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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sulphur compounds'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Matqi, Khalil Yacoub. "Biodesulphurisation of organic sulphur compounds." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251215.

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2

Khraund, Gurpreet Singh. "Chiral sulphur compounds for asymmetric synthesis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408523.

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3

Baker, Simon Charles. "The biogeochemical cycling of sulphur compounds." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/110339/.

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The concept of a particular atom, compound or group of compounds being transformed by geochemical, anthropogenic and biological processes on a global scale is not new: the cycling of water and carbon and nitrogen have been recognised in biology and geography. A similar cycle can be constructed for sulphur, which at the most basic level is much like that of carbon. The primary difference is that unlike carbon dioxide (C02) and photosynthesis, biological agents do not play as great a part in the removal of sulphur compounds from the atmosphere to a terrestrial form.
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4

Arsene, Cecilia. "Atmospheric degradation mechanisms of organic sulphur compounds." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96417023X.

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5

Herrick, Andrew Philip John. "The determination of biogenic volatile sulphur compounds." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336934.

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6

Kelly, P. F. "Sulphur-nitrogen compounds of platinum and palladium." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46826.

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7

Hill, Peter G. "The analysis of sulphur compounds in beer." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32522.

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A gas chromatographic method for the routine analysis of volatile and semi-volatile sulphur compounds in beer was developed. Various selective and specific detectors, capillary columns and methods of sample preparation were compared. The combination offering the best sensitivity and stability consisted of solid phase microextraction (SPME) as the sample preparation step; a combined polar/non-polar chromatographic column; and a pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD). All parameters were optimised to achieve maximum sensitivity. The system was linear for the range of sulphur compound concentrations found in beer, and displayed good reproducibility. The calibrated SPME-GC-PFPD system was used to analyse several different varieties of beer from a range of breweries, and to investigate the change in the concentrations of sulphur compounds when beer is subjected to illumination.
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8

Jones, R. "Structural studies of sulphur-nitrogen compounds and complexes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47128.

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9

Smith, Neil A. "Metabolism of dimethyl disulphide, carbon disulphide and other volatile sulphur compounds by chemolithoautotrophic sulphur bacteria." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1988. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106592/.

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The isolation of a number of strains of bacteria able to grow on dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl sulphide (DNS) as sole sources of energy is described. The isolates came from diverse habitats including soil, peat, marine mud and a freshwater pond, and were morphologically and physiologically best described as thlobacilli capable of growth as Calvin cycle autotrophs on inorganic sulphur compounds, methylated sulphides or thiocyanate. One Isolate (E6) was examined in detail and analysis of its DNA showed a mean mol% G - C content of 60.5 ± 1.0 which is In the normal range of f. thioparua. Substrate oxidation kinetics indicated that methanethiol (NT), sulphide, formaldehyde and formate could be implicated as intermediates in DNDS metabolism. Growth yields in chemostat culture on DMDS Indicated that energy conservation was probably coupled to the oxidation of formaldehyde and sulphide (derived from DMDS via NT) to CO and sulphide. Further evidence for the proposed oxidation pathway of DMDS was provided by demonstration of activities of a previously uncharacterised NADH-dependent DMDS 'reductase', NT oxidase, catalase, MAD4-dependent formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases, rlbulose 1,5 - blsphosphate carboxylase and a sulphide oxidising system. This is the first demonstration of the Isolation of organisms into pure culture that are capable of growth on DMDS as sole energy substrate. T. thioparua strain Tk-m was found to be capable of growth on carbon disulphide (CS2) and carbonyl sulphide (COS). During growth on CS2, GC/MS analysis of the chloroform-extractable volatiles from the culture medium showed the formation of COS as a transient intermediate In CS2 metabolism. Anaerobic Incubation of call suspensions with CS2 also showed the production of hydrogen sulphilde (H2S) into the headspace. The proposed pathway of CS2 metabolism by T. thioparua strain TK-m most likely involved its reductive cleavage to COS and »¿S, COS then undergoin3 similar hydrolysis to CO- and HjS. This serves as the first detailed study of microbial CS2 metabolism.
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10

Mason, J. "Microbial growth and the oxidation of inorganic sulphur compounds." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373047.

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11

Furusawa, Toshiya. "The formation and reactions of sulphur compounds during distillation." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1215.

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12

Трачевський, Вячеслав Васильович, Антоніна Дмитрівна Кустовська, and Сергій Віталійович Іванов. "Adsorbents modification for sulphur compounds’ extraction from petroleum products." Thesis, International scientific conference «Membrane and sorption processes and technologies” – Kyiv. Ukraine - P. 121, 2010. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/28835.

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The received results show that nanoparticles containing copper are created on the surface of adsorbent. This is proved by sufficient for statistically grounded conclusion number of researched patterns. While the surface modification by the ions of copper the specific reaction ability of modificated adsorbents should be expected. Copper is good desulphoagent and traditionally used as a promotional adding to catalysts of oil-refining processes.
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13

Lawrence, Simon Ewen. "A synthetic and crystallographic study of some dithladiazolyl/ium compounds." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5510/.

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This work is concerned primarily with the structural aspects of the heterocyclic dithiadiazolyl and dithiadiazolylium rings. Chapter one reviews both the 7π dithiadiazolyl and the 6π dithiadiazolylium ring systems. The synthetic routes to these ring systems are outlined, as well as the reactions that they are known to participate in. Chapter two outlines the general methods used to synthesise and analyse the compounds prepared and examined in this thesis. Chapter three investigates the crystal structures of various salts containing the dithiadiazolylium ring system. All of these salts possess halide anions, and the relationship between the size of the halogen and its position in relation to the heterocyclic ring is examined. In chapter four the new metallo-dithiadiazolylium species, Hg[CNSNS](_2)[AsF(_6)](-2), is examined as a potential transfer reagent for the dithiadiazolylium ring. The previously unknown halogen-substituted compounds, [X.CNSNS] [AsF(_6)] (X = Br, Cl), have been prepared from this metallo-dithiadiazolylium system. Chapter five outlines the crystal structures of four novel compounds formed by metal-insertion into the S-S bond of the dithiadiazolyl ring. The sixth chapter indicates possible ideas based on the work outlined in this thesis.
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14

Doyle, Alison. "The uptake and metabolism of sulphur compounds by saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/730.

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15

Bateson, S. W. "Ion-selective electrode studies on sulphur compounds of process streams." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354739.

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16

Wall, S. W. "The influence of sulphur and nitrogen compounds on hydrocarbon combustion." Thesis, City University London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355589.

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17

Wilson, Jonathan Mark. "An investigation into the origins of sedimentary organic sulphur compounds." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240495.

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18

Coode-Bate, Jack. "Effects of broccoli-derived sulphur compounds on the prostate microenvironment." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/67789/.

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Epidemiological studies suggest a negative association between prostate cancer risk and dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables. These vegetables have a characteristic sulphur metabolism, delivering specialised compounds including glucosinolates, such as glucoraphanin, and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO). An interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials at Quadram Institute Bioscience suggested an increase in inorganic sulphate, adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP) and potential antioxidant capacity of prostate tissue following broccoli consumption. Sulforaphane, a hydrolytic product of glucoraphanin, influences multiple pathways relevant to prostate cancer prevention. Furthermore, degradation of SMCSO produces reactive intermediates, which induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, and ultimately yields high proportions of inorganic sulphate in human metabolism. Sulphate is likely to drive synthesis of phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulphate. Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) fuels this process, producing ADP and phosphate. As cancerous cells are unable to adjust their metabolism, depleting ATP by diet could prove an effective strategy for cancer prevention. A high-dose, randomised, parallel-unblinded broccoli-intervention study was carried out in men awaiting trans-perineal prostate biopsies. Global metabolomic and targeted metabolite analyses were undertaken on prostate, adipose and urine samples to test the biological availability and activity of sulphur-containing metabolites from the study diet. In vitro experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of sulforaphane and SMCSO on real-time prostate bioenergetics and redox status of proteins relevant to prostate cancer. S MCSO was present at significantly higher levels (p < 0.01) in both the urine and prostates of men receiving a broccoli-enriched diet. Whereas sulforaphane and its conjugates were undetectable in tissue. Levels of ATP and sulphate were not different between study groups. At physiological concentrations neither sulforaphane nor SMCSO affected mitochondrial function or redox status in vitro. SMCSO accumulation in tissue after broccoli consumption may mediate the putative effects of cruciferous vegetables towards prostate cancer prevention through its degradation to highly-reactive intermediate products.
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19

Lees, Audrey. "Nitrosation and other studies of iron sulphur nitrosyl complexes." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14976.

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A structure for the selenium analogue of the Roussin's black anion, [Fe4S3(NO)7]− had been proposed, on the basis of 15N.N.M.R. spectroscopy results, as being similar to that of the sulphur molecule. X-Ray crystallography was carried out on a crystal of Ph4AS Fe4Se 3(NO)7]− to determine whether this conclusion was correct. The crystal, Mr=1053.67, was triclinic of space group p1̅ with a=13.122 (9), b=13.936 (9), c=9.908 (8)A, α =99.30 (6), β =97.04 (6), γ=71.94 (5)° and Z=2. This structure was refined from diffractometer data to an R value of 0.047 and was found to consist of isolated Ph4As+ cations and [Fe4Se3(NO)7]− anions which exhibit approximate C3v symmetry, and agrees with that deduced from earlier work. It was also found that the capping influences the size of the Fe4 cage. Nitrosation studies of amines by iron sulphur nitrosyl clusters had reached a variety of conflicting conclusions; i.e. that no anaerobic nitrosation occurred and that the formation of solvocomplexes may or may not have been important in the nitrosation mechanism. An investigation was undertaken using tetranuclear, dinuclear and mononuclear iron sulphur nitrosyl complexes in a variety of atmospheres and solvents with amines of different basicities. It was found that tetranuclear clusters do not nitrosate amines readily and that solvocomplex formation is not important in nitrosation by tetranuclear clusters. The cluster does require to be oxidised however. Only morpholine and pyrrolidine, both of which were capable of forming mononuclear solvocomplexes themselves, were nitrosated by dinuclear clusters and it is thought that the formation of solvocomplexes is important to nitrosation by di-iron species, which was found to occur as readily in an atmosphere of nitrogen as in air. These amines were also nitrosated by mononuclear iron complexes and it was found that the dinitrito species [Fe(N0)2(N2)2]- did not nitrosate amines more readily than other monoiron sulphur nitrosyl complexes. Fragmentation and reassembly is thought to be the likely mechanism of conversion of the Roussin's black salt anion, [Fe4S3(NO)7]-, to the cubane-type cluster, although mixed cluster experiments were found to be invalid for these studies because the black salt anion spontaneously converts to the cubane-type cluster on refluxing it in toluene. Experiments done to investigate the likely mechanism of the methylation of [Fe(SH)2(NO)2]- found that reactions with bromopentane, which would cause the sulphur atom to be methylated, and pentanethiol, which would attack the metal atom, both gave the same product. Chapter One summaries the history and development of iron sulphur nitrosyl chemistry and provides an introduction to the biological aspects of this field of work. Chapter Two describes the crystal structure determination of tetraphenylarsonium heptanitrosyl-tri-μ3-seleno tetraferrate (1-). Chapter Three provides an account of a study of the nitrosation of amines by iron sulphur nitrosyl complexes of various nuclearities and suggests mechanisms for and limitations on their nistrosating ability. In Chapter Four is to be found a description of two other lines of research which were undertaken; a study of the mechanism of the conversion of [Fe4S3(NO)7]− to [Fe4s4(no)4] and an investigation of the methylation of [Fe(SH)2(NO)2]−. Chapter Five contains a description of all preparations used during the work.
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20

Martins, Emanuel. "X-ray spectroscopic study of the electronic structure of sulfur compounds." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283717.

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21

Fretz, Claudia Barbara. "Aroma active sulphur compounds and their precursors in petite arvine wine /." Zurich : Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15932.

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22

Vega, Martínez Esther. "Minimisation and abatement of volatile sulphur compounds in sewage sludge processing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283655.

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Environmental pollution related to odour emission has become in the last years an important public concern. Closeness of odour-causing facilities such as waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) to urban areas further aggravates the problem. Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) are one of the main groups of odour causing compounds in WWTPs, especially in the sludge processing. Nowadays, there are a variety of options available for the effective treatment of odorous sulphur compounds emission. This thesis has focused on the minimisation during sewage sludge conditioning process and the abatement of these compounds by treatments such as advanced oxidation processes and adsorption at the end-of-pipe
La contaminació atmosfèrica relacionada amb la emissió de males olors s’ha convertit en els darrers anys en un motiu de preocupació social. La proximitat d’instal·lacions causants de males olors com les estacions depuradores d’aigües residuals (EDAR) a les àrees urbanes, agreuja encara més el problema. Els compostos volàtils de sofre (CVS) són un dels principals grups de compostos causants de males olors, especialment en el tractament i processament dels fangs generats a les EDARs. Actualment, existeix una gran varietat d’opcions disponibles per al tractament efectiu de les emissions dels CVS causants de males olors. La present tesi s’ha focalitzat en la minimització de emissions durant el condicionament químic dels fangs i la eliminació mitjançant tractaments a final de procés com processos d'oxidació avançada o adsorció en carbons actius
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23

Viveros-Garcia, T. "Adsorption of sulphur compounds on nickel catalysts : poisoning and regeneration studies." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37886.

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24

Tanner, Ruth Marie. "A spectroscopic and computational investigation of unstable boron and sulphur compounds." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0027/MQ51101.pdf.

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25

Yan, H. "Reaction of copper with low concentrations of oxygen and sulphur compounds." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631719.

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26

Allen, Andrew G. "A physico-chemical investigation of atmospheric sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine compounds." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235717.

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27

Sivapalan, Tharsini. "The bioavailability and biological activity of sulphur-containing compounds from broccoli." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66547/.

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The bioavailability of the broccoli-derived sulphur-containing compounds, glucoraphanin (GR), S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) and sulforaphane (SF), were quantified through a dietary intervention study in humans with the use of soups made with three broccoli genotypes that differed in their Myb28 alleles. One genotype was homozygous for the normal broccoli Myb28B allele while the other two were either heterozygous or homozygous for a Myb28V allele introgressed from the wild species Brassica villosa. Phytochemical analysis of the soups confirmed that the presence of one or more Myb28V alleles led to higher levels of GR. A randomised, double-blinded, three-phase, crossover study was employed to quantify the pharmacokinetics of GR, SF and SMCSO following consumption of the soups. A significantly higher plasma concentration and urinary excretion of GR, SMCSO and SF and metabolites occurred following consumption of broccoli soup derived from the Myb28B/V and Myb28V/V genotypes compared to Myb28B/B genotype. There was considerable inter-individual variation in the excretion of these metabolites following consumption of the soups, with certain volunteers having consistently higher plasma levels of SF and higher levels of SF excretion for each of the different phases of the study. However, there was no correlation between plasma and urine levels of SF with SMCSO or GR. The use of in vitro models indicated that intact GR and SMCSO may either require a transporter to diffuse across the enterocytes or diffuse paracellularly to reach the systemic circulation. As an initial investigation to explore the biological activity of SMCSO, experiments were undertaken to investigate whether SMCSO could induce nrf2-regulated genes within human and mouse liver cells, with the use of SF as a positive control. No gene induction was observed with SMCSO and it was concluded that the biological activity of SMCSO was likely to reside in its microbial degradation products.
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28

Lambert, Ronald J. W. "The bonding, synthesis and electrochemistry of some iron-sulphur-nitrosyl compounds." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14972.

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Salts of the bls(μ-thiosulphato-S)-bis(dinitrosylferrate)(2-) anion, [Fe2(S2o3)2(NO)4]2- can be prepared by the reaction of iron(ll)/thiosulphate mixtures with nitrite ion. The crystal structure of {(Ph3P)2N}2[ Fe2(S203)2(NO)4] reveals it to adopt a trans structure. 15N n.m.r. studies of this salt also show it to adopt the trans structure in solution. The anion reacts with thiolate ion, RS-, to provide good yields of Fe2(SR)2(NO)4; e.p.r. studies show the mononitrosyl [Fe(N0)(SR)3]3− to be a major intermediate in this reaction. Salts of the Black Roussin ion, [Fe4S3(NO)7]- react with aryldiazonium salts, ArN2+ , to produce Fe2(SAr)2(NO)4. 13C n.m.r. studies of Fe2(SC6H4F)2(NO)4 reveal it to exist in a 1:1 ratio of cis and trans isomers. Reaction of the Black anion with trialkylsulphonium or sulphoxonium salts leads to the metathesis product. The crystal structure of Me3S[Fe4S3(NO)7] shows no evidence for the closure of the iron-sulphur cage by the sulphur of the Me3S cation. Reaction of the Black anion with trialkyloxonium salts provides good yields of Fe2(SR)2(NO)4. Electrochemical studies on Fe2(SR)2(NO)4 by conventional cyclic voltammetry shows two chemically and electrochemically reversible one electron reductions to produce [Fe2(SR)2(NO)4]− and [Fe2(SR)2(NO)4]2−. The monoanion is a paramagnetic complex with g= 1.995; coupling to four equivalent nitrogens shows the presence of a delocalised electron. The electrochemical behaviour of the dianion is dependent on the electrode material; reversible on a glassy carbon electrode but quasi-reversible on platinum. Fe2(SR)2(NO)4 also exhibits a three electron oxidation; the anodic current of which increases in the presence of primary amines. Electrochemical studies on the Black Roussin ion and its selenium analogue [Fe4Se3(NO)7]− show similar electrochemical responses: three reversible one electron reductions and an irreversible multielectron oxidation. Extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations on [Fe2S2(NO)4]2− , Fe2(SMe)2(NO)4 and [Fe2(S203)2(N0)4]2− reveal little direct Fe-Fe interaction in these complexes. Reduction or oxidation would result in the addition or removal of electron density from orbitals of mainly Fe-S character. An electrochemical study of Fe(NO)(S2C N R2)2 by cyclic voltammetry shows a reversible one electron reduction and an Irreversible oxidation in tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane. In acetonitrile the reduction of the complex is coupled to a chemical step making the reduction chemically irreversible at low scan rates. The observed variation of E with R is due to the inductive effect of R.
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29

Zhu, Shuguang. "Generation of 1,3-dipoles containing carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0008/NQ34250.pdf.

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30

李兆銘 and Siu-ming Lee. "The chemistry of triosmium carbonyl clusters containing oxygen and sulphur donor ligands." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893752.

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31

Lee, Siu-ming. "The chemistry of triosmium carbonyl clusters containing oxygen and sulphur donor ligands." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18062015.

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32

Bakare, Oladapo. "Synthesis and properties of sulphur-containing long chain fatty acid derivatives." Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13544561.

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33

Eyice, Özge. "Diversity and activity of microorganisms degrading methylated sulphur compounds in terrestrial environments." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/54120/.

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Dimethylsulphide (DMS) and methanethiol (MT) play a crucial role in the biogeochemical sulphur cycle, atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Bacteria are a major sink of DMS in the global cycle and a number of bacteria that can utilise DMS as sole carbon and energy source have been isolated. This study investigated the diversity and activity of microorganisms degrading methylated sulphur compounds (mainly DMS and DMSO) in terrestrial environments. Initially, methylotrophic strains were isolated from soil and plant enrichments, with Hyphomicrobium being the most dominant genus. However, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the enrichment cultures revealed the dominance of bacteria related to Thiobacillus, Rhodococcus and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group. The diversity of methanol- and DMS-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere of Brassica oleracea and surrounding bulk soil was also assessed by enrichment culture. DGGE analysis suggested the dominance of members of the Methylophilaceae in methanol enrichments whereas bacterial populations related to Cytophaga, Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus were predominant in DMS enrichments. There was no significant difference between the bacterial diversity of enrichments obtained from rhizosphere and bulk soil. A functional gene marker was developed to determine the diversity of bacteria degrading methylated sulphur comounds. The gene encoding methanethiol oxidase (mto), a key enzyme in DMS degradation pathways, was identified for the first time in Hyphomicrobium sp. VS; it is a member of the selenium-binding protein family with closely related genes detected in a number of bacterial genomes. A primer pair targeting putative bacterial mto genes was designed and successfully applied on DMS/MT degrading isolates and terrestrial samples. mto PCR products from DMS-enriched rhizosphere were cloned and the mto genes found to be related to those of Thiobacillus strains and unidentified bacteria. Stable-isotope probing (SIP) combined with metagenomics was carried out to identify the active DMS degraders in soil. DGGE analysis of the SIP experiment revealed the dominance of Methylophilaceae family members and Thiobacillus genus. mto clone libraries from SIP-DNA fractions resulted in two clades. One of these clades includes Mto of Thiobacillus spp., the other clade could not be matched to any known bacteria. Those sequences might belong to Methylophilaceae or undiscovered DMS or MT oxidisers. High-throughput sequencing was applied to 13C-DNA, results showed the dominance of Burkholderia, Thiobacillus and Methylophilaceae. Overall results suggest that diversity of DMS-degrading populations in terrestrial environments is greater than previously realised and mto specific PCR is an efficient method for the analysis of microbial diversity of DMS degrading bacteria. It was found that Thiobacillus and potentially Methylophilaceae strains have significant roles in soil DMS cycling. Although metagenomics analysis needs further improvement, it was shown that SIP combined with high throughput sequencing is a useful approach to investigate active DMS/MT degraders in soil.
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34

Coadou, Erwan. "Organosulphur compounds for electrochemical energy storage applications : supercapacitors and lithium-sulphur batteries." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706291.

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The work presented in this manuscript concentrates on investigating the use of organosulfur compounds as potential electrolyte components for electrochemical energy storage systems, in particular in lithium-sulfur batteries. Novel glyme-functionalised sulfonium-based ionic liquids were synthesized and characterised before being tested as pure electrolytes for symmetrical supercapacitors based on activated carbon electrodes. The adaptation of the structure of the ionic liquids to the porosity of activated carbon was found to be of fundamental importance for the design of more efficient systems. For lithium-sulfur batteries, the study has enabled a better understanding of the mechanisms involved during the operation of the sulfur/diphenyl disulfide redox couple in a range of glyme-based solvents. Similarly, the influence of the glyme-based solvents on the chemical equilibria between organic and mineral polysulfides and on the system operation has been investigated. The initial results demonstrated that this is a particularly promising strategy in order to significantly improve the performances of lithium-sulfur batteries.
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35

Hinni, Aleka. "Synthesis of metal sulphur complexes with potential industrial applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711612.

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36

Friend, Ann Marie. "The interaction of sulphur containing aroma compounds from Allium vegetables with meat protein." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408150.

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37

Broomfield, Mark. "Spectra, kinetics and mechanisms of organic sulphur radicals and compounds of atmospheric interest." Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316167.

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38

Harvey, Adam. "The oxidative storage and reductive release of sulphur compounds by automobile catalytic converters." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10941.

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Hydrogen sulphide emission by catalytic converter-fitted automobiles is a problem, because the gas has an extremely unpleasant odour, which is detectable by the human nose at concentrations below 1 ppm. The problematic hydrogen sulphide emissions are produced by the "storage release" mechanism, in which the catalyst absorbs sulphur dioxide during net oxidising conditions and releases it very rapidly as hydrogen sulphide when the stoichiometry of the exhaust gas changes to net reducing. After a prolonged period of oxidative storage the peak emission of hydrogen sulphide by "storage release" can greatly exceed that possible by direct conversion of sulphur dioxide during net reduction conditions (termed the "steady state" mode of emission). Components of the formulation of typical TWCs (Three Way Converters), as well as iron, nickel and barium doped analogues, were prepared. Storage-release sequences were then simulated on the samples at a number of different temperatures on purpose-built 'catalyst test apparatus'. Temperature programmed reductions were performed in the same apparatus by dosing the samples with sulphur dioxide in oxidising conditions at 500°C (the temperature at which the emission of hydrogen sulphide is conventionally said to become a problem). The TPR spectra exhibited sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide peaks, the hydrogen sulphide peak always occurring at the higher temperature. The addition of platinum to various oxides and oxide mixtures was shown to increase the proportion of stored sulphur emitted as hydrogen sulphide and to lower the temperature at which storage-release effects occur. These effects were evident in the lowered temperatures at which the TPR spectra peak maxima occurred and the increased size of hydrogen sulphide peaks relative to hose of sulphur dioxide.
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39

譚偉信 and Wai-shun Tam. "Laser spectroscopy of transition metal monosulfides." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244816.

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40

Mišovie, Zuzana. "Optimalizace SPME při stanovení těkavých sirných látek ve sladu a pivu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216548.

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Volatile sulphur substances originating during technological processes in malt and beer production can be a cause of various off-flavors and aromas. Their precursors are sulphur-containing amino acids. Sulphur substances play an important role in brewing as even in very low concentrations they can negatively affect total character of beer. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor volatile sulphur substances and their precursors to eliminate undesirable processes. Because sulphur substances occur in beer and raw materials at trace levels, microanalytical methods are used for their detection. This diploma thesis describes the problems of sulphur substances and their determination using the SPME/GC method.
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41

Jarníková, Tereza. "The distribution of reduced sulphur compounds in polar environments : insights from observations and climatologies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57957.

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Dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) are key components in the marine reduced sulphur cycle, where they play several roles in the ecology of bacteria and phytoplankton. Upon emission to the atmosphere, DMS plays a role in atmospheric sulphur budgets and radiative balance, having potentially climate-cooling effects. This thesis aims to provide insight into the distribution of these compounds in polar marine waters. This is done by constructing a revised climatology of DMS budgets in the Southern Ocean and by presenting new DMS/P data in the Arctic Ocean. Chapter 2 presents a revised summertime climatology of DMS distributions and fluxes in the Southern Ocean, based on the inclusion of a significant number of high-resolution measurements (~700 000) made in recent years. Based on the climatology written by Lana et al in 2011, the revised climatology shows notable differences in DMS budgets. In particular, we find increased DMS concentrations and sea–air fluxes south of the Polar Frontal zone (between 60 and 70°S), and increased sea–air fluxes in mid-latitude waters (40–50°S). These changes are attributable to both the inclusion of new data and the use of region-specific parameters (e.g. data cut-off thresholds and interpolation radius) in our objective analysis. DMS concentrations in the Southern Ocean exhibit weak though statistically significant correlations with several oceanographic variables, including ice cover, mixed-layer depth and chlorophyll-a. Chapter 3 presents new DMS and DMSP measurements made in the Canadian sector of the Arctic Ocean on the 2015 GEOTRACES expedition, as well as estimates of sea-air fluxes and hydrographic data that presents some potential explanations for these distributions. Across the full sampling transect, we find weak relationships between DMSP:chl a ratios and known diatom marker pigments and elevated DMS/P in partially ice-covered areas. Our high spatial resolution measurements allowed us to examine DMS variability over small scales, and to document DMS concentration gradients across surface hydrographic frontal features. Together, these two chapters help to fill out the understanding of the distribution and cycling of reduced sulphur in polar marine waters, and can serve to provide a baseline for future reduced sulphur work in these regions.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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42

Abedelrasoul, Abuelgasim Abbaker. "Studies on the chemistry of some sulphides and of some sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333763.

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43

Wait, Simon Timothy. "The synthesis of poly(sulphur nitride) and some novel 4-phenyl-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolium compounds." Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6481/.

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[S(-5)N(_5)]Cl has been reacted with a wide variety of reducing agents leading to a new non-explosive route to high quality powdered (SN)x. Data collected from these reductions has led to a new mechanistic proposal for the formation of the powdered polymer. The vacuum thermolysis of [S(_5)N(_5)Cl with Li(_3)N produced S(_2)N(_2) in low yield. The new supporting electrolyte, [Bu(_4)N]AsF(_6), was prepared, and has a greater scanning window in SO(_2) compared with any others previously reported. S(_5)N(_5)ASF(_6) has been produced in high purity and is much less moisture and oxygen sensitive than any other S(_5)N(_5) salts previously prepared. The new supporting electrolyte, [Bu(_4)N]AsF(_6), in conjunction with [Bu(_4)N]BF(_4), was used to study the electrochemistry of S(_5)N(_5)AsF(_6). [SN]AsF(_6), [S(_4)N(_3)]BF(_4), S(-2)N(_2) and [PhCN(_2)S(_2)][S(_3)N(_3)] by cyclic voltammetry. Electroreduction of both S(_5)N(_5)AsF(_6) and [SN]AsF(_6) produced conducting forms of (SN)x containing AsF(_6) , the latter product having a molecular formula of approximately S(_5)N(_5)AsF(_6). Exhaustive electrolysis of [S(_5)N(_5)]BF(_4) showed the breakdown of BF(_4) anion, producing BF(_3), which was seen as the CH(_3)CN-BF(_3) adduct, and F(^.) which reacted with the solvent, SO(_2), to produce SO(_2)F(_2); the S(_4)N(_4)(^.)S0(_3) adduct was also produced. Reduction of [S(_5)N(_5)]Cl by (PhCN(_2)S(_2))(_2) produced [[PhCN(_2)S(_2)](_2)Cl][S(_3)N(_3)],(I) , in CH(_3)CN and [PhCN(_2)S(_2)][S(_3)N(_3)], (II), in pentane. Reduction of [S(_4)N(_3)]C1 by (PhCN(_2)S(_2))(_2) in CH(_3)CN produced [PhCN(_2)S(_2)] [S(_3)N(_2)]C1, (III). X-ray structure determination has given accurate structures for all three compounds. (I), (II) and (III) were all successfully prepared in high yields. Large crystals of ( II) were prepared from the reaction between [S(_5)N(_5)]AlC1(_4) and (PhCN(_2)S(_2))(_2) in SO(_2), and were shown to contain some free [PhCN(_2)S(_2)]' monomers by e.s.r. spectroscopy. When vapours of (SN)x and (PhCN(_2)S(_2))(_2) were mixed together ( II) was produced adding further evidence for S(_3)N(_3)' being the major vapour phase species of (SN)x. Another e.s.r. active species, [PhCN(_2)S(_2)](_2)Cl (IV), was produced from the solid state reaction between ½(PhCN(_2)S(_2))(_2) and [PhCN(_2)S(_2)]Cl. (I),(II) , (III) and (IV) were all subjected to a low temperature D.C. nitrogen plasma, producing (PhCN(_3)S(_2))(_2), except for (IV) which decomposed to form [PhCN(_2)S(_2)]CI and a black non-conductive polymer.
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44

Nobrega, Ian C. C. "Some aspects of the formation and release of volatile sulphur compounds in meat systems." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297316.

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45

Pos, Willer H. "On the processes and mechanisms affecting carbonyl sulfide and carbon monoxide photoproduction in natural waters." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25815.

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46

Winter, Rolf Walter. "Chemistry of Pentafluorothio (SF5) Alkyl Derivatives." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1281.

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Part I describes the preparation of a number of useful intermediates from the sultone F5SCHCF2OSO2 (1). These intermediates include the following: the ketene F5SC(SO2)=C=O (21), the unique sultone F4S=CCF2OSO2 (23), and various ionic intermediates of the form Y+ [F5SC(SO2F) COX]-. These intermediates play an important role in providing new pathways for preparing fluorosulfonic acid precursors. Fluorosulfonic acids are excellent candidates to improve the efficiency of environmentally safe fuel cells. It was possible to obtain new derivatives of 1 by various reactions of 21, 23 and the ionic intermediates, but it was not possible to introduce an alkyl substituent with either of the intermediates. Part II is concerned with the synthesis of SF5 containing epoxides as possible monomers. When polymerized, materials of high dielectric strength and high chemical resistance should be obtained. The reaction chemistry of one of the epoxides was investigated and it was found that all reactions studied were accompanied by the loss of the SF5 group. Thus, it was not possible to obtain any polymeric materials. Part III deals with the synthetic accessibility of SF$\sb5$ malonic esters and thence of SF$\sb5$ acrylic esters. These compounds should serve as building blocks in the synthesis of SF$\sb5$ containing pyrimidines. The CF3 analogue, 5-trifluoromethyl uracil, is used as an antiviral drug. In order to synthesize either SF5 malonic ester or 2-SF5 acrylic ester an SF5 group has to be introduced at a secondary carbon. A secondary SF$\sb5$ compound could be synthesized (F5SCH (COOC2H5) (CHBrOAc)) but could not be converted to the respective malonic ester F5SCH (COOC2H5) compound. Part IV describes the reactions and preparations of Parts I-III.
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47

Savage, Nicholas Henry. "Studies of the chemical transformation of atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur compounds by comparing data with models." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302208.

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48

Choi, Yoon S. "Studies in Fluorine Chemistry: 13C NMR Investigation of SF5/SO2F Fluorinated Systems." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4717.

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The purpose of this thesis was two fold: (i) The synthesis and characterization of SF5 containing dienes. (ii) The characterization of hydro/fluorocarbon compounds containing SF5/S02F groups via their 13C NMR spectra. A new SF5CH2CHBrCH2CF=CF2 was prepared and characterized as a precursor to new dielectric polymers. This new adduct was made from the reaction of pentafluorothio bromide with l,l,2-trifluoro-1,4-pentadiene. A SF5-diene was prepared from the reaction of pentafluorothio chloride with acetylene. This reaction involves a radical addition mechanism. The SF5 group is bonded to the carbon atom carrying the most hydrogens. SF5 - dienes are capable of undergoing different reactions, such as polymerization. Fluorocarbon sulfonyl fluorides (RS02F), which have been synthesized in our lab, were characterized by their 13C NMR spectra. The 13C NMR data of these sulfonyl fluorides show chemical shift values for the methyl and methylene groups next to a fluoroalkyl sulfonyl fluoride group in the 52.8-65.7 ppm range. The spectra showed that the inductive effect of electronegative substituents has a major influence on the 1Jc-F and 1Jc-H coupling. Infrared, 1H, 19F and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra are presented to support the assigned structure for the new compounds, SF5CH=CHCH=CHC1 and SF5CH2CHBrCH2CF=CF2.
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49

Abdul, Majid Aman Shah Bin. "The influence of selected sulphur containing compounds on retinal cell death : neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulphide in a glaucoma model." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bfb5ec82-9141-4784-94a8-0df3ce9d9471.

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Ganglion cell death in glaucoma is caused by a variety of insults that include ischemia, insufficient neurotrophic support and oxidative stress. Experimental studies were therefore conducted on cell cultures to determine how serum deprivation (to mimic insufficient neurotrophic support) or oxidative glutamate toxicity (GB), cause oxidative stress and induce retinal cell death. Moreover, studies were carried out to deduce whether selected sulphur containing compounds can blunt any negative influences to cells in culture and/or a defined ischaemic insult to the rat retina in situ, as this might suggest their use for the treatment of glaucoma. Serum deprivation and GB caused generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis-like death to transformed retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cells). RGC-5 cells were more susceptible to the detrimental effects of GB than serum deprivation. RGC-5 cells subjected to serum deprivation appear to die by mechanisms that resemble classical apoptosis more closely than that caused by GB and the phase between the maximal generation of ROS and cell death were different. Cell death caused by serum deprivation was caspase-dependent but this was not the case for GB. Moreover, of the two sulphur compounds sulbutiamine and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), sulbutiamine blunts the effect of serum deprivation more effectively. In addition, the pan caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk attenuated the negative effect of serum deprivation to RGC-5 cells while the necroptosis inhibitor (necrostsatin-1) counteracted solely the insult of GB. The sulphur containing compounds, ACS1 and ACS 67 which release hydrogen sulphide (H2S) slowly and NAC (a pro-cysteine GSH precursor) attenuated GB-induced cell death of RGC-5 cells. In contrast, sulbutiamine (a lipophilic thiolic thiamine derivative) was particularly effective in protecting RGC-5 cells from an insult of serum deprivation. Moreover, all of the sulphur compounds directly sequestered different types of ROS but with varying efficiency. Common features by which all tested sulphur containing agents seem to elicit a mode of action include the stimulation of GSH and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as to scavenge excess free radicals. Moreover, the slow release of H2S from the ACS compounds appears to protect cells from oxidative stress through increasing the level of GSH, modulation of the cystine uptake transporter xCT, stimulation of the oxidative stress related transcription factor Nrf2 and the stimulation of pro-survival signalling pathways. The slow releasing H2S sulphur compound ACS67 also counteracts a number of detrimental influences to the rat retina in situ because of ischemia/reperfusion that includes damage to their ganglion cells. This suggests that such sulphur compounds might find a use in the treatment of glaucoma where ischemia probably plays a part in the disease process.
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Campbell, Rosemary Helen. "A study of catalytic reactions of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide on perovskite-type compounds of the formula La₁₋ₓSrₓCoO₃." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1986. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/59c8672f-7581-4086-99f2-89fa2c37b3a7/1/.

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This work investigates the use of the perovskite-type compound La1-xSrxCoO3 (x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) as a catalyst for the reaction SO2 + 2CO → 1/x Sx + 2CO2. Adsorption of SO2 and CO separately on the degassed catalysts at several temperatures, was followed by TPD (temperature programmed desorption), with mass spectroscopic detection of the desorbed species. Trends in the mass changes on adsorption are explained in terms of the changes in reducibility of La1-xSrxCoO3 on changing x. Computation of the SO2 TPD results, which showed two and sometimes three adsorbed species, yielded desorption energies of the range 30-200 kJ mol⁻¹. Several SO2 and CO mixtures were allowed to flow over La1-xSrxCo03 at various temperatures and flow rates. The removal of SO2 and production of CO2 were followed using gas chromatography and sulphur was collected in a cold trap. LaO.7Srg 3COO3 at 550°C removed SO2 from a stoichiometric mixture of SO2 and CO very efficiently without producing COS. COS production, if it occurs, may be problematical in a commercial SO2 removal application. XRD (X-ray diffraction) revealed that the fresh compounds all had the perovskite-type structure, those exposed to either SO2 or CO retained this structure and those exposed to SO2 and CO together were no longer La, Srx CoO3 XRD of the used catalysts showed theI -x X 3)presence of SrSO4 on those exposed to only SO2 and the presence of sulphides of La, Sr and Co, on those exposed to SO2 and CO. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) of catalysts exposed to SO2 and CO indicated sulphidation, with some sulphate species also present. The results may be explained in terms of the relative oxidizibilitiesof the SO2, CO, SO2 reduced catalyst, 'CO reduced catalyst', 'reactionreduced catalyst' and La1-x Sr Co031x x 3The continuation of the operation of the material for the removal of SO2 suggests that in this instance the active catalyst is no longer a perovskite-type oxide, but possibly a metal sulphide.
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