Journal articles on the topic 'Summary disposition'
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Goldberg, Scott. "Medical Discharge Summary—“Disposition: To the Street”." JAMA Internal Medicine 179, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.3603.
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Dharmananda, Kanaga, and David Ryan. "Summary Disposal in Arbitration: Still Fair or Agreed to be Fair." Journal of International Arbitration 35, Issue 1 (February 1, 2018): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2018002.
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Parties may well opt for arbitration as a dispute resolution method because it is fast, flexible, and allows for rapid disposition. Where attempts are made for summary disposition, the traditional view was to resist such processes for fear of offending the fair hearing rule. Close attention to the question, and to recent developments in institutional rules, and the treatment of challenges based on procedural fairness grounds, reveals a picture that is more nuanced than the traditional view. Together with a consideration of waiver provisions, this article considers summary disposition in the face of the requirement for procedural fairness.
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Krishnan, Ranjani, and Donna M. Booker. "Investors' Use of Analysts' Recommendations." Behavioral Research in Accounting 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 129–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria.2002.14.1.129.
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This study examines the factors influencing the decisions of investors who use analysts' recommendations to arrive at a short-term decision to hold or to sell a stock. Specifically we examine if the presence of analysts' recommendations reduces the tendency for investors to commit the disposition error, i.e., sell winning stocks too soon and hold losing stocks too long. We also examine whether the strength of supporting arguments to the analysts' recommendations affects investor decisions. Our results indicate that the presence of an analyst summary recommendation report reduces the disposition error for gains but not for losses. A strong form of the analyst summary recommendation report, i.e., one with additional information supporting the analysts' position further, reduces the disposition error for gains and also reduces the disposition error for losses.
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Silbert, Elizabeth, and Caline Mouawad. "A Case for Dispositive Motions in International Commercial Arbitration." BCDR International Arbitration Review 2, Issue 1 (June 1, 2015): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bcdr2015005.
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Practitioners and parties have criticized international arbitration in recent years for losing its competitive edge of resolving disputes swiftly. What was once an advantage has now become a source of concern and the impetus for a concerted effort to find a remedy. One remedy that has recently attracted attention is the summary disposition of claims. This article explores the power of arbitrators to hear and rule on dispositive motions, the scope of this power and recommended best practices in its exercise, and the necessary shift in attitudes within the arbitration community to accept and embrace dispositive motions.
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Alexander, Alicia CM, Adam Akers, Gary R. Matzke, Francesca T. Aweeka, and Donald S. Fraley. "Disposition of Foscarnet during Peritoneal Dialysis." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 10 (October 1996): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603001007.
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OBJECTIVE: To report the disposition of foscarnet in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. CASE SUMMARY: A 34-year-old man with AIDS received foscarnet for the treatment of esophageal cytomegalovirus. We characterized the clearance of foscarnet in this patient during continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). DISCUSSION: The foscarnet half-lives during CCPD and CAPD were 41.4 and 45.8 hours, respectively. These values are significantly greater than the half-life of 4.5 hours observed in patients with normal renal function and about half that reported in anuric patients undergoing hemodialysis during the interdialytic period. The CCPD and CAPD clearances of foscarnet were 5.8 and 4.5 mL/min, respectively; the CAPD clearances of creatinine and urea nitrogen were 4.1 and 6.0 mL/min, respectively. The patient's estimated total body clearance values of foscarnet during CCPD and CAPD were 9.8 and 8.8 mL/min, respectively. Thus, CCPD and CAPD augmented the patient's residual clearance of foscarnet by 145% and 105%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Since incremental increases in residual clearance of 30% or more generally will result in clinically significant changes in a drug's serum concentration, foscarnet dosage needs to be individualized for patients receiving peritoneal dialysis.
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황일호. "Effect of confirmed judgement in connection with summary trial and fine notice disposition." CHUNG_ANG LAW REVIEW 12, no. 3 (September 2010): 311–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21759/caulaw.2010.12.3.311.
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Guzner, Alex, Omar Bushara, Alexander Hou, Denise M. Scholtens, Kirsten Bell Burdett, Matthew Tate, and Priya Kumthekar. "Post-operative disposition and readmission rates in repeat resections for glioblastoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e14543-e14543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e14543.
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e14543 Background: Glioblastoma Multiforme is an aggressive primary brain tumor that will inevitably recur despite initial resection and maximal medical treatment, and re-resection is often pursued. Surgical resection has been shown to impact survival both in the upfront and recurrent settings, but it is unknown if subsequent resections impart worsened neurologic outcomes. The goal of this study was to evaluate patient’s post-operative disposition, hospital length of stay, and readmission within 30 days of discharge as a function of number of resections. Methods: This project was a retrospective chart review. Demographic information was collected regarding patients’ age, sex, IDH-1 mutation, and MGMT methylation status, and each patient’s discharge summary and hospital encounters were reviewed to determine length of hospital stay, location of disposition (home, acute rehabilitation facility, or skilled nursing facility), and readmission within 30 days of initial release. Univariate associations between each clinical predictor and outcome of interest were evaluated. Results: 162 patients with Glioblastoma as indicated on initial surgical pathology report met the inclusion criteria. 108 patients underwent two resections, 48 underwent three resections, and 6 underwent four resections. No statistically significant associations were observed between resection number and age, sex, MGMT methylation status, IDH-1 mutational status, disposition category, hospital length of stay, or readmission within 30 days. Disposition category after first resection was significantly associated with disposition category after second resection (p = 0.041) and readmission within 30 days after second resection was significantly associated with readmission within 30 days after third resection (p = 0.003). Hospital length of stay after second or third resections was not significantly different than a patient’s length of stay after first resection. Conclusions: These data demonstrate for the first time that subsequent resections are not associated with worse patient outcomes and that patient disposition after initial resection is an important predictor of disposition with subsequent resections.
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Szava-Kovats, M., J. Andruchow, P. Boiteau, E. Herget, and K. Solverson. "P020: Development and early experience with the Foothills Medical Center Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT)." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S71—S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.228.
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Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common illness with significant mortality without appropriate treatment. Its disease severity is variable, difficult to prognosticate and triage of severe PE remains a patient safety concern. Some PE may benefit from invasive and advanced medical therapy, but these decisions require complex multi-disciplinary coordinated care. We have launched a multi-disciplinary rapid response team at the Foothills Medical Center Hospital (FMC) to assist prognostication, treatment, disposition planning, and followup for high-risk PE: The Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT). Aim Statement: PERT has been implemented to improve patient-oriented outcomes however, as severe PE is infrequent, we initially target process measures. In the first year of PERT rollout, we aim for: 1) 100% of high risk PE be detected by emergency for PERT consult 2) PERT response be within 45 minutes of activation 3) PERT treatment and disposition be made within 1 hour of consult. 4) > 80% of patient dispositions match those informed by evidence-based risk stratification tools. Measures & Design: Through collaboration between emergency medicine, radiology, cardiac sciences, medical specialties and critical care, a collective evidence-based PE risk stratification/treatment pathway was developed. This has been disseminated to providers and embedding into electronic medical records (EMR) for computer assisted decision-making support. EMR data has been harmonized with standardized radiographic reporting for PE to cue reporting of high risk imaging findings. Standardized imaging and EMR prognostic factors flag high risk PE suggesting PERT activation. PERT standard operating procedures have been developed, including evidenced-based pathways for further therapy, advanced imaging, and subspecialized disposition planning. Clinical services meet quarterly, and review dashboard summary data on clinical adverse events, resource utilization, and time data of patient flow to revise PE care pathways. Evaluation/Results: PERT activations occur approximately 2 times weekly. Adherence to operating procedures is high. Feedback post implementation cites improved adherence to evidence-based practice, clearer communication, and faster patient disposition. Quantitative analysis of performance is limited by infrequency of cases. Discussion/Impact: Our project shows feasibility of a PERT service. Pre-implementation data is collected, and we are currently measuring these post. We suspect signal of improved patient-oriented outcomes will be detected with more cases.
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Piscatelli, Joseph A., Jisun Ban, Andrew T. Lucas, and William C. Zamboni. "Complex Factors and Challenges that Affect the Pharmacology, Safety and Efficacy of Nanocarrier Drug Delivery Systems." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010114.
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Major developments in nanomedicines, such as nanoparticles (NPs), nanosomes, and conjugates, have revolutionized drug delivery capabilities over the past four decades. Although nanocarrier agents provide numerous advantages (e.g., greater solubility and duration of systemic exposure) compared to their small-molecule counterparts, there is considerable inter-patient variability seen in the systemic disposition, tumor delivery and overall pharmacological effects (i.e., anti-tumor efficacy and unwanted toxicity) of NP agents. This review aims to provide a summary of fundamental factors that affect the disposition of NPs in the treatment of cancer and why they should be evaluated during preclinical and clinical development. Furthermore, this chapter will highlight some of the translational challenges associated with elements of NPs and how these issues can only be addressed by detailed and novel pharmacology studies.
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Munar, Myrna Y., Ian C. Doyle, and Mary M. Meyer. "Cyclosporine and Vancomycin Disposition During Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 29, no. 4 (April 1995): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809502900406.
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Objective: To report cyclosporine and vancomycin disposition during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD) in a 41—year-old heart transplant patient while in the intensive care unit at a primary and tertiary care teaching hospital. Case Summary: The patient received a 60—mg infusion of cyclosporine over 24 hours and vancomycin 1 g over 1 hour. Blood samples subsequently were collected and analyzed using whole blood monoclonal radioimmunoassay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay, respectively. Blood samples were measured every hour from the arterial and venous lines of the apparatus, as were ultrafiltrate drug concentrations. Drug clearance rates into the ultrafiltrate subsequently were calculated. Discussion: Measurements of ultrafiltrate detected no cyclosporine. A slight variation existed between arterial and venous drug concentrations, which was not statistically significant (p > 0.05, paired Student's t-test). Analysis of vancomycin samples revealed a steady decline of drug concentration, with 4.75% of the dose eliminated in the ultrafiltrate. Vancomycin arterial and venous concentrations decreased from 24.4 and 23.3 mg/L to 15.7 and 12.3 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions: Vancomycin is eliminated by CVVHD and it may be necessary for these patients to receive the drug more frequently. In contrast, cyclosporine is not removed effectively by CVVHD; therefore, replacement doses are not warranted.
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Olechowski, Piotr Artur. "Practical problems occurring against the backg round of the author’s personal rights." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 34 (February 17, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.34.3.
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In the article, the author points out the basic issues related to the personal component of authorship in copyright (personal rights). The issues raised include problems with the assessment when personal rights are infringed, views about the commonality of rights, the legal structure related to the disposition of personal rights and the analysis of the protection of rights after the author’s death. The article ends with a summary aimed at organizing all the issues analyzed in this work.
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Zariski, Archie. "Judicial Dispute Resolution in Canada: Towards Accessible Dispute Resolution." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 35 (May 30, 2018): 433–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v35i0.5789.
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This article argues that access to judges is an essential element of access to justice. Traditional civil litigation procedure aimed at preparation for trial that is complex, time-consuming and costly obstructs such access, especially for litigants without lawyers. To remedy this, the author proposes a summary judicial dispute resolution procedure comprising two stages: early judicial intervention followed by judicial dispute resolution that is determinative if necessary. At both points litigants would be given the opportunity to settle their dispute consensually, thus combining principles of self-determination with final disposition according to law. The proposal draws on and extends contemporary innovations in Canadian courts concerning summary proceedings and binding judicial dispute resolution. The new procedure should improve access to judges and thus access to justice.
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Lucas, Andrew T., Ryan Robinson, Allison N. Schorzman, Joseph A. Piscitelli, Juan F. Razo, and William C. Zamboni. "Pharmacologic Considerations in the Disposition of Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Preclinical Models and in Patients." Antibodies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib8010003.
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The rapid advancement in the development of therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), has created a novel mechanism to selectively deliver highly potent cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer. These agents provide numerous benefits compared to traditional small molecule drugs, though their clinical use still requires optimization. The pharmacology of mAbs/ADCs is complex and because ADCs are comprised of multiple components, individual agent characteristics and patient variables can affect their disposition. To further improve the clinical use and rational development of these agents, it is imperative to comprehend the complex mechanisms employed by antibody-based agents in traversing numerous biological barriers and how agent/patient factors affect tumor delivery, toxicities, efficacy, and ultimately, biodistribution. This review provides an updated summary of factors known to affect the disposition of mAbs/ADCs in development and in clinical use, as well as how these factors should be considered in the selection and design of preclinical studies of ADC agents in development.
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Velde, Rudi te. "Obedience as a Religious Virtue." European Journal for the Study of Thomas Aquinas 36, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejsta-2017-0005.
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Summary This essay explores Thomas’ thoughts about the virtue of obedience (based on STh II-II, q.104), which is particularly valued as a link between the moral virtues and the theological virtue of charity (love of God). Obedience generates in the human person the moral disposition required for all the other virtues, a disposition which consists in the readiness of the will to submit itself to the rule of God’s will. Reflecting on the question whether one should be obedient to God in every respect, Thomas is confronted with an objection pointing to the story of how God commands Abraham to kill his innocent son, which is prohibited by natural law. I use the scarce but intriguing remarks Thomas made in response to this objection to propose a meaningful interpretation of obedience as a religious virtue, essentially different from its distorted imitation which consists in an immediate identification of one’s own will with the presumed divine will.
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Aramini, James M., and Markus W. Germann. "NMR studies of DNA duplexes containing alpha-anomeric nucleotides and polarity reversals." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 76, no. 2-3 (May 1, 1998): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o98-063.
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We present a summary of our research to date on a family of self-complementary DNA decamers containing single alpha-anomeric nucleotides flanked by 3'-3' and 5'-5' phosphodiester linkages from the perspective of the salient NMR techniques employed to shed light on the structural and dynamic properties of these sequences. Research into this class of synthetic alpha-/ beta-oligonucleotides containing mixed strand disposition may have medical relevance given their recently documented efficacy as antisense therapeutics.Key words: nucleic acid NMR, alpha anomeric, polarity reversals.
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Li, Yuchen. "A Summary of Theoretical and Empirical Test on the Disposition Effect of Securities Investment Fund in China." Modern Economy 11, no. 04 (2020): 857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2020.114064.
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Sindik, Joško, and Žana Pavlović. "Izvori stresa kod odgojiteljica predškolske djece i njihove osobine ličnosti." Sigurnost 58, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.58.4.3.
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SUMMARY: The interaction of the personalities of teachers (including her/his disposition coping skills) and social, physical and technical environment contributes to the experience of stress at work, as well as the daily operation of teachers and the quality of their relationship with children. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of forecasting the general perceived stress and sources of stress based on criteria describing teachers' personality traits (optimism/pessimism, emotional competence, self-efficacy), seniority and variables of dispositional and situational style of coping with stress. The study included 336 preschool teachers in Split-Dalmatia County. Multiple measurement instruments were used: scale for the assessment of stressfulness, optimism-pessimism scale, general self-efficacy scale, social desirability scale, emotional competence questionnaire EUK-15, questionnaire on coping styles in stressful situations, and questionnaire on coping with stressful situations. Results show that the statistically significant predictors for two criteria, general experience of stress and interpersonal relationships as sources of stress, are work experience and dispositional coping with stress, focused on emotions. Statistically significant predictors for the criteria covering relationships with parents, children's behaviour and working conditions as sources of stress are self-efficacy and dispositional coping focused on emotions. These findings could help design and improve programs that aim to prevent stress, but also promote adoption of effective strategies for situational coping with stress, along with developing the skills of social interaction.
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Moore, M. C., M. J. Pagliassotti, L. L. Swift, J. Asher, J. Murrell, D. Neal, and A. D. Cherrington. "Disposition of a mixed meal by the conscious dog." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 266, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): E666—E675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.4.e666.
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The disposition of a mixed meal administered intragastrically was examined in 13 24-h-fasted conscious dogs, using the arteriovenous (AV) difference technique (and isotopic methods in 6 dogs). Postprandial net gut output totaled (in g of glucose equivalents) 42 +/- 6 glucose, 3 +/- 0.3 lactate, 2 +/- 0.2 alanine, and 0.2 +/- 0.0 glycerol. The gut oxidized 2 +/- 1 g of glucose, and 0.2 +/- 0.1 g remained within the intestinal lumen. Of the administered glucose 68 +/- 6% were accounted for, and volatile fatty acid production by the gut (n = 1) accounted for at least an additional 4%. Of the labeled glucose in the meal 82 +/- 5% appeared in the systemic circulation, an apparent overestimate of absorption of glucose from the meal. Cumulative net hepatic uptakes (in g of glucose equivalents) were 4.1 +/- 3.1 glucose, 12.1 +/- 2.1 gluconeogenic amino acids, and 1.5 +/- 0.2 glycerol. Net hepatic glycogen synthesis and lactate and CO2 production accounted for 6.2 +/- 4.1, 9.3 +/- 2.8, and 1.6 +/- 0.8 g of glucose equivalents, respectively. In summary, the AV difference method could account for the gut disposition of about two-thirds of the meal glucose. Nonsplanchnic tissues disposed of threefold more glucose than the liver. Net hepatic uptake of glucose equivalents as gluconeogenic amino acids was threefold > glucose uptake, and net hepatic uptake of gluconeogenic amino acids was > net gut release of gluconeogenic amino acids. In conclusion, the net hepatic uptake of glucose and gluconeogenic substrates provided adequate carbon for net hepatic synthesis of glycogen and production of lactate and CO2. In a net sense, peripheral tissues must have been the source of some of the gluconeogenic carbon taken up by the liver after the meal.
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Riyadi, Slamet. "Pengembangan e-disposisi Menggunakan Metode Exreme Programming (Studi Kasus BPKAD Kotawaringin Timur)." Generation Journal 4, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/gj.v4i1.14113.
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Abstract – The process of disposition of letters in BPKAD Kotawaringin Timur so far still relies on a manual process. The manual process will certainly not escape human error or the difficulty of tracking the disposition of letter history and can complicate the archiving process. Of these problems, of course an information system application is needed that can be used to handle the letter disposition process. The choice that is very likely to be implemented is to develop the system by direct appointment with a small number of programmers according to their budget.To develop the information system, it is necessary to determine a development method that is appropriate to the conditions of the agency. Of the several methods available, Extreme Programming is a software engineering process that tends to use an object oriented approach and the target of this method is a team formed on a small to medium scale. The extreme programming method can be used to create e-disposition applications with all the limitations of resources both in terms of HR and budget. The test results show that this application meets the acceptance criteria set forth in the user stories, so this application is fit for usewriting English title with a maximum of 10 words. Abstract is written here with a single paragraph. Abstract cover of introduction, methods and results achieved. Abstract includes reasons for selecting a topic or topics the importance of research, research methods and summary of results without any reference to the bibliography should describe research done explicitly by the sentences straightforward and clear. Abstracts must end with remarks about the importance of the results or conclusions shortly. A maximum of 200 words in Indonesian Times New Roman 10 point
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Reddy, Gangireddy Navitha, Chenkual Laltanpuii, and Rajesh Sonti. "Review on in vivo profiling of drug metabolites with LC-MS/MS in the past decade." Bioanalysis 13, no. 22 (November 2021): 1697–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2021-0144.
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Metabolite profiling is an indispensable part of drug discovery and development, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the drug's metabolic behavior. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry facilitates metabolite profiling by reducing sample complexity and providing high sensitivity. This review discusses the in vivo metabolite profiling involving LC-MS/MS and the utilization of QTOF, QQQ mass analyzers with a particular emphasis on a mass filter. Further, a summary of sample extraction procedures in biological matrices such as plasma, urine, feces, serum and hair as in vivo samples are outlined. toward the end, we present 15 case studies in biological matrices and their LC-MS/MS conditions to understand the metabolic disposition.
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Sprangers, Mirjam A. G., Jeff A. Sloan, Ruut Veenhoven, Charles S. Cleeland, Michele Y. Halyard, Amy P. Abertnethy, Frank Baas, et al. "The Establishment of the GENEQOL Consortium to Investigate the Genetic Disposition of Patient-Reported Quality-of-Life Outcomes." Twin Research and Human Genetics 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.12.3.301.
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AbstractTo our knowledge, no comprehensive, interdisciplinary initiatives have been taken to examine the role of genetic variants on patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes. The overall objective of this paper is to describe the establishment of an international and interdisciplinary consortium, the GENEQOL Consortium, which intends to investigate the genetic disposition of patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes. We have identified five primary patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes as initial targets: negative psychological affect, positive psychological affect, self-rated physical health, pain, and fatigue. The first tangible objective of the GENEQOL Consortium is to develop a list of potential biological pathways, genes and genetic variants involved in these quality-of-life outcomes, by reviewing current genetic knowledge. The second objective is to design a research agenda to investigate and validate those genes and genetic variants of patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes, by creating large datasets. During its first meeting, the Consortium has discussed draft summary documents addressing these questions for each patient-reported quality-of-life outcome. A summary of the primary pathways and robust findings of the genetic variants involved is presented here. The research agenda outlines possible research objectives and approaches to examine these and new quality-of-life domains. Intriguing questions arising from this endeavor are discussed. Insight into the genetic versus environmental components of patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes will ultimately allow us to explore new pathways for improving patient care. If we can identify patients who are susceptible to poor quality of life, we will be able to better target specific clinical interventions to enhance their quality of life and treatment outcomes.
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Verscheijden, Laurens F. M., Carlijn H. C. Litjens, Jan B. Koenderink, Ron H. J. Mathijssen, Marcel M. Verbeek, Saskia N. de Wildt, and Frans G. M. Russel. "Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for the prediction of morphine brain disposition and analgesia in adults and children." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e1008786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008786.
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Morphine is a widely used opioid analgesic, which shows large differences in clinical response in children, even when aiming for equivalent plasma drug concentrations. Age-dependent brain disposition of morphine could contribute to this variability, as developmental increase in blood-brain barrier (BBB) P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression has been reported. In addition, age-related pharmacodynamics might also explain the variability in effect. To assess the influence of these processes on morphine effectiveness, a multi-compartment brain physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PB-PK/PD) model was developed in R (Version 3.6.2). Active Pgp-mediated morphine transport was measured in MDCKII-Pgp cells grown on transwell filters and translated by an in vitro-in vivo extrapolation approach, which included developmental Pgp expression. Passive BBB permeability of morphine and its active metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and their pharmacodynamic parameters were derived from experiments reported in literature. Model simulations after single dose morphine were compared with measured and published concentrations of morphine and M6G in plasma, brain extracellular fluid (ECF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as published drug responses in children (1 day– 16 years) and adults. Visual predictive checks indicated acceptable overlays between simulated and measured morphine and M6G concentration-time profiles and prediction errors were between 1 and -1. Incorporation of active Pgp-mediated BBB transport into the PB-PK/PD model resulted in a 1.3-fold reduced brain exposure in adults, indicating only a modest contribution on brain disposition. Analgesic effect-time profiles could be described reasonably well for older children and adults, but were largely underpredicted for neonates. In summary, an age-appropriate morphine PB-PK/PD model was developed for the prediction of brain pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects. In the neonatal population, pharmacodynamic characteristics, but not brain drug disposition, appear to be altered compared to adults and older children, which may explain the reported differences in analgesic effect.
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Joe, Jennifer, Arnold Wright, and, and Sally Wright. "The Impact of Client and Misstatement Characteristics on the Disposition of Proposed Audit Adjustments." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 30, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50007.
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SUMMARY We present evidence on the resolution of proposed audit adjustments during a unique time period, immediately following several U.S. financial scandals and surrounding calls for reforms in auditing and financial reporting, which culminated in the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). During this period, auditors and their clients faced increased scrutiny from investors and regulators. In addition, auditors had to contend with changed incentives, a new external regulator (i.e., the PCAOB), and upcoming annual PCAOB inspections. We extend prior studies by considering a broader range of factors potentially impacting the resolution of proposed adjustments, including the effect of client tenure, strength of internal controls, and repeat adjustments. Data on 458 proposed adjustments are obtained from the working papers of a sample of 163 audit engagements conducted during 2002 by a Big 4 firm. We find that 24.2 percent of proposed adjustments were subsequently waived. The results indicate audit adjustments are more likely to be waived for clients with whom the audit firm has had a longer relationship, although the pattern does not reflect favoring such clients. We also find that adjustments are more likely to be waived for repeat adjustments. Data Availability: Due to a confidentiality agreement with the participating audit firm the data are proprietary.
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Kaczor, Mateusz, and Henryk Duda. "Application of a creative training model and the development of disposition to play among young 10-year-old footballers." Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences 30, no. 90 (June 30, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7770.
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Summary Introduction: Modern tendencies of football education lead towards teaching games for understanding based on the development of mental abilities which may result in players` game creativity. Aim: The aim of the study was to check the impact of the proposed by the authors creative model of teaching young football players on changes in the level of acquiring professional knowledge and the effectiveness of actions in game (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Materials and methods: The research was conducted on a group of football players from the Sports Club` Słomniczanka` Słomniki. The group consisted of 32 young players aged 10 (Junior E). The study was conducted from August 2016 to July 2017. The research used the method of pedagogical experiment and natural experiment. The technique of parallel groups (the experimental and control ones) was applied in the study. In the evaluation of players used the test of special knowledge and observation of players effectiveness in the game (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Results: The analysis of studies showed that creative training program based on intellectual teaching in comparison to the traditional method had a better impact on the level of tested parameters. It was proved by the results of yearly experimental research which shows substantial statistic intergroup differentiation of the evaluation of special knowledge and effectiveness in game. Based on the correlation analysis, it was also found that there are significant relationships between the level of specialist knowledge and effectiveness in game (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Summary: Modern programs of football teaching should include creative methods of training giving opportunities to use special knowledge in solving alternative situations referencing to the specific of the game.
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Omer, Thomas C., Marjorie K. Shelley, and Anne M. Thompson. "Investors' Response to Revelations of Prior Uncorrected Misstatements." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 31, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-10303.
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SUMMARY This study examines investors' response to the disclosure of prior-period waived misstatements under Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements When Quantifying Misstatements in the Current Year. Misstatement correction decisions typically are not observable, and financial statement users have little insight into the disposition of identified misstatements, a dimension of audit and financial statement quality. We find that investors respond negatively to the disclosure of SAB No. 108 misstatements, and this response is associated with the current-period auditor initially waiving the misstatement and client importance. Although SAB No. 108 misstatements were waived under prevailing materiality guidance, our findings suggest that investors interpret SAB No. 108 misstatements as indicating lower perceived audit quality. Data Availability: Data are available from the sources indicated in the text.
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Muñoz L., Fernando. "Not Only ‘Who Decides': The Rhetoric of Conflicts over Judicial Appointments." German Law Journal 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002236.
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A well-known maxim of all kinds of legal realism is that the identity of judges matters a great deal. The most famous account of this tenet is the apocryphal statement attributed to Jerome Frank declaring that what matters in the law is “what the judge ate for breakfast.” While Frank never put that in print, he did say that the “peculiar traits, disposition, biases and habits of the particular judge will, then, often determine what he decides to be the law;” in short, that “the personality of the judge is the pivotal factor in law administration.” A more epigrammatic and elegant summary of this position was given by none other than Carl Schmitt, who declared that “[w]hat matters for the reality of legal life is who decides.”
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Codoñer, Carmen. "Evolución en Los Diccionarios de Antonio de Nebrija, 1492–1512." Historiographia Linguistica 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.23.3.02cod.
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Summary The lexicographic activities of Antonio de Nebrija (1444?–1522) are present in his numerous works and their adaptations. They are different realisations of various kinds that more often than not exist in the form of a dictionary; the present study, however, deals primarily with nontechnical compilations of the lexicon. It first studies Nebrija’s sources and then the process by which the progressive amplification of lemmata took place, the modification of the criteria in the presentation of the entries, the evolution of his lexicographic concepts, and the like. In order to reach these goals the present paper analyzes, chronologically, the sources, the disposition and treatment of the entries in the vocabulary which accompanies his Latin grammar of 1481 as well as those found in the Latin-Spanish dictionaries of 1492 and 1512.
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Trevino, Lisa R., Noriko Shimasaki, Wenjian Yang, John C. Panetta, Cheng Cheng, Deqing Pei, Diana Chan, et al. "A Whole Genome Analysis Identifies SLCO1B1 as a Determinant of Methotrexate Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.214.214.
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Abstract Methotrexate is a major component in every treatment protocol for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Both beneficial and detrimental effects of methotrexate in ALL have been clearly related to methotrexate plasma pharmacokinetics, which vary substantially among patients. However the genetic basis of such variability remains largely unknown. Herein, we surveyed 600,000 germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine how inherited genetic variation affects the disposition of methotrexate among 434 children with ALL who received 3014 courses of methotrexate at 2 to 5 g/m2. Adjusting for age, race, gender and methotrexate regimen, the most significant SNPs associated with methotrexate clearance were annotated to a plausible gene, the organic anion transporter polypeptide, SLCO1B1. The three top SNPs included rs11045879 (P = 1.7 × 10−10), rs4149081 (P = 1.7 × 10−9), and rs2900478 (P = 2.8 × 10−8). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed among these three SLCO1B1 SNPs (r2=1) and with a known functional polymorphism in SLCO1B1, T521C (rs4149056, r2 = 0.86). The top two SLCO1B1 SNPs rs11045879 and rs4149081 were further validated (P = 0.018 and P = 0.017) in an independent cohort of 206 patients with ALL. Additional SNPs annotated to SLCO1B1 were identified and further validated. In a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, SLCO1B1 genetic variation remained significant and explained clearance variability comparable to that of other non-genetic factors including treatment regimen. SNPs in SLCO1B1 were also associated with methotrexate-related gastrointestinal toxicity (P= 0.03 to 0.0005, odds ratio 8.3 to 16.4). In summary, we have identified a candidate gene, SLCO1B1, which is strongly associated with the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate, an anticancer drug with a low therapeutic index in multiple treatment regimens. Although SLCO1B1 is widely recognized as having a strong impact on the disposition of many drugs in clinical use, based on in vitro data, it was not thought to have a major role in methotrexate transport or disposition. Our study demonstrates proof of principle that genome-wide tools in clinical pharmacologic problems can lead to the discovery of important and novel pharmacogenetic links between inherited genomic variation and drug response in humans.
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Hardman, Adrianne E. "Interaction of physical activity and diet: implications for lipoprotein metabolism." Public Health Nutrition 2, no. 3a (March 1999): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980099000506.
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AbstractObjective:To consider how physical activity interacts with diet to modify lipoprotein metabolism and comment on implications for human health.Design:An overview of lipoprotein metabolism is followed by a summary of the main effects of physical activity on lipoprotein metabolism. Interactions with dietary practice and the disposition of dietary lipid are reviewed, with comment on links with body fatness.Setting:Literature is reviewed in relation to the risk of atherosclerotic disease.Subjects:Although some data are presented on athletic groups, evidence relating to individuals with normal physical activity habits is mainly discussed.Results:Physical inactivity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and one mechanism may involve changes to lipoprotein metabolism. The consensus is that aerobic activity involving an expenditure of >= 8 MJ · week-1 results in an increase in HDL cholesterol and probably decreases in fasting triacylglycerol. These changes occur despite the spontaneous increase in the proportion of dietary energy from carbohydrate which accompanies increased exercise. For this reason, exercise may be a means of reducing the hypertriglyceridaemic and HDL-lowering effects of low fat (high carbohydrate) diets. Decreases in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are sometimes, but not always, reported in sedentary individuals beginning exercise. One mechanism linking all these changes may be alterations to the dynamics of triacylglycerol-rich particles, particularly in the fed state.Conclusions:The expenditure of considerable amounts of energy through regular, frequent physical activity increases the turnover of lipid substrates, with effects on their transport and disposition which may reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Liudvika Drazdauskiene, Marija. "An Idea of Higher Education Renewal." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & ARTS 8, no. 4 (September 9, 2021): 287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajha.8-4-1.
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Beginning with the briefest reference to the state of higher education today, this paper overviews moral and philosophical concepts of and disposition to education in ancient Greece from the works of Plato and Aristotle, takes a summary view of the subjects taught, sums up the subject content of liberal arts and the principles of rhetoric. The author assumes that even if a dedicated return to the classical ideals may never happen in higher education today, a few concrete ideas might be helpful. With reference to concrete works of classical authors, a suggestion is made to stop never-ending reforms in universities, to recover the teaching of such subjects as style in language and literature programmes, to renew the subjects of history, philosophy and logic and to introduce memory-based learning while paying tribute to classical antiquity and regaining local traditions.
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Zirkel, Perry A. "Summery Disposition." Phi Delta Kappan 88, no. 7 (March 2007): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003172170708800719.
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Karlsudd, Peter, Marianne Dahl, and Berit Willén Lundgren. "LESS TRADITION FOR MORE PROFESSION: AN ATTEMPT WITH THESIS PROJECTS IN PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 75, no. 3 (June 20, 2017): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/17.75.252.
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This research scrutinises the question whether an education profile with development-oriented thesis projects in teacher education programs can provide an increased professional relevance without losing scientific quality. The methodology used in the survey can be defined as a participatory approach in which field work, document studies and interviews form the basis for data collection. The suggested activities that students used were development-oriented methods. Before the project's implementation, instructional texts and supplementary examination criteria were written with a view to guaranteeing scientific excellence, with the main aim of improving professional relevance. The results show that the course tutor initially had some trouble communicating disposition and structure, which meant that some of the students at first had doubts. Despite this, the summary assessment is that the development-oriented approach implemented with scientific quality enhanced the students` readiness for future professions. Keywords: education, action research, teacher training, thesis projects.
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Vásconez, Ximena Bustamante. "The Mediated Settlement Agreement The Ecuadorian Experience." Journal of International Arbitration 28, Issue 3 (June 1, 2011): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2011023.
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There is no consent regarding the nature and effects that should be given to a Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA) in the international level. Consequently, some jurisdictions conceive it merely as a contract with the correspondent enforcement procedure, whereas others seek to provide it with a stronger effect homologating the MSA with a judgment or even an arbitral award. In this diverse setting, the Ecuadorian experience presents an interesting case of analysis because it provides the MSA with the same effects of a final judgment and of res judicata establishing a summary enforcement procedure. Such disposition provides the MSA with an original nature that in a way combines both contracts and judgments. Therefore, the document containing the MSA has been defined as an authentic instrument product of an alternative mechanism for the administration of justice, which provides it with the effects of a final judgment and of res judicata, and that contains a typified or nominated convention which essential characteristics are determined by the Arbitration and Mediation Law.
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Ehrhardt, Carsten, Per Bäckman, William Couet, Chris Edwards, Ben Forbes, Markus Fridén, Mark Gumbleton, et al. "Current Progress Toward a Better Understanding of Drug Disposition Within the Lungs: Summary Proceedings of the First Workshop on Drug Transporters in the Lungs." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 106, no. 9 (September 2017): 2234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.011.
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Dessemontet, François. "Projet de Disposition sur les règles applicables à la Déontologie dans les arbitrages internationaux et Projet de Code de conduite." ASA Bulletin 26, Issue 2 (June 1, 2008): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2008024.
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Summary: Conflicts of Rules of Ethics are common in international arbitration. The method to determine which rules on conduct are applicable for a given arbitration matter may follow the better known conflict rules of the European tradition of international private law.Characteristics of ethical rules will be taken into account, for example with regards to the consequences of their violation and the determination of the interests which are furthered by rules of ethics. The autonomy of the parties leads to admit their own common choice of given rules of ethics, even if it has to be implied from the circumstances. In the absence of choice, Counsels are subject to the rules which are common to all of them if they are not indequate in international arbitration, otherwise to the lex arbitri. The relations between each Counsel and his client are subject to the choice of the parties to these relationships.Reviews may be made by the Court of Appeal having jurisdiction for the award or by the Court of Recognition and Enforcement of the award.The appended draft Code of Conduct for Arbitration Proceedings Taking Place in Switzerland is aimed at showing that specific rules of ethics for international proceedings are conceivable.
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AbouAssi, Hiba, Cris A. Slentz, Catherine R. Mikus, Charles J. Tanner, Lori A. Bateman, Leslie H. Willis, A. Tamlyn Shields, et al. "The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combination training on insulin sensitivity and secretion in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT: a randomized trial." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 12 (June 15, 2015): 1474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00509.2014.
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Most health organizations recommend a combination of aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT), yet few studies have compared their acute (within 24 h of the last exercise bout) and sustained (after 14 days of no exercise training) effects alone and in combination on glucose metabolism. The present study (Studies Targeting Risk Reduction Interventions through Defined Exercise-Aerobic Training and/or Resistance Training) compared the effects of AT, RT, and the combination (AT/RT) on insulin action at both acute and sustained phases. Subjects ( N = 196) were 18-70 yr old (mean age = 50 yr), overweight (mean body mass index = 30 kg/m2), sedentary with moderate dyslipidemia, and were randomized into one of three 8-mo exercise groups: 1) RT: 3 days/wk, 8 exercises, 3 sets/exercise, 8–12 repetitions/set; 2) AT: equivalent to ∼19.2 km/wk (12 miles/wk) at 75% peak O2 consumption; 3) AT/RT: the combination of AT and RT. One hundred forty-four subjects completed the intervention. Eighty-eight subjects completed all pre- and postintervention testing visits. Insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and disposition index were measured via a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with subsequent minimal model analyses. AT/RT resulted in greater improvements in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function (disposition index), and glucose effectiveness than either AT or RT alone (all P < 0.05). Approximately 52% of the improvement in insulin sensitivity by AT/RT was retained 14 days after the last exercise training bout. Neither AT or RT led to acute or chronic improvement in sensitivity index. In summary, only AT/RT (which required twice as much time as either alone) led to significant acute and sustained benefits in insulin sensitivity.
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Waghmare, Akash, Anurag Luharia, and Suhas Tiwaskar. "Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT)." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 17855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.17855ecst.
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Altered mental status, which affects four to ten percent of emergency hospital patients, is a common symptom. Without a lot of information from the lab, radiography, and physical exam, determining the aetiology could be challenging. The provider's clinical judgement is used to guide the diagnosis procedure based on the available history. As a result, if a reasonable suspicion is not present when examining alternative reasons, less common diagnosis may be overlooked or delayed. CVST (cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) is an uncommon and poorly understood condition with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Summary: CVST is a rare yet life-threatening condition that strikes teenagers and young adults. Its natural manifestations might range from mild to spectacular and deep. However, if detected early enough, adequate therapy can often lead to total recovery. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Venography (MRV) is the current gold standard for diagnosing CVST, while Computed Tomography Venography (CTV) has been demonstrated to be almost as good in detecting CVST. When MRV is not easily available, this is critical because it speeds up the virus's disposition and the initiation of anticoagulant medication.
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Lofton, Kathryn. "The Body (Under Review):On Manuel Vásquez’s More than Belief." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 24, no. 4-5 (2012): 482–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341242.
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Abstract What sort of critique of religious studies will enjoin religious studies to think about its premises? This essay evaluates an important contemporary critique of the study of religion, Manuel Vásquez’s More than Belief. The author provides a summary of Vásquez’s argument, and then turns to an analysis of Vásquez’s evidence. In More than Belief, Vásquez tracks the development and effects of mind-body dualism on the study of religion. The differentiation between mind and body is a problem for analysts of religion, Vásquez explains, because religious ideas wrestle so directly with that differentiation, and because scholars seeking to explain religion have often imagined themselves to be countering religious supernaturalism with a materialist empiricism. This is, Vásquez explains, a reductive materialism. Vásquez thus offers an account of how matter came not to matter in the specific effort to explain religion, which Vásquez describes as the somatophobia of religious studies. Borrowing from Vásquez’s emphasis on embodiment and emplacement, the reviewer questions Vásquez’s readings of philosophical materials in his admirable effort to correct a disciplinary disposition for our hermeneutic betterment.
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Cupp, Melanie Johns, and Gerald M. Higa. "Doxorubicin Dosage Guidelines in a Patient with Hyperbilirubinemia of Gilbert's Syndrome." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32, no. 10 (October 1998): 1026–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.17334.
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OBJECTIVE: To reconcile dosage modification guidelines for doxorubicin in a patient with hyperbilirubinemia of Gilbert's syndrome (GS). CASE SUMMARY: A 62-year-old white man with concurrent diagnoses of large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and GS was treated with standard doses of a doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy regimen. No increase of end-organ toxicity was observed during four treatment cycles. DISCUSSION: The relative prevalence of GS coupled with the rising incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increases the probability that both disorders will be present in the same individual. A MEDLINE search (1966 through July 1997) revealed little, and often conflicting, information pertaining to drug metabolism and disposition in GS. In addition, no information has been reported regarding the metabolic fate of doxorubicin in these patients. It is important to emphasize that the lack of enhanced extramedullary toxicity in this patient is not conclusive evidence that the hepatic abnormality of GS had no effect on doxorubicin metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Based on information regarding mechanisms for hepatic clearance, dosage modification of doxorubicin may not be necessary in hyperbilirubinemia of GS.
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Zutshi, Anup, Berend Neuteboom, Seema Kumar, Willem Sloot, Christine Knuehl, Julia Dotterweich, Jianguo Ma, et al. "Abstract 5423: Translational PK/PD/efficacy modeling and efficacious human dose prediction for a first-in-class MUC1-EGFR (M1231) bispecific antibody drug conjugate." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5423.
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Abstract Introduction: M1231 is a first-in-class bispecific antibody drug conjugate (ADC) targeting mucin-1 (MUC1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), that is conjugated with a novel hemiasterlin-related microtubule inhibitor payload. Following dose, M1231 binds to EGFR and co-binds to tumor-associated hypoglycosylated MUC1, internalizes into the tumor cell and traffics to lysosomes where the payload is enzymatically released to affect cell viability. Methods: A Multi-scale Systems Pharmacology model was developed to account for the ADC’s disposition and interactions with the underlying physiologic system, resulting in intracellular payload release in tumor cells to drive tumor growth inhibition (TGI). An in vitro model quantified ADC internalization and lysosomal trafficking in the MUC1 and EGFR-expressing cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 and OVCAR-3. TGI was assessed in mice bearing MUC1-tumors from the squamous NSCLC patient-derived xenograft model, LUX003. Pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys was modeled using a Target Mediated Drug Disposition model and was allometrically scaled to humans. Data Summary: All preclinical modeling results were integrated and scaled to simulate plasma M1231 concentrations to predict the human dose and corresponding exposures. Tumor stasis was estimated to begin at a dose of 2.4 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W) with a maximum tumor regression achieved at a dose of 4.3 mg/kg Q3W. Conclusions: The quantitative systems pharmacology model-based efficacious dose prediction range of 2.4 mg/kg to 4.3 mg/kg dosed Q3W informed the design of the ongoing M1231 first-in-human trial (NCT04695847). Citation Format: Anup Zutshi, Berend Neuteboom, Seema Kumar, Willem Sloot, Christine Knuehl, Julia Dotterweich, Jianguo Ma, Christiane Amendt, Karthik Venkatakrishnan, Taeshin Park, John Pappas, Kyoung-Ae Kim. Translational PK/PD/efficacy modeling and efficacious human dose prediction for a first-in-class MUC1-EGFR (M1231) bispecific antibody drug conjugate [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5423.
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Bandura, Randall P., and Paul R. Lyons. "The art and science of job satisfaction." Human Resource Management International Digest 22, no. 7 (October 13, 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-10-2014-0141.
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Purpose – This paper aims to review current information and research concerning job satisfaction in the workplace. It also provides a brief overview of what is generally and currently known about job satisfaction, personality and job satisfaction and workplace influences on job satisfaction and offers suggestions for practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – It examines a large sample of research and opinion from the past several years. Findings – It reveals that there is much empirical research about individual job satisfaction, a considerable amount of which is situation-specific. Generalizations concerning research findings are difficult. There is, however, much reported data and statistics that give indications of why employees find satisfaction with work, colleagues and the organization. This information may provide some practical guidance for practitioners. Practical implications – It gives a broad overview and summary of recent research and opinion on job satisfaction that is not readily available in other sources. Social implications – It advises that, other things being equal, organizations should aim to recruit employees who are somewhat extraverted, conscientious, expressive of a belief in their skills and who demonstrate a positive disposition. Originality/value – It provides current information that may guide practice and policy development.
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Huang, Ting, Chun-Cao Zhao, Man Xue, Yun-Feng Cao, Liang-Kang Chen, Jian-Xing Chen, Yi-Jie Sun, and Jia Zeng. "Current Progress and Outlook for Agrimonolide: A Promising Bioactive Compound from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16020150.
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Agrimonolide (AM), which is a derivative of isocoumarins, is found mainly in the herb Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. This compound is highly lipophilic and readily crosses the blood–brain barrier. In recent years, interest has grown in the use of AM as a multitarget natural treatment for various diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, hepatic injury, myocardial damage, and diabetes mellitus. The potential mechanisms of these pharmacological effects have been clarified at cellular and molecular levels. AM shows no cytotoxicity over a range of concentrations in different types of cells, providing evidence for its good safety profile in vitro. These findings indicate that AM is a promising medicinal agent. However, most studies on AM’s pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, and safety lack substantial animal or human data. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition of this compound have received little attention. This review highlights the status of current information regarding the sources, properties, pharmacological effects, and safety of AM. Furthermore, potential strategies to resolve problematic issues identified in previous studies are fully discussed. This summary and analysis of the research progress of AM may inspire deeper investigations and more extensive applications of AM in the future.
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Witt, Daniel M., Allan J. Ellsworth, and John H. Leversee. "Amiodarone-Clonazepam Interaction." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 12 (December 1993): 1463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302701210.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe a potential drug interaction between amiodarone and clonazepam. CASE SUMMARY: A 78-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease began taking amiodarone to suppress sustained ventricular tachycardia. Following the development of restless leg syndrome, therapy with clonazepam 0.5 mg qhs was initiated. Subsequently, the patient demonstrated signs and symptoms of benzodiazepine toxicity, which cleared following the discontinuation of clonazepam. DISCUSSION: Amiodarone is a Class III antiarrhythmic with an adverse-effect profile involving many different organ systems. It also has been shown to inhibit the metabolism of drugs cleared by oxidative microsomal enzymes. Clonazepam undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, primarily by reduction and acetylation, and is therefore susceptible to altered disposition during concomitant administration of agents that inhibit hepatic microsomal enzymes. Hypothyroidism, occurring in up to 11 percent of patients treated with amiodarone, can also alter drug metabolism and sensitize the central nervous system, thus increasing the potential for toxicity. It is likely that a combination of these factors was responsible for the symptoms described in this patient. CONCLUSIONS: The complex pharmacologic profile of amiodarone and its effects on multiple organ systems necessitates close patient monitoring during concurrent administration of medications such as clonazepam, which are cleared by oxidative metabolism.
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Lehr, Thorsten, Karl-Heinz Liesenfeld, Sebastian Haertter, Alexander Staab, and Chantaratsamon Dansirikul. "A combined pharmacometric analysis of dabigatran etexilate in healthy volunteers and patients with atrial fibrillation or undergoing orthopaedic surgery." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 107, no. 04 (2012): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th11-09-0656.
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SummaryDabigatran etexilate is the orally bioavailable pro-drug of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Using data from eight clinical studies in healthy volunteers and patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) or undergoing orthopaedic surgery (OS), population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) models were developed to investigate whether the PK and PD of dabigatran differ across different populations. In both healthy volunteers (n=80) and patients (n=1,965), the PK of dabigatran was best described by a two-compartment disposition model with first-order absorption and elimination. Renal function was the only covariate shown to have a clinically relevant impact on dabig-atran exposure. The patient PK model was successfully applied in predicting exposure observed in the RE-LY trial evaluating dabigatran treatment in patients with non-valvular AF. The relationship between dabigatran plasma concentrations and activated partial thromboplastin time in healthy volunteers and patients (n=762) was best described with a combination of a linear model and a maximum effect (Emax) model, consistent with previous reports. PK/PD relationships were robust across the various populations tested and were not affected by any of the covariates examined. In summary, the PK of dabigatran is sufficiently consistent to allow extrapolation of data generated in healthy volunteers to patients with AF or undergoing OS.
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Jones, Eric, Thomas Keranen, Kasim Korkmaz, and Raed Jarrah. "A Case Study for Overcoming Obstacles During Planning and Construction Phases: MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility." International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol10n33248.
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The decision to construct the MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility in Aiken County, South Carolina, was largely a result of the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement between the United States and the Russian Federation, signed in September of 2000. However, the construction of the MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility has proven to be a more complex endeavor than many of the project planners had initially anticipated. To date, the project has yet to be completed, and in February 2019, the National Nuclear Security Administration issued a contract termination notice for the project. Currently, the United States Department of Energy is looking into what it refers to as the dilute and dispose approach to dealing with the nation’s aging stockpile of weapons-grade nuclear material. The present research aims to explore solutions for overcoming the failures that occurred during the planning and construction phases of the MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility. The paper proposes that the adoption of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) might provide solutions for such cases. This study is supported by a review of relevant literature examining the effects of implementing both IPD and PPP. The results of the study represent discussions and a summary of the research contribution.
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Gu, Jianfeng, Yiwu Fang, Lele Liu, Helen Braasch, and Björn Hoppe. "Bursaphelenchus dietrichi sp. n. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) – a new species of the sexdentati-group from southern Europe." Nematology 22, no. 5 (June 15, 2020): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003321.
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Summary Based on earlier investigations, Bursaphelenchus sexdentati sensu lato consists of two distinct forms, a central European and a southern European type. In this paper we recognise these forms at species level and propose B. dietrichi sp. n. for the southern European type, regarding it as distinct from B. sexdentati sensu stricto. The relatively long (733-881 μm) and slender (a = 34.7-43.3) females of the new species have a small vulval flap, a long post-uterine sac extending for 46.6-75.3% of the vulva to anus distance, and a mostly conical tail with a more or less bluntly rounded terminus. The male spicules are strongly ventrally arcuate, measuring 13-17 μm along the arc, and have a bluntly pointed rostrum ca 2-3 μm long in the proximal part and a small cucullus at their distal end. The capitulum is slightly concave and the condylus is ca 2-3 μm long, truncated and slightly hooked. The oval bursa and the disposition of the male caudal papillae, as well as the presence of four lateral lines, justify the assignment of this taxon to the sexdentati-group. Bursaphelenchus dietrichi sp. n. can be distinguished from B. sexdentati s.s. and other related species by morphological characters and sequencing results. Bursaphelenchus sexdentati s.s. is also recorded from China for the first time.
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Jarrahi, Mohammad Hossein, and Ali Eshraghi. "Digital natives vs digital immigrants." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 32, no. 6 (October 11, 2019): 1051–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-04-2018-0071.
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Purpose Generational membership is argued to have an impact on how social technologies are used for knowledge sharing and communication in organizational contexts. Previous research has especially underscored the difference between digital natives and digital immigrants in how they make sense of and interact with social technologies for work. The purpose of this paper is to provide a multidimensional perspective and to explore generational differences as well as other factors deriving from both work-related and personal characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a summary of the findings from interviews with 58 consultants from 17 managing consulting firms. Participants were selected based on their knowledge-intensive roles and their willingness to share information about their knowledge practices. Findings Findings highlight the significance of the organizational rank, knowledge needs, individuals’ enthusiasm for technology use and personality disposition in shaping workers’ attitudes toward social technologies for knowledge practices. This work builds from a social construction of technology perspective to provide a comprehensive insight into the roles played by work and personality-related factors beyond age and generational differences in the use of social technologies in and for work. Originality/value This research contributes to the discourse on generational differences and the use of social technologies. It puts this question into a broader context, and highlights other factors that shape this relationship.
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Xu, Shuhua, An-Qiang Sun, and Frederick J. Suchy. "A novel RARα/CAR-mediated mechanism for regulation of human organic solute transporter-β gene expression." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 306, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): G154—G162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00138.2013.
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The organic solute transporter-α/β (OSTα/β) is a heteromeric transporter that is essential for bile acid and sterol disposition and for the enterohepatic circulation. To better understand the mechanism underlying OST gene regulation, the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on OSTα/β gene expression were investigated. The results show a dose-dependent induction of OSTβ but not OSTα expression in both Huh7 and HepG2 cells by RA treatment. A novel functional RA receptor response element (RARE; so-called DR5) in the promoter of OSTβ gene was identified. The interaction of RARα/RXRα with the RARE was verified by electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and its functional importance by hOSTβ promoter activation in luciferase reporter assays. The studies demonstrated that the RARE is also a constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) binding site for OSTβ gene regulation. These results suggest that OSTβ is a target of both FXR-mediated (by binding to IR-1 element) and RARα- and CAR-mediated (by binding to DR5 element) gene regulation pathways. In summary, this study has uncovered a novel RARE (DR5) element in the promoter of OSTβ that binds RARα or CAR heterodimerized with RXRα and appears to function synergistically with the IR-1 element to provide maximal induction of OSTβ in response to RA. These findings demonstrate a role for RARα and CAR in controlling OSTβ expression levels.
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Borgeraas, Heidi, Jøran Hjelmesæth, Kåre Inge Birkeland, Farhat Fatima, John Olav Grimnes, Hanne L. Gulseth, Erling Halvorsen, et al. "Single-centre, triple-blinded, randomised, 1-year, parallel-group, superiority study to compare the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on remission of type 2 diabetes and β-cell function in subjects with morbid obesity: a protocol for the Obesitysurgery in Tønsberg(Oseberg) study." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e024573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024573.
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IntroductionBariatric surgery is increasingly recognised as an effective treatment option for subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity; however, there is no conclusive evidence on the superiority of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. The Oseberg study was designed to compare the effects of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on remission of type 2 diabetes and β-cell function.Methods and analysisSingle-centre, randomised, triple-blinded, two-armed superiority trial carried out at the Morbid Obesity Centre at Vestfold Hospital Trust in Norway. Eligible patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. The primary outcome measures are (1) the proportion of participants with complete remission of type 2 diabetes (HbA1c≤6.0% in the absence of blood glucose-lowering pharmacologic therapy) and (2) β-cell function expressed by the disposition index (calculated using the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis) 1 year after surgery.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol of the current study was reviewed and approved by the regional ethics committee on 12 September 2012 (ref: 2012/1427/REK sør-øst B). The results will be disseminated to academic and health professional audiences and the public via publications in international peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Participants will receive a summary of the main findings.Trial registration numberNCT01778738;Pre-results.
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Kale-Pradhan, Pramodini, Martin Manuel, and Leonard B. Johnson. "49. Clinical Utility of Oseltamivir Restriction Policy." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.094.
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Abstract Background Inappropriate use of oseltamivir and antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections may increase risk of microbial resistance. Restriction policies have been used to curtail inappropriate use of oseltamivir and antimicrobials in suspected or confirmed influenza patients. We assessed the impact of Infectious Diseases (ID) consult on the management of oseltamivir and concomitant antibiotics. Methods A single-center, retrospective study of patients ≥ 17 years, admitted for greater than 24 hours who received oseltamivir from October 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019 were evaluated. Demographics, Charlson Weighted Index of Comorbidity (CWIC), length of hospital stay (LOS), discharge disposition, rapid flu test, respiratory viral panel, sputum and blood cultures, antibiotic regimen and duration were collected. Continuous variables were analyzed using Students t-test and categorical variables with Chi square test. Results 298 patients were screened and 182 patients met the inclusion criteria. Please see table below for results. Oseltamivir was appropriately continued in 92.9% in the ID consult group compared to 89.3% in the non-ID consult group (p = 0.51). Antibiotic interventions were appropriate in 63.2% of the ID consult group compared to 40% in non-ID group (p = 0.36). Results Summary Conclusion Oseltamivir interventions were appropriate and similar in between groups. Further, there was higher percentage of appropriate antibiotic interventions in the ID physician group. Duration of antibiotics was longer in the ID physicians consulted group which may be due to higher severity of illness in the group. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures