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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sulphides

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sulphides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulphides"

1

Knobloch, Marjan, and Bernd G. Lottermoser. "Infrared Thermography: A Method to Visualise and Analyse Sulphide Oxidation." Minerals 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110933.

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Environmental testing of sulphidic ores and wastes aims to assess the release of metals and metalloids at acid pH conditions and the samples’ likelihood to produce acid rock drainage (ARD). However, the majority of established ARD tests measure geochemical properties of samples and cannot visualise the exothermic oxidation reactions and their intensity leading to metalliferous drainage in all pH environments. This paper proposes a new protocol to detect and visualise the sulphide oxidation in ores and wastes. Six nearly monomineralic sulphides were crushed, sieved to two size fraction (0.09–4 mm), milled to powder and treated with H2O2. The thermal energy released upon sulphide oxidation was optically detected and temperatures measured using a portable infrared thermographic camera. Based on temperature–time progression curves, the oxidation reactivity of sulphides was derived from high to low: chalcopyrite > arsenopyrite > pyrite > sphalerite > stibnite > galena, which depends on grain size, amount of sulphides and other non-sulphide mineral phases present in the sample material. The study demonstrates that the application of H2O2 to sulphide sample powders and subsequent visualisation of the treated materials using a thermographic camera represents a rapid technique in revealing the presence of oxidising sulphides under all pH conditions.

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Barnes, Sarah-Jane, and A. J. Naldrett. "Variations in platinum group element concentrations in the Alexo mine komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, northern Ontario." Geological Magazine 123, no. 5 (September 1986): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680003510x.

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AbstractThe noble element (Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Au) patterns from sulphides associated with the komatiites at the Alexo mine show variable degrees of fractionation. Massive sulphides at the contact between underlying intermediate volcanics and overlying komatiites have the least fractionated patterns (Pd/Ir = 44). Net-textured sulphides which immediately overlie the massive sulphides have extremely fractionated noble element patterns (Pd/Ir = 171). The disseminated sulphides in the overlying komatiite exhibit an intermediate degree of fractionation (Pd/Ir = 110). The variations in noble element patterns are complemented by variations in the Ni, Cu and Co concentrations. The massive sulphides are depleted in all three of these elements relative to the net-textured sulphide ore. The disseminated sulphides have intermediate values of Ni and Co, but are enriched in Cu relative to the other two sulphides.Processes that could have affected the composition of the sulphides include: (a) fractionation of monosulphide solid solution (Mss) from a sulphide liquid during initial cooling of the komatiite, and (b) mobilization of Pt, Pd, Au, Cu, Ni and Co from the massive sulphide into footwall veins. A mass balance calculation indicates that the sum of the massive and net-textured sulphide agrees with the disseminated sulphide for all elements except Au. Thus the massive sulphide cannot have lost significant amounts of Pt, Pd, Ni and Co to footwall veins and significant mobilization of these elements does not appear to have occurred. The crystallization of Mss from a sulphide liquid will account for the enrichment of Ir, Os, Ru and Rh in the massive sulphide relative to the net-textured sulphide, and enrichment of Pd, Pt, Au, Co and Ni in the net-textured sulphide relative to the disseminated sulphide.

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3

Barnes, Sarah-Jane, M. L. Zientek, and M. J. Severson. "Ni, Cu, Au, and platinum-group element contents of sulphides associated with intraplate magmatism: a synthesis." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-030.

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The tectonic setting of intraplate magmas, typically a plume intersecting a rift, is ideal for the development of Ni – Cu – platinum-group element-bearing sulphides. The plume transports metal-rich magmas close to the mantle–crust boundary. The interaction of the rift and plume permits rapid transport of the magma into the crust, thus ensuring that no sulphides are lost from the magma en route to the crust. The rift may contain sediments which could provide the sulphur necessary to bring about sulphide saturation in the magmas. The plume provides large volumes of mafic magma; thus any sulphides that form can collect metals from a large volume of magma and consequently the sulphides will be metal rich. The large volume of magma provides sufficient heat to release large quantities of S from the crust, thus providing sufficient S to form a large sulphide deposit. The composition of the sulphides varies on a number of scales: (i) there is a variation between geographic areas, in which sulphides from the Noril'sk–Talnakh area are the richest in metals and those from the Muskox intrusion are poorest in metals; (ii) there is a variation between textural types of sulphides, in which disseminated sulphides are generally richer in metals than the associated massive and matrix sulphides; and (iii) the massive and matrix sulphides show a much wider range of compositions than the disseminated sulphides, and on the basis of their Ni/Cu ratio the massive and matrix sulphides can be divided into Cu rich and Fe rich. The Cu-rich sulphides are also enriched in Pt, Pd, and Au; in contrast, the Fe-rich sulphides are enriched in Fe, Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh. Nickel concentrations are similar in both. Differences in the composition between the sulphides from different areas may be attributed to a combination of differences in composition of the silicate magma from which the sulphides segregated and differences in the ratio of silicate to sulphide liquid (R factors). The higher metal content of the disseminated sulphides relative to the massive and matrix sulphides may be due to the fact that the disseminated sulphides equilibrated with a larger volume of magma than massive and matrix sulphides. The difference in composition between the Cu- and Fe-rich sulphides may be the result of the fractional crystallization of monosulphide solid solution from a sulphide liquid, with the Cu-rich sulphides representing the liquid and the Fe-rich sulphides representing the cumulate.

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Smith, W. D., W. D. Maier, and I. Bliss. "Contact-style magmatic sulphide mineralisation in the Labrador Trough, northern Quebec, Canada: implications for regional prospectivity." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 7 (July 2020): 867–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0137.

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The Labrador Trough in northern Quebec is currently the focus of ongoing exploration for magmatic Ni-Cu-platinum group element (PGE) sulphide ores. This geological belt hosts voluminous basaltic sills and lavas of the Montagnais Sill Complex, which are locally emplaced among sulphidic metasedimentary country rocks. The recently discovered Idefix PGE-Cu prospect represents a stack of gabbroic sills that host stratiform patchy disseminated to net-textured sulphides (0.2–0.4 g/t PGE+Au) over a thickness of ∼20 m, for up to 7 km. In addition, globular sulphides occur at the base of the sill, adjacent to the metasedimentary floor rocks. Whole-rock and PGE geochemistry indicates that the sills share a common source and that the extracted magma underwent significant fractionation before emplacement in the upper crust. To develop the PGE-enriched ores, sulphide melt saturation was attained before final emplacement, peaking at R factors of ∼10 000. Globular sulphides entrained along the base of the sill ingested crustally derived arsenic and were ultimately preserved in the advancing chilled margin.

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Ofori-Sarpong, G., D. K. Adjei, and R. K. Amankwah. "Fungal-Transformation of Surrogate Sulphides and Carbonaceous Matter in Refractory Gold Ores: Revisited." Ghana Mining Journal 17, no. 2 (December 13, 2017): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v17i2.8.

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In the recovery of gold from refractory gold ores, pretreatment is required to decompose sulphides and liberate occluded gold before cyanidation, and to deactivate carbonaceous matter and prevent it from adsorbing dissolved gold. Until the past three decades, most commercial pretreatment processes had been by abiotic means. Biological pretreatment methods on commercial basis is therefore a recent phenomenon, and several researches are underway to assess the ability of different biological agents in the breakdown of sulphur and carbonaceous matter (CM) in gold ores. This paper, which is a revisit of an earlier one, presents an overview of on-going research aimed at assessing the capability of the fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to degrade sulphides and CM. Surrogate carbonaceous materials (lignite, bituminous and anthracite coals) and pure sulphides (pyrite and arsenopyrite) were used to model the behavior of CM and sulphides in refractory gold ores. To monitor the extent of biotransformation, preg-robbing test was conducted on the as-received and treated CM, and sulphide sulphur in the residual sulphidic materials was also determined. From an initial preg-robbing effect of 125 µg of gold per gram of CM, the ability of CM to preg-rob gold reduced by 70-95% in the order of lignite<bituminous <anthracite within 21 days of treatment, whereas there were 18% and 39% oxidation of sulphide sulphur in pyrite and arsenopyrite respectively. XRD examination of the treated anthracite confirmed reduction in the graphitic structure of carbon following fungal transformation. Similarly, there was a decline in the major sulphide peak after microbial pretreatment. The results indicate that the fungus biotransforms through destruction of the ordered structure, followed by introduction of oxygen groups. The amorphous nature, thus generated, inhibits the uptake of aurocyanide ions by CM, while enhancing the affinity of cyanide for the oxidised sulphide material in subsequent cyanidation treatment. The findings contribute to knowledge on novel and technically viable alternative methods for oxidative pretreatment of refractory gold ores. Keywords: Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Carbonaceous Matter, Metal Sulphides, Biotransformation

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Smyk, Mark C., and David H. Watkinson. "Sulphide remobilization in Archean volcano-sedimentary rocks and its significance in Proterozoic silver vein genesis, Cobalt, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-124.

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The Archean volcano-sedimentary succession at Cobalt, Ontario, consists mainly of submarine andesitic flows and turbiditic interflow sedimentary rocks. Steeply dipping faults and large-scale, tight to isoclinar folds have developed in these basement rocks. The faults commonly host silver-vein-bearing structures that extend upward into overlying Proterozoic units. Synvolcanic and synsedimentary base metal sulphide deposits are ubiquitous in the Archean rocks. Epigenetic sulphide mineralization consists of remobilized and replacement sulphides and minor sulpharsenides. Epigenetic sulphides occur in permeable rocks and in fault and fracture zones, commonly in juxtaposition with silver veins.The coincidence of silver veins and structures containing remobilized sulphides suggests that sulphide remobilization from Archean basement rocks into Proterozoic vein-bearing structures predated or accompanied vein development. Sulphide remobilization may have also facilitated the mobilization (leaching) of metals from basement sulphides into the vein-forming hydrothermal fluids.

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Lutnicki, Krzysztof, Eligiusz Madej, Tomasz Riha, and Łukasz Kurek. "Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants caused by excessive amount of sulphur - a review." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bvip-2014-0050.

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Abstract Polioencephalomalacia as a result of sulphur excess is a growing problem in cattle and sheep, mainly in young, growing animals. It is common in different regions of the world. The disease develops favoured by certain conditions such as sustained provision of feed and water with high sulphur content, use of dietary supplements containing sulphur, and a habitat with high hydrogen sulphide concentration. Pathogenesis of the disease is complex, but very important are oxidative-antioxidative imbalance, dysfunction of vessels, and secondary cerebral cortex ischaemia as a result of direct and/or indirect action of sulphur metabolites, namely hydrogen sulphide, sulphides, and sulphites. Clinical signs and changes in the cerebral cortex in the form of degenerative necrotic lesions are similar to those observed in polioencephalomalacia caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, and lead and salt intoxication. Highly increased sulphur content (more than 0.3-0.4 of dry matter) in the diet is the basis for differential diagnosis, as well the high concentration of hydrogen sulphide in gas and sulphides in rumen fluid. In prophylaxis and treatment the most important measure is to limit sulphur intake and in acute cases to neutralise low pH in rumen and administer vitamin B1 injections.

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8

Edwards, Grant A., Phillip A. Culp, and Justin M. Chalker. "Allyl sulphides in olefin metathesis: catalyst considerations and traceless promotion of ring-closing metathesis." Chemical Communications 51, no. 3 (2015): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07932a.

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Allyl sulphides provoke rapid olefin metathesis when matched with an appropriate catalyst. In relay metathesis, allyl sulphides can serve as traceless promoters that facilitate the synthesis of non-sulphide targets.

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9

DEMARIGNY, YANN, CÉLINE BERGER, NATHALIE DESMASURES, MICHELINE GUEGUEN, and HENRY E. SPINNLER. "Flavour sulphides are produced from methionine by two different pathways by Geotrichum candidum." Journal of Dairy Research 67, no. 3 (August 2000): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900004209.

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We have investigated the capacities of Geotrichum candidum strains to produce sulphides from methionine. This attribute is very important in cheese technology because of the flavouring potential of sulphur compounds. A spectrophotometric procedure using 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) to determine sulphides was tested on a collection of G. candidum strains, and confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The strains were distinguished on the basis of their ability to produce methanethiol. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry also made it possible to identify other sulphides, such as dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide and dimethyl sulphide. Using sonicated cells, the specific production of these four sulphides was studied in presence of L-[S-methyl-2H]methionine. Both methanethiol and dimethyl sulphide were produced from methionine, but two different pathways were used by G. candidum.

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Luptakova, Alena, and E. Macingova. "Sorption of Copper Ions by Biogenic Iron Sulphides." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.631.

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Biogenic iron sulphides are excellent adsorbents for various heavy metals ions. Consequently, they have practical application for the elimination of heavy metals from waste waters. One of the principles for the iron sulphides preparation is the application of sulphatereducing bacteria. This biological-chemical method is based on the ability of these bacteria to reduce sulphates to hydrogen sulphide, which binds with the ferrous cations to form insoluble precipitates – iron sulphides. Under certain bacterial growth conditions biogenic iron sulphides can be magnetic. The aim of this work is to study the possibility of using SRB for the preparation of iron sulphides, which were used subsequently in the framework of sorption tests to eliminate copper ions from model solutions.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulphides"

1

Yemul, O. S. "Novel polyarylene sulphides." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1998. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3370.

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Igiehon, Uwagboe Osamede. "Carbothermic reduction of complex sulphides." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46358.

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Bayerköhler, Frieder [Verfasser], and Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurz. "Iron-molybdenum sulphides as proton reduction catalysts." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144148901/34.

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Smit, Timotheus Servaas. "Hydrodesulphurization of thiophenes using transition metal sulphides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28084.

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O'Sullivan, Susan Nora. "The synthesis and application of chiral sulphides." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272788.

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6

Coimbatore, Dhandayuth Venkatesh. "Cerium chloride inhibition for high strength low alloy steel exposed to sulphide polluted seawater." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0134.

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[Truncated abstract] Corrosion of steel structures caused by sulphide is a common engineering problem encountered by many industries, such as the petroleum, chemical processing, mining and mineral processing industries. The control of sulphide corrosion is still a controversial topic among corrosion engineers. There is an absence of guideline for a reliable acceptable limit of sulphide level in service and each processing industry has its own empirical values. Selection of inhibitors in the sulphide environment depends on laboratory testing before its actual application in pipelines and reaction vessels. Many investigators have postulated the corrosion mechanisms due to sulphide based on operating envelopes such as pH, chloride, manganese, hydrogen sulphide, sulphate reducing bacteria levels and inhibitor concentration. It is recommended in the literature that the batch dosing of inhibitor and biocide needs to be evaluated in regards to sulphide reducing bacteria (SRB) level, which may produce sulphide concentrations up to 2000 ppm. Although sulphide scale formation may protect the base metal by providing a physical barrier, the detrimental effects of sulphide are often inevitable, such as stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement, etc. Currently, there are many chemicals that are used as inhibitors to prevent corrosion by scavenging the sulphide from the environment. Cerium, a rare-earth element, is not used as inhibitor in the sulphide environment. Also, there are no previous research findings on the effects of compounds of rare-earth metals, such as cerium chloride (CeCl3), in sulphide environment. This research examines the corrosion behaviour of 0.4Mo-0.8Cr steel, a High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel, in sulphide-polluted artificial seawater with the addition of CeCl3 and glutaraldehyde. ... It is postulated that the moderate inhibiting effect of CeCl3 is due to the scavenging effect thereby forming Ce2S3 complex. Further reaction of sulphide with steel resulted in ferrous sulphide, leading to an increased corrosion rate. It is also concluded that the CeCl3 interferes with both anodic and cathodic reactions in deaerated conditions. Addition of glutaraldehyde in the sulphide-polluted seawater was found to decrease the corrosion rate. According to the electrochemical measurements conducted, the concurrent addition of glutaraldehyde and CeCl3 appeared to have an added effect on reducing the corrosion of the steel, as evidenced by the increase of the open circuit potential during the short-term testing. From the weight loss measurements after 60 days, sulphide pollution in deaerated seawater was found to increase corrosion rate. This is attributed to the increase of sulphide activity whereby continual dissolution of steel was encountered. From the weight loss tests, it was found that the addition of CeCl3 and glutaraldehyde reduced the corrosion rate of the steel in the solutions containing 0-10 ppm sulphide. There is no noticeable corrosion rate decrease for the solution containing 100 ppm sulphide. The added effect of CeCl3 and glutaraldehyde to the SRB medium has resulted in lower corrosion rates. Further detailed experimentation is required to elucidate the corrosion reduction mechanism in glutaraldehyde-containing environments.

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Mulligan, David John. "Reduction of sulphur dioxide over transition metal sulphides." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61916.

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Arterton, Bruce William. "Preparation related luminescent properties in II-VI sulphides." Thesis, Coventry University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386517.

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Atkins, Alison J. "Solid state studies of ternary oxides and sulphides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320791.

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Maynard, Jonathan. "The genesis of sulphides in the Shetland ophiolite." Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358559.

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Books on the topic "Sulphides"

1

Kwateng, David Opoku. A Kinetic study of the dissolution of nickel sulfide in acidfied ferrous sulfate solution iwth a gas mixture of oxygen and sulfur dioxide. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services, 1992.

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2

Weber, Thomas, Roel Prins, and Rutger A. Santen, eds. Transition Metal Sulphides. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3.

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Thomas, Weber, Prins Roelof, Santen R. A. van, and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Challenges for Sulphides in Material Sciences and Catalysis (1997 : Varna, Bulgaria), eds. Transition metal sulphides: Chemistry and catalysis. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Fumiyuki, Marumo, ed. Dynamic processes of material transport and transformation in the earth's interior. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Pub. Co., 1991.

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5

1905-, Jokelson Paul, Tarshis Dena K, Corning Museum of Glass, and New York-New Jersey Paperweight Collectors Association., eds. Cameo incrustation: The great sulphide show : a loan exhibition : the Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York, April 21-October 23, 1988. Santa Cruz, Calif: Paperweight Press, 1988.

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Ltd, Cominco Engineering Services. Separation of sulphides from mill tailings: Phase I (MEND). Ottawa, Ont: Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology = Centre canadien de la technologie des minéraux et de l'énergie, 1994.

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7

Flynn, Harry Eugene. Experimental verification of the use of free-energy minimization techniques for modelling complex sulfide smelting. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1988.

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D, Zunkel A., Metallurgical Society of AIME, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy., and TMS-AIME Fall Extractive Meeting (1985 : San Diego, Calif.), eds. Complex sulfides: Processing of ores, concentrates, and by-products : proceedings of a symposium. Warrendale, Pa: Metallurgical Society, 1985.

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9

Patai, Saul, and Zvi Rappoport, eds. Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulphoxides and Cyclic Sulphides (1995). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470666357.

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10

Jonsson, Jonas. Spectroscopic studies of some diatomc oxides and sulphides. Stockholm: Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sulphides"

1

Genin, H. S., and J. A. Ibers. "Solid State Transition Metal Sulphides." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 1–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_1.

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Kogan, V. M. "Reaction Dynamics during C-S Bond Breaking in Sulphur-Containing Molecules: Isotope Studies." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 235–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_10.

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Zdražil, M. "Effects of Catalyst Composition and Pretreatment on the Product Distribution in Hydrodesulphurization, Hydrodenitrogenation and Hydrodechlorination." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 273–309. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_11.

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Gosselink, J. W. "Metal Sulphides and Refinery Processes." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 311–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_12.

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Kaim, W., F. M. Hornung, R. Schäfer, J. Fiedler, M. Krejcik, and S. Zališ. "Charge Transfer Phenomena in Transition Metal Sulphur Chemistry." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 37–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_2.

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Morris, R. H. "The Chemistry of the Dihydrogen Ligand in Transition Metal Compounds with Sulphur-Donor Ligands." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 57–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_3.

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Angelici, R. J. "Binding and Reactivity of Thiophene-Type Ligands in Transition Metal Complexes and Clusters." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 89–127. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_4.

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Bianchini, C., and A. Meli. "Hydrogenation, Hydrogenolysis and Desulphurization of Thiophenes by Soluble Metal Complexes." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 129–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_5.

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Byskov, L. S., J. K. Nørskov, B. S. Clausen, and H. Topsøe. "Sulphur Bonding in Transition Metal Sulphides and MoS2 Based Structures." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 155–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_6.

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Hensen, E. J. M., V. H. J. Beer, and R. A. Santen. "Chemistry and Reactivity of Transition Metal Sulphides in Relation to Their Catalytic Performance." In Transition Metal Sulphides, 169–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3577-3_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sulphides"

1

Yang, L. X., X. Z. Yang, and A. Pourbaix. "Potential-pH Diagrams Relevant to 13 Cr Stainless Steels in Chloride and Sulfide Containing Solutions." In CORROSION 2001, 1–8. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01084.

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Abstract Potential-pH equilibrium diagrams (Pourbaix diagrams) for the systems Fe-Cr-Cl--H2O and Fe-Cr-S-H2O at 25°C are presented. The mixed oxide FeCr2O4 and the various iron sulphides are considered. The data were selected to provide some consistency between data from different sources. The diagrams are presented for a chloride concentration that corresponds to seawater and for a sulphide concentration of 0.001 mol/kg H2S (approximately pH2S = 0.01 bar). The diagrams show the intricate stability regions of iron sulphides, chromium oxide or mixed Fe-Cr oxide and dissolved species within a rather narrow range of potential and acid pH. Some observed facts are reported that illustrate the interest of the diagrams to interprete and predict phenomena. Interesting progress on testing procedures and on mechanisms of localised corrosion could be gained by future work.

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Videla, H. A., M. F. L. de Mele, D. A. Moreno, J. Ibars, and C. Ranninger. "Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Behavior of Different Stainless Steels." In CORROSION 1991, 1–16. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91104.

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Abstract The effect of the aggressive anions, chloride and sulphide, and their mixtures on the localized corrosion resistance of AISI (1) 410 and 304 stainless steel (SS) with different microstructural characteristics has been studied. A synergistic effect of these anions on pitting attack was found. Tempered states of 410 SS show less localized corrosion resistance than the other states, whereas 304 SS sensitized metal probes were the most affected by localized corrosion. A comparison between the effect of biogenic and inorganic sulphides and the study of bacterial adhesion on SS surfaces were made. The adhesion of Desulfovibrio vulgaris on the metal probes facilitated localized attack in chloride media.

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Susilo, Robin, Boyd R. Davis, and Abdelmounam Sherik. "Effects of Reaction Kinetics of H2S, CO2 and O2 on the Formation of Black Powder in Sales Gas Pipelines." In CORROSION 2011, 1–15. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11092.

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Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and oxygen (O2) gases dissolve in water condensate on carbon steel pipelines that react with the walls to form iron carbonate, iron sulphides, and iron oxides as the corrosion products, respectively. It is unknown whether these gases react individually or if there is a competition between them leading to a kinetically favorable reaction. The reaction rate is governed by the concentration of gases dissolved in water which is in turn controlled by the gas composition, diffusivity, solubility, and the intrinsic kinetics. The reaction rate and products when fine iron powder (-325 mesh) suspended in water exposed to dry acid gas (CO2 and H2S) and exposed to humid acid gas are studied. Our findings show that water immersion approach for corrosion study without mixing has a mass transfer resistance that slows down the reaction rate significantly. This may not be observed in actual gas pipelines as the pipeline is exposed to thin water film only and the turbulence created by the gas flow induces mixing. Iron sulphide and carbonate formation are found to depend on the CO2/H2S ratio and time. Initially, the formation of iron carbonate is more dominant than iron sulphide. Higher the CO2/H2S ratio leads to the higher iron carbonate formation than iron sulphide. Iron sulphide becomes more dominant in a longer time scale for all CO2/H2S ratios. Iron sulphide is oxidized to elemental sulphur when O2 is present.

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Frank, Olawale, and Frederick Pessu. "Effect of Zn2+ and Pb2+ on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Sulphide Scale Forming H2S – Containing Environments." In CONFERENCE 2024, 1–15. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20765.

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Abstract The kinetics of sulphides forming species such as Zn2+, Pb2+ and Fe2+ encountered in geothermal energy systems has the potential to influence the overall corrosion behaviour; uniform and pitting, of carbon steel used in technical equipment. This project investigates the effect of the Zn2+, Pb2+ and Fe2+ within the bulk brine chemistry, on the evolution and surface deposition of sulphide scales; ZnS, PbS and/or FeS at 80°C. The effect of surface deposition of sulphide scales on corrosion product formation, and the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel was investigated over 48 hours. In-situ electrochemical techniques such as LPR was combined with SEM-EDX, and XRD techniques to characterise the electrochemical responses, the composition and morphology of sulphide scales and corrosion product respectively. The extent of pitting corrosion damage on the metal surface was also investigated using white light interferometry. The results shows that bulk precipitation of ZnS & PbS and its subsequent surface deposition directly lowers the bulk pH of the corrosion environment. This was observed to have a direct impact on the overall corrosion characteristics of the corroding interface of carbon steel; this includes effect on FeS morphology, formation kinetics and uniform and pitting corrosion characteristics.

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Tuck, C. D. S., K. C. Bendall, G. W. J. Radford, S. A. Campbell, and R. J. Grylls. "High Strength Copper Nickel-Optimisation of Mechanical Strength and Marine Corrosion Resistance for Use in Naval Architecture and Offshore Oil & Gas." In CORROSION 1996, 1–15. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96518.

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Abstract Copper nickel alloys which are able to harden by precipitation reactions involving aluminium are described. The main precipitation species is Ni3Al present as 10 nm - 15 nm size particles, and strengths above 750 N/mm2 proof stress have been achieved. Two such alloys have been commercialised and they demonstrate higher corrosion resistance to marine environments than standard cupronickels, most probably due to the passivating influence of aluminium. The reaction of one of these alloys with sodium chloride both with and without the presence of sulphides has been studied, using weight loss, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and these techniques indicate a greater degree of passivity for this alloy than for copper or standard cupronickels in sulphide environments. The age-hardenable cupronickels also display complete freedom from hydrogen embrittlement and resistance to biofouling. Service experience with these high strength copper-nickel alloys for highly loaded critical components in naval shipbuilding and offshore oil and gas application is discussed.

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Folena, Mariana Costa, and José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano Gomes. "Effect of Iron Sulphide Film Formation on Hydrogen Embrittlement of an API 5L X80 Steel in H2S Solutions." In CORROSION 2018, 1–12. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10849.

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Abstract With the growing application of high strength steel, as API 5L X80, for pipelines in the oil industry, and related geothermal energy generation plants, comes the concern about the risks involving hydrogen diffusion and hence, embrittlement due to severe operational conditions and corrosive environment containing hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Although many efforts have been made to predict and understand those phenomena, the mechanisms involving H2S corrosion combined with applied strain are still not entirely understood. In addition, the growth of iron sulphides scales can influence on the diffusion process. This study investigates the behaviour of the API X80 steel in relation to hydrogen absorption in solutions with different concentrations of H2S, at static and tensile test conditions. It aims to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the steel by means of hydrogen permeation and slow strain rate tests. Furthermore, the present work seeks out to evaluate, particularly in this embrittlement process, the conditions of iron sulphide layer forming and stability in different solutions of sodium thiosulphate, as well as the film influence as a protective barrier to hydrogen entry. Investigations using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface analysis by SEM, EDS and XRD indicated that exists a relationship between different concentrations of H2S, scale formation and its barrier protectiveness to hydrogen generation and uptake.

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Okocha, Cyril, and Ken Sorbie. "Scale Prediction for Iron, Zinc and Lead Sulphides and Its Relation to Scale Test Design." In CORROSION 2014, 1–16. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-3766.

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Abstract The accurate prediction and management of oilfield sulphide scales, such as iron sulphide, is an important issue in oil production. This has become particularly significant as high temperature high pressure (HTHP) fields are being brought into production, and the life of mature fields is being extended. In such systems, additional scales such zinc and lead sulphide (ZnS and PbS) are often being reported. This paper presents a detailed description of a sulphide modelling approach, leading to the prediction of saturation ratios (SRs) and masses of the formed sulphide scales, final solution compositions, final pH levels etc. The equilibrium equations for the sulphide system are presented and solved in a manner in which they are compared directly with the experimentally measured quantities. The actual Saturation Ratios (SRs) (e.g. SR = [Fe2+][S2−]/Ksp,FeS) are calculated for the various experiments and the prediction model is used directly to the design the details of the sulphide scaling experiment in the blank solutions. Some calculated sulphide examples are presented and some key predictions of the sulphide scaling model are tested experimentally for FeS, ZnS and PbS systems. The quantitative agreement between the predictions of the model and the experiments are very good. The resulting sulphide test methodology is thus well underpinned theoretically and it is then applied to evaluate some examples of proposed commercial sulphide inhibitors/dispersants.

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Francis, Roger, and Stan Hebdon. "The Selection of Stainless Steels for Seawater Pumps." In CORROSION 2015, 1–17. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05446.

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Abstract Traditionally copper alloys, such as gunmetals and nickel aluminium bronzes, have been used for seawater cooling and firewater pumps. The drawbacks to these copper alloys are their susceptibility to erosion corrosion at high water velocities and to pitting in polluted waters containing sulphides. Austenitic cast iron pump cases have suffered from SCC (stress corrosion cracking) problems after 1 to 6 years in warm seawater. However, with the development of AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) melting and the use of nitrogen as an alloying element, cast stainless steels offered a viable alternative. These alloys do not have the velocity restrictions of copper alloys, and also have excellent resistance to sulphide in polluted water. The present paper describes the available cast austenitic and duplex stainless steel grades and discusses both their castability and corrosion resistance. The conclusion is that superduplex stainless steel offers the best combination of properties for this application. Some case histories are presented showing the successful use of superduplex and problems arising with other stainless steel grades.

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Nauman, Mushaid, and Roger A. King. "High Level Corrosion Risk Assessment Methodology for Refined Hydrocarbon Products." In CORROSION 2019, 1–15. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13047.

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Abstract Predicting corrosion risks and developing inspection and mitigation plans form a vital part of any Integrity Management System (IMS). Most of the emphasis from operators is given to upstream and processing facilities, however, the facilities installed downstream, in particular the storage and transport of refined hydrocarbon products, are often considered in the “fit and forget” philosophy. Refined hydrocarbon products such as Jet A1, LPG and ULG etc. are not generally corrosive to metals and alloys which are used for their storage and transport; however, they do contain dissolved water, organic sulphides and oxygen containing compounds that can cause corrosion over time. Conventional corrosion prediction models are not relevant since hydrogen sulphide and significant carbon dioxide are not present. In order to overcome this limitation and to allow corrosion risk assessment of both existing and aging facilities, an alternative in-house corrosion risk assessment methodology has been developed. This methodology helps to dilute the corrosion risks associated with these facilities in a well-structured process as practiced for one of the major operators in the Middle East. This paper discusses the methodology adopted to model the corrosion rates and risk assessment involving both probability and consequences within these product streams.

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Croese, Elsemiek, Floris Veeger, and Sabine Doddema. "Microbiology in Geothermal Operations." In CORROSION 2019, 1–12. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12818.

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Abstract A low enthalpy geothermal system consisting of a water production and injection well faced serious injection obstruction problems within two-and-a-half months after start-up. The obstruction was so severe that the operation was suspended and research was done in order to determine the cause. To solve the obstruction problem the system was treated downhole using acid and biocide. During this treatment dangerous amounts of H2S were released. A study was initiated to understand the origin of the H2S and to give options for microbiological treatment and growth prevention. The results showed high amount of bacteria in the obstruction material indicating that microorganisms caused the obstruction. The detected species were typical thermophilic species with optimal growth temperature at 40-60 °C. During the 2,5 month period the casing was unprotected in high corrosive environment and bacteria and iron oxides, iron sulphides (FeS) and iron-copper sulphides (FeCuS2) were identified suspected to have caused the obstruction. The H2S formation was likely caused by a combination of biological FeS and CuFeS2 formation (due to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion; MIC) and the release of H2S by the addition of acid during cleaning. To prevent this type of issues biocide treatment was applied, however, further investigation showed that microorganisms were still able to grow in the system. Identification of the microorganisms in the production water showed that several MIC related species are already present in the production water. Continuous monitoring and adjustment of kill strategies are essential for safe operation.

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Reports on the topic "Sulphides"

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Hulbert, L. J. Sedimentary nickel sulphides. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207972.

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Lydon, J. W. Sedimentary exhalative sulphides (Sedex). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207970.

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Duran, C. J., S. J. Barnes, P. Pagé, H. Dubé-Loubert, M. Roy, and D. Savard. Trace element signatures of magmatic sulphides: petrogenetic implications and exploration applications. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306314.

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Paradis, S. Sulphides and nonsulphides of the Prairie Creek district; update on the isotope geochemistry. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296335.

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Cogulu, E. H. Mineralogy and chemical variations of sulphides from the Crystal Lake Intrusion, Thunder Bay, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/192441.

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Santaguida, F., M. Hannington, and C. Jowett. An alteration and sulphur isotope study of the Pilley's Island massive sulphides, central Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132902.

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Killeen, P. G., C. J. Mwenifumbo, and B. E. Elliott. The pseudo-geological log: using geophysical logs as an aid to geological logging in volcanogenic massive sulphides. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/205216.

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Yergeau, D., P. Mercier-Langevin, B. Dubé, S. Jackson, M. Malo, C. Bernier, and P. Simard. Synvolcanic Au-Ag±Cu-Zn-Pb massive sulphides, veins and disseminations of the Westwood deposit, Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293117.

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Paakki, J. J., J. W. Lydon, and N. Del Bel Belluz. Durchbewegt sulphides, piercement structures, and gabbro dyke displacement in the vent complex of the Sullivan Pb-Zn deposit, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/202762.

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Yao, Z. S., Y. Z. Li, and J. E. Mungall. Transport and deposition of sulphide liquid - vectors to ore accumulations. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328979.

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This project aims to model the kinetic controls on sulphide composition due to the extraction of chalcophile elements from silicate magmas, and use the numerical models to deepen our knowledge of the physical constraints that govern sulphide dynamic processes (e.g., breakup, coalescence, transport and deposition) in magmatic system. Based on the new understanding obtained from these forward models, we then take the textural and compositional features of sulphide globules from the field investigation at Raglan komatiite-associated deposits for instance, to better understand the control on entrainment, transport and deposition of sulphide liquids within the ore-forming processes.

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