Journal articles: 'Sulphate cellulose'

1

Kovensky, J., B. Sassetti, A. Fernández Cirelli, and L. Kordich. "Low Anticoagulant Activity of High Sulphated Heparan Sulphates." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 63, no. 03 (1990): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1645071.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryTwo high sulphated heparin-like polysaccharides (LI, MW 16,000 and L2, MW 11,700) were isolated from rat liver tissues, after DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Heparan sulphates from heart and lung tissues were isolated for comparison and fractionated according to their molecular weight. The anticoagulant activities in vitro were studied using clotting antifactor Xa, antifactor IIa, and APTT assay methods, falling in a narrow range (5-44 IU/mg) although the wide variability m molecular weight and sulphate content. The heparan sulphate nature of fractions L1 and L2 (sulphate/disaccharide ratio 2.05 and 2.48, respectively) has been verified by: a) low iduronic/glucuronic acid ratio; b) nitrous acid degradation followed by gel chromatography; c) heparinase treatment followed by gel chromatography; d) electrophoretic behaviour. Native proteoglycans have been isolated and the glycosidic chains compared with L1 and L2. Their anticoagulant activities in vitro and the fact that antiXa clotting activity was not neutralized by protamine sulphate are in accordance with the results of structural studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Bateman, T. J., K. S. Dodgson, and G. F. White. "Primary alkylsulphatase activities of the detergent-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas C12B. Purification and properties of the P1 enzyme." Biochemical Journal 236, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2360401.

Full text

Abstract:

The P1 primary alkylsulphatase of Pseudomonas C12B was purified 1500-fold to homogeneity by a combination of streptomycin sulphate precipitation of nucleic acids, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose, Sephacryl S-300 and butyl-agarose. The protein was tetrameric with an Mr of 181000-193000, and exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.1. Primary alkyl sulphates of carbon-chain length C1-C5 or above C14 were not substrates, but the intermediate homologues were shown to be substrates, either by direct assay (C6-C9 and C12) or by gel zymography (C10, C11, C13 and C14). Increasing the chain length from C6 to C12 led to diminishing Km. Values of delta G0′ for binding substrates to enzyme were dependent linearly on chain length, indicating high dependence on hydrophobic interactions. Vmax./Km values increased with increasing chain length. Inhibition by alk-2-yl sulphates and alkane-sulphonates was competitive and showed a similar dependence on hydrophobic binding. The P1 enzyme was active towards several aryl sulphates, including o-, m- and p-chlorophenyl sulphates, 2,4-dichlorophenyl sulphate, o-, m- and p-methoxyphenyl sulphates, m- and p-hydroxyphenyl sulphates and p-nitrophenyl sulphate, but excluding bis-(p-nitrophenyl) sulphate and the O-sulphate esters of tyrosine, nitrocatechol and phenol. The arylsulphatase activity was weak compared with alkylsulphatase activity, and it was distinguishable from the de-repressible arylsulphatase activity of Pseudomonas C12B reported previously. Comparison of the P1 enzyme with the inducible P2 alkylsulphatase of this organism, and with the Crag herbicide sulphatase of Pseudomonas putida, showed that, although there are certain similarities between any two of the three enzymes, very few properties are common to all three.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Matts, P. J., G. F. White, and W. J. Payne. "Purification and characterization of the short-chain alkylsulphatase of coryneform B1a." Biochemical Journal 304, no. 3 (December 15, 1994): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3040937.

Full text

Abstract:

Using a combination of streptomycin sulphate precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose and butyl-agarose chromatography, an alkylsulphatase active towards short-chain alkyl sulphates has been purified approx. 70-fold from extracts of coryneform B1a grown on butyl-1-sulphate. The enzyme protein is dimeric with a subunit molecular mass of 77.6 kDa, has an isoelectric point of pI 7.2, and converts butyl-1-sulphate stoichiometrically into butan-1-ol and inorganic sulphate. Stoichiometric incorporation of 18O from H2(18)O into sulphate during the reaction showed that enzymic hydrolysis occurred at the O-S bond of the C-O-S ester linkage. The enzyme was active on C3-C7 linear primary alkyl sulphates but not on higher (C8,9) or lower (C1,2) homologues, although the latter pair were competitive inhibitors. The specificity constant (kcat./Km) was highest for pentyl sulphate (Km 1.89 +/- 0.38 mM; kcat. 6.86 +/- 0.52 s-1) and decreased for higher and lower homologues. No activity was detected towards C3-C9 racemic alkyl-2-sulphates, D- or L-enantiomers of butyl-2-sulphate, the symmetrical secondary alkyl sulphates pentyl-3-sulphate, heptyl-4-sulphate, nonyl-5-sulphate, C1-C8 alkane sulphonates, choline sulphate, or butyric acid-4-sulphate; none of these compounds (except the symmetrical esters and butyric acid-4-sulphate, which were not tested) was demonstrably inhibitory. The enzyme was compared with other alkylsulphatases in terms of substrate specificity and mode of action.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Horwood, Jennifer. "Cellulose sulphate microbicide trial halted." Lancet Infectious Diseases 7, no. 3 (March 2007): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70039-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Dachavaram, Soma Shekar, Narsimha R. Penthala, Julie L. Calahan, Eric J. Munson, and Peter A. Crooks. "Highly sulphated cellulose: a versatile, reusable and selective desilylating agent for deprotection of alcoholic TBDMS ethers." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 33 (2018): 6057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob01438h.

Full text

Abstract:

A mild, effcient protocol was developed for the deprotection of alcoholic TBDMS ethers using highly sulphated HS-cellulose sulphate catalyst, which selectively cleaves alcoholic TBDMS ethers in bis-TBDMS ethers containing both alcoholic and phenolic TBDMS ether moieties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Gil-Castell, Oscar, Pablo Reyes-Contreras, Pabla Andrea Barra, Regis Teixeira Mendonça, Isabel Carrillo-Varela, José David Badia, Angels Serra, and Amparo Ribes-Greus. "The Role of Eucalyptus Species on the Structural and Thermal Performance of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) Isolated by Acid Hydrolysis." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030423.

Full text

Abstract:

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are attractive materials due to their renewable nature, high surface-to-volume ratio, crystallinity, biodegradability, anisotropic performance, or available hydroxyl groups. However, their source and obtaining pathway determine their subsequent performance. This work evaluates cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtained from four different eucalyptus species by acid hydrolysis, i.e., E. benthamii, E. globulus, E. smithii, and the hybrid En × Eg. During preparation, CNCs incorporated sulphate groups to their structures, which highlighted dissimilar reactivities, as given by the calculated sulphate index (0.21, 0.97, 0.73 and 0.85, respectively). Although the impact of the incorporation of sulphate groups on the crystalline structure was committed, changes in the hydrophilicity and water retention ability or thermal stability were observed. These effects were also corroborated by the apparent activation energy during thermal decomposition obtained through kinetic analysis. Low-sulphated CNCs (E. benthamii) involved hints of a more crystalline structure along with less water retention ability, higher thermal stability, and greater average apparent activation energy (233 kJ·mol−1) during decomposition. Conversely, the high-sulphated species (E. globulus) involved higher reactivity during preparation that endorsed a little greater water retention ability and lower thermal stability, with subsequently less average apparent activation energy (185 kJ·mol−1). The E. smithii (212 kJ·mol−1) and En × Eg (196 kJ·mol−1) showed an intermediate behavior according to their sulphate index.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Fedoskin, I. A., E. D. Sofronova, and V. A. Lipin. "BLEACHING OF SULPHATE CELLULOSE FROM HARDWOOD." Вестник Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета технологии и дизайна. Серия 4: Промышленные технологии, no. 3 (2020): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46418/2619-0729_2020_3_8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lidholt, K., L. Kjellén, and U. Lindahl. "Biosynthesis of heparin. Relationship between the polymerization and sulphation processes." Biochemical Journal 261, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 999–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2610999.

Full text

Abstract:

Incubation of a mouse mastocytoma microsomal fraction with UDP-[3H]GlcA and UDP-GlcNAc yielded proteoglycans containing non-sulphated polysaccharide chains. Similar incubations performed in the presence of sulphate donor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulphate (PAPS) produced both sulphated and non-sulphated proteoglycans, which were separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose Analysis by gel chromatography of single polysaccharide chains, released from the proteoglycans by alkali treatment, showed that the non-sulphated chains produced during incubation for 5 min or 25 min, either in the absence or in the presence of PAPS, were of fairly small molecular size, with an average peak Mr of approx. 10 x 10(3)-15 x 10(3). In contrast, the sulphated chains exceeded Mr 100 x 10(3) Pulse-chase experiments suggested that sulphated chains were capable of further elongation. These results indicate that sulphation promotes, by so far unknown mechanisms, further chain elongation. Sulphated proteoglycan (retarded on DEAE-cellulose chromatography) isolated after similar incubation of the microsomal fraction for 1 min only was found to contain a mixture of sulphated and virtually non-sulphated polysaccharide chains. However, when [35S]PAPS was included in the incubations, some 35S was found to be associated, essentially as N-sulphate groups, also with the latter type of chains, preferentially the high-Mr fraction. These results are interpreted in terms of a biosynthetic model by which the heparin proteoglycan is generated through transient interactions of macromolecular intermediates with distinctly separate complexes of membranebound enzymes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Antušková, V., and I. Kučerová. "The impact of inorganic compounds used for protection of wood on cellulose." Koroze a ochrana materialu 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kom-2014-0008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Inorganic compounds were often used to protect wood from wood-decaying fungi and insects (e.g. compounds of arsenic, copper, chromium, zinc or boron) or as a retarder of combustion (e.g. ammonium salts, boron compounds). However, their use may accelerate degradation processes, which may show up as worsening of mechanical properties. The study deals with the impact of selected inorganic compounds (sodium chloride, copper sulphate pentahydrate, boric acid and ammonium sulphate) on cellulose. The samples of cellulose impregnated with the said compounds were subject to artificial aging. The cellulose was monitored for weight changes, changes in colour, values of aqueous extract pH, an average polymerization grade, mechanical properties, elementary composition and the content of bound inorganic compounds. The study was meant to identify stability of the used inorganic compounds in the conditions of artificial aging. The results imply that copper sulphate pentahydrate and ammonium sulphate accelerated degradation of cellulose the most. The effect of boric acid lead to larger deterioration of specimens namely in the conditions of dry aging. Sodium chloride had a negligible impact on the course of degradation. Used compounds continue to be at least partly retained in the cellulose specimens even after rinsing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Karim, Latiffah, and Shikh Mohd Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari. "Stability of cellulases in ionic liquids." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v15n3.1297.

Full text

Abstract:

Lignocellulosic biomass has been used as an alternative source to food crops that serve as feedstock for bioenergy production. The conversion of biomass to bioenergy required pretreatment process. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been recognized as promising solvents that are capable of solubilizing and separating components of lignocellulosic biomass. This research focuses on understanding how ILs affects the activity of cellulases in the enzymatic saccharification process. Sigmacell cellulose was used in the enzymatic saccharification process inste. Two different ILs were added in the enzymatic saccharification mixtures and the activity of a mixture of commercially available cellulases was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure glucose release. Sulphate based ILs were more harmful for cellulase action than [EMIM][OAc]. [HBIM][HSO4] inactivated commercial cellulases (Celluclast®) and cellobiase (Novozyme188) in the enzymatic saccharification process. In this research, it was observed that the main factor that affects the activity of cellulase is pH.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Liu, M. C., M. Suiko, and F. Lipmann. "Studies of the decrease of tyrosine-O-sulphated proteins in Rous sarcoma-virus-transformed rat embryo fibroblasts, line 3Y1. Examination of the sulphate activation and tyrosyl-protein sulphotransferase systems." Biochemical Journal 247, no. 1 (October 1, 1987): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2470201.

Full text

Abstract:

The sulphate activation and tyrosyl-protein sulphotransferase systems in normal 3Y1 rat embryo fibroblasts and the same cells transformed by Schmidt Ruppin subgroup-A-Rous sarcoma virus (SRA-3Y1) were examined. Employing metabolic [35S]sulphate-labelling followed by PEI (polyethyleneimine)-cellulose thin-layer chromatography of the labelled cell lysates, it was found that the steady-state level of ‘active’ sulphate, adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulphate, was drastically lower in SRA-3Y1 cells compared with their normal counterparts. When the sulphate activating enzymes were tested, it appeared that the activities in 3Y1 homogenates were 2-2.5 times greater than those in SRA-3Y1 homogenates. An endogenous sulphation assay for tyrosyl-protein sulphotransferase revealed that activities in 3Y1 and SRA-3Y1 homogenates were comparable. Nearly identical patterns were observed with both sets of cells when [35S]sulphated proteins generated in the endogenous assay were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. It therefore seems that the tyrosyl-protein sulphotransferase(s) are unimpaired in SRA-3Y1 cells. While the lower (approx. 8 times) sulphate uptake remains the major cause for the decrease of tyrosine-O-sulphated proteins in SRA-3Y1 cells [Liu & Lipmann, (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 3695-3698], the 2-2.5-fold lower sulphate activating enzyme activities also contribute to some extent to the difference between the SRA-3Y1 and 3Y1 cells.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Schaffellner, S., V. Stadlbauer, P. Stiegler, O. Hauser, F. Iberer, and K. H. Tscheliessnigg. "ISLET CELLS MICROENCAPSULATED IN NATRIUM CELLULOSE SULPHATE." Transplantation 78 (July 2004): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200407271-01571.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Okayama, M., K. Oguri, Y. Fujiwara, H. Nakanishi, H. Yonekura, T. Kondo, and N. Ui. "Purification and characterization of human platelet proteoglycan." Biochemical Journal 233, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2330073.

Full text

Abstract:

Freshly prepared platelets were shown to contain glycosaminoglycans equivalent to 530 micrograms of hexuronate/10(11) platelets. When the platelets were extracted with 4 M-guanidinium chloride containing proteinase inhibitors, and the extract was dialysed extensively against 7 M-urea solution, almost all of proteoglycan was recovered in the urea-soluble fraction. The proteoglycan was purified from the urea-soluble fraction with a yield of 47% by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation, Bio-Gel A-15m gel filtration and then rechromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. The purified proteoglycan contained 30% glucuronic acid, 32% N-acetylgalactosamine, 14% sulphate and 15% protein. Serine, glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and leucine accounted for 64% of the total amino acids. The Mr of the proteoglycan was assessed to be approx. 136000 by sedimentation-equilibrium methods. The galactosaminoglycan released by alkaline-borohydride treatment of the proteoglycan was converted stoichiometrically into 4-sulphated unsaturated disaccharide by digestion with chondroitinase AC-II, indicating that the galactosaminoglycan was fully sulphated chondroitin 4-sulphate. The apparent Mr of the chondroitin sulphate was assessed to be 28000 by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5m (KD 0.18). On two-dimensional electrophoresis on a cellulose acetate membrane, the chondroitin sulphate gave a single compact spot co-migrating with a reference chondroitin sulphate, indicating that the chondroitin sulphate chains were homogeneous in both length and charge density. On the basis of these results, the proteoglycan in human platelets was concluded to be a macromolecule of Mr 136000 containing four chondroitin 4-sulphate chains each with the apparent Mr of 28000.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

VIJAYARAGHAVAN, PONNUSWAMY, and S. G. PRAKASH VINCENT. "Purification and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulase from Bacillus sp. Isolated from a Paddy Field." Polish Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 1 (2012): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2012-006.

Full text

Abstract:

A microorganism hydrolyzing carboxymethyl cellulose was isolated from a paddy field and identified as Bacillus sp. Production of cellulase by this bacterium was found to be optimal at pH 6.5, 37 degrees C and 150 rpm of shaking. This cellulase was purified to homogeneity by the combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE cellulose, and sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. The cellulase was purified up to 14.5 fold and had a specific activity of 246 U/mg protein. The enzyme was a monomeric cellulase with a relative molecular mass of 58 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme exhibited its optimal activity at 50 degrees C and pH 6.0. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 5.0 to 7.0 and its stability was maintained for 30 min at 50 degrees C and its activity got inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Na2+, and Ca2+.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Scott, J. E., and T. R. Bosworth. "A comparative biochemical and ultrastructural study of proteoglycan–collagen interactions in corneal stroma. Functional and metabolic implications." Biochemical Journal 270, no. 2 (September 1, 1990): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2700491.

Full text

Abstract:

1. Corneas of mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, sheep, cat, dog, pig and cow were quantitatively analysed for water, hydroxyproline, nucleic acid, total sulphated polyanion, chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate and keratan sulphate, several samples or pools of tissue from each species being used. Ferret cornea was similarly analysed for water and hydroxyproline on one pool of eight corneas. Pooled frog (38) and ferret (eight) corneas and a single sample of human cornea were qualitatively examined for keratan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. Nine species (mouse, frog, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, sheep, cat, pig and cow) were examined by light microscopy and six (mouse, frog, rat, guinea pig, rabbit and cow) by electron microscopy, with the use of Alcian Blue or Cupromeronic Blue in critical-electrolyte-concentration (CEC) methods to stain proteoglycans. 2. Water (% of wet weight), hydroxyproline (mg/g dry wt.) and chondroitin sulphate (mg/g of hydroxyproline) contents were approximately constant across the species, except for mouse. 3. Keratan sulphate contents (mg/g of hydroxyproline) increased with corneal thickness, whereas dermatan sulphate contents decreased. The oversulphated domain of keratan sulphate was absent from mouse and frog corneas, increasing as percentage of total keratan sulphate with increasing corneal thickness. Sulphation of dermatan sulphate was essentially complete (i.e. one sulphate group per disaccharide unit). 4. Chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans were present at the d bands of the collagen fibrils of all species examined, orthogonally arrayed, with high frequency, and occasionally at the e bands. Keratan sulphate proteoglycans were present at the a and c bands of all species examined, but with far higher frequency in the thicker corneas, where keratan sulphate contents were high. 5. Alcian Blue CEC staining showed much higher sulphation of keratan sulphate in thick corneas, e.g. that of cow, than in thin corneas, e.g. that of mouse, in keeping with biochemical analyses. 6. It is suggested that the constancy of interfibrillar volumes is regulated via the swelling and osmotic pressure of the interfibrillar polyanions, by adjustment of the extent of sulphation in two independent proteoglycan populations, to achieve an ‘average sulphation’ of the total polyanion similar to that of fully sulphated chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate. 7. The balance of synthesis of the two kinds of proteoglycans may be determined by the O2 supply to the avascular cornea. O2 supply may also determine the conversion of chondroitin sulphate into dermatan sulphate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Sarıkaya, Engin, and Hakan Demirel. "Development of cellulose-based toys with moulded fibre production method." BioResources 15, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 6902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.6902-6911.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, a toy was developed from bleached sulphate pulp via a moulded fibre production technique. Moulded fibre products are generally used to preserve main products from damage during transportation and stow them in a particular order. This work investigated the use of moulded fibre products in daily life as final products. Bleached softwood sulphate pulp was used for the experiments to avoid the potential hygiene problems of using recycled paper for toy production. The physical properties of different degrees of refined sulphate pulp were evaluated during toy sample production. The results indicated that toys produced with bleached softwood sulphate pulp had optimum compression strength (22 kpgf) at the 35 SR° freeness level. Produced prototypes satisfied EN 71-3:2013+A1(2014) in terms of migration element limits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Patel, Apurv, Hitesh Dodiya, Pragna Shelate, Divyesh Shastri, and Divyang Dave. "Design, Characterization, and Optimization of Controlled Drug Delivery System Containing Antibiotic Drug/s." Journal of Drug Delivery 2016 (August 16, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9024173.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this work was design, characterization, and optimization of controlled drug delivery system containing antibiotic drug/s. Osmotic drug delivery system was chosen as controlled drug delivery system. The porous osmotic pump tablets were designed using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken factorial design to find out the best formulation. For screening of three categories of polymers, six independent variables were chosen for Plackett-Burman design. Osmotic agent sodium chloride and microcrystalline cellulose, pore forming agent sodium lauryl sulphate and sucrose, and coating agent ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate were chosen as independent variables. Optimization of osmotic tablets was done by Box-Behnken design by selecting three independent variables. Osmotic agent sodium chloride, pore forming agent sodium lauryl sulphate, and coating agent cellulose acetate were chosen as independent variables. The result of Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design and ANOVA studies revealed that osmotic agent and pore former had significant effect on the drug release up to 12 hr. The observed independent variables were found to be very close to predicted values of most satisfactory formulation which demonstrates the feasibility of the optimization procedure in successful development of porous osmotic pump tablets containing antibiotic drug/s by using sodium chloride, sodium lauryl sulphate, and cellulose acetate as key excipients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Hello, Kasim Mohammed, Majid Jari Mohammed, Asstabraq Mohsen Yasser, Farook Adam, and Zinab Farag. "Modification of Silica Rice Husk Ash to Solid Ammonium Sulphate for Second Generation Biofuels Productions." Journal of Catalysts 2014 (December 9, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/128547.

Full text

Abstract:

A new approach has been demonstrated for the synthesis of solid ammonium sulphate attached to silica rice husk ash. The 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane was immobilized onto silica at room temperature to functionalize the silica with ammine end groups (–NH2). The amine group was sulphated with sulphuric acid to produce a novel micro-rod-like shaped acidic catalyst (as seen with TEM) designated RHNH3SO4H (RH = rice husk). The TGA analysis shows that the catalyst is stable at temperatures below 200°C. The acidity measurement of the catalyst indicates that it has Brønsted acid sites. Cellulose extracted from waste of rice husk and cellulose extracted from office paper were hydrolysed to glucose in 6 h, and the glucose was hydrolysed afterwards to other products within 13 h. The catalyst is reusable many times without a significant loss of catalytic activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

H. Aziz, Samer, Alaa A. Abdulrasool, and Ahmed A. Hussein. "Factors Affecting the Formulation of Carbamazepine Extended Release Tablet." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol17iss1pp55-63.

Full text

Abstract:

Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant agent which acts on the central nervous system and used for the treatment of epilepsy. Carbamazepine was formulated as an oral extended release tablets using ethyl cellulose as retardant substance. Different types of tablets additives such as cellulose materials (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose ), lactose, calcium phosphate and solubilizing agents ( sodium lauryl sulphate and polyethylene glycol 6000) were utilized to study their effect on the release profile of drug from ethyl cellulose matrices. It was found that sodium carboxymethyl cellulose increased the carbamazepine release and the same effect was obtained when the same amount of microcrystalline cellulose used. The result also showed that sodium lauryl sulphate greatly enhanced the release of the drug compared to polyethylene glycol 6000. Also incorporating lactose led to an increase in the release of the drug while utilization of calcium phosphate slowed down the release of the drug. The results of this study revealed that formula which composed of 4% ethyl cellulose, 5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, as well as 25.6% of lactose and 1% magnesium stearate is comply with United State Pharmacopea XXVIII and showed best release profile comparable to that of the brand product Tegretol CRÂÂÂÂÂ®. The shelf life was 3.6 years for the selected formula. Key word: Carbamazepine, Ethyl cellulose, Extended release.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Nelson, S. R., M. Lyon, J. T. Gallagher, E. A. Johnson, and M. B. Pepys. "Isolation and characterization of the integral glycosaminoglycan constituents of human amyloid A and monoclonal light-chain amyloid fibrils." Biochemical Journal 275, no. 1 (April 1, 1991): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2750067.

Full text

Abstract:

Amyloid fibrils were isolated by extraction in water from the livers and spleens of four patients who had died of monoclonal, light-chain (AL)-type, systemic amyloidosis and one with reactive systemic, amyloid A protein (AA)-type amyloidosis. Each fibril preparation contained 1-2% by weight of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) which was tightly associated with the fibrils and not just co-isolated from the tissues with them. After exhaustive digestion of the fibrils with papain and Pronase, the GAGs were specifically precipitated with cetylpyridinium chloride and were identified by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and selective susceptibility to specific glycosidases. All the preparations contained approximately equal amounts of heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate. There was no evidence for the presence of chondroitin sulphate or other GAGs. Fine structural analysis by oligosaccharide mapping in gradient polyacrylamide gels, following partial digestion with specific glycosidases, showed very similar structures among the heparan sulphates and the dermatan sulphates, respectively. GAGs were also extracted by solubilizing amyloid fibrils in 4 M-guanidinium chloride followed by CsCl density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Although a minor proportion of the GAG material obtained in this way was apparently in the form of proteoglycan molecules, most of it was free GAG chains. The presence in amyloid fibrils of different types, in different organs and from different patients of particular GAG classes with similar structures supports the view that these molecules may be of pathogenic significance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wang, Lijing. "Preparation of Cellulose Sulphate and Evaluation of its Properties." Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics 3, no. 1 (June 2010): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3993/jfbi06201006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Silbert, J. E., G. Sugumaran, and J. N. Cogburn. "Sulphation of proteochondroitin and 4-methylumbelliferyl β-d-xyloside-chondroitin formed by mouse mastocytoma cells cultured in sulphate-deficient medium." Biochemical Journal 296, no. 1 (November 15, 1993): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2960119.

Full text

Abstract:

Mouse mastocytoma cells were cultured in medium containing [3H]GlcN and concentrations of [35S]sulphate varying from 0.01 to 0.5 mM. Intracellular [35S]sulphate incorporation increased severalfold from the lowest concentrations, reaching a maximum at 0.1-0.2 mM, whereas incorporation of [3H]hexosamine remained constant at all sulphate concentrations. Proteo[3H]-chondroitin [35S]sulphate was isolated and incubated with chondroitin ABC lyase, yielding 35S-labelled and/or 3H-labelled delta Di-0S and delta Di-4S disaccharide products. The increasing percentage of delta Di-4S was consistent with the increasing sulphate incorporation at each higher [35S]sulphate concentration. Examination of proteochondroitin [35S]sulphate size by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography indicated a range consistent with various numbers of glycosaminoglycan chains on the protease-resistant serglycin core protein. Alkali-cleaved chondroitin [35S]sulphate products indicated similar size distributions at all sulphate concentrations with no indication of preferential sulphation being related to smaller or larger size. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of [3H]chondroitin [35S]sulphate glycosaminoglycans indicated a random undersulphation as [35S]sulphate concentration was lowered. Addition of 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xyloside to the cultures resulted in a 2-2.5-fold stimulation of [3H]chondroitin [35S]sulphate synthesis with formation of beta-xyloside-[3H]chondroitin [35S]sulphate which was much smaller, as estimated by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, than the decreased amount of [3H]chondroitin [35S]sulphate derived from proteo[3H]chondroitin [35S]sulphate. Much higher concentrations of sulphate were necessary to produce sulphation of the beta-xyloside-[3H]chondroitin comparable with that of proteo[3H]-chondroitin, as indicated by chondroitin ABC lyase products and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The specific radioactivities of the [3H]GalN in the proteo[3H]chondroitin [35S]sulphate and beta-xyloside-[3H]chondroitin [35S]sulphate were calculated from the 3H and 35S c.p.m. of isolated dual-labelled delta Di-4S from each, and indicated that the presence of the beta-xyloside resulted in a dilution of the [3H]GlcN by endogenous GlcN that was 4 times higher than that of cultures lacking the beta-xyloside. The higher sulphate concentrations needed for sulphation of beta-xyloside-chondroitin suggests that the membrane-bound nature of the proteochondroitin acceptor in juxtaposition to a chondroitin sulphate-synthesizing enzyme complex effectively reduces the apparent Km for adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulphate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gaffar, Abdul Karim. "EFFECT OF LIME AND CELLULOSE TREATMENT ON DEACIDIFICATION OF ACID-SULPHATE SOILS DURING INUNDATION UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 1, no. 1 (June 16, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.1.1.1995.58-67.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Nissinen, Tomi, Mei Li, Sean A. Davis, and Stephen Mann. "In situ precipitation of amorphous and crystalline calcium sulphates in cellulose thin films." CrystEngComm 16, no. 19 (2014): 3843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce00228h.

Full text

Abstract:

Cellulose films regenerated with calcium sulphate are fabricated using N-methylmorpholine N-oxide as a solvent and capping agent for polysaccharide dissolution and nanoparticle stabilization, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Marchenko, R. A., R. Z. Pen, I. L. Shapiro, and Y. A. Ambrosovich. "The paper-forming properties of hemp fire peroxide cellulose in combination with wood sulphate cellulose." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 052043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052043.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Hemp fire (Cannabis sativa) was delignified with the reaction mix “acetic acid - hydrogen peroxide - sulfuric acid catalyst - water” under sulfuric acid concentration of 0.45%, liquid module of 6, and temperature of 85 ° C. The cellulose was ground to 34 … 36°SHR and mixed in different ratios in compliance with the simplex-centroid experimental design with bleached sulfate softwood and hardwood pulp. The influence of the mixed composition formulations on the main strength properties of paper castings has been studied. It has been concluded that technical cellulose obtained from hemp fire applying this method, can be used for paper products manufacturing in combination with sulphate cellulose from coniferous and deciduous wood.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Осовская (Osovskaia), Ираида (Iraida) Ивановна (Ivanovna), Вероника (Veronika) Сергеевна (. Sergeevna) Антонова (Antonova), Ольга (Ol'ga) Юрьевна (Iur'evna) Деркачева (Derkacheva), and Альбина (Al'bina) Васильевна (Vasil'evna) Авакумова (Avakumova). "IR SPECTRA AND HEATS OF HYDRATION OF THE OZONATED PULP." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (October 17, 2017): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018012691.

Full text

Abstract:

Reduce the consumption of chlorine dioxide in the bleaching of pulp is one of the main problems of technology of production of bleached pulp at Russian enterprises. We have developed a modified method of bleaching of sulphate hardwood pulp with a degree of ozonization. The new in work is the identification of the mechanism of ozonation on the structure of cellulose at different stages of the pulp bleaching. To assess structural changes of cellulose in the process of bleaching was used technique for IR spectroscopy. To characterize the hydrophilic properties of the cellulose used a calorimetric method and the method equilibrium sorption.Shown an advantage of using both chlorine dioxide and ozone in the bleaching of sulphate hardwood pulp. The obtained results of physical and chemical research associated with physico-mechanical properties of bleached and unbleached cellulose at different stages of bleaching. Shows the effect of ozonation on the mechanism of interaction of cellulose with bleaching agents. Effective delignification in the joint use of ozone and chlorine dioxide, can reduce the cost of bleaching chemicals. The brightness level corresponds to the world standards. and the content of organochlorine compounds (AOH) decreased by 30%. Reduce the consumption of chlorine dioxide helps to reduce contamination of waste water, reducing the content of organochlorine compounds (AOH).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

He, Hui, Jian Chen, Shuang Fei Wang, Feng Wen, Yong Hong Li, Hong Xiang Zhu, and Ying Hui Wang. "Preparation of Cationic Cellulose Obtained from Wood Pulp Using the Microwave." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.734.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, the synthesis techniques of cationic cellulose by microwave irradiation method with bleached sulphate wood pulp and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl tri-methyl ammonium chloride (CHPTMA) are investigated. The results show that the substitution degree of cationic cellulose and the Zeta-potential are the optimal under the conditions of the mass ratio of etherification agent to the cellulose 0.414, molar ratio of NaOH to ether agent 2.17, microwave time 9min, power 400W by the response surface experimental analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Mazlan, Nyak Syazwani Nyak, Sarani Zakaria, Sinyee Gan, Chia Chin Hua, and Khairunnisa Waznah Baharin. "COMPARISON OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE MEMBRANE COAGULATED IN SULPHATE BASED COAGULANT." CERNE 25, no. 1 (March 2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201925012586.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Yao, Shanjing. "An improved process for the preparation of sodium cellulose sulphate." Chemical Engineering Journal 78, no. 2-3 (August 2000): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(00)00131-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Mulinari, Daniella Regina, and Maria Lúcia C. P. da Silva. "Adsorption of sulphate ions by modification of sugarcane bagasse cellulose." Carbohydrate Polymers 74, no. 3 (November 2008): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Goncalves, Jose, Mounir El-Bakkari, Yaman Boluk, and Vivek Bindiganavile. "Cellulose nanofibres (CNF) for sulphate resistance in cement based systems." Cement and Concrete Composites 99 (May 2019): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.03.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

HENRIKSSON, Gunnar, Andres SALUMETS, Christina DIVNE, and Göran PETTERSSON. "Studies of cellulose binding by cellobiose dehydrogenase and a comparison with cellobiohydrolase 1." Biochemical Journal 324, no. 3 (June 15, 1997): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3240833.

Full text

Abstract:

The binding isotherm to cellulose of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been compared with that of cellobiohydrolase 1 (CBH 1) from Trichoderma reesei. CDH binds more strongly but more sparsely to cellulose than does CBH 1. In a classical Scatchard analysis, a better fit to a one-site binding model was obtained for CDH than for CBH 1. The binding of both enzymes decreased in the presence of ethylene glycol, increased in the presence of ammonium sulphate and was unaffected by sodium chloride. Attempts to localize the cellulose-binding site on CDH have also been made by exposing enzymically digested CDH to cellulose and isolating the cellulose-bound peptides. The results suggest that the cellulose-binding site is located internally in the amino acid sequence of CDH.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Karengin, A. G., A. A. Karengin, I. Yu Novoselov, and K. G. Piunova. "Performance Evaluation of Plasma Sulphate Disposal Lignin." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.429.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents the review and analysis of the literature on methods of utilization of sulphate lignin. It is the product obtained after the processing of cellulose. As a result of the calculations the optimal compositions of the water, organic materials with mechanical impurities with adiabatic combustion temperature about 1200 K to spontaneous combustion were determined. With help of obtained results experimental studies in plasma catalytic reactor were carried out and the also reactor’s operation was optimized. The results can be used to build industrial plants on the basis of plasma catalytic reactor for utilization sulphate lignin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Rodic-Grabovac, Branka, Radana Djudjic, and Nadezda Iliskovic. "The bonding of anesthetics and antibiotics on the carboxymethylcellulose." Chemical Industry 61, no. 4 (2007): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0704203r.

Full text

Abstract:

The preparation of biologically active material is one of the most interesting trends in the chemical modification of cellulose. The possibility of obtaining biologically active cellulosic material by sorption of procaine hydrochloride and gentamicin sulphate on CMC was investigated in this paper. The sorption of therapeutics on CMC samples with different degree of substitution was carried out in water solutions of anesthetic and antibiotic, while the desorption was done in 0.95% NaCl solution. The amount of bonded and released therapeutics was determined by UV spe-ctrophotometry. It was found that degree of substitution of car-boxymethylcellulose and concentration of chemotherapeutic water solution have significant influence on the amount of bonded anesthetic and antibiotic. The maximum amount of bonded chemotherapeutic was 72.15 mg of procaine hydrochloride and 165.49 mg of gentamicin sulphate per gram CMC. In both cases the amounts of bonded chemotherape-utics correspond to the concentration of local anesthetic and antibiotic preparation that are used in therapeutic purposes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kumar, Amit. "Dissolving pulp production: Cellulases and xylanases for the enhancement of cellulose accessibility and reactivity." Physical Sciences Reviews 6, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2019-0047.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Dissolving pulps are high-grade cellulose pulps that have minimum amount of non-cellulosic impurities. Dissolving pulps are the basic source for the manufacturing of several cellulosic products such as viscose, lyocell, cellulose acetates, cellulose nitrates, carboxymethyl-cellulose, etc. Dissolving pulps are mainly manufactured by pre-hydrolysis kraft and acid sulphite pulping. A high reactivity of dissolving pulps is desirable for its eco-friendly utilization for several purposes. Several approaches including mechanical, chemical, ultrasonic, and enzymatic treatments have been employed for the improvement of pulp reactivity. This review mainly focussed on pulp reactivity improvement through enzymatic approaches. Cellulases and xylanase have been proved effective for the improvement of pulp reactivity of dissolving pulp from different sources. The different combinations of cellulase, xylanase, and mechanical refining have been tested and found more effective rather than the single one.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

TODOROVA, DIMITRINA, and VESKA LASHEVA. "EFFECT OF CHITOSAN ADDITION DURING PAPER-MAKING ON AGEING STABILITY OF DOCUMENT PAPER." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, no. 9-10 (December 3, 2021): 1083–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.93.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the present work has been to study the influence of chitosan addition into the composition of paper intended for documents on its ageing stability, with a view of enhancing the resistance of paper strength and optical properties over time. The chitosan solution was added during the formation of the paper sheets in various amounts: 0.2%, 1% and 2% o.d.f. Paper samples of different fibrous compositions were prepared from bleached sulphate softwood pulp (BSWP) and bleached sulphate hardwood pulp (BHWP) in the following ratios: 50% BSWP:50% BHWP, 80% BSWP:20% BHWP, 100% BSWP and 100% BHWP. Then, paper samples were subjected to accelerated thermal ageing for 24 hours at 105 °C. It was found that the use of chitosan as additive in the composition of bleached cellulose paper samples led to improved strength and hygroscopic properties. The study showed that chitosan could be used in the production of kraft document papers comprising aluminium sulphate, as the presence of aluminium sulphate had no negative effect on the action of the biopolymer. Regarding the complex evaluation of the properties of the obtained papers, it could be summarized that, for the studied fibrous compositions, the optimum amount of the additive was 1% chitosan for a fibrous composition of 50% bleached softwood pulp and 50% bleached hardwood cellulose. Therefore, preparing document paper with the addition of chitosan is a convenient procedure to enhance a number of paper properties, even after the ageing process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Goyal, Varsha, Arpana Mittal, Anish Kumari Bhuwal, Gulab Singh, Anita Yadav, and Neeraj Kumar Aggarwal. "Parametric Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Carboxymethyl Cellulase Production Using Pretreated Rice Straw by Bacillus sp. 313SI under Stationary and Shaking Conditions." Biotechnology Research International 2014 (April 29, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/651839.

Full text

Abstract:

Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) provides a key opportunity for achieving tremendous benefits of utilizing rice straw as cellulosic biomass. Out of total 80 microbial isolates from different ecological niches one bacterial strain, identified as Bacillus sp. 313SI, was selected for CMCase production under stationary as well as shaking conditions of growth. During two-stage pretreatment, rice straw was first treated with 0.5 M KOH to remove lignin followed by treatment with 0.1 N H2SO4 for removal of hemicellulose. The maximum carboxymethyl cellulase activity of 3.08 U/mL was obtained using 1% (w/v) pretreated rice straw with 1% (v/v) inoculum, pH 8.0 at 35°C after 60 h of growth under stationary conditions, while the same was obtained as 4.15 U/mL using 0.75% (w/v) pretreated substrate with 0.4% (v/v) inoculum, pH 8.0 at 30°C, under shaking conditions of growth for 48 h. For maximum titre of CMCase carboxymethyl cellulose was optimized as the best carbon source under both cultural conditions while ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate were optimized as the best nitrogen sources under stationary and shaking conditions, respectively. The present study provides the useful data about the optimized conditions for CMCase production by Bacillus sp. 313SI from pretreated rice straw.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Tiwari, A. K., and Z. F. Khan. "Ion Transport through Surfactant Modified Cellulose Acetate Phthalate Membrane in Acidic Medium." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i2.17624.

Full text

Abstract:

Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP)membrane was interacted separately with aqueous HCl solution and aqueous HCl with sodium dodecyl hydrogen sulphate (SDS) as a surfactant and their characteristic properties were determined on the basis of water content, conductance-time and membrane potential data. The possibility of electrochemical modification of cellulose acetate phthalate membrane upon immobilization of the anionic surfactant (SDS) has been also explored. Variable concentration of HCl solutions were used across a cellulose acetate phthalate membrane for membrane potential. The data has been used to interpret the variation of permselectivity ,effective fixed charge density and Donnan distribution ratio of membrane.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 267-272

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Greben, Harma, and Julia Sigama. "The effect of adapting cellulose degrading microorganisms to 25°C providing energy sources for biological sulphate removal." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 7 (October 1, 2009): 1711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.539.

Full text

Abstract:

Vast volumes of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) are still being generated in South Africa, due to decant from both active and closed mines. Research to find a cost effective, environmentally friendly treatment system to reduce the salinity and to neutralise the acidity of AMD is ongoing. The study presented here showed that high sulphate removal efficiencies were achieved applying the biological treatment technology, thereby using the degradation products of grass-cellulose as the carbon and energy sources. The process was conducted at 25°C, as opposed to 37°C described previously, using a one-stage hybrid reactor system, treating both sulphate rich synthetic feed water and pre-treated AMD. The results showed that the fermentation microbes, originating from rumen fluid, derived from cattle, could generate the carbon and energy sources for the sulphate reducing bacteria at 25°C. When comparing the results obtained at 25°C with those obtained at 37°C, it was observed that these were similar. However, at the higher temperature a faster flow-rate to the reactor was possible. The findings implied that the biological sulphate removal system described can be operated more economically at 25°C than at 37°C, as heating the reactor system can be omitted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Yakubu, Abdulhadi, Garba Uba, and Ashish Vyas. "Optimization of Culture Conditions for the Production of Alkaline Cellulase Enzyme Produced from Fusarium oxysporum VSTPDK." Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v9i1.597.

Full text

Abstract:

Alkaline cellulase producing Fusarium oxysporum VSTPDK was isolated and screened from the soil of Kapurthala district Punjab, India. This organism produced endoglucanase (CMCase) and exoglucanase (FPase) when grown at a different range of parameters pH (6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11), temperature (30, 40, 50 and 60OC), incubation time (4th 6th 8th 10th and 12th day) and nitrogen source (NH4SO4, NH4Cl, NaNO3 and NH4HCO3). Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and cellulose powder were used as the sole carbon source. In this research, statistical tools called Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of cellulase enzyme by selecting three important parameters after one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. Using OFAT, optimum production of both CMCsase (3.52U/mL) and FPase (4.07U/mL) were achieved after 8 days incubation at pH 8, temperature 30OC and 1.0g/L ammonium sulphate while RSM produced CMCase 3.91U/mL and FPase 4.26U/mL respectively when incubated for 8 days at pH 8.5, temperature 45 and 3% ammonium sulphate concentration. Optimization of the culture conditions using RSM leads to an increase of 0.39U/mL (CMCase) and 0.19U/mL (FPase). The use of RSM has gained considerable attention in the past decade in the optimization of various physicochemical parameters and nutritional factors. Its application in different industries may find ways of selecting different factors influencing cellulase activity. The fungus can produce a considerable amount of cellulase enzyme at a pH of up to 10 and 50OC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of alkalothermophilic oxysporum VSTPDK from Punjab, India.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Savitskaya, Tatsiana, Tatsiana Shybaila, and Yaheni Varanec. "POLYMER CHEMISTRY: INTERPOLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXES ON THE BASE OF CHITIN AND CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES ARE SPECIAL CLASS OF POLYMER SUBSTANCES." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2008): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/08.5.50b.

Full text

Abstract:

The great importance of polymers in modern life has been shown. The paradoxicalness of the insufficient attention to polymer chemistry at school has been marked. The main difference between the composition and properties of low molecular compounds and polymer has been formulated. The results of the research of new polymers chemistry products – interpolyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan and cellulose water soluble derivative structure and properties have been presented. The use of interpolyelectrolyte complexes in the adsorption-flocculation water treatment process and as the enterosorbent veterinary preparation has been described. Keywords: polymers, chitosan, cellulose sulphate acetate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Malinovskaya, Galina Kirillovna, Ekaterina Grigorievna Smirnova, Al'bert Konstantinovich Khripunov, and Natal'ya Nikolayevna Saprykina. "MODIFICATION OF AERODYNAMIC FORMING PAPER." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2022019222.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of natural nanocomponents for increasing the mechanical strength of paper in the aerodynamic method has been investigated. Milled bacterial cellulose and a fine fraction of sulphate bleached softwood cellulose formed during grinding (secondary fines) were used as nanocomponents. The treatment with nanocomponents was carried out while moistening the fibrous layer with the use of an anti-adhesive material providing uniform one sided application of substances in the form of a suspension on the paper surface. The growth of the indicators of the mechanical strength of paper occurred due to the formation of additional hydrogen bonds and an increase in the interfacial interaction between the fibrous layer of plant cellulose and the nanocomponent. It was found that the use of a suspension of bacterial cellulose is more promising due to the low consumption of the binder with a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the paper. The application of a bacterial cellulose coating layer on aerodynamically molded eucalyptus cellulose makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength of the paper to consumer requirements with the consumption of bacterial cellulose in an amount of 0.9% to 1.5% by weight of absolutely dry eucalyptus cellulose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Malinovskaya, Galina Kirillovna, Ekaterina Grigorievna Smirnova, Al'bert Konstantinovich Khripunov, and Natal'ya Nikolayevna Saprykina. "MODIFICATION OF AERODYNAMIC FORMING PAPER." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2022019222.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of natural nanocomponents for increasing the mechanical strength of paper in the aerodynamic method has been investigated. Milled bacterial cellulose and a fine fraction of sulphate bleached softwood cellulose formed during grinding (secondary fines) were used as nanocomponents. The treatment with nanocomponents was carried out while moistening the fibrous layer with the use of an anti-adhesive material providing uniform one sided application of substances in the form of a suspension on the paper surface. The growth of the indicators of the mechanical strength of paper occurred due to the formation of additional hydrogen bonds and an increase in the interfacial interaction between the fibrous layer of plant cellulose and the nanocomponent. It was found that the use of a suspension of bacterial cellulose is more promising due to the low consumption of the binder with a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the paper. The application of a bacterial cellulose coating layer on aerodynamically molded eucalyptus cellulose makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength of the paper to consumer requirements with the consumption of bacterial cellulose in an amount of 0.9% to 1.5% by weight of absolutely dry eucalyptus cellulose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Malinovskaya, Galina Kirillovna, Ekaterina Grigorievna Smirnova, Al'bert Konstantinovich Khripunov, and Natal'ya Nikolayevna Saprykina. "MODIFICATION OF AERODYNAMIC FORMING PAPER." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2022019222.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of natural nanocomponents for increasing the mechanical strength of paper in the aerodynamic method has been investigated. Milled bacterial cellulose and a fine fraction of sulphate bleached softwood cellulose formed during grinding (secondary fines) were used as nanocomponents. The treatment with nanocomponents was carried out while moistening the fibrous layer with the use of an anti-adhesive material providing uniform one sided application of substances in the form of a suspension on the paper surface. The growth of the indicators of the mechanical strength of paper occurred due to the formation of additional hydrogen bonds and an increase in the interfacial interaction between the fibrous layer of plant cellulose and the nanocomponent. It was found that the use of a suspension of bacterial cellulose is more promising due to the low consumption of the binder with a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the paper. The application of a bacterial cellulose coating layer on aerodynamically molded eucalyptus cellulose makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength of the paper to consumer requirements with the consumption of bacterial cellulose in an amount of 0.9% to 1.5% by weight of absolutely dry eucalyptus cellulose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Morrison, Rowan N., Daniel E. Vasquez, Greg J. Griffin, and Donavan C. O. Marney. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 3009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.3009.

Full text

Abstract:

Pyrolysis of dried sewage sludge samples treated with the additives silica zeolite, calcium oxide, dolomite, ammonium sulphate or diammonium sulphate were conducted by thermal gravimetric anaysis (TGA). The pyrolysis of the untreated sewage sludge showed four regions in which differential thermal gravimetry (DTG) peaks was observed. These peaks were identified as being due to: dehydration of the physically bound water in the sludge; chemical dehydration of carbohydrates in the sludge; decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose and proteins in the sludge, and; decomposition of lignin and plastics in the sludge. Addition of chemical additives changed the mass-loss due to chemical dehydration, with the dolomite additive reducing the mass-loss and AS or DAP increasing the mass-loss. AS and DAP also changed the mass-loss kinetics of the decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose. At temperatures greater than 750°C, the proportion of sludge converted to char was unaffected by the type of additive used. The observed mass-loss data was modelled with a three or four step kinetic mechanism; the calculated kinetic parameters are reported.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Erdtmann, M., R. Keller, and H. Baumann. "Photochemical immobilization of heparin, dermatan sulphate, dextran sulphate and endothelial cell surface heparan sulphate onto cellulose membranes for the preparation of athrombogenic and antithrombogenic polymers." Biomaterials 15, no. 13 (October 1994): 1043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(94)90089-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Bernardo, Joana, Francisco Gírio, and Rafał Łukasik. "The Effect of the Chemical Character of Ionic Liquids on Biomass Pre-Treatment and Posterior Enzymatic Hydrolysis." Molecules 24, no. 4 (February 23, 2019): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040808.

Full text

Abstract:

Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosic biomass valorisation, especially in biomass fractionation into individual polymeric components or direct hydrolysis of some biomass fractions. Considering the chemical character of ionic liquids, two different approaches paved the way for the fractionation of biomass. The first strategy integrated a pre-treatment, hydrolysis and conversion of biomass through the employment of hydrogen-bond acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolim hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid. The second strategy relied on the use of a three-step fractionation process with hydrogen-bond basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate to produce high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions. The proposed approaches were scrutinised for wheat straw and eucalyptus residues. These different biomasses enabled an understanding that enzymatic hydrolysis yields are dependent on the crystallinity of the pre-treated biomass. The use of acetate based ionic liquid allowed crystalline cellulose I to change to cellulose II and consequently enhanced the glucan to glucose yield to 93.1 ± 4.1 mol% and 82.9 ± 1.2 mol% for wheat straw and eucalyptus, respectively. However, for hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid, the same enzymatic hydrolysis yields were 61.6 ± 0.2 mol% for wheat straw and only 7.9 ± 0.3 mol% for eucalyptus residues. These results demonstrate the importance of both ionic liquid character and biomass type for efficient biomass processing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Khorokhorina, I. V., S. I. Lazarev, O. S. Filimonova, A. A. Orlov, and M. I. Mikhailin. "Features of Ultrafiltration Purification of Waste Water from Sodium Lauryl Sulphate." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 4(82) (2021): 048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2021.04.pp.048-055.

Full text

Abstract:

A study of the process of ultrafiltration separation of a solution containing an anionic surfactant on membranes of different types: cellulose acetate and polysulfonamide was carried out. It was found that the material of the active layer of the composite membrane has a significant effect on the ultrafiltration separation of such solutions. High values of the retention coefficient during ultrafiltration separation of solutions containing anionic surfactants were obtained in dilute solutions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Viitala, Janika, Timo Lappalainen, and Marjo Järvinen. "Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) residue analysis of foam-formed cellulose-based products." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2019-0058.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSurfactant residues in foam forming are related to the circulation of surfactant in the foaming process, but they may also affect the properties of the foam-formed product. In this work, residues of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), in foam-formed products were studied. Two different methods were applied for the determination of SDS: ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) and solvent extraction spectrophotometry. The dry matter content of the sample before the drying step has a significant effect on the SDS residue. Another factor that has a significant effect on the SDS residues is the amount of precipitated dodecyl sulphate (DS). It was found that SDS does not degrade in the drying phase and will remain in the salt form in the final product. SDS residue decreased when the temperature of the fibre suspension was increased. Theoretical values for SDS residues were estimated from the original surfactant concentration and the amount of water remaining in the product before the drying phase. When all the surfactant was in soluble form, measured SDS residues were close to the theoretical values, which indicates that SDS was not permanently adsorbed onto softwood cellulose fibres.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Schuldt, U., and D. Hunkeler. "Alginate-cellulose sulphate-oligocation microcapsules: Optimization of mass transport and mechanical properties." Journal of Microencapsulation 24, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652040601058350.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Sulphate cellulose'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles