Journal articles: 'Sulphur dioxide – Analysis'

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Palmer, Anne S., Vin I. Morgan, Mark A. J. Curran, Tas D. van Ommen, and Paul A. Mayewski. "Antarctic volcanic flux ratios from Law Dome ice cores." Annals of Glaciology 35 (2002): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781816771.

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AbstractExplosive volcanic eruptions can inject large quantities of sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere. the aerosols that result from oxidation of the sulphur dioxide can produce significant cooling of the troposphere by reflecting or absorbing solar radiation. It is possible to obtain an estimate of the relative stratospheric sulphur aerosol concentration produced by different volcanoes by comparing sulphuric acid fluxes determined by analysis of polar ice cores. Here,we use a non-sea-salt sulphate time series derived from three well-dated Law Dome ice cores to investigate sulphuric acid flux ratios for major eruptions over the period AD 1301–1995. We use additional data from other cores to investigate systematic spatial variability in the ratios. Only for the Kuwae eruption (Law Dome ice date AD 1459.5) was the H2SO4 flux larger than that deposited by Tambora (Law Dome ice date AD 1816.7).

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Rakitskaya, Tatyana L., Tatyana A. Kiose, E. V. Kameneva, and V. Ya Volkova. "Natural Clinoptilolite Based Solid-State Compositions for Low-Temperature Air Purification from Sulphur Dioxide." Solid State Phenomena 230 (June 2015): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.230.291.

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Natural clinoptilolite (N-CLI) and N-CLI based solid-state compositions containing copper(II) chloride and halide ions (X- = Cl-, Br- or I-) were investigated by X‑ray diffraction phase analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, water vapour adsorption, and pH‑metry. After that, they were tested in the reaction of low-temperature sulphur dioxide oxidation with air oxygen. It has been found that N-CLI has no protective properties in respect of sulphur dioxide whereas CuCl2‑KX/N-CLI compositions have the significant protective activity in the process of air purification from sulphur dioxide increasing in the order Cl- < Br- < I-.

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Shanthi, K., and N. Balasubramanian. "Method for the sampling and analysis of sulphur dioxide." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 351, no. 7 (1995): 685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00323348.

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Liu, S., Han-xi Shen, Jian-xing Feng, and Matthieu Tubino. "Gas-permeation continuous flow coulometric analysis: determination of sulphur dioxide." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 357, no. 8 (April 28, 1997): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050302.

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Byanju, R. M., M. B. Gewali, and K. Manandhar. "Low cost Passive Monitoring of Nitrogen dioxide and Sulphur dioxide in ambient air." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 27 (July 16, 2012): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6439.

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Standard nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) monitoring techniques require expensive instrumentation which is not easily adapted for large scale monitoring by resource limited countries. This paper presents the use of locally available relatively cheaper polyethylene tubes to be developed as passive diffusive sampler and use for monitoring of ambient nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide using Triethanolamine (TEA) as absorbent. After extraction with double distilled water, modified Griese-Saltzmann method and West-Gaeke method were used for analysis of nitrite and sulphate adduct formed due to reaction of NO2 and SO2 respectively with TEA using spectrophotometer. The results are successfully compared with other standard methods. The detection limits and precision of the method as expressed as Coefficient of variation are good enough for monitoring of NO2 and SO2 in ambient air.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6439 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 34-45Uploaded date: 16 July, 2012

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Kumar, Anil. "Spectral and Statistical Analysis of Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulphur Dioxide Air Pollutants using Wavelet Transforms." Invertis Journal of Science & Technology 14, no. 2 (2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-762x.2021.00010.x.

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Masneuf-Pomarède, Isabelle, and Denis Dubourdieu. "Yeast strains role on the sulphur dioxyde combinations of wines obtained from noble rot and raisining grapes." OENO One 34, no. 1 (March 31, 2000): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2000.34.1.1013.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">The influence of four industrial and indigenous yeast strains on the sulphur dioxide combinations of wines obtained from noble rot and raisining grapes is studied in different growth of the Sauternes area and one growth in the Jurançon area. The analysis of ketonic compounds (pyruvic acid and 2-oxo-glutaric acid), acetaldehyde and PC50 on the wines clearly showed significant statistical difference between the yeast strains for the sulphur dioxide combination. By adding the same dosage of sulphiting, the free SO<sub>2</sub> levels are variable depending on the yeast strain used. One strain (Zymaflore ST), isolated from a spontaneous fermentation of a botrytised must, giving wines with low PC50 values, is well adapted for the noble rot must vinification. The choice of the yeast strain is a parameter of importance to limit the sulphur dioxide amount in the wines.</p>

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Granados, M., S. Maspoch, and M. Blanco. "Determination of sulphur dioxide by flow injection analysis with amperometric detection." Analytica Chimica Acta 179 (1986): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84490-6.

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Grekas, Nikos, and Antony C. Calokerinos. "Continuous flow molecular emission cavity analysis of sulphite and sulphur dioxide." Analyst 110, no. 4 (1985): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9851000335.

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Mondal, M. K. "Mathematical Modeling of Wet Magnesia Flue Gas Desulphurization Process." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2008 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/871479.

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Desulphurization of flue gases from various chemical industries in a techno-econo-enviro manner is a demanding technology. The concentrations of sulphur dioxide in and around these plants overshoot the danger point. In recent years, the process analysis of chemical absorption in a slurry has become important in rational design and development of wet scrubbing processes for the removal ofSO2from flue gases. The elementary steps encountered in wet scrubbing by slurries are diffusion and reaction of gaseous species and solid dissolution in liquid film. In the present work, the process of the absorption of sulphur dioxide into wet magnesia slurry was theoretically analyzed according to the two-reaction plane model incorporating the solid dissolution promoted by the reactions with absorbed sulphur dioxide in the liquid film. A model based on Fick's second law has been developed to calculate enhancement factor for absorption of Sulphur dioxide intoMg(OH)2slurry. The concentration of accumulated species in the bulk of the liquid phase (sulphite ions for this case) which substantially control the absorption rates was included in the model for the prediction of theoretical enhancement factor. The values of theoretical enhancement factors obtained from model were compared with experimental enhancement factors available in literature. The model values of enhancement factors agreed well with the values of experimental enhancement factor available in literature.

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Romana, H. K., R. P. Singh, and D. P. Shukla. "LONG TERM AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS IN REFERENCE TO THERMAL POWER PLANTS USING SATELLITE DATA IN SINGRAULI REGION, INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-829-2020.

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Abstract. The exponentially growing population and related anthropogenic activities have led to modifications in local environment. The change in local environment, evolving pattern of land use, concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols alter the energy balance of our climate system. This alteration in climate is leading to premature deaths worldwide. This study analyses the air quality of Singrauli region, Madhya Pradesh, India for the past 15 years. Otherwise known as Urjanchal “the energy capital” of India has been declared as critically polluted by CPCB. The study provides an updated list of thermal power plants in the study area and their emission effects on the local environment. The pollutants analyzed in the study are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide and particulate matter. Long term remotely sensed data was obtained from NASA Giovanni for past 15 years. Statistical analysis is used to characterize seasonal and annual variations of trace gases in the study area. The study concluded that Methane, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide and Sulphur dioxide are on an increasing trend with an average rate of 1.03, 0.99, 2.15 and 1.09 annually. Secondly, Methane & SO2, PM2.5 & NO2, PM10 & NO2, CO2 & Methane and PM2.5 & PM10 have strong correlations with a 95% significance. Furthermore, Methane, SO2 and CO2 exhibit cyclic variation with change in season. The study also indicated that maximum aerosols present in the study area are a result of anthropogenic activities.

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Bureš, Richard, Martin Klajmon, Jaroslav Fojt, Pavol Rak, Kristýna Jílková, and Jan Stoulil. "Artificial Patination of Copper and Copper Alloys in Wet Atmosphere with Increased Content of SO2." Coatings 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2019): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120837.

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Natural copper patina is usually formed over several decades. This work investigates the possibility of obtaining a stable artificial patina based on brochantite in a more reasonable time. The patination process was based on patina formation from a humid atmosphere containing sulphur dioxide. The studied parameters were humidity (condensation and condensation/drying), sulphur dioxide concentration (4.4–44.3 g·m−3) and surface pre-treatments (grinding, pre-oxidation and pre-patination) prior to the patination process. Samples were evaluated by mass change, digital image analysis, spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A resistometric method was employed in order to observe the patina formation continuously during the exposure. Conditions inside the chamber were monitored during the exposure (pH of water and concentration of SO2 in gaseous phase). According to XRD, it was possible to deliberately grow a brochantite patina of reasonable thickness (approx. 30 µm), even within a couple of days of exposure. The drying phase of the condensation cycle increased the homogeneity of the deposited patina. Formation kinetics were the fastest under a condensation/drying cycle, starting with 17.7 g·m−3 sulphur dioxide and decreasing dosing in the cycle, with an electrolyte pH close to 3. The higher sulphur dioxide content above 17.7 g·m−3 forms too aggressive a surface electrolyte, which led to the dissolution of the brochantite. The pre-oxidation of copper surface resulted in a significant improvement of patina homogeneity on the surface.

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Linares, P., M. D. Luque de Castro, and M. Valcárcel. "Simultaneous determination of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide in wine by gas-diffusion/flow-injection analysis." Analytica Chimica Acta 225 (1989): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84635-8.

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Snook, R. D., and P. E. Zaft. "On-line analysis. On-line measurement of sulphur dioxide in flowing gases." Analytical Proceedings 22, no. 10 (1985): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ap9852200300.

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Maskey-Byanju, Rejina, M. B. Gewali, and K. Manandhar. "Low cost passive monitoring of sulphur dioxide in ambient air: An effort from developing world." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 1 (December 9, 2013): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v1i1.36544.

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Standard sulphur dioxide (SO2) monitoring techniques require expensive instrumentation which is not easily adapted for large scale monitoring by resource limited countries. This paper presents the use of locally available relatively cheaper polyethylene tubes to be developed as passive diffusive sampler and use for monitoring of ambient sulphur dioxide using Tri-ethanolamine (TEA) as absorbent. After extraction with double distilled water, modified West-Gaeke method was used for analysis of sulphate adduct formed due to reaction of SO2 with TEA using spectrophotometer. The results are successfully compared with other standard methods. The detection limits and precision of the method as expressed as coefficient of variation are good for monitoring of SO2 in ambient air.

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De Filippo, B., L. Campanella, A. Brotzu, S. Natali, and D. Ferro. "Characterization of Bronze Corrosion Products on Exposition to Sulphur Dioxide." Advanced Materials Research 138 (October 2010): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.138.21.

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In the main frame of the research aimed to model the corrosion growth on bronze surface, the objective of the work here reported has been to characterize the corrosion products formed on laboratory samples of bronze alloy (Cu Sn12), during the early stage of exposure to moist air with sulfur dioxide. A cycling corrosion cabinet was used to control 200 ppm gas concentration, relative humidity (RH) and temperature, according to the DIN 50018 (Kesternich test).The method is designed to evaluate how well the surface resists to sulfur dioxide corrosion; the test cycle consists of 8 hours exposure to sulfur dioxide at 40°C temperature and 100% relative humidity, followed by 12 hours drying at room condition. Weight variation, Spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were carried out for the tarnish products characterization. Some of the compound identified were brochantite (Cu4(OH)6SO4), chalcanthite (CuSO4•5H2O) cuprite (Cu2O), cassiterite (SnO2) and ottemannite (Sn2O3).

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Wang, Shuaian, and Chuansheng Peng. "Model and analysis of the effect of China’s potential domestic emission control area with 0.1% sulphur limit." Maritime Business Review 4, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-03-2019-0012.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of China’s potential domestic emission control area (DECA) with 0.1 per cent sulphur limit on sulphur emission reduction. Design/methodology/approach The authors calculate the fuel cost of a direct path within the DECA and a path that bypasses the DECA for ships that sail between two Chinese ports in view of the DECA. Ships adopt the path with the lower cost and the resulting sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions can be calculated. They then conduct sensitivity analysis of the SO2 emissions with different values of the parameters related to sailing distance, fuel price and ships. Findings The results show that ships tend to detour to bypass the DECA when the distance between the two ports is long, the ratio of the price of low sulphur fuel and that of high sulphur fuel is high and the required time for fuel switching is long. If the time required for fuel switching is less than 12 h or even 24 h, it can be anticipated that a large number of ships will bypass the DECA, undermining the SO2 reduction effect of the DECA. Originality/value This study points out the size and shape difference between the emission control areas in Europe and North America and China’s DECA affects ships’ path choice and SO2 emissions.

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Eckstein, Dieter, Florian Scholz, and Heinrich Klein. "Wood Anatomical Studies of Cloned Spruce Trees Fumigated With Sulphur Dioxide." IAWA Journal 16, no. 3 (1995): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001416.

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The wood anatomy was studied of 180 young spruce trees of 30 clones fumigated with SO2. The resulting data were assessed using rank correlation statistics, factor analysis and analysis of variance. In the year before fumigation none of the measured characteristics showed any correlation with the degree by which clones were damaged after fumigation. Genetic effects were assessed to be responsible for 65% of latewood width variation prior to fumigation. In the treatment year as well as in the subsequent year there was a correlation between some of the characteristics measured and the degree of damage, and in the same period genetic influences accounted for only 10% of latewood width variation. Two years after fumigation no correlations between the measured wood anatomical characteristics and the degree of damage could be detected.

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M.I., Lamas, Rodríguez C.G., Telmo J., and Rodríguez J.D. "Numerical Analysis of Emissions from Marine Engines Using Alternative Fuels." Polish Maritime Research 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0070.

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AbstractThe current restrictions on emissions from marine engines, particularly sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2), are compelling the shipping industry to a change of tendency. In the recent years, many primary and secondary reduction techniques have been proposed and employed in marine engines. Nevertheless, the increasingly restrictive legislation makes it very difficult to continue developing efficient reduction procedures at competitive prices. According to this, the paper presents the possibility to employ alternative fuels. A numerical model was developed to analyze the combustion process and emissions using oil fuel, natural gas and hydrogen. A commercial marine engine was studied, the Wärtsilä 6L 46. It was found, that hydrogen is the cleanest fuel regarding CO2, hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Nevertheless, it is very expensive for marine applications. Natural gas is cheaper and cleaner than fuel oil regarding CO2and CO emissions. Still, natural gas emits more NOxand HC than oil fuel. SOxdepends basically on the sulphur content of each particular fuel.

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Tîrtea, Raluca-Nicoleta, and Cosmin Mărculescu. "Aspects of using biomass as energy source for power generation." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0019.

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AbstractBiomass represents an important source of renewable energy in Romania with about 64% of the whole available green energy. Being a priority for the energy sector worldwide, in our country the development stage is poor compared to solar and wind energy. Biomass power plants offer great horizontal economy development, local and regional economic growth with benefic effects on life standard. The paper presents an analysis on biomass to power conversion solutions compared to fossil fuels using two main processes: combustion and gasification. Beside the heating value, which can be considerably higher for fossil fuels compared to biomass, a big difference between fossil fuels and biomass can be observed in the sulphur content. While the biomass sulphur content is between 0 and approximately 1%, the sulphur content of coal can reach 4%. Using coal in power plants requires important investments in installations of flue gas desulfurization. If limestone is used to reduce SO2emissions, then additional carbon dioxide moles will be released during the production of CaO from CaCO3. Therefore, fossil fuels not only release a high amount of carbon dioxide through burning, but also through the caption of sulphur dioxide, while biomass is considered CO2neutral. Biomass is in most of the cases represented by residues, so it is a free fuel compared to fossil fuels. The same power plant can be used even if biomass or fossil fuels is used as a feedstock with small differences. The biomass plant could need a drying system due to high moisture content of the biomass, while the coal plant will need a desulfurization installation of flue gas and additional money will be spent with fuel purchasing.

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Poonia, Shefali, Purushottam, and Vaishali Poonia. "Negative Impact Analysis of Pigment contents in Legumes in response to Sulphur dioxide Treatment." Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research 30, special (2017): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2229-4473.2017.00060.x.

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Sunyer, J. "Respiratory effects of sulphur dioxide: a hierarchical multicity analysis in the APHEA 2 study." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 60, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 2e—2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.8.e2.

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Flagiello, D., A. Erto, A. Lancia, and F. Di Natale. "Experimental and modelling analysis of seawater scrubbers for sulphur dioxide removal from flue-gas." Fuel 214 (February 2018): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.098.

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Nimis, P. L., M. Castello, and M. Perotti. "Lichens as Biomonitors of Sulphur Dioxide Pollution in La Spezia (Northern Italy)." Lichenologist 22, no. 3 (July 1990): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282990000378.

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AbstractLichens epiphytic on olive trees were used as biomonitors of sulphur dioxide pollution in La Spezia (Northern Italy). The method adopted was designed to avoid subjectivity at all stages, from the sampling strategy to data analysis. Thus, lichen data are expressed by an index that does not depend on any sensitivity scale; data analysis relies on multivariate methods of classification and ordination, and the pollution maps have been produced by automatic mapping programmes. The index, based on the frequency of species within a sampling grid, showed a very high statistical correlation with pollution data measured by recording gauges. The results of classification and ordination indicate that Parmelia caperata is the species with a distribution best related to the lichen index. The quality of air pollution data obtained from biomonitors is discussed.

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Peruzzo, Daiane Cristina, Priscila Fontoura Castelo Branco Jandiroba, and Getulio da Rocha Nogueira Filho. "Use of 0.1% chlorine dioxide to inhibit the formation of morning volatile sulphur compounds (VSC)." Brazilian Oral Research 21, no. 1 (March 2007): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242007000100012.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the VSC-inhibiting effect of a commercially available mouthrinse (0.1% chlorine dioxide) when compared to its placebo. A 2-step double blind, crossover, randomised study was conducted with 14 dental students with healthy periodontium, who refrained from any mechanical plaque and tongue coating control during two 4-day experimental periods. The subjects were instructed to rinse 3 times daily with the assigned product during each period. A 7-day washout interval was established. VSCs levels were measured by a sulphide monitor at the beginning (baseline) and at the end of each experimental period. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon's and Mann-Whitney's non-parametric tests. At baseline, intragroup analysis revealed that VSCs levels did not differ between groups (p > 0.05); at day 5, the use of the chlorine dioxide mouthrinse did not change the baseline VSCs scores in the control group (p > 0.05), while a 2-fold increase was observed with the use of the placebo mouthrinse (p < 0.05). Intergroup analysis showed a significant difference between the VSCs levels of the test and control groups (40.2 ± 30.72 and 82.3 ± 75.63 ppb, p < 0.001) at day 5. Within the limits of this study, the findings suggest that a mouthrinse containing chlorine dioxide can maintain VSCs at lower levels in the morning breath.

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Zhang, Yu-Chen, Deng-Kui Si, and Bing Zhao. "The Convergence of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Emissions Per Capita in China." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051781.

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As the third-largest SO2 emitter in the world, China is facing mounting domestic and external pressure to tackle the increasingly serious SO2 pollution. Figuring out the convergence and persistence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions matters much for environmental policymakers in China. This study mainly utilizes the Fourier quantile unit root test to survey the convergence of the SO2 emissions per capita in 74 cities of China during the period of December 2014 to June 2019, by conducting five traditional unit root tests and a quantile root unit test as a comparative analysis. The empirical results indicate that the SO2 emissions per capita in 72 out of 74 cities in China are convergent in the sample period. The results also suggest that the unit root behavior of the SO2 emissions per capita in these cities is asymmetrically persistent at different quantiles. For the cities with the convergent SO2 emissions, the government should consider the asymmetric mean-reverting pattern of SO2 emissions when implementing environmental protection policies at different stages. For Hefei and Nanjing, the local governments need to enact stricter environmental protection policies to control the emission of sulfur dioxide.

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Clarisse, L., D. Hurtmans, C. Clerbaux, J. Hadji-Lazaro, Y. Ngadi, and P. F. Coheur. "Retrieval of sulphur dioxide from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 3 (March 13, 2012): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-581-2012.

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Abstract. Thermal infrared sounding of sulphur dioxide (SO2) from space has gained appreciation as a valuable complement to ultraviolet sounding. There are several strong absorption bands of SO2 in the infrared, and atmospheric sounders, such as AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder), TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) and IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) have the ability to globally monitor SO2 abundances. Most of the observed SO2 is found in volcanic plumes. In this paper we outline a novel algorithm for the sounding of SO2 above ~5 km altitude using high resolution infrared sounders and apply it to measurements of IASI. The main features of the algorithm are a wide applicable total column range (over 4 orders of magnitude, from 0.5 to 5000 dobson units), a low theoretical uncertainty (3–5%) and near real time applicability. We make an error analysis and demonstrate the algorithm on the recent eruptions of Sarychev, Kasatochi, Grimsvötn, Puyehue-Cordón Caulle and Nabro.

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Clarisse, L., D. Hurtmans, C. Clerbaux, J. Hadji-Lazaro, Y. Ngadi, and P. F. Coheur. "Retrieval of sulphur dioxide from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 6 (December 7, 2011): 7241–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-7241-2011.

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Abstract. Thermal infrared sounding of sulphur dioxide (SO2) from space has gained appreciation and popularity as a valuable complement to ultraviolet sounding. There are several strong absorption bands of SO2 in the infrared, and atmospheric sounders, primarily designed for weather forecasting, have therefore often the ability to globally monitor SO2 abundances. Most of the observed SO2 is found in volcanic plumes. In this paper we outline a novel algorithm for the sounding of SO2 above ~500 hPa altitude using high resolution infrared sounders and apply it to measurements of the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI). The main features of the algorithm are a wide applicable total column range (over 4 orders of magnitude, from 0.5 to 5000 dobson units), a low theoretical uncertainty (3–5%) and near real time applicability. We make an error analysis and demonstrate the algorithm on the recent eruptions of Sarychev, Kasatochi, Grimsvötn, Puyehue-Cordón Caulle and Nabro.

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Bielawska, Michalina, Oskar Czechowski, Ernest Czermański, Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek, and Tomasz Owczarek. "A preliminary evaluation of the impact of Sulphur Emissions Control Area in the Baltic Sea on air quality in port cities. Case port – the city of Gdańsk." SHS Web of Conferences 58 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185801002.

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The purpose of this research is to attempt to evaluate the extent, to which technical standards related to marine fuels and thereby also sulphur dioxide (SO2) content in engine exhausts from vessels operating on the Baltic Sea have been effective in curbing the negative impact of marine shipping on air quality, in particular in port cities. Marine environment protection is governed by the provisions of the MARPOL 73/78 International Convention, which Poland ratified as a party. Different areas of concern for marine shipping have been regulated in separate Appendices to the Convention. The first step was to introduce severe restrictions on SOx emissions in view of the fact that heavy marine fuel is the lowest-quality kerosene-derived fuel with a large content of sulphur. A gradual process was put in place to reduce its content in marine fuel. As a consequence, the world’s marine areas were divided into sulphur emission control areas (also known as SECA) and other areas. In Europe, these areas include the entire Baltic Sea and large portions of the North Sea. Another important technical and economic measure was to lower the limit of sulphur content in marine fuel to 0.1% in all SECA areas, with the limits remaining unchanged in the other areas. Two dates were of key importance for the investigation: 2010, when the reduction in sulphur content of marine fuels from 1.5% to 1% was mandated, and 2015, when the standard for sulphur content was dramatically lowered to 0.1%. In the first stage, the concentration of sulphur dioxide was researched as one of the factors preceding air contamination with suspended particles in the Gdańsk - Gdynia area in the period from 2005 to 2016, as investigated by four automatic reference measurement stations in the ARMAAG network (hourly data) located in the immediate vicinity of the sea (AM4, AM5, AM6 and AM8). The research concerned the arrival of high concentrations of sulphur blown in from the sea by the wind. Another key factor was the secondary data on the number of ships, in the form of monthly series, starting from 2007. The analysis was performed in stages. In the first stage, the quality of measurement and secondary data were evaluated using a unique data quality assessment method. Further on, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) models were constructed to identify spatial correlations between SO2 concentration distributions, which were used later as a basis on which to determine synthetic measures of average hourly concentrations for the entire agglomeration area. Subsequently, the impact of the SO2 source (influx from the Baltic Sea to the agglomeration areas) was gauged separately for each individual station. The PCA models constructed on the basis of hourly data corroborated the synthetic measures as correct, making it possible to identify the similarity of concentration distributions across the investigated stations. Multi-Dimensional Regression Models and Generalized Regression Models (GRM) have made it possible to identify the period, in which the concentration of sulphur dioxide dropped steadily (from 2010 to 2016), as well as the seasonal impact of variation in SO2 concentration and the number of ships. The hourly data was converted to average monthly, quarterly and annual values, depending on the mathematical model and purpose of research.

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Wei, Quan Wei, Ling Jun Liu, Zai Feng Tian, and Hai Bo Feng. "The Characteristics Analysis of Atmospheric Environmental Pollution Impact by Setting Off Firecrackers." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2476.

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As one of China's traditional habits, setting off firecrackers during the holiday season has been going on for thousands of years, especially in north China. This paper selects the atmospheric environmental quality real-time data published by China environmental department, including the AQI, PM10 and PM2.5, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. It shows that all pollutants have a rising trend during the Spring Festival period, especially from 20:00 at lunar 30th to 4:00 at lunar New Year's Day. From the analysis on the cause, setting off firecrackers during the Spring Festival is the direct cause of the decline in air quality.

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Yang, Wentao, Zhanjun He, Huikun Huang, and Jincai Huang. "A Clustering Framework to Reveal the Structural Effect Mechanisms of Natural and Social Factors on PM2.5 Concentrations in China." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031428.

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Understanding the mechanisms of various factors that affect PM2.5 can assist in the development of scientific measures to improve air quality. Nevertheless, existing research has concentrated on exploring local effect mechanisms, while structural effect mechanisms at regional or national scales have scarcely been analysed. Consequently, this study presents an analytical framework for elucidating the structural effect mechanisms of associated factors on PM2.5. Geographically and temporally weighted regression was used to explore the local effect mechanisms. This was followed by spatial clustering analysis to reveal these mechanisms by detecting their aggregation patterns. In the analysis, datasets for annual mean PM2.5 and socio-economic factors in China from 1999 to 2016 were employed. Urban population, gross industrial output, and sulphur dioxide emissions were identified as factors affecting changes in PM2.5 concentrations. These three factors had both negative and positive effects, while the gross industrial output had the largest coefficient variation degree. Three geographically related factors exhibited different impacts on PM2.5 concentrations in most of mainland China. These factors were the urban population roughly west of the Heihe-Tengchong line, gross industrial output primarily in southwestern China, and sulphur dioxide emissions primarily in southern China.

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Adamkiewicz, Andrzej, Marek Bartoszewski, and Martin Kendra. "Analysis of Consequences of Using Gas Fuels for Running Auxiliary Ship Boilers in the Light of Contemporary Environmental Protection Requirements." Management Systems in Production Engineering 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-07-03-2016.

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Abstract The article justifies the application of gas fuels for supplying auxiliary ship boilers. It presents legal regulations on maritime environmental protection areas and their requirements which are in power. It shows the chronology of introduced limitations on sulphur and nitrogen dioxide emissions and thresholds of carbon dioxide emission reduction expressed by EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Indicator) and EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator). Ways to decrease the values of EEDI and EEOI in the ship energy effectiveness management have been shown. Consequences of replacing marine fuels with LNG for running auxiliary ship boilers have been considered thoroughly, taking into account ecological, constructional, operational, procedural and logistic limitations as well as economic consequences. The summary shows the influence of particular consequences of using LNG for running boilers on the methods of maintenance of auxiliary boilers.

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Snook, R. D., and P. E. Zaft. "Fourier analysis method for temperature compensation of a microcomputer-controlled piezoelectric crystal sulphur dioxide sensor." Analyst 114, no. 2 (1989): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9891400149.

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Constantí, M. "Molecular analysis of yeast population dynamics: Effect of sulphur dioxide and inoculum on must fermentation." International Journal of Food Microbiology 41, no. 3 (June 16, 1998): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(98)00041-5.

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Vesala, T., K. Hämeri, T. Ahonen, M. Kulmala, P. Hari, T. Pohja, E. Krissinel', N. Shokhirev, and A. A. Lushnikov. "Experimental and numerical analysis of stomatal absorption of sulphur dioxide and transpiration by pine needles." Atmospheric Environment 29, no. 7 (April 1995): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00312-9.

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Yemelyanova, V. S., H. Kurokawa, B. T. Dossumova, Zh K. Kairbekov, T. V. Shakiyeva, Zh K. Myltykbaeva, U. N. Dzhatkambayeva, E. M. Shakiyev, and E. Zh Aybasov. "Using of Microspheres of Power Ashes for Gases Cleaning from Sulphur Dioxide." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.110.

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The composition and structure of the microspheric aluminosilicates of Combined Heating and Power Plants (CHРP) ashes is studied with the help of modern physical-chemical methods (XRD, scanning electron microscopy, BET, elemental and chemical analysis). The activity of microsphere-based catalysts for the reaction of Na2SO3 oxidation by oxygen is also studied by kinetic and potentiometric methods. By means of EPR and Möessbauer spectroscopy it is concluded that iron ions into the composition of cenospheres exist in two states – Fe3+ and Fe2+, thus, the iron (III) is in the form of solitary ions in an aluminosilicate matrix in the range of the iron content 3-4 mass %.

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Sharma, Arun Kumar, and Devarkonda Satay Narayan Prasad. "Copper Catalyzed Autoxidation of Sulphur Dioxide and Inhibition by Methanoic Acid." Current Physical Chemistry 10, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946809666190926130048.

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Background:: Today, acid rain problem is one of the serious global problems to the environment in which pH of the rain water decreases, causing harmful effect to nature, buildings, monuments, vegetation and human being as well. Therefore, the objective of the paper to find out some organic inhibitors present in the atmosphere that inhibited the acid rain. Objective:: In this paper, we studied the chemistry of Cu (II)-methanoic acid-S(IV)-O2 in acetate buffered medium by earlier reported methods in literature. Gravimetric analysis was carried out to find the end product and confirmed that it was sulphate with 98 % recovery. Methods:: Experiments were carried out at 303 ≤ T/K ≤ 313, 4.0 ≤ pH ≤ 5.35, 1.0×10−3 mol/dm3 ≤ S(IV) ≤ 10.0×10−3 mol/dm3, 5×10−6 mol/dm3 ≤ [Cu(II)] ≤ 2.5×10−5 mol/dm3, 6×10−6 mol/dm3≤[methanoic acid]≤7×10-4 mol/dm3. The value of apparent activation energy and inhibition parameter B was calculated in the presence of methanoic acid found as 29.07 kJ mol-1and 3.18 x 103 mol dm-3, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters were found as frequency factor (1.59 x 10-6s-1), entropy (-358.92 J K-1 mol-1), enthalpy (20.97 k J mol-1), and Gibbs free energy (172.83k J mol-1), respectively. Results:: We observed that methanoic acid acts as an inhibitor in copper catalyzed autoxidation of SO2 in acidic medium. Therefore, on the basis of the observed results a free radical mechanism has been identified. The results are useful for modeling rain water acidity and therefore a great use of meteorology and atmospheric chemistry. This study is important in understanding the mechanism of the oxidation of S(IV) by O2. Conclusion:: This study suggests that since organic inhibitors are found in the atmosphere, their concentrations and their influence on the oxidation of aqueous SO2 should be taken into account. The intervention of methanoic acid in the autoxidation of aqueous SO2 plays a role in deciding the fate of both methanoic acid and SO2. The influence of inhibitors may be used to calculate the lifetime of SO2, Methanoic acid has high values of kinh and, therefore, it would be degraded by sulfate radical anions in atmospheric waters.

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Shikwambana, Lerato, Paidamwoyo Mhangara, and Nkanyiso Mbatha. "Trend analysis and first time observations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in South Africa using TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 P data." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 91 (September 2020): 102130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102130.

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Bunyakova, Yu. "Analysis and prognostication of changes of concentrations of dioxide of sulphur in the atmosphere of industrial city (on the example of the Gdansk region)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 63 (2015): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2015.63.9.

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On the basis of method of theory of chaos the analysis of temporal rows of concentrations of dioxide of sulphur is executed in Gdynia and Sopot (Gdansk region, Poland) and the spectrum of cross-correlation dimensions, confirmative the presence of corresponding chaos, is expected. The got numeral estimations comport with data on the spectrum of dimensions of Lyapunov, dimension of Kaplan-York and entropy of Kolmogorov. The estimation of limit of predictability of method of short-term prognosis is given.

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Zeb, Khaqan, Yousaf Ali, and Muhammad Waseem Khan. "Factors influencing environment and human health by cement industry." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 4 (June 10, 2019): 751–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-06-2018-0112.

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Purpose Cement industry for both developed and developing countries is important from the economic point of view. It is playing a vital role in economic development of a developing country like Pakistan. However, these industries are posing threat to the environment, human health and plant species. The purpose of this paper is to identify the most critical factors of cement industry that have a negative impact on the environment, human health and plant species in the context of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The factors are categorized into air pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution, human health and plant species. These factors are categorized on the basis of previous literature and environmental safety reports. Air pollution is caused by iron and sulphur while noise pollution is mainly caused by crusher room and rotatory kiln end. The soil is being polluted by zinc and lead while human health and plant species are being damaged by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. For the analysis purpose, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, i.e., decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is used. Findings The result shows that the major cause of air pollution is “sulphur” while “crusher room and rotatory kiln end” are responsible for noise pollution. On the other hand, “mercury” is responsible for causing soil pollution while human health and plant species are influenced by the toxic effect of “nitrogen dioxide.” Research limitations/implications The results obtained are specific to cement manufacturing industry of Pakistan and cannot be generalized for any other manufacturing sector. Practical implications The proposed methodology shows the most critical factors toward which concertation should be given for mitigating their impact. This study will help the government and the cement industry to focus on all those elements that are the most responsible for causing different types of pollution. Originality/value No such work is reported in previous research that proposes a framework using DEMATEL technique for analysis of critical factors of cement industries that have a dangerous impact on the environment and human health, especially in a developing country, like Pakistan.

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Junkermann, W., B. Vogel, and M. A. Sutton. "The climate penalty for clean fossil fuel combustion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 24567–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-24567-2011.

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Abstract. To cope with the world's growing demand for energy, a large number of coal-fired power plants are currently in operation or under construction. To prevent environmental damage from acidic sulphur and particulate emissions, many such installations are equipped with flue gas cleaning technology that reduces the emitted amounts of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). However, the consequences of this technology for aerosol emissions, and in particular the regional scale impact on cloud microphysics, have not been studied until now. We performed airborne investigations to measure aerosol size distributions in the air masses downwind of coal-fired power installations. We show how the current generation of clean technology reduces the emission of sulphur and fine particulate matter, but leads to an unanticipated increase in the direct emission of ultrafine particles (1–10 nm median diameter) which are highly effective precursors of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Our analysis shows how these additional ultrafine particles modify cloud microphysics, as well as precipitation intensity and distribution on a regional scale downwind of emission sources. Effectively, the number of small water droplets is increased, thus reducing the water available for large droplets and rain formation. The corresponding changes in the precipitation budget with a shift from more frequent steady rain to occasionally more vigorous rain events, or even a significant regional reduction of annual precipitation, introduce an unanticipated risk for regional climate and agricultural production, especially in semi-arid climate zones.

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Junkermann, W., B. Vogel, and M. A. Sutton. "The climate penalty for clean fossil fuel combustion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 24 (December 20, 2011): 12917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12917-2011.

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Abstract. To cope with the world's growing demand for energy, a large number of coal-fired power plants are currently in operation or under construction. To prevent environmental damage from acidic sulphur and particulate emissions, many such installations are equipped with flue gas cleaning technology that reduces the emitted amounts of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). However, the consequences of this technology for aerosol emissions, and in particular the regional scale impact on cloud microphysics, have not been studied until now. We performed airborne investigations to measure aerosol size distributions in the air masses downwind of coal-fired power installations. We show how the current generation of clean technology reduces the emission of sulphur and fine particulate matter, but leads to an unanticipated increase in the direct emission of ultrafine particles (1–10 nm median diameter) which are highly effective precursors of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Our analysis shows how these additional ultrafine particles probably modify cloud microphysics, as well as precipitation intensity and distribution on a regional scale downwind of emission sources. Effectively, the number of small water droplets might be increased, thus reducing the water available for large droplets and rain formation. The possible corresponding changes in the precipitation budget with a shift from more frequent steady rain to occasionally more vigorous rain events, or even a significant regional reduction of annual precipitation, introduce an unanticipated risk for regional climate and agricultural production, especially in semi-arid climate zones.

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Cocic, Mira, Mihovil Logar, Sasa Cocic, Dragana Zivkovic, Branko Matovic, and Snezana Devic. "Determination of sulphide concentrates of ore copper by XRPD and chemical analysis." Chemical Industry 63, no. 4 (2009): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0904319c.

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Roasting process of sulphide copper concentrates in fluo-solid reactor is an oxidation process, and presents the first stage of copper concentrate processing in Copper Mining and Smelting Complex Bor, RTB Bor. Therefore, the importance of accurate and up to date process control is an apparent precondition for the correct treatment in the following stages and also for of high grade cathode copper. As concentrate is fed into the roaster, it is heated by a stream of hot air to about 590?C. The process takes place between solid and gaseous phases without the appearance of a liquid phase. The heat generated by the exothermic oxidation reaction of sulphur from cooper and iron minerals (chalcopyrite and pyrite) is sufficient to carry out the entire process autogenously at temperature from 620 to 670?C. The temperature of sulphur firing which defines the start of roasting depends on physical traits, particle size of sulfides and characteristic product of oxidation. The obtained products of the roasting process are: calcine, ready for smelting in the furnace and gas-rich sulphure dioxide (SO2), well suited for the production of sulfuric acid. The relationship between the quantitative mineral composition of the charge and of the calcine directly points out to the efficiency of the roasting process in fluo-solid reactor. The amount of bornite and magnetite, resulting from the sulfide oxidation is the most important parameter. Hence, quantitative determination of mineral composition is of great interest. In this work, the results of the determination of quantitative mineral composition of the copper sulphide concentrate (charge) and products of their roasting (calcine and overflow) in fluo-solid reactor in the RTB Bor are presented. The aim was to compare the results of the iron, copper, sulfur and oxygen contents determined by two independent techniques, the chemical (HA) and X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD) that is based on the quantitative mineral composition. Differences in the obtained results are evident, but small enough to confirm the reliability of measurement.

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Giurlani, Walter, Patrick Marcantelli, Francesco Benelli, Daniele Bottacci, Filippo Gambinossi, Maurizio Passaponti, Antonio De Luca, Emanuele Salvietti, and Massimo Innocenti. "Corrosion Resistance Test of Electroplated Gold and Palladium Using Fast Electrochemical Analysis." Coatings 9, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060405.

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Noble metal coatings are commonly employed to improve corrosion resistance of metals in the electronic and jewellery industry. The corrosion resistance of electroplated goods is currently determinate with long, destructive and almost subjective interpretation corrosion tests in artificial atmosphere. In this study we present the application of electrochemical analysis to obtain fast and numerical information of the antiaging coating. We performed open circuit potential (OCP) and corrosion current measurement; we employed also the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), commonly applied to organic or passivated metal with high-impedance, to find the best option for noble low-impedance coating analysis. For comparison, traditional standardized tests (damp heat ISO 17228, salt spray ISO 9227 and sulphur dioxide ISO 4524) were also performed.

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Prata, A. J., and C. Bernardo. "Retrieval of sulphur dioxide from a ground-based thermal infrared imaging camera." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 2 (February 7, 2014): 1153–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-1153-2014.

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Abstract. Recent advances in uncooled detector technology now offer the possibility of using relatively inexpensive thermal (7 to 14 μm) imaging devices as tools for studying and quantifying the behaviour of hazardous gases and particulates in atmospheric plumes. An experimental fast-sampling (60 Hz) ground-based uncooled thermal imager (Cyclops), operating with four spectral channels at central wavelengths of 8.6, 10, 11, and 12 μm and one broadband channel (7–14 μm), has been tested at several volcanoes and at two industrial sites, where SO2 was a major constituent of the plumes. This paper presents new algorithms, which include atmospheric corrections to the data and better calibrations to show that SO2 slant column density can be reliably detected and quantified. Our results indicate that it is relatively easy to identify and discriminate SO2 in plumes, but more challenging to quantify the column densities. A full description of the retrieval algorithms, illustrative results and a detailed error analysis are provided. The Noise-Equivalent Temperature Difference (NEΔT) of the spectral channels, a fundamental measure of the quality of the measurements, lies between 0.4–0.8 K, resulting in slant column density errors of 20%. Frame averaging and improved NEΔT's can reduce this error to less than 10%, making a stand-off, day or night operation of an instrument of this type very practical for both monitoring industrial SO2 emissions and for SO2 column densities and emission measurements at active volcanoes. The imaging camera system may also be used to study thermal radiation from meteorological clouds and from the atmosphere.

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Kass, M., and A. Ivaska. "Spectrophotometric determination of sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in gas phase by sequential injection analysis technique." Analytica Chimica Acta 449, no. 1-2 (December 2001): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01364-2.

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Singh, Param Jeet, Aparna Shastri, R. D'Souza, S. V. N. Bhaskara Rao, and B. N. Jagatap. "VUV photoabsorption spectroscopy of sulphur dioxide in the 1400–1600Å region: Vibronic analysis of the system." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 113, no. 4 (March 2012): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.11.007.

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Gueye, F., L. Manceron, A. Perrin, F. Kwabia Tchana, and J. Demaison. "First far-infrared high-resolution analysis of the ν2 band of sulphur dioxide 32S16O18O and 32S18O2." Molecular Physics 114, no. 19 (March 2, 2016): 2769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2016.1154619.

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Flaud, J. M., T. A. Blake, and W. J. Lafferty. "First high-resolution analysis of the ν1, ν3 and ν1 + ν3 bands of sulphur dioxide 33S16O2." Molecular Physics 115, no. 4 (January 20, 2017): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2016.1269966.

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Feig, G., X. Ncipha, S. Naidoo, D. Mabaso, N. Ngcukana, C. Tshehla, and N. Masuku. "Analysis of a period of elevated ozone concentration reported over the Vaal Triangle on 2 June 2013." Clean Air Journal 24, no. 1 (June 3, 2014): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/caj/2014/24/1.7051.

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A peak in the ambient ozone concentration was observed at three of the six ambient air quality monitoring stations in the Vaal Triangle Airshed Priority Area on the second of June 2013. The ozone peak was associated with elevated concentrations of particulate matter, including PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon, but not sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide nor benzene. Back trajectory analysis using Hysplit showed that the air masses containing the high levels of ozone passed over areas influenced by coal fired power stations in the Waterberg, metal processing in the Bojanala region and high intensity fires 30km to 50km upwind of the stations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sulphur dioxide – Analysis'

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