Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sulphides – Environmental aspects

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sulphides – Environmental aspects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulphides – Environmental aspects"

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Paradis, M., J. Duchesne, A. Lamontagne, and D. Isabel. "Using red mud bauxite for the neutralization of acid mine tailings: a column leaching test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 43, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-071.

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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an environmental problem produced when sulphides come in contact with an oxidant (± bacteria) and water, producing acid generation and metals leaching. One solution proposed is to use red mud bauxite (RMB), which is very alkaline, to neutralize oxidized acidic tailings. A column leaching test has been set up to evaluate major aspects of field constraints. First, a field investigation was conducted in which RMB was spread in aggregates before mixing with tailings. This setup has been reproduced in the laboratory and compared with a homogeneous mixture. The analyses of the water effluent do not show any important difference between the two mixtures. Second, some studies show that the addition of Cl brine to RMB helps to maintain the long-term neutralization potential. Brine addition increased the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Cu in drainage water. Columns were set up with 10% and 20% RMB to evaluate the effect of the quantity applied. Addition of greater than 20% RMB increases the leachate alkalinity and concentrations of Al, Cu, Pb, As, Fe, and SO42– in drainage waters. The addition of 10% RMB, however, significantly improves the quality of drainage water over a period of 125 days and results in concentrations and pH values within the ranges of those recommended by Directive 019 of the Ministère de l'environnement, Québec.Key words: acid mine drainage, red mud bauxite, tailings, environmental geochemistry, neutralization.
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Bulloch, J. H. "The influence of manganese sulphide inclusions on environmental assisted crack growth behaviour: fractographic aspects." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 10, no. 2 (October 1988): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8442(88)90001-8.

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Dias, S. P., and J. S. Matos. "Small diameter gravity sewers: self-cleansing conditions and aspects of wastewater quality." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0264.

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The construction of conventional sewerage systems in small communities, with pipes laid on a uniform slope and manholes regularly spaced, is sometimes not economically feasible, because of the high costs of sewer installation. Under those circumstances, the small diameter gravity sewers (SDGS) have often proven to be substantially less costly than conventional sewers. Typically, in SDGS systems the wastewater from one or more households is discharged into an interceptor tank (or a single compartment septic tank). The settled effluent is discharged afterwards into small diameter sewers operating under gravity. In this paper, special emphasis is given to the analysis of self-cleansing conditions and to the analysis of risks of sulphide generation and occurrence of septic conditions in SDGS systems. For the evaluation of the self-cleansing conditions, the critical velocity and the critical shear stress were computed according to the Shields equation. The forecasting of dissolved oxygen concentrations and sulphide build-up along the lines, for different flow conditions, was done running an established wastewater quality model.
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Yavorovskiy, Oleksandr, Sergii Omelchuk, Lyudmyla Sokurenko, Tetyana Zinchenko, Nina Solokha, Vasyl Aleksiichuk, and Roman Brukhno. "ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS OF METAL NANOCOMPOUNDS PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION: HYGIENIC, CLINICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 8 (2019): 1504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201908117.

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Introduction: Nanometals are the most common nanoobjects, used nearly in all industrial branches. Considerable advances in the nanotechnological production have led to progressive use of nanomaterials in industry, though occupational safety of the nanoindustry staff is insufficiently studied. The aim: Estimation of labor safety during production of metal nanoparticles for the purpose of defining necessary and efficient preventive measures. Materials and methods: The personnel of the hygienic departments of the O.Bogomolets National medical university have conducted numerous physiological, hygienic, biochemical, morphological and toxicological studies. The scientists have studied and revealed hazardous workplace factors of various metal nanoparticle production technologies, particularly those of metal nanoparticles: nanosilver, titanium nitride, chromium disilicide, lead sulphide, etc. Results and conclusions: The authors have developed method of the occupational exposure metal nanoparticles exposure air control, assessed and analyzed health of the personnel engaged in production of the nanometals. The paper contains data of the blood cells functional activity assessment, with the detected possible molecular nanoparticles toxicity mechanisms due to the altered gene expression. The authors have studied effect of nanoaerosols onto the laboratory rats respiratory organs, evaluated their blood biochemical characteristics, liver lipid content of fatty acids as well as defined morpho-functional hepatic transformations of the laboratory animals which underwent lead sulfide nanoparticles treatment.
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Heijnen, J. J., M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, R. Mulder, R. Weltevrede, and A. Mulder. "Development and Scale-Up of an Aerobic Biofilm Air-Lift Suspension Reactor." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1993): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0505.

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A new aerobic treatment concept for the aerobic oxidation of COD, ammonia and sulphide has been developed. The concept is based on the formation of biofilms on small suspended particles in an air-lift reactor. This reactor concept enables to combine a low sludge loading with a high volumetric loading. This makes the reactor especially useful for e.g. nitrification processes. It is also feasible to operate under conditions of marginal sludge production. In this article the scale up aspects of such a process are discussed.
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Onwudiwe, Damian C. "Facile Synthesis of Rod-Shaped Bi2S3 by Microwave Irradiation of Single Source Precursor." Journal of Nano Research 58 (June 2019): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.58.80.

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One-dimensional nanostructures have been the focus of recent research interests because they possess high aspect ratio. In this study, bismuth sulphide nanorods have been synthesized via a simple microwave irradiation of bismuth dithiocarbamate complex in ethylene glycol (EG) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvents. The optical properties of the nanorods was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, and the structural characterization was carried out using powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The XRD patterns indicated cubic phase, and the TEM analysis confirmed rod-like morphology with mean diameter of about 60 nm and irregular lengths. The role of the solvents on the nanostructures was discussed, and the band gap energies were estimated from Tauc plot. The synthesized bismuth sulphide nanorods exhibited quantum confinement effect. The synthesis approach via microwave irradiation of single source precursor is facile and efficient, thus promotes the production of large scale Bi2S3 nanorods by an environmentally friendly approach.
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Škvareková, Erika, Marianna Tomašková, Gabriel Wittenberger, and Štefan Zelenák. "Analysis of Risk Factors for Underground Coal Gasification." Management Systems in Production Engineering 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mspe-2019-0036.

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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to determine the environmental impacts of underground gasification on the population and to analyze the risk of underground coal gasification (UCG) activities using selected risk assessment methods. Coal gas is a regular part of coal deposits and its extraction also allows the use of coal deposits that cannot be extracted by traditional methods. These technologies bring both positive and negative aspects. The paper points out the risk analysis, hazard identification and assessment during the operation of UCG technology using a risk graph and a risk matrix. Identified risks to workers that cannot be reduced should be taken into consideration and appropriate safeguard should be used. For each risk, it is necessary to inform employees about regular education and training. From worldwide experience with this technology, it is possible to analyze risks in Slovakia. Actual gasification produces polluting gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen oxides, tar and ash, and creates a risk that may occur on and under the surface of the site depending on the geological and hydrogeological structure of the deposits. Possible measures to mitigate the adverse effects are proposed for the implementation of this technology. Coal is still one of the main domestic primary energy sources. Currently, only 5 out of 19 deposits in the Slovak Republic are used. Underground gasification could increase the use of Slovak coal and brown coal deposits.
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Parravicini, V., K. Svardal, and H. Kroiss. "Application of anaerobic biological treatment for sulphate removal in viscose industry wastewater." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (March 1, 2007): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.227.

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Long term lab-scale and bench-scale experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of the anaerobic process to treat wastewater from a pulp and viscose fibre industry. Anaerobic wastewater treatment enables an advantageous combination of COD, sulphate and zinc removal from viscose wastewater. The aim of the investigations was to evaluate the influence of the free sulphide concentration on COD and sulphate removal efficiency and on the substrate competition between sulphate reducing and methanogenic bacteria. Since the wastewater did not contain enough COD for complete sulphate removal it was of major interest to determine favourable process conditions to steer the substrate competition in favour of sulphate reduction. Further experiments at bench-scale permitted us to evaluate applicable COD-loading rates and gain fundamental information about process stability and optimization for large-scale implementation. The present work will deal with the most relevant experimental results achieved and with important technological aspects of anaerobic treatment of viscose wastewater.
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Payne, J. A., G. D. Moys, C. J. Hutchings, and R. J. Henderson. "Development, Calibration and Further Data Requirements of the Sewer Flow Quality Model Mosqito." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1990): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0294.

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MOSQITO is the initial version of a sever flow quality model being developed by Hydraulics Research Ltd and the Water Research Centre as part of the UK River Basin Management programme. MOSQITO I simulates the time-varying behaviour of suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide on catchment surfaces and in sewer systems. The model produces discharge pollutographs for these determinands which can be used as input to a river water quality model. MOSQITO consists of four sub-models which represent washoff from catchment surfaces, foul water inflow, pollutant behaviour in pipes and channels, and pollutant behaviour in ancillary structures within drainage systems. These sub-models are linked to the flow simulation model incorporated in the WALLRUS package which is the latest computer implementation of the Wallingford Procedure. The rationale behind the model, its structure and its operational basis have been discussed elsewhere (Moys and Henderson, 1988) and are therefore described briefly so that emphasis can be placed on the aspects which follow. Calibration and verification of the model are being carried out using data from a variety of experimental catchments in the UK. These catchments have been selected to exhibit a wide range of characteristics and include separate and combined sewer systems. Results of the calibration work are presented together with illustrations of the performance of the various sub-models and the overall model.
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Черкашин, В. И., and И. М. Газалиев. "ROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ORE DEPOSITS DAGESTAN (ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS)." Геология и геофизика Юга России, no. 1 (March 29, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.23671/vnc.2016.1.20719.

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Целью работы является оценка влияния на окружающую среду выявленных в ходе геологоразведочных работ 1964-1983 гг. рудопроявлений Хнов-Борчинского рудного поля и медно-колчеданного месторождения Кизил-Дере. В основу работы положены данные химических анализов вод рек района исследований и результаты анализа опубликованных материалов по данной тематике. Результаты исследований свидетельствуют о загрязнении водных систем района тяжелыми металлами. Это связывается с тем, что после разведочных работ на рудопроявлениях не проведены в полном объеме ликвидационные, консервационные и рекультивационные работы. Преобладающие в составе руд сульфиды железа, меди, свинца и цинка, взаимодействуя с кислородом воздуха и грунтовыми водами, превращаются в купоросы и сбрасываются в речные системы. Сохранение существующего положения вещей в долгосрочном аспекте может привести к активизации окислительно-восстановительных процессов, процессов выщелачивания в условиях поверхности месторождения Кизил-Дере, к прогрессирующему химическому загрязнению вод и земель бассейна р. Самур солями тяжелых металлов, ухудшению качества питьевых и орошаемых вод, а также к безвозвратному истощению уникального месторождения полезных ископаемых. Учитывая вышесказанное можно сделать вывод. В существующей ситуации считаем необходимым безотлагательное проведение работ по консервации рудопроявлений Хнов-Борчинского рудного поля, которые можно выполнить в рамках действующей Федеральной целевой программы «Ликвидация на- копленного экологического ущерба». При принятии решения о разработке месторождения Кизил-Дередолжен быть разработан проект его разработки с последующим выполнением оценки воздействия на окружающую среду (ОВОС). Это позволит оценить конкретные экономические выгоды от реализации проекта, экологические риски и уровень мероприятий по охране окружающей среды The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the ore-occurrences, identified during the geological exploration in 1964-1983, on the environment in the Khnov-Borchinsk ore-field and Kizil-Dere copper-pyrite deposit. The study is based on the chemical analysis data of the waters from the study area and the analysis of published materials on the subject. Results of the study indicate contamination of water systems of the area with heavy metals. This is attributed to the fact that after the exploration there were not carried out the liquidation, conservation and reclamation works on the ore occurrences in full scale. Sulphides of iron, copper, lead and zinc, prevailing in the composition of ores, interacting with oxygen in the air and groundwater, convert into sulfate and are discharged into the river systems. Preserving the status quo in the long run can lead to the activation of the redox processes, leaching processes under the surface of the field of Kizil-Dere, progressive chemical contamination of waters and lands of the Samur river basin with salts of heavy metals, deterioration in quality of drinking and irrigation waters, as well as to the permanent depletion of the unique mineral deposit. The above said allows to conclude that in the current situation we consider it necessary to urgently conduct the works on conservation of the Khnov-Borchinsk ore-field occurrences, which can be done under the existing federal target program “The elimination of accumulated environmental damage.” When deciding on the Kizil-Dere field the exploration project, followed by the implementation of environmental impact assessment (EIA) should be developed. It will allow assessing the specific economic benefits of the project, environmental risks and the level of measures to protect the environment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulphides – Environmental aspects"

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Coimbatore, Dhandayuth Venkatesh. "Cerium chloride inhibition for high strength low alloy steel exposed to sulphide polluted seawater." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0134.

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[Truncated abstract] Corrosion of steel structures caused by sulphide is a common engineering problem encountered by many industries, such as the petroleum, chemical processing, mining and mineral processing industries. The control of sulphide corrosion is still a controversial topic among corrosion engineers. There is an absence of guideline for a reliable acceptable limit of sulphide level in service and each processing industry has its own empirical values. Selection of inhibitors in the sulphide environment depends on laboratory testing before its actual application in pipelines and reaction vessels. Many investigators have postulated the corrosion mechanisms due to sulphide based on operating envelopes such as pH, chloride, manganese, hydrogen sulphide, sulphate reducing bacteria levels and inhibitor concentration. It is recommended in the literature that the batch dosing of inhibitor and biocide needs to be evaluated in regards to sulphide reducing bacteria (SRB) level, which may produce sulphide concentrations up to 2000 ppm. Although sulphide scale formation may protect the base metal by providing a physical barrier, the detrimental effects of sulphide are often inevitable, such as stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement, etc. Currently, there are many chemicals that are used as inhibitors to prevent corrosion by scavenging the sulphide from the environment. Cerium, a rare-earth element, is not used as inhibitor in the sulphide environment. Also, there are no previous research findings on the effects of compounds of rare-earth metals, such as cerium chloride (CeCl3), in sulphide environment. This research examines the corrosion behaviour of 0.4Mo-0.8Cr steel, a High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel, in sulphide-polluted artificial seawater with the addition of CeCl3 and glutaraldehyde. ... It is postulated that the moderate inhibiting effect of CeCl3 is due to the scavenging effect thereby forming Ce2S3 complex. Further reaction of sulphide with steel resulted in ferrous sulphide, leading to an increased corrosion rate. It is also concluded that the CeCl3 interferes with both anodic and cathodic reactions in deaerated conditions. Addition of glutaraldehyde in the sulphide-polluted seawater was found to decrease the corrosion rate. According to the electrochemical measurements conducted, the concurrent addition of glutaraldehyde and CeCl3 appeared to have an added effect on reducing the corrosion of the steel, as evidenced by the increase of the open circuit potential during the short-term testing. From the weight loss measurements after 60 days, sulphide pollution in deaerated seawater was found to increase corrosion rate. This is attributed to the increase of sulphide activity whereby continual dissolution of steel was encountered. From the weight loss tests, it was found that the addition of CeCl3 and glutaraldehyde reduced the corrosion rate of the steel in the solutions containing 0-10 ppm sulphide. There is no noticeable corrosion rate decrease for the solution containing 100 ppm sulphide. The added effect of CeCl3 and glutaraldehyde to the SRB medium has resulted in lower corrosion rates. Further detailed experimentation is required to elucidate the corrosion reduction mechanism in glutaraldehyde-containing environments.
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Yates, Christopher Lee. "The study of anode materials for an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell utilizing hydrogen sulfide as the fuel." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10054.

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Alarcon, Leon Edgardo. "Pyrite weathering and lithium (Li?) transport under unsaturated flow conditions in model and mine-tailing systems." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0011.

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[Truncated abstract] As mineral deposits continue to be mined, the non economic gangue materials such as sulphides (e.g. pyrite) that are extracted as part of the ore body or overburden are deposited within the waste rock and/or milled tailings. As a result of natural weathering processes, these reactive materials represent a potential hazard to surrounding environments. A major consequence, resulting from mine-waste impoundments containing sulphidic materials, relates to the offsite movement of low pH leachates containing elevated concentrations of metal ions posing a contamination threat. The processes and mechanisms acting in the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD) are highly variable and, to a high extent, controlled by climatic conditions as the main driver of water flow and wetness of the system which in turn determines the availability of oxygen as well as water for pyrite weathering. In particular, this thesis is based on the hypothesis that in semiarid and arid climates the acid production may be water … The experiments were repeated at different water contents ranging from 0.24 to 0.33 cm3 cm-3. Breakthrough curves (BTC) of Li+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and pH were measured and described with models of different complexities. This included the use of a simple linear and non-linear isotherms for Li+ alone, a binary Li+ - K+ ion exchange, and a complete multicomponent chemical equilibrium description of ion transport. The latter, by including dissolution of primary minerals which released base cations such as Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ explained some of the elution patterns of base cations for which the Li+ - K+ exchange was the dominant process. Furthermore, under unsaturated water flow conditions, retardation of Li+ increased with decreasing water content. Thus solute mobility in mafic rock tailings appears to decrease under strongly unsaturated water flow conditions.
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Kinsela, Andrew Stephen School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Volatile sulfur compounds in coastal acid sulfate soils, northern N.S.W." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40889.

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The cycling of biogenic volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) within marine and terrestrial ecosystems has been shown to play an integral role in atmospheric chemistry; by influencing global climate change through the creation of cloud condensation nuclei and controlling acid-base chemistry; as well as influencing sediment chemistry including the interactions with trace metals, particularly regarding iron sulfide formation. Despite this, the examination of VSCs within Australian coastal acid sulfate soils (ASS) is an unexplored area of research. As ASS in Australia occupy an area in excess of 9 M ha, there is a clear need for a greater understanding of the cycling of these compounds within such systems. This thesis looks at the concentrations of several VSCs within agricultural and undisturbed ASS on the east coast of Australia. Initial measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were made using passive diffusion samplers, which were followed by two detailed field-based studies looking at the concentrations and fluxes of both SO2 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using flux-gradient micrometeorological techniques. These novel results indicated that this agricultural ASS was a substantial source of atmospheric H2S (0.036-0.056 gSm-2yr-1), and SO2 (0.095-0.31 gSm-2yr-1), with flux values equating to many other salt- and freshwater marshes and swamps. The flux data also suggested that the ASS could be a continual source of H2S which is photo-oxidised during the daytime to SO2. Measurements of both compounds showed separate, inverse correlations to temperature and moisture meteorological parameters indicating possible contributing and / or causal release factors. Further identification of these and other VSCs within ASS samplers was undertaken in the laboratory using gas chromatography in combination with solid-phase microextraction. Although SO2 and H2S were not discovered within the headspace samples, two other VSCs important in atmospheric sulfur cycling and trace metal geochemistry were quantified; dimethylsulfide (DMS; > 300??g/L) and ethanethiol (ESH > 4??g/L). The measurements of H2S, DMS and ESH are the first quantifications with Australian ASS, and they may be important for refining regional or local atmospheric sulfur budgets, as well as interpreting previous SO2 emissions from ASS. Ultimately this thesis further enhances our understanding of the cycling of VSCs within acid sulfate systems.
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Books on the topic "Sulphides – Environmental aspects"

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Parker, Gretel K. Acid drainage. Melbourne: Australian Minerals & Energy Environment Foundation, 1999.

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Inorganic chemistry for geochemistry and environmental sciences: Fundamentals and applications. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

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Adebayo, Derin, and Aramide Okafor. Hydrogen sulfide: Sources, detection, and health hazards. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Shevalev, A. E. Serovodorod Chernogo mori͡a︡: Bibliograficheskiĭ ukazatelʹ literatury : k stoletii͡u︡ otkrytii͡a︡ serovodorodnogo zarazhenii͡a︡ Chernogo mori͡a︡. Odessa: Odesskai͡a︡ gos. nauch. biblioteka im. A.M. Gorʹkogo, 1990.

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Programme, United Nations Environment, International Labour Organisation, World Health Organization, and Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals., eds. Hydrogen sulfide: Human health aspects. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003.

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Roth, Sheldon H. Health effects of hydrogen sulphide: Knowledge gaps. [Edmonton: Alberta Environment, 2003.

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Smith, C. W. RTS-1, RTS-2, RTS-3 and RTS-4: Sulphide ore mill tailings reference materials. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1990.

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Prokopowich, Jim. Air quality monitoring at selected communities in southwestern Manitoba near petroleum handling facilities (Virden, Pierson, Waskada, and Deloraine): Report of Air Quality Monitoring Program (June 2000 to July 2001). [Winnipeg]: Manitoba Conservation, 2002.

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Alberta. Energy Resources Conservation Board, ed. A Technical study of shelter versus evacuation when faced with a release of hydrogen sulphide. Edmonton: Alberta Public Safety Services, 1992.

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Centre, Alberta Environmental. Morphological observations in rats exposed for six hours to an atmosphere of 0, 56 or 420 mg m-3 hydrogen sulphide. Vegreville, Alta: Alberta Environmental Centre, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sulphides – Environmental aspects"

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Rybicka, E. Helios, A. Piestrzynski, and S. Th Schmidt. "Experimental Study on the Formation of Heavy Metal Sulphides Using Layer Silicates: Environmental Aspects." In Natural Microporous Materials in Environmental Technology, 137–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4499-5_9.

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Yüksel, Serhat, Alexey Mikhaylov, Gözde Gülseven Ubay, and Daniel Dooyum Uyeh. "The Role of Hydrogen in the Black Sea for the Future Energy Supply Security of Turkey." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 1–15. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8335-7.ch001.

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In this study, the importance of hydrogen sulfide resources in the Black Sea region for future energy supply security has been analyzed. In this context, Turkey has been the scope of review. Through the world's largest hydrogen sulfide deposits in the Black Sea region with which hydrogen can be used effectively in the production of this resource, Turkey will be able to meet the annual energy needs face. This will provide benefits to many aspects of Turkey's economic development. Turkey's current account deficit, which would import energy problem, can also be reduced. This situation will contribute to reducing the fragilities in the country's economy. In this respect, Turkey should give priorities for the hydrogen sulphide reserves in the Black Sea. In this framework, detailed studies should be conducted on the conditions of the region.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sulphides – Environmental aspects"

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Taniguchi, Tomoki, Kazuhiro Yukawa, Kazuhisa Otsubo, and Hiroshi Sato. "Basic Design of a Semi-Submersible Rig for Experimental Drilling of Methane Hydrate by “Harmonic Design Tool”." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83309.

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For the growth of demand for utilization of the vast Japanese Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (MLIT) started the R&D project of offshore platform technologies in 2007. National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) had developed the integrated design support tool, called “Harmonic design tool” for evaluating economical, safety and environmental aspects of the offshore platforms. The tool conducts conceptual design of offshore platforms for seafloor massive sulphides mining, experimental drilling of methane hydrate, combined application of food and energy production. Using the tool, basic design of semi-submersible rig type platform for experimental drilling of methane hydrate is carried out and optimum hull size, predicted steady environmental forces acting on the platform (current, wave, wind forces), thruster specification for Dynamic Positioning System (DPS) such as required thrust force, construction cost are estimated. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of proposed basic design of the platform aspects of stability and position keeping ability. From results of experiments and numerical calculation, it is confirmed that the basic design of the platform proposed by the “Harmonic design tool” is appropriate.
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Masanobu, Sotaro, Shunji Kato, Shigesuke Ishida, and Shotaro Uto. "Research and Development of Offshore Platforms for SMS Mining: Part 2—Conceptual Design of the Platform." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20836.

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National Maritime Research Institute of Japan (NMRI) has been developing the integrated design support tool, called “Harmonic Design Tool”, for evaluating economical / safe / environmental aspects of the offshore platform. We are also conducting the conceptual design of the offshore platforms for assessing the availability and accuracy of this design support tool. Seafloor massive sulphides (SMS) are high-grade hydrothermal deposits rich in copper, zinc and lead with a high gold and silver content. The Japanese Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) is well known to have high potential of SMS. Thus we decided the SMS mining as one of the most promising applications for the offshore platform technologies. Based on the published potential map of resources and the metocean database established in this project, we decided Izu-Bonin Arc as the target sea area and derived the design and operation conditions for the offshore mining platform. Then we proceeded to the basic concept such as the production rate and storage capacity, dynamic positioning system for station keeping and operation availability. This paper presents the review of the conceptual design of the offshore platform for SMS mining.
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Millet, François, Patrick Friez, Angelo Franzi, Bernard Bonnefois, and Jean-Marc Lardon. "Superduplex Stainless Steel Use in Manufacturing Highly Sour Gas Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-272.

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More and more often, oil fields need to handle wet sour gases which contain high proportions of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. Furthermore, the liquid phase contains water with chlorides. Therefore, pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking may occur. Centrifugal compressors used on oil fields for increasing the pressure levels, require components which must be resistant to be efficient, but nevertheless cheap for an industrial solution. A corrosion resistant material with high mechanical characteristics is necessary. Duplex stainless steels which have been widely developed and experimented on off-shore applications, are a good way to achieve this challenge. They must be solution annealed to withstand severe corrosion conditions. This paper deals with the metallurgical aspects and the major influence of heat treatments, and with the manufacturing process of two major components : the casing and the rotor. This new centrifugal compressor, designed for a highly sour gas service, with 87% of acid compoaents, is dedicated to a process of sulphur elimination from the flare gas for environmental protection reasons. It has been operating since the beginning of 1995 by GASCO in Abu Dhabi.
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Kathrada, Muhammad. "Combining Sparse Data with Reaction Kinetics Using Fuzzy Logic to Predict Reservoir Souring." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21394-ms.

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Abstract Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) is a colourless, flammable and highly toxic gas with a strong odour of rotten eggs that is found in many reservoir fluids and aquifers in the world. This gas is commonly a result of "reservoir souring" – a process which increases the H2S concentration. Increasing amounts of this gas pose serious health, safety and environmental concerns. This can result in significant costs associated with replacement of downhole and surface equipment and increased processing costs, but more lethally a potential loss of life. Many reservoirs particularly those undergoing waterflooding face increasing levels of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) production with time. H2S is a highly toxic gas that can be fatal even at low concentrations. Being able to predict the risk potential of a particular reservoir to increasing H2S production with time would be highly valuable. The objective is to determine apriori whether a reservoir would likely see dangerously high levels of H2S being produced during the lifetime of the reservoir, and if so, be a catalyst in supporting further investigation and mitigation of H2S early in the reservoir development. There is very little published field data with regards to reservoir souring, hence a purely data driven model would not be possible to create. However, we do have a good understanding of the reaction kinetics that goes into the biological process that generates H2S. To this end the best modelling paradigm that can assimilate sparse data with first principles dynamics is fuzzy logic. A fuzzy logic model has been built around the reaction kinetics and then conditioned to the published field data. The model created matches the published field data fairly well. It is now a ready tool that can be used by engineers to make a quick assessment of their reservoirs before going into full blown expensive sampling and laboratory analysis. The novel aspect of this paper is being able to use fuzzy logic to combine the first principles chemistry together with sparse data to produce a model that can be used practically. Fuzzy Logic has been out of the news of late as machine learning and neural networks are the current hot potatoes, however it is often overlooked that fuzzy logic can still be used in low dimensional cases where only sparse data is available.
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