying loss-of-function polymorphisms in MC1R signaling exhibit higher incidences of skin cancers including melanoma.
This study focused on the physiologic effects of topical application of forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, in extension (Mc1re/e) K14-SCF animals, which model the fair-skinned UV-sensitive human. Twice daily application of the drug promoted accelerated pigmentation, increased skin darkening due to epidermal deposition of melanin pigment, and induced epidermal melanin, which protected the skin against UV injury as judged by “minimal erythematous dose” (MED). Moreover, MC1R signaling regulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes at the transcriptional level. The human melanoma cell line A375, known to harbor a loss-of-function signaling mutation in MC1R, was used to determine effects of cAMP stimulation on the expression of antioxidant enzymes. We observed increases in expression of genes that control the biosynthesis and regulation of glutathione including the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase, GPX, and glutathione reductase GSR. In addition, there is an increase in manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) at the protein level. There was accumulation of MnSOD in the mitochondria after pharmacologic induction of cAMP with forskolin. Addition of the oxidative agent H2O2 enhanced the expression of MnSOD at the protein level as early as one hour after MC1R stimulation. Oxygen consumption rate on mitochondria was measured using Seahorse analysis; pharmacologic activation of MC1R/cAMP signaling did not affect mitochondrial metabolism. In addition, topical application of a crude extract of Solidago inhibited UV-induced inflammation in K14-SCF mice. Several UV-induced cytokines, including TNF-α, were down-regulated at the transcriptional level after topical application of Solidago extract.
Together, these results indicate that MC1R signaling protects melanocytes from UV damage by regulating antioxidant enzyme expression and suggest that pharmacologic cAMP induction may be a useful preventive mechanism against UV-mediated skin sunburn and oxidative injury.
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Wright, Caradee Yael, and n/a. "UVR exposure of NZ schoolchildren." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070817.093312.
Full textAbstract:
Excess exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the only readily modifiable skin cancer risk factor, and childhood exposure is implicated in melanoma aetiology. To assist the design and evaluation of child sun protection interventions in the school and community context, this first comprehensive study used electronic monitors to record time-stamped, second-by-second UVR exposure of 325 children (from 28 randomly selected New Zealand primary schools) who kept a diary record of concurrent activities and sun-protective practices and completed a sun-related knowledge, attitudes and usual behaviours questionnaire. School principals and Health promoters (HPs) were interviewed about school and community sun protection efforts.
Using the Haddon matrix and Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion to guide research, four potential domains of influence were identified: the physical and social environments, protective products, and host (child). Two key outcomes identified were child UVR exposure and sun-protective practices. A path model was developed where potential influences on these outcomes included school, community, host factors (demographics, skin type, sun-related attitudes, and sun-related knowledge), and pattern of concurrent outdoor activity. Seven specific hypotheses were defined to investigate the effects of host, school and community factors on UVR exposure, sun-protective practices, and sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours.
To test for the effects of host factors, day of the week and activity on UVR exposure and sun-protective practices, linear mixed models containing these factors and interactions between Year level-sex, activity-Year level and activity-sex, accounting for clustering within schools and allowing for repeated measures, were applied. Logistic regression with a random school effect was used to assess differences in scored student questionnaire items. Structural equation modelling was implemented to consider associations between sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, and other explanatory factors for variations in UVR exposure and sun-protective practices.
Three of the seven specific hypotheses were supported. There were statistically significant differences in UVR exposure by sex, skin type, day of the week and activity, and sex-activity and Year level-activity interactions. Passive pursuits were associated with the highest UVR exposure rates compared to outdoor active, travel and unclassified pursuits.
There were statistically significant differences in sun-protective practices by sex, ethnicity and skin type, and sex-activity and Year level-activity interactions. Girls tended to have higher sun protection scores than boys, but were more likely to sunbathe and use sunscreen. Children identifying with Pacific Island ethnicities had higher scores than children with other ethnicities, and children with Fitzpatrick skin types I and II had higher scores than children with skin types III, IV and V.
School and community factors were not associated with UVR exposure, sun-protective practices, sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, but school and HPs� scores were relatively high, reflecting the significant time and effort spent promoting youth sun protection.
Trends for Year level indicated that whereas child sun-related knowledge increased with Year level, attitudes and behaviours supportive of sun protection declined. When considering sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours simultaneously, knowledge was only significantly associated with behaviours when mediated by attitudes. The study findings have implications for child sun protection interventions.
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Nicholson, Allison Frances. "The root environment as influenced by mulches, on two different soil types and the resulting effect on fruit yield and sunburn of 'Cripps' Pink' apples." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71960.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An investigation into the effects of different mulches on the root environment, encompassing physical, chemical and biological factors of the soil, on two different soil types was done in the form of a field trial on ‘Cripps’ Pink’ apples. Three organic mulches were tested: compost, vermi-castings and woodchips, as well as an inorganic mulch, geotextile fabric, and were compared against clean cultivation. The organic treatments resulted in improved physical conditions (lower bulk densities) in the heavier soil, as well as, a reduction in temperature fluctuations and a general increase in soil temperatures during the seasons, in both sites. The geotextile fabric treatment resulted in increased soil moisture levels in the top 40 cm, predominantly in the heavier soil. The compost treatment resulted in high soil moisture levels in the top 40 cm only in the lighter soil. The vermi-castings treatment achieved superior results in terms of changing the nutrient status of the heavier soil. It resulted in significantly higher pH, P (phosphorus), N (nitrogen), K (potassium), Mg (magnesium), Zn (zinc), Mn (Manganese), B (boron), as well as the cation exchange capacity and some exchangeable cations, such as, Na+ (sodium ions), K+ (potassium ions) and Mg+ (magnesium ions). The compost treatment resulted in significantly higher Ca (calcium) and Ca+ (calcium ions) in the heavier soil compared to the other treatments. The organic mulches, including the woodchips treatment, consistently resulted in higher mineral levels and therefore performed the best in this regard and did so in the heavier soil. In contrast to the heavier soil, none of the treatments were successful in ameliorating the nutrient status of the lighter soil, with the exception however of the increased percentage C as a result of the compost and vermi-castings treatments. The compost treatment realised consistently higher mychorrizael colonization in both sites, however, not always significantly higher than the other treatments. The vermi-castings treatment realised consistently lower plant parasitic nematodes numbers. Higher free-living nematodes were also frequently realised during both seasons and in both sites. The organic mulches therefore proved promising with regard to soil biota. The organic treatments, with the exception of the vermi-castings treatment, resulted in improved root number and distribution in the heavier soil. The vermi-castings treatment resulted in a superior root environment and did not need to enhance its root system in order to achieve good fruit yield and quality. In contrast, the geotextile fabric treatment performed better in this regard in the lighter soil. The geotextile fabric treatment also achieved the lowest weed counts, quantified as winter weeds, in both sites. Yield efficiency, in the heavier soil, and the incidence of sunburn in both sites, were influenced by mulching. In the heavier soil, the woodchips treatment resulted in the highest yield efficiency and the compost treatment consistently resulted in the highest incidence of sunburn. In the lighter soil the control treatment resulted in the highest incidence of sunburn. The vermi-castings treatment consistently resulted in lower incidences of sunburn. Due to the limited quantification of irrigation in this trial, the consequence of irrigation on different mulches was not evaluated and should be considered for future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Ondersoek na die effek van verskillende deklae op die wortelomgewing, insluitende fisiese, chemiese en biologiese grond faktore, is uitgevoer as ‘n veldproef of twee verskillende grondtipes, op ‘Cripps’ Pink’ appels. Drie organiese deklae is ge-evalueer naamlik: kompos, ‘vermi-castings’ en houtspaanders, asook ‘n anorganiese geotekstiel materiaal deklaag, en vergelyk met ‘n kontrole van skoon bewerking. Die organiese behandelings het verbeterde fisiese kondisies (laer bulkdigtheid) in die swaarder grond, asook ‘n verlaging in temperatuur fluktuasies en algemene verhoging in grondtemperature gedurende die seisoene in beide persele tot gevolg gehad. Die geotekstiel behandeling het verhoogde grondvog-vlakke in die boonste 40 cm in beide persele tot gevolg gehad, alhoewel dit meer prominent in die swaarder grond was. In sanderige grondperseel, het die kompos behandeling hoër grondvog-vlakke in die boonste 40 cm getoon as die ander behandelings. Die ‘vermi-castings’ behandeling het die beste resultate in terme van verbetering van nutrient- vlakke in die swaarder grond behaal. Dit het ‘n betekenisvol hoër pH, P (fosfaat), N (stikstof), K (kalium), Mg (magnesium), Zn (sink), Mn (mangaan), B (boron), katioon uitruilings kapasiteit en sommige uitruilbare katione soos , Na+ (natrium ione), K+ (kalium ione) en Mg+ (magnesium ione) as die ander behandelings in die swaarder gehad. Die kompos behandeling het betekenisvol hoër Ca (kalsium) en Ca+ (kalsium ione) in die swaarder grond getoon. Die organiese behandelings, insluitend die houtspaander behandeling, het dus in die geval, konstant die beste resultate te opsigte van hoër nutriënt vlakke in die swaarder grond getoon. Inteenstelling met die swaarder grond, het geen behandling daarin geslaag om die grondvoedingstatus van die sanderige grond te verbeter nie, met uitsondering die verhoogde persentasie C as ‘n resultaat van die kompos en ‘vermi-castings’ behandelings. Die kompos behandeling het konstant hoër mychorriza-kolonisasie teweeg gebring in beide persele, alhoewel nie altyd betekenisvol hoër as die ander behandelings was nie. Die ‘vermicastings’ behandeling het konstant ‘n laer persentasie plant-parasitiese nematodes getoon. Meer vry-lewende nematodes het ook gereeld oor die totale vier jaar wat die volledige proef gestrek het, op beide persele, voorgekom. Die organiese deklae toon dus belowende resultate in terme van biota. Die organiese behandelings, met uitsondering van die ‘vermi-castings’ behandeling, het verhoogte wortel ontwikkeling en -verspreiding in die swaarder grond tot gevolg gehad, Die ‘vermi-castings’ behandeling het ‘n besondere goeie wortelomgewing geskep en ‘n verbetering in die wortelstelsel om ‘n goeie opbrengs en kwaliteit te behaal, was nie nodig nie. Daarinteen het die geotekstiel behandeling beter resultate in die meer sanderige grond behaal. Die geotekstiel behandeling het ook die laagste onkruidstand in beide persele gehad. Opbrengs, in die swaarder grond, en die voorkoms van sonbrand in beide persele, is beïnvloed deur die dekgewasse. In die swaarder grondperseel het die houtspaanders behandeling die hoogste opbrengs getoon en die kompos behandeling, konstant die hoogste voorkoms van sonbrand. In die ligter, sanderige grondperseel, is die hoogste sonbrand voorkoms gemeet in die kontrole behandeling. Die ‘vermi-castings’ behandeling het die laagste sonbrand voorkoms getoon. Weens die beperkte kwantifisering van die besproeiing in die proef, is die gevolge van besproeiing op verskillende deklae nie ondersoek nie en behoort dit oorweeg te word in toekomstige navorsing.
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Buzzo, Célia Maria Vargas da Costa. "Fotoprotetores – otimização do processo de desenvolvimento, caracterização, estudo de estabilidade e avaliação em modelo animal." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/jspui/handle/tede/2904.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The importance of using effective and safe sunscreens is an undeniable reality, requiring formulators to obtain enough technical and scientific knowledge to overcome trade barriers. For this purpose was conducted this study using factorial design in the optimization of processes in order to achieve a stable formulation of a sun protection factor (SPF) of medium protection, with action against dermal damage induced by UV radiation. To evaluate the influence of the independent variables (type of wax, emollient and sensory modifier) on the dependent variables (pH, droplet size, conductivity, spreadability, stickiness and FPS), it was elaborated a factorial design 2³ with 8 formulations, which were characterized in relation to the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters. The results showed that the variables pH, conductivity and viscosity correlated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Confronting all correlation factors - response, the formulations selected for stability study were F1, F2 and F5. The stability results revealed that F1 significant difference for viscosity (T90 - environment), F2 for viscosity (T60 - environment and refrigerator) and F5 to pH (T90 - environment and ultraviolet light). For registration purposes, it was continued the research on the safety testing required by Anvisa in F1 formulation due to have lower cost. 30 Swiss mice were used (Mus musculus), adult males housed under temperature controlled light / dark cycle of 12 / 12h with standard food and water ad libitum. Animals received UVB irradiation stemmed from a Philips® TL 40W lamp / 12 RS, divided into six groups (n = 5). After being sacrificed it was obtained histologic sections of skin stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and measured the thickness of the skin layers and the number of nucleated cells for each animal. The histopathological results showed that the formulation chosen softened histopathologic skin changes with reduction of sunburn cells, the number of layers of nucleated cells in the epidermis and absence of inflammatory infiltrate in the subepidermal region, obtaining the expected protective effect. At the end the purpose of the study was achieved proving to be a very important work with scientific support, developed by factorial design, a not so used tool in cosmetology area.
A importância do uso de fotoprotetores eficazes e seguros é uma realidade indiscutível, sendo necessário que os formuladores detenham conhecimentos técnico e cientifico suficientes para ultrapassar as barreiras comerciais. Com esse propósito foi conduzido o presente estudo que utilizou o planejamento fatorial na otimização de processos a fim de obter uma formulação estável de fator de proteção solar (FPS) de média proteção, com ação contra danos dérmicos induzidos pela radiação UV. Para avaliar a influência das variáveis independentes (tipo de cera, emoliente e agente modificador de sensorial) sobre as variáveis dependentes (pH, tamanho de gotículas, condutividade, espalhabilidade, viscosidade e FPS), elaborou-se um planejamento fatorial 2³ com 8 formulações, as quais foram caracterizadas em relação aos parâmetros organolépticos e físico-químicos. Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis pH, condutividade e viscosidade apresentaram correlação por análise de variância (ANOVA). Ao confrontar todas as correlações fatores – resposta, as formulações selecionadas para o estudo de estabilidade foram F1, F2 e F5. Os resultados de estabilidade revelaram que F1 apresentou diferença significativa para viscosidade (T90 - ambiente), F2 para viscosidade (T60 - ambiente e geladeira) e F5 para pH (T90 - ambiente e luz ultravioleta). Para fins de registro, foi dada continuidade às pesquisas com os testes de segurança exigidos pela Anvisa na formulação F1 em virtude de possuir menor custo. Foram utilizados 30 camundongos Swiss (Mus musculus), machos adultos alojados sob temperatura controlada ciclo claro/escuro de 12/12h, com ração padrão e água ad libitum. Os animais receberam irradiação UVB provinda ® de uma lâmpada Philips TL 40W/12 RS, sendo divididos em seis grupos (n=5). Após serem sacrificados foram obtidos cortes histológicos da epiderme corados com hematoxilina-eosina (HE), sendo avaliada a espessura, o número de camadas de células nucleadas e o número de células de queimadura solar da epiderme, bem como a presença de infiltrado inflamatório na região subepidérmica de cada animal. Os resultados histopatológicos demonstraram que a formulação escolhida amenizou as alterações histopatológicas da pele, com redução do número de células de queimadura solar, do número de camadas de células nucleadas na epiderme e ausência de infiltrado inflamatório na região subepidérmica, obtendo o efeito protetor esperado. Ao final o objetivo do estudo foi atingido provando ser um trabalho de grande relevância e respaldo científico, desenvolvido por planejamento fatorial, ferramenta pouco utilizada na área de cosmetologia.
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Nahrung, Jason. "Vampires in the sunburnt country : adapting vampire Gothic to the Australian landscape." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16668/1/Jason_Nahrung_-_Exegesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
I first became enamoured with vampire Gothic after reading Bram Stoker's Dracula in high school, but gradually became dissatisfied with the Australian adaptations of the sub-genre. In looking for examples of Australian vampire Gothic, a survey of more than 50 short stories, 23 novels and five movies made by Australians reveals fewer than half were set in an identifiably Australian setting. Even fewer make use of three key, landscape-related tropes of vampire Gothic - darkness, earth and ruins. Why are so few Australian vampire stories set in Australia? In what ways can the metaphorical elements of vampire Gothic be applied to the Sunburnt Country?
This paper seeks to answer these questions by examining examples of Australian vampire narratives, including film. Particular attention is given to Mudrooroo's Master of the Ghost Dreaming series which, more than any other Australian novel, succeeds in manipulating and subverting the tropes of vampire Gothic. The process of adaptation of vampire Gothic to the Australian environment, both natural and man-made, is also a core concern of my own novel, Vampires' Bane, which uses earth, darkness and a modern permutation of ruins to explore its metaphorical intentions.
Through examining previous works and through my own creative process, Vampires' Bane, I argue that Australia's growing urbanisation can be juxtaposed against the vampire-hostile natural environment to enhance the tropes of vampire Gothic, and make Australia a suitable home for narratives that explore the ongoing evolution of Count Dracula and his many-faceted descendants.
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Nahrung, Jason. "Vampires in the sunburnt country : adapting vampire Gothic to the Australian landscape." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16668/.
Full textAbstract:
I first became enamoured with vampire Gothic after reading Bram Stoker's Dracula in high school, but gradually became dissatisfied with the Australian adaptations of the sub-genre. In looking for examples of Australian vampire Gothic, a survey of more than 50 short stories, 23 novels and five movies made by Australians reveals fewer than half were set in an identifiably Australian setting. Even fewer make use of three key, landscape-related tropes of vampire Gothic - darkness, earth and ruins. Why are so few Australian vampire stories set in Australia? In what ways can the metaphorical elements of vampire Gothic be applied to the Sunburnt Country? This paper seeks to answer these questions by examining examples of Australian vampire narratives, including film. Particular attention is given to Mudrooroo's Master of the Ghost Dreaming series which, more than any other Australian novel, succeeds in manipulating and subverting the tropes of vampire Gothic. The process of adaptation of vampire Gothic to the Australian environment, both natural and man-made, is also a core concern of my own novel, Vampires' Bane, which uses earth, darkness and a modern permutation of ruins to explore its metaphorical intentions. Through examining previous works and through my own creative process, Vampires' Bane, I argue that Australia's growing urbanisation can be juxtaposed against the vampire-hostile natural environment to enhance the tropes of vampire Gothic, and make Australia a suitable home for narratives that explore the ongoing evolution of Count Dracula and his many-faceted descendants.
Books on the topic "Sunburn"
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Stine, R. L. Sunburn. London: Archway, 1995.
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Stine, R. L. Sunburn. New York: Archway Paperbacks, 1993.
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Stine, R. L. Sunburn. New York: Archway Paperbacks, 1993.
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Sunburn Lake. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Penguin Books, 1990.
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Sunburn Lake. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Viking, 1988.
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Sunburn: A novel. New York: Hyperion, 1995.
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Stine, R. L. Sunburn: Fear Street #19. New York: Pocket Books, 1993.
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ill, Messerli Joe, ed. Bugs Bunny and his sunburned ears. Racine, Wis: Western Pub. Co., 1990.
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Nick, Hawken, ed. Why do I get sunburn?: And other questions about skin. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2002.
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The official suntanner's bible: The lighter side of dark. Washington, D.C: Acropolis Books, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sunburn"
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "sunburn." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 538. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_10217.
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Theisler, Charles. "Sunburn." In Adjuvant Medical Care, 326–27. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22898-320.
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Césarini, J. P. "Sunburn and Apoptosis." In Skin Cancer and UV Radiation, 94–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60771-4_10.
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Heidtmann, B., and O. Brandt. "Burns and Sunburn." In Common Skin Diseases in Children, 31–38. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1966-4_5.
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Simmons, John V. "Sunshine, suntan, sunburn." In Science and the Beauty Business, 144–47. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19705-7_15.
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Ashley, Laurence W. "Sunburn and sunscreen preparations." In Poucher’s Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps, 405–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1482-0_16.
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Jungnickel, Katrina. "Trees, Birds, Sunburn and Other Digital Interruptions." In DiY WiFi: Re-imagining Connectivity, 58–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137312532_5.
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Dey, Paola, Stuart Collins, Sheila Will, and Ciaran B. J. Woodman. "Randomised controlled trial assessing effectiveness of health education leaflets in reducing incidence of sunburn." In Debates and Dilemmas in Promoting Health, 177–80. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25349-4_19.
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "sunburnt." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 538. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_10218.
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Huang, Mou-Tuan, Yue Liu, Jian-Guo Xie, Harold H. Newmark, and Chi-Tang Ho. "Protective Effect of Dibenzoylmethane on Chemically- and UV Light-Induced Skin, Inflammation, Sunburn Lesions, and Skin Carcinogenesis in Mice." In ACS Symposium Series, 196–207. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0851.ch017.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Sunburn"
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Gross, Elad, and Asaf David. "Sunburn study of VOx microbolometers." In Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXX, edited by Keith A. Krapels and Gerald C. Holst. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2518089.
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Chudy, Milan, Jan Cimo, and Tatijana Kotus. "GRAPEVINE SUNBURN � HEAT AND DROUGHT." In 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/5.1/s20.051.
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Rezaei, Parnian, Abbas Hemmat, and Nima Shahpari. "Detecting Sunburn in Pomegranates Using Machine Vision." In 2018 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2018.8472430.
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Kawanishi, Toshimasa, and Yuko Sueda. "Ultraviolet Protection by Beach Shade." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57287.
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Ultraviolet radiation is divided into UV-A (320–400nm), UV-B (290–320nm), UV-C (under 290nm). Of these, UV-B may be cause serious health problem, such as cataracts, loss of skin immunity, and increase of skin cancer. For this reason, it is important to know how to protect human body against the UV-B radiation. Beach shade is very effective to prevent the radiation. The radiation enters to the shade from sun and sky. The first step is to measure the sky radiance distribution of sun and sky radiation spectrum. We calculate erythema action radiation from the radiation spectrum. Sunburn chart is made using distribution of the erythema action ultraviolet radiation. Using the Sunburn chart, the shade is designed for protect against the UV radiation.
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McCann, John. "ColorChecker at the beach: dangers of sunburn and glare." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Reiner Eschbach, Gabriel G. Marcu, and Alessandro Rizzi. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2045379.
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Amogi, Basavaraj R., Rakesh Ranjan, and Lav R. Khot. "Reliable image processing algorithm for sunburn management in green apples." In 2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor55389.2022.9964902.
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Uddin, Ahmed N., Ivica Labuda, Feng Wu, KamMeng Tchou-Wong, and Fredric J. Burns. "Abstract 4864: Aroma terpenes prevent UVB-induced sunburn in Skh1 mouse skin." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4864.
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Gaddameedhi, Shobhan, and Aziz Sancar. "Abstract PL06-03: Role of the circadian clock in skin cancer prevention and sunburn erythema." In Abstracts: Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; September 27 - October 1, 2014; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6215.prev-14-pl06-03.
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Kjeldstad, Berit, and Oddbjorn Grandum. "Temperature differences within the detector of the Robertson-Berger sunburn meter, model 500, compared to global radiation." In High Latitude Optics, edited by Knut H. Stamnes. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.163532.
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AlTarawneh, Ragaad, and Shah Rukh Humayoun. "Visualizing Software Structures through Enhanced Interactive Sunburst Layout." In AVI '16: International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2909132.2926066.
Full textReports on the topic "Sunburn"
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Chiang, C. J. SUNBURN: A computer code for evaluating the economic viability of hybrid solar central receiver electric power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6429589.
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BIZIKOEVA, L. S., and M. I. BALIKOEVA. SOMERSET MAUGHAM - MASTER OF CREATING CHARACTERS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-2-111-121.
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Purpose. The goal of the present article is to study various means of creating a literary character. Analyzing the creative work of a famous English writer William Somerset Maugham and basing on the story «The Kite» an attempt is made to scrutinize Maugham’s peculiar style and lexico-stylistic devices he employs to create the main female characters of the story «The Kite». The main methods used in the research are: the method of contextual analysis and the descriptive-analytical method. Results. The results of the research revealed that the peculiar characteristic of the protagonists of the story “The Kite” is the author’s strong presence. Portraying the characters of Missis Sunbury and Miss Bevan, Somerset Maugham pays special attention to precise description of their appearances and manner of speech. Employing various lexico-stylistic devices, S. Maugham creates extraordinarily vivid characters. Practical implications. The received results can be used in teaching Stylistics of the English language, stylistic analysis of the text as well as theory and practice of translation.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.