Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sulfures – Synthèse (chimie)'
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Poirier, Romain. "Synthèse en solution de sulfures divisés pour les électrolytes de batteries lithium-ion tout solide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10212.
Full textSolid electrolytes are now considered to be the key to the development of new generations of batteries. Two types of solid electrolyte have mainly been studied, polymers and inorganics, but their performance remains limited. One promising way of obtaining high-performance electrolytes is to use inorganic particles incorporated into a polymer matrix to form a hybrid electrolyte. Among the possible inorganic materials, the sulfide family (Li3PS4, Li6PS5X with X= Cl, Br, I) has very high ionic conductivities. However, these materials are generally obtained by the solid route, leading to aggregated micrometric particles. Furthermore, although solution syntheses have recently been demonstrated, the potential to control their size, morphology and prevent aggregation has not been exploited. The aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology for the synthesis of sulfides that enables the size, morphology and aggregation of particles to be controlled so that they can be incorporated into a polymer phase. Several solution synthesis routes were developed in order to overcome the kinetic limitations of conventional synthesis. These different synthesis methods have produced a wide range of particles with different morphologies and aggregation rates. The impact of particle size and morphology on the electrochemical performance of the electrolytes was studied. The best performing electrolytes were tested in hybrid formulations as well as in complete all-solid state electrochemical cells with a Li/In anode
Chevrie, David. "Alpha-fluorosulfures et alpha-fluorosulfoxydes, précurseurs appropriés à la synthèse de fluoroalcènes (Z)." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2068.
Full textDeschamps, Damien. "[2. 2]Paracyclophanes sulfurés ou phosphorés à chiralité plane : synthèse et dédoublement pour des applications en catalyse organométallique." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2016.
Full textThe work of this PhD thesis deals with the synthesis of planar chiral sulfur and phosphorous-based [2. 2]paracyclophanes, and more precisely substrates incorporating the heteroatom in the benzyl position. Various sulfides were obtained, from 4-formyl-[2. 2]paracyclophane and the requisite thiol, by using a reductive sulfanylation reaction. A diastereoselective version was also investigated starting with the analogous acetyl precursor (diastereoisomeric ratios up to 85:15). The phosphorous derivatives were prepared as phosphine borane adducts, with the use of a nucleophilic substitution of the appropriate lithium phosphido-borane with 4-bromomethyl-[2. 2]paracyclophane. Access to the corresponding phosphonium salts and phosphines was then conveniently achieved. Conversion of the S- and P- substituted [2. 2]paracyclophanes prepared, according to a C-H activation approach, was then studied in the presence of palladium(II) acetate. One sulfur palladacycle and three phosphorous derivatives were successfully isolated with yields higher than 58%. Moreover, resolution by semi-preparative HPLC furnished both enantiomers of a phosphapalladacycle with high enantiomeric excesses. Finally, efficient resolution protocols of (±)-[2. 2]paracyclophane-4-thiol and (±)-[2. 2]paracyclophan-4-yl-methanethiol were also described
Corbet, Matthieu. "Applications de la Chimie Radicalaire des Xanthates : Synthèse d'Alcaloïdes d'Origine Marine ; Synthèse de Thiéno[2,3-b]thiopyranones ; Synthèse de Thioéthers Aryliques ; Approche à la Synthèse Totale du (+)-Maritimol." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432523.
Full textBoursiquot-Michel, Sophie. "Synthèse, caractérisation et réactivité vis-à-vis du chrome (VI) de la mackinawite (FeS)." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0236_BOURSIQUOT-MICHEL.pdf.
Full textThis study is about the synthesis, the characterisation of an iron sulphide, mackinawite (FeS) and the reactivity with a metallic pollutant, chromium (VI). First of all, the synthesis of mackinawite was driven from two ways of synthesis currently reported in the literature and which involve the addition of a sulphur (-II) solution to a solution containing iron (0) or iron (II). The characterisation of the physical chemistry properties has shown that the crystallinity of the products obtained from the two ways of synthesis are not equivalent: the product obtained from iron (II) is poorly crystallised whereas the one synthesised from metallic iron is well crystallised and identical to natural mackinawite. The second way of synthesis has then been retained for this study. Otherwise, the alteration of the physical chemistry properties of the surface of mackinawite has been underlined, with the presence of both Fe(II) and Fe(III) bonded to sulphur. At last, the oxidation study has been complex, due to the simultaneous presence of several oxidation products which are greigite, elemental sulphur and iron (oxyhydr)oxides, magnetite and eventually goethite. Elemental sulphur and iron (oxyhydr)oxides are the final products of the reaction, from which a mechanism of mackinawite oxidation has been proposed. The second part of this work concerns the study of the mackinawite/chromium (VI) reactivity and has demonstrated the ability of mackinawite to remove chromium (VI) from solution. The elimination of chromium (VI) results from an oxidoreduction mechanism in solution, chromium (VI) interacting with iron (II) and sulphur species arising from the mackinawite dissolution. The structural analysis of the reaction products reveals the presence of residual mackinawite, greigite, goethite, elemental sulphur and a phase including iron, oxygen and chromium. A reaction mechanism of chromium (VI) reduction by mackinawite has been proposed. It seems that the precipitation of the reaction products is the limiting factor in the chromium (VI) reduction by mackinawite
Jalba, Angela. "Synthèses de nouveaux ligands chiraux de type bipyridine et utilisation de sels de fer dans des réactions d'oxydation énantiosélective de sulfures et des réactions d'insertion de diazocétones dans la liaison S-H et Si-H." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27799.
Full textIn the current context where green chemistry has an important place, we have worked to synthesize several chiral bipyridine-type ligands. We have developed efficient methods for the synthesis of a series of six chiral bipyridine bisoxazoline ligands with C₂ symmetry, where four of them have never been described in the literature before. We have developed an efficient method for the synthesis of chiral ligand precursor analogous of Bolm’s ligand to use in heterogeneous catalysis. Although the synthesis of this ligand is not complete to date, our study has optimized several stages of the synthetic pathway. We have also developed synthetic methodologies based on metals such as iron, copper, and bismuth for being agree to several principles of green chemistry. We have particularly used iron extensively in our research projects because it is abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally benign. We have developed a highly enantioselective catalytic system (up to 98.5:1.5 er) for the oxidation of sulfides leading to good yields of sulfoxides using the non-heme chiral (N₄) FeII catalyst generated in situ (bipybox-i-Pr/FeCl₂). This was made possible when the sulfide mono-oxidation was carried out in tandem with kinetic resolution of the sulfoxide into the sulfone. We have also determined that Bi(OTf)₃∙4H₂O complexed with Bolm’s ligand is a good choice in asymmetric oxidation of sulfides because of reaching the enantiomeric ratios up to 78:22 er in a 65% yield. For the first time, we have reported the α-diazoketones insertion reaction into the Si–H and S–H bonds catalysed by [(CH₃CN)₄Cu]PF₆ and Fe(OTf)₂. We synthesized a wide range of α-silylketones with low to good yields (26–70%) using a low catalytic loading of 0.05 mol % of [(CH₃CN)₄Cu]PF₆. Fe(OTf)₂ has been involved in the insertion reactions of different α-diazoketones into the Si–H and S–H bonds as well. Unfortunately, low yields of α-silylketones were obtained. Moreover, α-thioketones were obtained in poor to very good yields. Now all these methods will be part of the chemists toolbox in green synthetic chemistry and will certainly have an important impact in the field of catalysis.
Girard, Vincent. "Etude des propriétés de regénération par voie oxydante d'oxydes métalliques sulfurés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944308.
Full textBourgés, Cédric. "Synthèses, analyses structurales et propriétés thermoélectriques de matériaux sulfures." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC237/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis focuses on the synthesis and the structural/physicochemical characterizations of sulfide compounds with thermoelectric properties. Several families of sulphide compounds have been studied with the aim of developing and/or optimizing their thermoelectric performances.A binary compound, TiS2, was synthesized by mechanical alloying followed by a densification using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The structural characterizations have revealed the effect of the elaboration on the microstructure and stoichiometry of the compound. This process induces a considerable reduction in the thermal and electrical conductivity of the material which hindered the optimization of the figure of merit. The ternary compound Cu4Sn7S16 was then developed according to two synthetic routes (conventional and mechanical alloying). It has been demonstrated that this semiconductor compound has a complex structure which promotes an intrinsic low thermal conductivity. The influence of the non-stoichiometry on the thermoelectric properties has been reported. Finally, the CuCoxTi2-xS4 and Cu26V2Sn6S32 compounds were the last interesting results presented. These compounds show metallic transport properties with high power factors. The synthesis and the influence of the Co content on the electronic transport properties have been discussed on the CuCoxTi2-xS4 compound. The effect of mechanical alloying and densification conditions were related to the transport properties of the Cu26V2Sn6S32 compound. Substantial improvement of the thermoelectric performances as reported.These various studies open interesting perspectives for the development and optimization of sulfide compounds for industrial application
Girard, Delphine. "Cystathionine Bêta-Synthase et trisomie 21 : identification, synthèse et évaluation d'inhibiteurs pyridaziniques." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077039.
Full textThe additional presence of a copy of chromosome 21 in the genome causes anomalies gathered under the term of Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21. Cystathionine Beta-Synthase (CBS), gene of which has been mapped to chromosome 21q22, stays at the crossroads of transmethylation and transsulfuration pathways. In addition, it is responsible for the production of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S), a neurotransmitter gas. An overproduction of H₂S is shown among patients with DS. Therefore, the following assumption was advanced: could the reversible inhibition of CBS overexpession limit the metabolic disorders at the origin of mental retardation of patients with DS? This work aimed at the identification of inhibitors of CBS activity. For that, we set up a test of H₂S-forming activity of CBS which enabled us to validate the effectiveness of some molecules resulting from the screening of more than 7000 molecules. Then our work consisted in synthesizing structural analogs of three hits and evaluating their effectiveness on CBS activity. Unfortunately, among the about sixty tested compounds, none of them showed affinity higher than that of the first molecules found
Mekki, Berrada Mohamed Kamal. "Synthèse d'agglomérats multi-échelles de sulfure de zinc par précipitation homogène." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340827.
Full textZinc Sulfide obtained by homogeneous precipitation presents a great importance in the industry of materials with specific optical and electrical properties, which would control its manufacturing process. This product, which is in an agglomerated form, was selected for its structured morphology: each agglomerate presents four scales as for the size of the particles. It is prepared via the thermal decomposition of thioacetamide in an acidic solution containing zinc sulphate. Precipitation is carried out in a stirred batch reactor. The main of this study is to present an original methodology to follow in situ and continuously the concentrations in ions and the characteristics of the formed solid: production and disappearance of the ions sulfide released by the thioacetamide, consumption of the ions zinc, change in supersaturation and morphological characteristics of the ZnS particles. The corresponding sensors are ion-selective sulfide electrode, pH electrode, conductimetric cells and a turbidimetric probe. Other methods of analysis are used too in this experimental study, such as scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and particle sizing by light scattering. The morphology of zinc sulfide particles depends on the operating conditions: stirring rate, initial concentrations in reagents, pH and temperature. The pH is the parameter which leads to the greatest morphological variability. We present the experimental results and interpretation resulting from the homogeneous precipitation of ZnS performed at different pH
Depardieu, Martin. "Chimie intégrative pour la synthèse de matériaux fonctionnels avancés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0316/document.
Full textHierarchical porosity in solid foams allows the combination of the advantages offered by the different scales of structuration : macropores allow high porous volume and easy diffusion of reagents, while mesopores and micropores allow confinement and high specific surface areas. Integrative chemistry, associating soft matter and soft chemistry, offers a variety of synthetic pathways to generate such materials. We used emulsions and surfactants to template sol-gel chemistry in order to obtain silica foams bearing hierarchical porosity. These silica foams were employed as hard templates to synthesize carbon foams, used as electrodes in lithium-sulfur batteries bearing high capacities. We then explored the impact on performances of loading them with metallic nanoparticles. We also studied the potential of those carbon foams for hydrogen storage, and we obtained cycling capabilities with LiBH4 after loading them with metallic nanoparticles. Finally, the silica foams were used as a support for bacterial growth. Indeed, when bacteria grow in a confined medium, the kinetics of growth and their final concentration can be totally different than what is observed in classical cultures, which is of high interest for applications such as biocatalysis
Schies, Catherine. "Etude de la réactivité de molécules sulfurées fonctionnalisées vis à vis de systèmes électrophiles et nucléophile." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Schies.Catherine.SMZ9606.pdf.
Full textReactivity of sulfurated functionnalised compounds towards electrophile (Me3SiI, H+) or nucleophilic (NaI) systems has been developped in this study. In a first step, we have prepared : (poly)sulfurated alcohols, (poly)sulfurated halides, chloro-sulfoxides and sulfones, symmetrical polysulfides and polyfunctionalised heterocycles containing sulfur. Thus, we controlled the influence of different parameters on the reaction as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the identified products. Moreover, the reaction has been optimised in order to promote the synthesis of 1. 4-dithiane. This works have led new products and allowed to highlight a new synthetical method for the preparative of polysulfides
Chachignon, Hélène. "Chimie du soufre et du fluor : méthodes et réactifs pour l'introduction directe du motif SCF3." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR11/document.
Full textThe SCF3 moiety has recently raised the interest of the scientific community thanks to its remarkable properties, among which its ability to increase the lipophilicity of the molecules featuring it. In this context, developing innovative methodologies allowing its direct introduction onto various substrates appeared particularly relevant to us. Consequently, this PhD thesis first deals with the proposition of a new electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation reagent, CF3SO2Cl. It was also proved that, by tuning the reaction conditions, CF3SO2Cl could also serve as a source of the SOCF3 motif. Secondly, two synthetic pathways allowing the isolation of interesting SCF3 species were elaborated: the nucleophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of cyclic sulfamidates for the generation of chiral ω-SCF3 amines and amino acids, and the diastereoselective electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of oxazolidinones for the preparation of enantiopure β-SCF3 alcohols and enantioenriched α-SCF3 acids
Coantic, Stéphanie. "Réactivité des N-sulfonyl, N-sulfinyl et N-sulfénylimines dans la réaction de Staudinger : la synthèse de β-lactames N-sulfurés et leur utilisation pour la synthèse de β-aminoacides [alpha]-oxygénés." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30045.
Full textThe synthesis of N-sulfonyl, N-sulfinyl and N-sulfenylimines has been achieved. These N-thiolated imines were tested in the Staudinger reaction with [alpha]-oxygenated ketenes. The [2+2] cycloaddition reaction was successfully applied to many N-sulfenylimines to give N-sulfenyl β-lactames with good yields and a good selectivity. These azetidinones bearing an electron-donor group on the nitrogen of the cycle were then used in the oxidation reaction of the sulphur to give the N-sulfinylated and N-sulfonylated cycloadducts. The new β-lactames bearing an electron-acceptor group on the nitrogen were used in nucleophilic ring opening reactions with amines, alcohols or thiols to give new [alpha]-oxygenated β-aminoacids
Fraccaroli, Mathias. "Synthèse par CVD/ALD sur grandes surfaces d'un sulfure de vanadium transparent et conducteur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT006.
Full textIn the context of functional diversification (“More than Moore”), transition sulfides are currently being actively studied for original optical devices production. Some materials in this family have a lamellar structure, similar to graphene like vanadium sulfides. The synthesis of these lamellar films remains actively dominated by high-temperature CVD processes (> 550 ° C). However, in order to hope the development of a reliable synthesis methods, it's important to reduce this deposition temperature which leads to a poor uniformity and a poor conformity. In this work we have studied the potential of a chemical vapor deposition approach at low temperature (200 ° C). This method allow us to obtain an amorphous vanadium sulfide film on a 300 mm wafer and point out theirability to self-reorganize in order to obtain a lamellar film of V7S8 after thermal annealing. A 5.2nm film has interesting optical and electrical properties; this film is conductive with a carrier density of 1.1.1023 cm-3, the holes are the main charges carriers (type p), a mobility of 0.2 cm2. (Vs) -1, a conductivity of 1063 S.cm -1, an output work of 4.8 eV while preserving good transparency (transmittance of 75% for a wavelength of 550nm)
Nyadanu, Aude. "Nouvelles réactions multicomposants et ouverture de cycles contraints pour la synthèse d’hétérocycles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX065/document.
Full textMulticomponent reactions (MCR) are a response to two big challenges faced by pharmaceutical chemistry : the discovery of new bioactive molecules and their production with reduced costs in a environmentally acceptable way. Indeed, by combining several reactants in one pot, MCR allow the synthesis of a wide diversity of complex molecules by simple and quick procedures, with good yields, and with limited amounts of reaction waste. In the framework of this thesis, we have developed new isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions, these compounds having an exceptionnaly rich reactivity.First, we were interested in the use of strong acids in the Ugi reaction. The first trials were made with sulfinic, sulfonic, phosphinic and phosphonic acids, and they failed. Nevertheless, thanks to the introduction of nitric acid as the acid component in the Ugi reaction, we described a one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized nitramines starting from an aldehyde, an isocyanide and an ammonium nitrate. This transformation is the first multicomponent reaction leading to a N-N bond formation.We also proposed a new variant for the Passerini reaction, involving thiocarbonyl derivatives. These compounds generally being quite unstable, we imagined a strategy in order to generate a thiocarbenium in situ from a 3-sulfanyl phthtalide, in the presence of titanium chloride. The coupling of this thiocarbenium with an isocyanide and a carboxylic acid leads to a divergent synthesis of two types of sulfur-containing heterocycles : thiophthalides and 3-amino-4-sulfanyl isocoumarines. This study represents the first formal approach of a Thio-Passerini reaction.Finally, as part of our continuing interest in in sulfur-containing derivatives, we described a new synthesis of thiovinylethers. These compounds, synthetically equivalent to thiocarbonyl derivatives, were obtained by the palladium-catalyzed ring opening of thiocyclopropanes.While the use of transition metals for constrained ring opening is well known for oxygen or nitrogen derivatives, this is the first reaction of this type for sulfur derivatives.Overall, we developed three original methodologies that give access to different types of functionalized compounds, potentially useful in pharmacy and agrochemistry. This work relies on the unique reactivity of isocyanides and adds on this especially rich chemistry
Andreu-Solano, Raquel. "Synthèse, propriétés redox, mesogenes et optiques non linéaires de nouveaux tetrathiafulvalènes." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0012.
Full textCazin, Jacques. "Synthèse et réactivité de modèles de NADH à noyaux accolés : modèles simples, modèles chiraux." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES049.
Full textRoger, Thomas. "Outils chimiques pour l’étude et la compréhension du rôle du sulfure d’hydrogène en biologie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P626/document.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Asila, Victoire. "Syntheses of N-Heterocyclic carbenes-stabilized metallic nanoclusters and nanoparticles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS087.pdf.
Full textIn this work we developed a new synthesis of phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs)-stabilized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) through the reduction of AuClPPh3 by NaBH4 in the presence of imidazolium salts as NHC precursors. The samples were characterized by various techniques, especially electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Most of the nanoclusters which were obtained are stabilized by PPh3. However, a very stable Au11(PPh3)7(NHC)Br2+ nanocluster was synthesized. The follow-up of the aging of the samples by ESI-MS showed the evolution of the composition of the suspensions over time. Less stable nanocluster structures did not remain in suspension with aging. Then, a second synthesis was performed by reduction of HAuCl4.3H2O by NaBH4 in the presence of imidazolium salts as NHC precursors and NaH as base. Gold nanoclusters stabilized by NHCs were obtained with different gold nuclearities. A strong effect of the NHC ligand on the nature of the obtained nanoclusters was revealed. Synthesis with the imidazolium salt 1,3-didodecylimidazoliumbromide (C12-Br) allowed the formation of very stable [Au13(C12)9Br3]2+ nanocluster. Finally, the synthesis of Ag2S nanoparticles stabilized by water-soluble NHCs has been reported. A silver-NHC complex was synthesized and then placed in the presence of an S2- source. The synthesis by microwave heating gave promising results since Ag2S nanoparticles emitting in the second infrared window was demonstrated. Indeed, this is the window of transparency of biological tissues which is of interest for biological applications
Akkari, Anis. "Synthèse et caractérisations physico-chimiques de couches minces de sulfure d'étain en vue de leur utilisation dans des dispositifs photovoltaïques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20039/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the fabrication of SnS thin films as a potential substitute to CuInS2 absorber material in thin film solar cells. The Chemical Bath Deposition method (CBD) is applied to this binary material, as it is non toxic and relatively inexpensive. Structural, chemical, morphological and optical properties of the fabricated layers are investigated by X-Ray diffraction, profilometry, scanning electron microscopy associated with energy dispersive spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and visible to infrared spectrophotometry. Annealing and doping of the SnS thin layer is also investigated. Theoretical modelling of the thin film thickness is obtained from optical transmission and reflexion spectra based on the envelope of interference fringes
Bousquet, Laura. "Synthèse et réactivité d'espèces divalentes du carbone : bis-ylures et yldiures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30342/document.
Full textBis-ylides can be viewed as carbon (0) complexes, also known as " Carbone ". The goal of this thesis is to develop new models of bis-ylides featuring original reactivities. The first chapter presents the state of the art of carbon(0) complexes. A study of their electronic and structural properties is described, as well as, their applications as ligands in organometallic chemistry and their uses as potential carbon atom sources. The second chapter records the different attempts to synthesize a new cyclic P,S bis-ylide. These efforts lead to the unexpected synthesis of new P-chlorinated mixed bis-ylide precursors. Some preliminary results allow us to class them in the family C(0) complexes. The third chapter consists in the synthesis of a new family of bis-ylides, stabilized by sulfoxonium group. These species were fully characterized theoretically, spectroscopically and by X-Ray diffraction. The reactivity studies demonstrate a high potential as ligand for transition metal, several organometallic complexes were prepared and characterized. The last chapter presents the study of anionic bis-ylides, also known as yldiide. The synthesis of a new model is described, as well as its reactivity towards carbonyls. Finally, original irradiation reactions of this yldiide allowed us to access new C(0) complexes
Leriche, Philippe. "Synthèse et étude électrochimique de nouveaux donneurs-pi : tetrathiafulvalène (TTF) étendus et systèmes à motifs TTF multiples." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0004.
Full textPinel, Brigitte. "Étude de l'application de méthodes CVD activées thermiquement ou par plasma à la synthèse de composés Ge-S pour transmission dans l'infrarouge." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112279.
Full textThis work has been focused on the study of the synthesis of germanium sulfide glasses starting from gaseous GeCl₄-H₂S mixtures. The implementation of two CVD "inside" preparation techniques commonly applied for Si02 fiber fabrication, namely MCVD and PCVD has been considered. In the first part of this work, we have examined synthesis possibilities through the MCVD (Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique. Thermodynamical computations have suggested 500 °C≤T≤ 700 °C, (H₂ S)/(GeCl₄ )≥ 3 as optimal composition has been obtained at high temperatures. This high temperature requirement for non-crystallinity appears to be uncompatible with the thermal prerequisites for any tube-deposit co-drawing. We have consequently shifted our attention towards a synthesis process using lower temperature conditions, namely the microwave plasma activated Chemical Vapor Deposition. Non-crystalline deposits have been obtained at room temperature. They can be described as germanium sulfide compositions with a significant level of chlorine and hydrogen. This family of new materials may be represented by the general formula GeSxClyHz with 1,5 ≤x≤ 5 ; 0,3≤ y ≤1,3 ; 0,3≤ z≤ 1. The specific composition is closely related to the (H₂S)/(GeCl₄) ratio in the precursor gas phase. The deposition yields regarding Ge are about 50 %. Identification of excited species and suggestion of chemical mechanisms have been made possible by plasma discharge diagnostics through emission spectroscopy. The materials obtained are transparent in the 0. 4-11 µm range. Regarding short wavelengths, the gap appears to be determined essentially by the sulfur content. Intrinsic absorption bands due to SH vibrations are quite intense. The corresponding molar extinction coefficient has been estimated to about 9,9 l. Cm-1. Mol-1. It has been shown that these materials are moisture sensitive. The thermal instability has not allowed any Tg detection or shaping to a fiber
Chavillon, Benoit. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxydes transparents conducteurs de type p pour application en cellules solaires à colorant." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674543.
Full textPollet, Pamela. "Métallation ortho-dirigée par des groupes sulfures en série diazinique. Synthèses de sulfoxydes chiraux et étude de l'induction asymétrique de ces groupes en série aromatique π-déficitaire." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES028.
Full textGay, Julien. "Synthèse de méthanethiol à partir de méthanol et d'H2S en présence de K2WO4/Al2O3." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2297.
Full textMethanethiol (MeSH) is a key intermediate involved in the synthesis of methionine, an essential amino acid widely used in food-processing industry. Given that methionine market is constantly growing, optimizing MeSH production from methanol (MeOH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is of paramount importance. The impact of key parameters, such as MeOH conversion, temperature, or H2S/MeOH molar ratio has been studied in a range consistent with industrial conditions. A strong inhibiting effect of water (which is the co-product of the reaction) has been highlighted, both on catalytic activity and selectivities towards the different products. However, carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), which are non-recoverable products, have no influence on catalytic performances. A complete reaction scheme accounting for the formation of the different reaction products has been proposed. A kinetic model using Langmuir-Hinshelwood formalism was developed, which affords precise estimation of experimental data.Characterization of K2WO4/Al2O3 catalyst confirmed that acid-base dual sites were the active sites responsible for MeSH formation. Acidity is mainly brought by tungsten species whereas potassium addition allows increasing the basicity of the catalyst. Based on these observations, the catalytic performances of rare-earth based oxides, which possess stronger acidity and basicity, have been measured. These materials exhibit significantly higher activity than K2WO4/Al2O3 catalyst, with similar MeSH selectivity
Pham, Thi-Nhan Nguyen. "Thio-rearrangement de claisen : facilite, reversibilite, synthese de composes thiocarbonyles." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2045.
Full textBREUILLES, PASCAL. "Syntheses de dicetones un, quatre." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066645.
Full textBoussoufi, Félix. "Nanocristaux semi-conducteurs colloïdaux pour dispositifs opto-électroniques : synthèse et stabilité sous contraintes thermiques et optiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS231.
Full textColloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have become during the last thirty years a class of materials that can address new technological solutions for many applications, such as light emitting diodes, solar cells, infrared photodetectors, medical imaging systems, etc. Nevertheless, these nanocrystals suffer from poor stability against external stress (heat, light, humidity, oxygen), limiting their use in many applications. Today, it is therefore necessary to study the physicochemical phenomena at the origin of their degradation and to propose new solutions to improve their stability. The main objective of this thesis was to develop an ink of lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) for a near-infrared photodetector, with stable optoelectronic properties under thermal stress (150 °C for 3 h). The manuscript first presents a study of nanocrystals films made of PbS QDs capped with halide ligands, NH4I and PbX2 (X = I, Br). The optical and photoconductive properties degrade rapidly under the effect of heat, mainly because of the formation of a Pb5S2I6 parasitic phase and of the coalescence of the nanocrystals. An ink of PbS QDs stabilized by CsPbI3 perovskite precursors was subsequently developed. This formulation provides more thermally stable nanocrystal films with better preserved optical, structural and photoconductive properties. These PbS-CsPbI3 QDs films were integrated into a near-infrared (940 nm) photodiode-type photodetector, demonstrating an external quantum efficiency of nearly 49% and a dark current of 10-5 A/cm2, after undergoing the thermal treatment of 150 °C for 3 h. Finally, a spray-drying polymer encapsulation method for CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals is presented. The composite beads, made of acrylate-based polymers, possess a photoluminescence quantum yield of 35% with a fluorescence peak at 518 nm and a half-value width of 22 nm. The encapsulation of the nanocrystals allows an improvement of their photostability, with a stable green emission after 200 h under continuous illumination in an LED/nanocrystal downconverter device
Trefouel, Thierry. "Dihydropyridines : réactifs chimio et énantiosélectifs : synthèse, étude et greffage sur silice d'un modèle de NADH stabilisé en série thiéno(3,2-b)pyridine, synthèse et étude du premier modèle à sulfoxyde chiral." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES007.
Full textGenevée, Pascal. "Synthèse de couches minces à base de sulfures et d'oxydes par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur à flux alternés (ALCVD) pour applications photovoltaïques dans les cellules à base de diséléniure de cuivre, d'indium et de gallium (CIGS)." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066581.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the deposition of oxide and sulfide thin films using the atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD) method. These materials are used to make copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) based thin film solar cells. First, indium sulfide, zinc sulfide and zinc indium sulfide thin films were deposited at 200 °C. The growth mechanisms of these materials were studied using the quartz crystal microbalance technique showing important desorption mechanisms taking place during purges and exchange reactions between diethylzinc and indium sulfide. Thin film characterizations and their use as buffer layers in solar cells showed that the material properties vary from the properties of indium sulfide to the one of zinc sulfide. The best solar cell reaches an efficiency of 11,2 % (reference buffer layer 12,3 %) and an open circuit voltage 15 mV higher than the one of the reference cell. Other materials based on zinc oxysulfide (Zn(O,S)) (Zn(O,S):In, Zn(O,S):Al) were studied as buffer layers but the performance reached were below those obtained with zinc indium sulfide buffer layers. Secondly, growth studies of zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) thin films at 160 °C showed the influence of purge durations on the electrical properties of the layers. The comparison between ZnO:Al layers deposited by ALCVD and sputtered layers demonstrated that, when used as a window layer in solar cells, this material can reach equivalent or better performance. Finally, copper indium disulfide (CuInS2) thin films were obtained using a two stage process involving diffusion processes. A layer thinner than 300 nm was used as a solar cell absorber allowing an efficiency of 2,8 %
Molle, Thibaut. "Modification de macromolécules par insertion radicalaire. Etude de la méthylthiotransférase RimO et de la 4-demethylwyosine synthase TYW1 appartenant toutes deux à la superfamille Radical SAM." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV061/document.
Full textOver the last twenty years, the insertion reactions of atoms or molecular fragments into poorly reactive C-H bonds have been actively investigated but the details of their mechanisms remain largely unknown. Enzymes belonging to the "Radical-SAM" superfamily catalyze the activation of their substrate using a [4Fe-4S] in conjunction with the co-substrate S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Radical insertion enzymes are a subgroup of this family and contain a second iron-sulfur cluster involved in the activation of the second substrate allowing the insertion reaction by radical coupling to take place. The work presented in this thesis is focusing on two enzymes, the first one, RimO is a methylthiotransferase (MTTase) that catalyzes the insertion of a thiomethyl group on the beta position of D89 residue of the ribosomal protein S12 (β-ms-D89-S12). The second one, TYW1, or 4-demethylwyosine synthase, catalyzes the insertion of the acetyl moiety of pyruvate into a C-H bond of a N-methyl group of a guanine derivative in some eukaryotic and archeal tRNAs. This insertion reaction leads to the formation of a tricyclic ring and through several steps to wybutosine (yW), a hypermodified nucleotide important for the translational fidelity of the cell. In this work we demonstrate that these radical inserting enzymes utilize the two iron-sulfur clusters to cooperate and that they control the different partners of the reaction by original redox mechanisms
Charlot, Alexandre. "Synthèse et Evaluation de silices hybrides mésoporeuses pour l'extraction de l'uranium en milieu sulfurique." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCM0006/document.
Full textNuclear industries are perpetually looking for technical, economic and environmental progresses. Important volumes of acidic waste are generated by nuclear plants of the front end. The extraction of uranium from these solutions is required to decontaminate effluents (decrease of the radioactivity) and value uranium (reincorporation in the cycle). Uranium leaching is mostly achieved using sulfuric acid leading to the production of aqueous effluents that contain a large grade of sulfate complexes. In such conditions, uranyl sulfate complexes constitute the predominant uranium species in solution and its extraction represents a real scientific and technological challenge. Commonly, precipitation, solvent extraction or solid phase extraction are used. The last one is particularly adapted for low grade solutions due to it weak environmental footprint (no solvent are handling) and the facility of the process involved (i.e. fixed bed column). Among the available solid-phase extraction candidates, hybrid mesoporous silicas get a crucial part. They develop a very high specific surface areas and a driven porosity which give them a high potential of extraction capacities.In this manuscript the tailoring and the evaluation of hybrid mesoporous silicas have been investigated. Firstly, the work focus on the organic part grafted by post-synthetic pathway, the N,N-dialkylcarbamoylphosphonate based molecules have been identified to get interesting extraction properties. This study emphasizes that acid groups are required and that alkyl substituents get a real importance in the extraction efficiency. On the second hand, the role of pore size has been investigated. The results obtained disclosed that pores size diameters directly impact the grafting ratio as well as the homogeneity of the material: (1) materials with a pore size below 3 nm are heterogeneously functionalized due to steric issues, (2) a homogeneous organic monolayer grafted onto the silica skeleton occurs when the pore size ranges from 3 nm to 20 nm and (3) functionalization of material having pore size above 30 nm results in an organic multilayer covalently linked to the surface. The organic self-organization drives the extraction efficiency, only monolayers lead to promising results. At the saturation state, two molecules are required to extract one uranyl ion. To describe the molecular scale of the uranyl complex onto the solid, the local structure has been investigated by a parametric study and spectroscopic techniques (IR, EXAFS and DRX). Results reveal that two diamido-phosphonates are involved in the uranyl extraction. By this work, it is shown how the molecular scale helps to understand the macroscopic phenomena.Finally, continuous extraction in a fixed bed column confirms the extractive properties obtained in batch mode experiments and points out the potential of such material to be reused several times without any damages
Laduranty, Joëlle. "Mise au point de la préparation de molécules polyfonctionnelles comportant l'unité structurale SCCN de la cystéamine : applications en radioprotection et synthèse organique." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2013.
Full textTrécourt, François. "Elaboration de dérivés carbonylés orthosubstitués de la pyridine : application d'une nouvelle méthode de synthèse de pyridines, synthèse d'hétérocycles du type coumarine et xanthone." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES021.
Full textIerno, Hélène. "Modélisation chimique de protéines fer-soufre : synthèses et caractérisations physico-chimiques de nouveaux agrégats à ligands imidazoles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10151.
Full textHarfmann, Eric. "Verres thiohalogenes de mercure et de plomb transparents dans l' IR. Synthèse, nouvelles compositions, structure." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143241.
Full textJullien, Anne-Solène. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux chélateurs pour la détoxification d'ions métalliques d¹º dans l'organisme." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV028.
Full textThis work consisted in the syntheses of new chelators for the binding of soft d10 metal ions in biological media, such as the copper (I) ion, toxic at high levels in the cells, and the mercury (II) ion, deleterious even at low concentrations. In particular, new suphur-based tripodal architectures, derived from the cysteine-based architectures previously designed at the laboratory, have been synthetized and their binding properties with the copper (I) ion have been looked into. As the cysteine-based scaffolds, the new chelators, based on new sulphur compounds, in particular D-Penicillamine (D-PEN) derivatives, complex the copper (I) ion in trigonal CuS3 environments with high affinities and high selectivities with respect to the bioavailable zinc (II) ion. In depth structural studies have been performed by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) to fully characterize the copper (I) complexes and the copper (I) clusters formed in solution, to correlate the affinity measurements performed using different analytical techniques and to rationalize structure/ affinity relationships. One of the new chelators has been functionalized to be targeted to the liver cells, where copper (I) overloads are observed when people suffer from the Wilson's disease. The first biological experiments carried out in hepatocytes, have shown that the functionalized chelator (CHEL4) complexes excess copper (I) in cellulo. This study supports the results previously obtained with the functionalized cysteine-based architecture (CHEL2) and thus validates the targeting system. The binding properties of the new tripodal architectures with the mercury (II) ion, bulkier and softer than the copper (I) ion, have also been studied. It has been established that the new chelators also stabilize trigonal environments around the mercury (II) ion. Thus this study has shown how low molecular weight sulphur-based tripodal architectures, judiciously functionalized, are able to adapt stable sulphur-only trigonal environments around the soft metal ions, copper (I) and mercury (II). Such environments reproduce more or less the trigonal binding sites found in copper (I) proteins (Crt1, Mac1, Ace1, COX…), bacteria proteins dedicated to mercury (II) detoxification (Mer-R) and metallothioneins (MTs), which are small cysteine-rich proteins in charge of the detoxification of toxic metal ions in cells. Those structural analogies shared with the biological metallic complexes allow us to rationalize the high affinities of the new tripodal architectures for soft metal ions. In a more extended point of view, this study brings some guidelines of molecular design to elaborate efficient chelators dedicated to the detoxification of soft metal ion in biological media. Keywords: copper (I), zinc (II), mercury (II), Wilson's disease, liver, metal overloads, toxicity, chelators, sulphur-based tripods, cysteine, D-penicillamine (D-PEN), trigonal environments, copper (I) proteins, metallothioneins, Mer-R, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)
Nguyen, Thi Thao. "Synthèse et étude de dérivés porteurs du motif 1,3-dithiole-2-ylidene actifs en optique non linéaire de deuxième et troisième ordre." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0003.
Full textLenormand-Foucaut, Alix. "Modélisation chimique de protéines fer-soufre à haut potentiel : synthèses et caractérisations physico-chimiques de nouveaux agrégats à ligands thiolates encombrés dans les états (4Fe-4S)2+ et (4Fe-4S)3+." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10056.
Full textKeromest, Catherine. "Synthèse, caractérisation et application aux huiles lubrifiantes d'additifs polymères phosphosoufrés." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066525.
Full textAmine, Maria El. "Heterocycles germanies : synthese, reactivite, nouvelles voies d'acces aux especes du germanium a coordinence non usuelle." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30202.
Full textBenoit, Rémy. "Synthèse de pyridines à noyaux condensés : application à des modèles de NADH chiraux." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES002.
Full textBerkaoui, M'hamed. "Réactivité énaminique de β-aminothiophènes vis-à-vis de divers électrophiles. Accès à des hétérocycles thiophéniques azotés." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES015.
Full textGodin, Éric. "Application de la stratégie de séparation de phase à la synthèse de macrocycles complexes et développement d’une réaction de thioalcynylation pour la synthèse de macrocycles sulfurés." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24766.
Full textMacrocyclization reactions can be problematic due to poor selectivity of cyclization versus oligomerization. As such, difficult purification of complex mixtures and/or the use of complex and cumbersome experimental setups are often necessary. The drawbacks can complicate synthetic pathways and deter chemists from exploring the unique chemical space of macrocycles. Our group has developed a new macrocyclization strategy called phase separation strategy, a protocol enabling one-pot macrocyclization reactions at much higher concentration. In the present thesis, the challenges associated with macrocyclization reactions are tackled by the development and the application of new strategies. First, the phase separation strategy protocol was used to synthesize the backbone of complex macrocycles like the natural product ivorenolide A (Chapter 4) and the antiviral vaniprevir (Chapter 6). With the use of the phase separation strategy protocol, macrocyclization reactions were performed at concentrations 120 times higher than traditional protocols while maintaining a high level of macrocyclization selectivity. Second, the development of a new copper-catalyzed synthesis of alkynyl sulfides for the synthesis of a macrocyclic peptide library is described (Chapter 8). The macrocyclic peptides were also tagged with several biomarkers by diversification of the resulting alkynyl sulfide motif. Finally, the scope of the intermolecular copper-catalyzed reaction was explored (Chapter 9). Using the method, bis-heteroatom substituted alkynes were synthesized and modification of unprotected cysteine sidechains was possible. Furthermore, the mechanistic reaction pathway of the new alkynyl sulfide synthesis was studied experimentally and computationally.