Journal articles: 'Sulfur remediation'

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Yu, Ke, Fu Zhen Zhang, Yong Hui Bo, and Jie Liu. "Summary of Study on Technology to Soil Sulfur Pollution Remediation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5399.

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With the strengthening of human activities, more and more sulfur had entered soil system. The sulfur pollution of soil had threaten environment and human health. This paper reviews the status, sources and danger of sulfur pollution soils, and the physical-chemical remediation and bioremediation technology are also discussed. In addition, the future study on remediation technology for sulfur pollution soils was prospected.

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Li, Xintian, Wei Zhai, Xinran Duan, Changlong Gou, Min Li, Lixia Wang, Wangdui Basang, Yanbin Zhu, and Yunhang Gao. "Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Application in Livestock Wastewater of S Sulfur Convertase." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 16368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316368.

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Sulfide is a toxic pollutant in the farming environment. Microbial removal of sulfide always faces various biochemical challenges, and the application of enzymes for agricultural environmental remediation has promising prospects. In this study, a strain of Cellulosimicrobium sp. was isolated: numbered strain L1. Strain L1 can transform S2−, extracellular enzymes play a major role in this process. Next, the extracellular enzyme was purified, and the molecular weight of the purified sulfur convertase was about 70 kDa. The sulfur convertase is an oxidase with thermal and storage stability, and the inhibitor and organic solvent have little effect on its activity. In livestock wastewater, the sulfur convertase can completely remove S2−. In summary, this study developed a sulfur convertase and provides a basis for the application in environmental remediation.

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Watts, Mathew P., and John W. Moreau. "Thiocyanate biodegradation: harnessing microbial metabolism for mine remediation." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 3 (2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18047.

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Thiocyanate (SCN–) forms in the reaction between cyanide (CN–) and reduced sulfur species, e.g. in gold ore processing and coal-coking wastewater streams, where it is present at millimolar (mM) concentrations1. Thiocyanate is also present naturally at nM to µM concentrations in uncontaminated aquatic environments2. Although less toxic than its precursor CN–, SCN– can harm plants and animals at higher concentrations3, and thus needs to be removed from wastewater streams prior to disposal or reuse. Fortunately, SCN– can be biodegraded by microorganisms as a supply of reduced sulfur and nitrogen for energy sources, in addition to nutrients for growth4. Research into how we can best harness the ability of microbes to degrade SCN– may offer newer, more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable treatment solutions5. By studying biodegradation pathways of SCN– in laboratory and field treatment bioreactor systems, we can also gain fundamental insights into connections across the natural biogeochemical cycles of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen6.

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Wang, Weixue, Xiangxue Wang, Jinlu Xing, Qiaobin Gong, Huihui Wang, Jianjun Wang, Zhe Chen, Yuejie Ai, and Xiangke Wang. "Multi-heteroatom doped graphene-like carbon nanospheres with 3D inverse opal structure: a promising bisphenol-A remediation material." Environmental Science: Nano 6, no. 3 (2019): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8en01196f.

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Islam, Syful, Yanlai Han, and Weile Yan. "Reactions of chlorinated ethenes with surface-sulfidated iron materials: reactivity enhancement and inhibition effects." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, no. 3 (2020): 759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00593e.

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Recent studies on the use of controlled sulfur amendment to improve the reactivity and selectivity of zerovalent iron (ZVI) in reductive dechlorination reactions have generated renewed interest in ZVI-based remediation materials.

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Salam, Abdus, Marielis C. Zambrano, Richard A. Venditti, and Joel J. Pawlak. "Hemicellulose and starch citrate chitosan foam adsorbents for removal of arsenic and other heavy metals from contaminated water." BioResources 16, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 5628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5628-5645.

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Arsenic and other heavy metal contaminants in water are a significant global health threat. In this study, low-cost, sulfur-free, sustainable, water-insoluble materials with heavy metal remediation properties were produced from renewable resources such as starch, xylan, citric acid, and chitosan. Synthesized starch citrate-chitosan (SCC) foam and xylan citrate-chitosan (XCC) foam were flexible, porous, and elastic. The foams’ arsenic uptake in water was significantly greater than five different commercial metal remediating agents. The mercury and lead uptakes with the synthesized foams were similar to the performance of a commercial sulfur-based product, SorbaTech 450 (ST450). However, the cadmium and selenium uptakes were comparatively lower. The complexation of arsenic with oxygen and nitrogen of the SCC foam was shown with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The XCC foam was also shown to adsorb potassium iodide (KI) at a similar rate to sodium chloride. This may be used to remediate water contaminated with radioactive materials, such as iodine 131.

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Petcher, Samuel, Douglas J. Parker, and Tom Hasell. "Macroporous sulfur polymers from a sodium chloride porogen—a low cost, versatile remediation material." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5, no. 12 (2019): 2142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00477g.

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Sulfur has an affinity for Hg. By polymerising and crosslinking elemental sulfur with dienes, it can be formed into a stable polymer. A salt template method to create porosity in these polymers is reported, and shown to improve the Hg capture.

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Chalker, Justin M., Maximilian Mann, Max J. H. Worthington, and Louisa J. Esdaile. "Polymers Made by Inverse Vulcanization for Use as Mercury Sorbents." Organic Materials 03, no. 02 (April 2021): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1502-2611.

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Inverse vulcanization is a process in which highly abundant and low-cost elemental sulfur is copolymerized with an unsaturated organic molecule such as a polyene. This process has provided a variety of useful materials with high sulfur content—typically 50% or greater in sulfur by mass. These materials have garnered increasing interest in research as sorbents for mercury, due to the high affinity of sulfur for mercury. In this review, the features of mercury sorbents made by inverse vulcanization are presented. Additionally, case studies are provided to illustrate the variety of polymer architectures accessible with this chemistry, the versatility of these materials in mercury remediation, and prospects for industrial use.1 Introduction2 Sulfur Polymers by Inverse Vulcanization3 Sulfur Polymers as Mercury Sorbents4 Increasing Surface Area to Improve Mercury Uptake5 Crosslinker Considerations6 Sorption of Different Forms of Mercury7 Life-Cycle Management8 Conclusions and Outlook

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Pietrzykowski, Marcin, and Justyna Likus-Cieślik. "Comprehensive Study of Reclaimed Soil, Plant, and Water Chemistry Relationships in Highly S-Contaminated Post Sulfur Mine Site Jeziórko (Southern Poland)." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 2442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072442.

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The aim of the work was a comprehensive study of the soils (pH, EC, SOC, NT, ST), surface waters (pH, EC, Ca2+ Mg2+, Na+, NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−), and reactions of trees and herbaceous plants in the restored forest ecosystem of a former sulfur mine. Common birch and Scots pine growth reaction, vitality (according to IUFRO standards- International Union of Forest Research Organizations), nutrient supply (Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, K), and Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth chemical composition (Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, K) were assayed. The chemistry dynamics (pH, EC, DOC, NT, Ca, Mg, and S at the beginning and end of the experiment) of soil leaching and the sulfur load leached from the sulfur-contaminated soil substrates were evaluated. The remediation effects of birch and pine litter were assayed in an experiment under controlled conditions. It was found that reclamation was effective in the majority of the post-mining site; however, hotspots with sulfur contamination reaching even 45,000 mg kg−1, pH < 2.0 and electrical conductivity (EC) of 6500 µS cm−1 were reported. Surface waters typically displayed elevated concentrations of sulfate ions (average 935.13 mg L−1), calcium ions (up to 434 mg L−1), and high EC (average 1797 µS cm−1), which was related both to sulfur contamination and the sludge lime that was used in neutralization. Calamagrostis epigejos was found to be a species that adapted well to the conditions of elevated soil salinity and sulfur concentration. It was observed that the application of organic matter had a significant beneficial impact on the chemistry of soil solutions, but did not show a remediation effect by increased sulfur leaching in a short-term study.

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Gülen, Jale, Abdullah Bilal Öztürk, and Aylin Boztepe. "Remediation of sulfur in two Turkish lignites under various treatments." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 44, no. 3 (July 18, 2022): 6456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2022.2099484.

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Tichý, R., P. Lens, J. T. C. Grotenhuis, and P. Bos. "Solid-State Reduced Sulfur Compounds: Environmental Aspects and Bio-Remediation." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389891254188.

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Das, Pratyush Kumar. "Phytoremediation and Nanoremediation : Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Water." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.11346.

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<p>Drainage from mining sites containing sulfur bearing rocks is known as acid mine drainage (AMD). Acid mine drainage water is a serious environmental pollutant that has its effects on plants, animals and microflora of a region. Mine water drainage mainly occurs due to anthropogenic activities like mining that leave the sulfur bearing rocks exposed. This drainage water poses as a potent soil, water and ground water pollutant. Although a lot of remediation measures have been implemented in the past but, none of them have been able to solve the problem completely. This review intends to focus on new emerging and better techniques in the form of phytoremediation and nanoremediation for treatment of acid mine drainage water. Besides, the review also gives more importance to the phytoremediation technique over nanoremediation because of the cost effectiveness and eco-friendly nature of the first and the nascent status of the latter. A hypothetical model discussing the use of hyperaccumulator plants in remediation of acid mine water has been proposed. The model also proposes natural induction of the phytoremedial ability of the plants involved in the remediation process. The proposed model assisted by inputs from further research, may be helpful in proper treatment of acid mine drainage water in the near future.</p>

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Albukhari, Soha M., Mahmoud A. Hussein, Mona A. Abdel Rahman, and Hadi M. Marwani. "Highly selective heteroaromatic sulfur containing polyamides for Hg+2 environmental remediation." Designed Monomers and Polymers 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2020.1727172.

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Rockafellow, Erin M., Laine K. Stewart, and William S. Jenks. "Is sulfur-doped TiO2 an effective visible light photocatalyst for remediation?" Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 91, no. 1-2 (September 2009): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.06.027.

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Ghosh, Suchismita, Moumita Moitra, Christopher J. Woolverton, and Laura G. Leff. "Effects of remediation on the bacterial community of an acid mine drainage impacted stream." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 58, no. 11 (November 2012): 1316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w2012-110.

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Acid mine drainage (AMD) represents a global threat to water resources, and as such, remediation of AMD-impacted streams is a common practice. During this study, we examined bacterial community structure and environmental conditions in a low-order AMD-impacted stream before, during, and after remediation. Bacterial community structure was examined via polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S rRNA genes followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Also, bacterial abundance and physicochemical data (including metal concentrations) were collected and relationships to bacterial community structure were determined using BIO-ENV analysis. Remediation of the study stream altered environmental conditions, including pH and concentrations of some metals, and consequently, the bacterial community changed. However, remediation did not necessarily restore the stream to conditions found in the unimpacted reference stream; for example, bacterial abundances and concentrations of some elements, such as sulfur, magnesium, and manganese, were different in the remediated stream than in the reference stream. BIO-ENV analysis revealed that changes in pH and iron concentration, associated with remediation, primarily explained temporal alterations in bacterial community structure. Although the sites sampled in the remediated stream were in relatively close proximity to each other, spatial variation in community composition suggests that differences in local environmental conditions may have large impacts on the microbial assemblage.

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Kromah, Varney, and Guanghui Zhang. "Aqueous Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Metal Sulfide Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Application." Water 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131843.

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Heavy metals pollution of aqueous solutions generates considerable concerns as they adversely impact the environment and health of humans. Among the remediation technologies, adsorption with metal sulfide nanomaterials has proven to be a promising strategy due to their cost-effective, environmentally friendly, surface modulational, and amenable properties. Their excellent adsorption characteristics are attributed to the inherently exposed sulfur atoms that interact with heavy metals through various processes. This work presents a comprehensive overview of the sequestration of heavy metals from water using metal sulfide nanomaterials. The common methods of synthesis, the structures, and the supports for metal sulfide nano-adsorbents are accentuated. The adsorption mechanisms and governing conditions and parameters are stressed. Practical heavy metal remediation application in aqueous media using metal sulfide nanomaterials is highlighted, and the existing research gaps are underscored.

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Qambrani, Naveed Ahmed, Yeong Sang Jung, Jae Eui Yang, Yong Sik Ok, and Sang-Eun Oh. "Application of half-order kinetics to sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification for groundwater remediation." Environmental Earth Sciences 73, no. 7 (September 20, 2014): 3445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3641-7.

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Flere, Joel M., and Tian C. Zhang. "Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification pond systems for in-situ remediation of nitrate-contaminated surface water." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0005.

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The feasibility of using the sulfur/limestone autotrophic denitrification (SLAD) process as an in-situ method for remediation of nitrate-contaminated surface water was investigated. Four bench-scale pond systems with working volumes of 21.4 litres each and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days were operated under either mixed conditions or unmixed conditions. Under mixed (aerobic) conditions, with the addition of alkalinity to raise pH, NO3−-N removal in the SLAD ponds were 85-100%, while the control reactor showed negative removal. Sulfate production under mixed conditions, due to the activities of non-denitrifying bacteria such as Thiobacillus thiooxidans, was between 1000-2500 mg/l SO42−, which makes the application of the SLAD ponds under aerobic conditions questionable. Under unmixed (anoxic) conditions, NO3−-N removal in the SLAD ponds decreased to 75-88%; sulfate production, however, also decreased by more than 50% due to the inhibition of the activity of non-denitrifying bacteria. Additional batch experiments indicated that sulfate production in the SLAD systems was acceptable under anoxic conditions. Therefore, the application of the SLAD ponds under unmixed (anoxic) conditions is feasible for in-situ remediation of nitrate-contaminated surface water.

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Ahmad, F., A. Z. Al-Khazaal, N. Ahmad, and I. Alenezi. "Remediation of Sulfidic Wastewater by Aeration in the Presence of Ultrasonic Vibration." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 3 (June 19, 2018): 2919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1956.

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In the current study, the aerial oxidation of sodium sulfide in the presence of ultrasonic vibration is investigated. Sulfide analysis was carried out by the methylene blue method. Sodium sulfide is oxidized to elemental sulfur in the presence of ultrasonic vibration. The influence of air flow rate, initial sodium sulfide concentration and ultrasonic vibration intensity on the oxidation of sodium sulfide was investigated. The rate law equation regarding the oxidation of sulfide was determined from the experimental data. The order of reaction with respect to sulfide and oxygen was found to be 0.36 and 0.67 respectively. The overall reaction followed nearly first order kinetics.

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Duru, N., and C. Nesbitt. "Remediation of reduced sulfur species effects on gold and silver recovery during cyanide leaching." Hydrometallurgy 205 (November 2021): 105756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105756.

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Zhang, Dengxiao, Guanghui Du, Wenjing Zhang, Ya Gao, Hongbin Jie, Wei Rao, Ying Jiang, and Daichang Wang. "Remediation of arsenic-contaminated paddy soil: Effects of elemental sulfur and gypsum fertilizer application." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 223 (October 2021): 112606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112606.

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Li, Rui, Chuanping Feng, Weiwu Hu, Beidou Xi, Nan Chen, Baowei Zhao, Ying Liu, Chunbo Hao, and Jiaoyang Pu. "Woodchip-sulfur based heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification (WSHAD) process for nitrate contaminated water remediation." Water Research 89 (February 2016): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.044.

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Ugrina, Marin, Martin Gaberšek, Aleksandra Daković, and Ivona Nuić. "Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020217.

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Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

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Wilkin, Richard T., and David A. Rogers. "Nickel sulfide formation at low temperature: initial precipitates, solubility and transformation products." Environmental Chemistry 7, no. 6 (2010): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10076.

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Environmental context Remediation technologies often rely on manipulation of redox conditions or natural redox processes to favour microbial sulfate-reduction and mineral sulfide formation for treatment of inorganic contaminants in groundwater, including nickel. However, few data are available on the structural properties, solubility and mineral transformation processes involving nickel sulfides. These data are needed in order to constrain the long term performance of groundwater remediation efforts. Abstract The formation of nickel sulfides has been examined experimentally over the temperature range from 25 to 60°C. At all conditions studied, hexagonal (α-NiS) was the initial precipitate from solution containing Ni2+ and dissolved sulfide. Freshly precipitated nickel sulfide possesses significant residual Ni–O coordination as revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. With progressive aging, residual Ni–O coordination is replaced by Ni–S coordination. The formation of millerite (β-NiS, rhombohedral) was not detected in any of the synthesis experiments. In the presence of elemental sulfur, hexagonal NiS converted to polydymite (Ni3S4) and vaesite (NiS2). Thus, conversion of nickel monosulfide to thiospinel and disulfide structures appears to be redox dependent, analogous to aging and transformation processes of iron sulfides. In the absence of elemental sulfur or with only hydrogen sulfide or bisulfide present, transformation of hexagonal NiS was not observed after 1680 h at 60°C. Low-pH solubility experiments yielded a solubility product for hexagonal NiS of log Ks0 = –2.69 ± 0.26. Solubility data at pH > 3 suggest that Ni–bisulfide complexation is important in controlling the solubility of Ni in sulfidic solutions.

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Chen, Zihao, Xinying Huang, Huan He, Jielin Tang, Xiuxiang Tao, Huazhou Huang, Rizwan Haider, Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali, Asif Jamal, and Zaixing Huang. "Bioleaching Coal Gangue with a Mixed Culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans." Minerals 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11101043.

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A mixed culture of A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans isolated from a coal gangue dump was used to bioleach coal gangue in a column reactor to investigate the leaching of elements. The changes of metal ions (Fe, Mn and Cr) and sulfate in the leaching solution, elemental composition, mineral components and sulfur speciation of the coal gangue before and after bioleaching were analyzed by atomic absorption, anion chromatography, XRF, XRD and XPS. The results show that the mixed culture could promote the release of metal ions in coal gangue, with a leaching concentration of Fe > Mn > Cr. EC and Eh have significantly increased with the increase of metal ion concentrations in the leaching solution. XRF analyses show that the contents of Fe, Mn and S decreased in coal gangue after bioleaching. XRD results suggest that the bioleaching has impacts on minerals in coal gangue, particularly the Fe-containing components. XPS analyses show that sulfur speciation in the raw gangue samples was associated with sulfate, dibenzothiophene and pyrite sulfur. After continuous leaching by the mixed culture, the total sulfur, pyrite sulfur and sulfate sulfur in coal gangue decreased from 2.06% to 1.18%, 0.66% to 0.14% and 1.02% to 0.52%. The desulfurization rates of the pyrite and sulfate were 78.79% and 49.02 %. It is concluded that the mixed culture of these two microorganisms could effectively leach metals from coal gangue coupling with the oxidation of sulfide to sulfate. This study has provided fundamental information as a potential application in the recovery of valuable metals from coal gangue or environmental remediation related to gangue in the future.

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Baghaie, Amir Hossein, and Amir Daliri. "Effect of sulfur granular MSW, foliar application of iron sulfate on bio-degradation of diesel oil in a Cd-polluted soil in the presence of Thiobacillus bacteria." Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research 10, no. 1 (March 5, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jaehr.10.1.1249.

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Background: Remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil is one of the important factors. This research was done to investigate the effect of sulfur granular municipal soil waste (sulfur granular MSW), foliar application of iron sulfate on bio-degradation of diesel oil in a Cd-polluted soil in the presence of Thiobacillus bacteria. Methods: Treatments consisted of applying sulfur granular MSW at the rates of 0 and 15 t/ha, foliar application of iron sulfate (0 and 500 mg/l) in a Cd-polluted (0, 10 and 20 mg Cd/kg) soil that simultaneously contaminated with diesel oil (0,4 and 8 %(W/W)) in the presence of Thiobacillus bacteria. After 60 days, the corns were harvested and the plant Fe and Cd concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). In addition, the bio-degradation of diesel oil in the soil was also measured. Results: Soil application of sulfur granular MSW (15 t/ha) significantly increased the bio-degradation of diesel oil in the soil by 16.1%. However, soil pollution with Cd had adverse effect on bio-degradation of diesel oil in the soil. The presence of Thiobacillus bacteria had significant effect on increasing and decreasing the plant Fe and Cd concentration by 16.1 and 17.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, using sulfur granular MSW and foliar application of iron sulfate has significant effect on bio-degradation of diesel oil in the soil in the heavy metal polluted soil. However, the role of plant physiology, the type and amount of pollution on phytoremediation efficiency cannot be ignored.

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Bennett, William W., Kerstin Hockmann, Scott G. Johnston, and Edward D. Burton. "Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals antimony sequestration by reduced sulfur in a freshwater wetland sediment." Environmental Chemistry 14, no. 6 (2017): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en16198.

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Environmental contextAntimony is an environmental contaminant of increasing concern, due to its growing industrial usage in flame retardants, lead alloys, glass, ceramics and plastics. Here we show, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, that antimony may be trapped in wetland sediments by reduced sulfur. This finding has implications for the management and remediation of wetlands contaminated with antimony. AbstractThe biogeochemistry of antimony (Sb) in wetland sediments is poorly characterised, despite their importance as contaminant sinks. The organic-rich, reducing nature of wetland sediments may facilitate sequestration mechanisms that are not typically present in oxic soils, where the majority of research to date has taken place. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we present evidence of antimony speciation being dominated by secondary antimony–sulfur phases in a wetland sediment. Our results demonstrate that, by incorporating a newly developed SbIII–organic sulfur reference standard, linear combination fitting analysis of antimony K-edge XAS spectra and robust statistical assessment of fit quality allows the reliable discrimination of SbIII coordination environments. We found that a contaminated wetland sediment in New South Wales, Australia, contained 57% of the total antimony as SbIII–phases, with 44% present as a highly-disordered antimony phase, likely consisting of SbIII complexed by organic sulfur (e.g. thiols) or an amorphous SbIII sulfide (e.g. SbS3). The methodological approach outlined in this study and our identification of the importance of reduced sulfur in sequestering antimony has implications for future research in the area of antimony biogeochemistry, and for the management of both natural and artificial wetlands contaminated with antimony.

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Faria, Letícia de Abreu, Pedro Henrique de Cerqueira Luz, Felipe Barros Macedo, Paulo Sergio Tonetti, Marcos Roberto Ferraz, Jairo Antônio Mazza, and Godofredo Cesar Vitti. "BRACHIARIA IN SELENIUM-CONTAMINATED SOIL UNDER SULPHUR SOURCE APPLICATIONS." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 6 (December 2015): 1814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140402.

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ABSTRACT High contents of plant-available selenium in the soil in the form of selenate, resulting from natural or anthropogenic action, jeopardizes agricultural areas and requires research for solutions to establish or re-establish agricultural or livestock operation, avoiding the risk of poisoning of plants, animals and humans. The purpose was to evaluate sulfur sources in the form of sulfate, e.g., ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate, ferric sulfate, in the remediation of tropical soils anthropogenically contaminated with Se under the tropical forage grass Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf cv. Marandu. More clayey soils are less able to supply plants with Se, which influences the effects of S sources, but it was found that high soil Se concentrations negatively affected forage biomass production, regardless of the soil. Of the tested S sources, the highly soluble ammonium sulfate and ferric sulfate reduced plant Se uptake and raised the available sulfur content in the soil.

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O'Connor, David, Tianyue Peng, Guanghe Li, Shuxiao Wang, Lei Duan, Jan Mulder, Gerard Cornelissen, Zhenglin Cheng, Shengmao Yang, and Deyi Hou. "Sulfur-modified rice husk biochar: A green method for the remediation of mercury contaminated soil." Science of The Total Environment 621 (April 2018): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.213.

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Schippers, Axel, and Dagmar Kock. "Geomicrobiology of Sulfidic Mine Dumps: A Short Review." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.37.

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The geomicrobiology of sulfidic mine dumps is reviewed. More than 30 microbiological studies of sulfidic mine dumps have been published. Mainly culturing approaches such as most probable number (MPN) or agar plates were used to study the microbial communities. More recently, molecular biological techniques such as FISH, CARD-FISH, Q-PCR, T-RFLP, DGGE, or cloning have been applied to quantify microorganisms and to investigate the microbial diversity. Aerobic Fe(II)- and sulfur compound oxidizing microorganisms oxidize pyrite, pyrrhotite and other metal sulfides and play an important role in the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). Anaerobic microorganisms such as Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms dissolve Fe(III)(hydr)oxides and may thereby release adsorbed or precipitated metals. Sulfate-reducing microorganisms precipitate and immobilize metals. In addition to the microbial communities several biogeochemical processes have been analyzed in mine dumps. Pyrite or pyrrhotite oxidation rates have been measured by different techniques: Column experiments, humidity cells, microcalorimetry, or oxygen consumption measurements. Analyses of stable isotopes of iron, oxygen and sulfur have yielded valuable information on biogeochemical reactions. The microbiology and the biogeochemical processes in sulfidic mine dumps have to be understood for control and prevention of AMD generation and to provide different possibilities for remediation concepts. Today, remediation measures, e.g. under water storage of the waste or covering of the dumps, focus on the inhibition of pyrite oxidation to keep the toxic compounds inside the mine waste dumps. As an alternative to the inhibition of pyrite oxidation, metals which also have economic value could be extracted from mine dumps by the application of different metal extraction technologies including bioleaching.

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Qiao, Hua, Hua-jun Feng, Shao-ying Liu, Chao-jun Wang, Yuan Zhang, Yan-ni Gao, Wen-bing Li, Jun Yao, Mei-zhen Wang, and Dong-sheng Shen. "The possible reduction pathways of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by sulfide under simulated anaerobic conditions." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 2474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.615.

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To predict the final fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its intermediates in an anaerobic fermentative solution containing reduced sulfur species and to provide a basis for the adoption of remediation methods, we investigated the pathways of TNT (TNT0 = 50 mg/L) reduction by Na2S at 30 ± 1 °C in an acetic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to identify TNT metabolites at different reaction times. The law of growth and decline of TNT and its metabolites was determined with time. The LC/MS result, combined with the physicochemical characteristics of related products and information from the literature, indicated possible TNT conversion pathways. Sulfide can initiate both nitroreduction and denitration of TNT simultaneously. Nitroreduction led to the accumulation of primary intermediates 4-hydroxylaminodinitrotoluene and 4-aminodinitrotoluene, whereas denitration resulted in the production of unidentified substances with molecular weight less than that of TNT. Also, polyreaction between the above intermediates formed many unidentified substances. Humification was concluded to be the best choice for remediation of TNT-contaminated soil and water due to the formation of intermediates with stable, intact aromatic systems. However, the denitration pathway of TNT offered the possibility of mineralization.

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Phyo, Aung Kyaw, Yan Jia, Qiaoyi Tan, Heyun Sun, Yunfeng Liu, Bingxu Dong, and Renman Ruan. "Competitive Growth of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria with Bioleaching Acidophiles for Bioremediation of Heap Bioleaching Residue." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082715.

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Mining waste rocks containing sulfide minerals naturally provide the habitat for iron- and sulfur-oxidizing microbes, and they accelerate the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD) by promoting the oxidation of sulfide minerals. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are sometimes employed to treat the AMD solution by microbial-induced metal sulfide precipitation. It was attempted for the first time to grow SRB directly in the pyritic heap bioleaching residue to compete with the local iron- and sulfur-oxidizing microbes. The acidic SRB and iron-reducing microbes were cultured at pH 2.0 and 3.0. After it was applied to the acidic heap bioleaching residue, it showed that the elevated pH and the organic matter was important for them to compete with the local bioleaching acidophiles. The incubation with the addition of organic matter promoted the growth of SRB and iron-reducing microbes to inhibit the iron- and sulfur-oxidizing microbes, especially organic matter together with some lime. Under the growth of the SRB and iron-reducing microbes, pH increased from acidic to nearly neutral, the Eh also decreased, and the metal, precipitated together with the microbial-generated sulfide, resulted in very low Cu in the residue pore solution. These results prove the inhibition of acid mine drainage directly in situ of the pyritic waste rocks by the promotion of the growth of SRB and iron-reducing microbes to compete with local iron and sulfur-oxidizing microbes, which can be used for the source control of AMD from the sulfidic waste rocks and the final remediation.

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Lang, Yue, Yanan Yu, Hongtao Zou, Jiexu Ye, and Shihan Zhang. "Performance and Mechanisms of Sulfidated Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Materials for Toxic TCE Removal from the Groundwater." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 6299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106299.

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the most widely distributed pollutants in groundwater and poses serious risks to the environment and human health. In this study, sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) materials with different Fe/S molar ratios were synthesized by one-step methods. These materials degraded TCE in groundwater and followed a pathway that did not involve the production of toxic byproducts such as dichloroethenes (DCEs) and vinyl chloride (VC). The effects of sulfur content on TCE dechlorination by S-nZVI were thoroughly investigated in terms of TCE-removal efficiency, H2 evolution, and reaction rate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations confirmed Fe(0) levels in S-nZVI were larger than for zero-valent iron (nZVI). An Fe/S molar ratio of 10 provided the highest TCE-removal efficiencies. Compared with nZVI, the 24-h TCE removal efficiencies of S-nZVI (Fe/S = 10) increased from 30.2% to 92.6%, and the Fe(0) consumed during a side-reaction of H2 evolution dropped from 77.0% to 12.8%. This indicated the incorporation of sulfur effectively inhibited H2 evolution and allowed more Fe(0) to react with TCE. Moreover, the pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constants of S-nZVI materials increased by up to 485% compared to nZVI. In addition, a TCE degradation was proposed based on the variation of detected degradation products. Noting that acetylene, ethylene, and ethane were detected rather than DCEs and VC confirmed that TCE degradation followed β-elimination with acetylene as the intermediate. These results demonstrated that sulfide modification significantly enhanced nZVI performance for TCE degradation, minimized toxic-byproduct formation, and mitigated health risks. This work provides some insight into the remediation of chlorinated-organic-compound-contaminated groundwater and protection from secondary pollution during remediation by adjusting the degradation pathway.

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Li, Yajun, Yongxiang Zhang, and Jinhao Wang. "Influence Factors on Removal of 2, 4-DCP by Sulfided Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron." E3S Web of Conferences 350 (2022): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235001012.

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2, 4-Dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) has been extensively applied for chemical and pharmaceutical production, resulting in severe environmental pollution. In this paper, the sulfided nanometer zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) was synthesized and applied to remove 2, 4-DCP. The experimental tests displayed that when the sulfur iron mole ratio was 0.129, the elimination rate for 2.4-DCP was 91.9%, and the removal rate declined when the sulfur-to-iron proportion increased. As the initial concentration of 2, 4-DCP improved from 10 to 40mgL-1, the elimination rate of 2, 4-DCP declined from 92.6% to 65.3%. The elimination effect of S-nZVI on 2, 4-DCP increased with rising temperature. The removal rate of 2, 4-DCP varied under various pH conditions. The removal efficiencies were reduced from 75.5% to 48.8% when the initial pH ranged from 5 to 3. When pH is 11, the removal rate is 97.9%. Kinetics of degradation reaction of 2, 4-DCP under different conditions were conducted. The process for removing 2, 4-DCP was in accord with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The initial pH and sulfur mole ratio played a decisive role, which determined the removing rate of 2, 4-DCP. The findings can guide more efficient S-nZVI reactivity towards the target contaminants in water remediation.

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Medunić, Singh, Singh, Rai, Rai, Jaiswal, Obrenović, Petković, and Janeš. "Use of Bacteria and Synthetic Zeolites in Remediation of Soil and Water Polluted with Superhigh-Organic-Sulfur Raša Coal (Raša Bay, North Adriatic, Croatia)." Water 11, no. 7 (July 10, 2019): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071419.

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The Raša Bay (North Adriatic, Croatia) has been receiving various pollutants by inflowing streams laden with untreated municipal and coalmine effluents for decades. The locality was a regional center of coalmining (Raša coal), coal combustion, and metal processing industries for more than two centuries. As local soil and stream water were found to be contaminated with sulfur and potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) as a consequence of weathering of Raša coal and its waste, some clean-up measures are highly required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the remediating potential of selected microorganisms and synthetic zeolites in the case of soil and coal-mine water, respectively, for the first time. By employing bacterial cultures of Ralstonia sp., we examined removal of sulfur and selected PTEs (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, U, V, and Zn) from soil. The removal of sulfur was up to 60%, arsenic up to 80%, while Se, Ba, and V up to 60%, and U up to 20%. By applying synthetic zeolites on water from the Raša coalmine and a local stream, the significant removal values were found for Sr (up to 99.9%) and Ba (up to 99.2%) only. Removal values were quite irregular (insignificant) in the cases of Fe, Ni, Zn, and Se, which were up to 80%, 50%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. Although promising, the results call for further research on this topic.

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Wan, Zhonghao, Zibo Xu, Yuqing Sun, Qiaozhi Zhang, Deyi Hou, Bin Gao, Eakalak Khan, Nigel J. D. Graham, and Daniel C. W. Tsang. "Stoichiometric carbocatalysis via epoxide-like C−S−O configuration on sulfur-doped biochar for environmental remediation." Journal of Hazardous Materials 428 (April 2022): 128223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128223.

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Dutta, Madhulika, Nazrul Islam, Shahadev Rabha, Bardwi Narzary, Manobjyoti Bordoloi, Durlov Saikia, Luis F. O. Silva, and Binoy K. Saikia. "Acid mine drainage in an Indian high-sulfur coal mining area: Cytotoxicity assay and remediation study." Journal of Hazardous Materials 389 (May 2020): 121851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121851.

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Hirayama, Shin, Masashi Miyasaka, Hideomi Amano, Yoshito Kumagai, Nobuhiro Shimojo, Teruyoshi Yanagita, and Yoshiro Okami. "Functional Sulfur Amino Acid Production and Seawater Remediation System by Sterile Ulva sp. (Chlorophyta)." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 112, no. 2 (2004): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/abab:112:2:101.

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Shin, Hyuksoo, Jihee Kim, Dowan Kim, Viet Huu Nguyen, Sangwook Lee, Seunghee Han, Jeewoo Lim, and Kookheon Char. "Aqueous “polysulfide-ene” polymerization for sulfur-rich nanoparticles and their use in heavy metal ion remediation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 46 (2018): 23542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05457f.

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Grattieri, Matteo, Rossella Labarile, Gabriella Buscemi, and Massimo Trotta. "The periodic table of photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteria: intact cell-metal ions interactions." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 21, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43630-021-00116-9.

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AbstractPhotosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNB) have been widely utilized as model organisms to study bacterial photosynthesis. More recently, the remarkable resistance of these microorganisms to several metals ions called particular interest. As a result, several research efforts were directed toward clarifying the interactions of metal ions with PNB. The mechanisms of metal ions active uptake and bioabsorption have been studied in detail, unveiling that PNB enable harvesting and removing various toxic ions, thus fostering applications in environmental remediation. Herein, we present the most important achievements in the understanding of intact cell-metal ions interactions and the approaches utilized to study such processes. Following, the application of PNB-metal ions interactions toward metal removal from contaminated environments is presented. Finally, the possible coupling of PNB with abiotic electrodes to obtain biohybrid electrochemical systems is proposed as a sustainable pathway to tune and enhance metal removal and monitoring. Graphic abstract

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Alborov, I. D., S. A. Bekuzarova, R. V. Osikina, G. P. Khubaeva, D. G. Kachmazov, G. V. Lushchenko, I. Datieva, and M. Dzampaeva. "Restoration tailings and recultivation of soil fertility." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700260.

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In the mining industry place, tailing dumps remain, which contain toxic substances. For their rehabilitation, it is proposed to use local zeolite-containing clays of North and South Ossetia Eredvit and Dialbekulit containing a complex of minerals with an alkaline reaction of the environment. In addition to clays, peat with a high content of humic substances is introduced into the substrate. The prepared substrate is irrigated with mineral sulfur-containing water of the Tamisk spring. Accumulating toxic substances and herbs are sown on the surface of the densified area: annual and perennial herbs, for example, amaranth, legumes, winter camelina. Before sowing, grass seeds are mixed with the husk of winter camelina. Such remediation of contaminated sites reduces the toxicity of tailings to 90 % and restores soil fertility.

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Levy, Amalie T., Kelvin H. Lee, and Thomas E. Hanson. "Chlorobaculum tepidum Modulates Amino Acid Composition in Response to Energy Availability, as Revealed by a Systematic Exploration of the Energy Landscape of Phototrophic Sulfur Oxidation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 21 (August 26, 2016): 6431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02111-16.

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ABSTRACTMicrobial sulfur metabolism, particularly the formation and consumption of insoluble elemental sulfur (S0), is an important biogeochemical engine that has been harnessed for applications ranging from bioleaching and biomining to remediation of waste streams.Chlorobaculum tepidum, a low-light-adapted photoautolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, oxidizes multiple sulfur species and displays a preference for more reduced electron donors: sulfide > S0> thiosulfate. To understand this preference in the context of light energy availability, an “energy landscape” of phototrophic sulfur oxidation was constructed by varying electron donor identity, light flux, and culture duration. Biomass and cellular parameters ofC. tepidumcultures grown across this landscape were analyzed. From these data, a correction factor for colorimetric protein assays was developed, enabling more accurate biomass measurements forC. tepidum, as well as other organisms.C. tepidum's bulk amino acid composition correlated with energy landscape parameters, including a tendency toward less energetically expensive amino acids under reduced light flux. This correlation, paired with an observation of increased cell size and storage carbon production under electron-rich growth conditions, suggests thatC. tepidumhas evolved to cope with changing energy availability by tuning its proteome for energetic efficiency and storing compounds for leaner times.IMPORTANCEHow microbes cope with and adapt to varying energy availability is an important factor in understanding microbial ecology and in designing efficient biotechnological processes. We explored the response of a model phototrophic organism,Chlorobaculum tepidum, across a factorial experimental design that enabled simultaneous variation and analysis of multiple growth conditions, what we term the “energy landscape.”C. tepidumbiomass composition shifted toward less energetically expensive amino acids at low light levels. This observation provides experimental evidence for evolved efficiencies in microbial proteomes and emphasizes the role that energy flux may play in the adaptive responses of organisms. From a practical standpoint, our data suggest that bulk biomass amino acid composition could provide a simple proxy to monitor and identify energy stress in microbial systems.

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Liang, Jing, Nan Chen, Shuang Tong, Yongjie Liu, and Chuanping Feng. "Sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) driven by homogeneous composite particles containing CaCO3-type kitchen waste for groundwater remediation." Chemosphere 212 (December 2018): 954–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.161.

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Jena, Kishore K., Hemant Mittal, Vijay S. Wadi, Ganesh Kumar Mani, and Saeed M. Alhassan. "Advanced TiO2–SiO2–Sulfur (Ti–Si–S) Nanohybrid Materials: Potential Adsorbent for the Remediation of Contaminated Wastewater." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 33 (July 22, 2019): 30247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b09140.

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Jiang, Yiqun, Shamik Chowdhury, and Rajasekhar Balasubramanian. "Nitrogen and sulfur codoped graphene aerogels as absorbents and visible light-active photocatalysts for environmental remediation applications." Environmental Pollution 251 (August 2019): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.132.

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Kumar, Naresh, Romain Millot, Fabienne Battaglia-Brunet, Philippe Négrel, Ludo Diels, Jérôme Rose, and Leen Bastiaens. "Sulfur and oxygen isotope tracing in zero valent iron based In situ remediation system for metal contaminants." Chemosphere 90, no. 4 (January 2013): 1366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.060.

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Zhu, Yanfeng, Jing Ma, Fu Chen, Ruilian Yu, Gongren Hu, and Shaoliang Zhang. "Remediation of Soil Polluted with Cd in a Postmining Area Using Thiourea-Modified Biochar." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 7654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207654.

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Cadmium presence in soil is considered a significant threat to human health. Biochar is recognized as an effective method to immobilize Cd ions in different soils. However, obtaining effective and viable biochar to remove elevated Cd from postmining soil remains a challenge. More modifiers need to be explored to improve biochar remediation capacity. In this investigation, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of poplar-bark biochar (PBC600) and thiourea-modified poplar-bark biochar (TPBC600) on Cd speciation and availability, as well as on soil properties. Our results showed that the addition of biochar had a significant influence on soil properties. In the presence of TPBC600, the acid-soluble and reducible Cd fractions were transformed into oxidizable and residual Cd fractions. This process effectively reduced Cd bioavailability in the soil system. Compared to PBC600, TPBC600 was more effective in improving soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), available potassium (AK), available phosphorus (AP), and available sulfur (AS). However, this improvement diminished as incubation time increased. Results of Pearson correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, and principal component analysis showed that soil pH and available phosphorus played key roles in reducing the available cadmium in soil. Therefore, TPBC600 was shown to be an effective modifier that could be used in the remediation of soil polluted with Cd.

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Jung, Hun Bok, Jake Severini, and Emaje Hall. "Removal of hexavalent chromium by hyporheic zone sediments in an urbanized estuary." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 2389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.510.

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Abstract More than 2 million tons of chromium ore processing residue (COPR) waste was disposed of in Hudson County of New Jersey, which was known as the center of the production of chromate in the 20th century. The Cr(VI) removal experiments were conducted with the hyporheic zone (HZ) sediments collected along the shore of an urbanized estuary located in and near Hudson County to investigate the natural remediation of Cr(VI). Fine-grained and organic-rich Passaic River sediments showed the highest removal capacity for Cr(VI), whereas the lowest removal of Cr(VI) occurred in coarse-grained and organic-poor sediments from Newark Bay. In general, Cr(VI) removal increased with higher amounts of sediment organic matter, sulfur, and silt and clay fractions, as well as lower pH conditions. The removal of hexavalent chromium in organic-rich sediments is attributed mainly to the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), resulting in less reversible immobilization of Cr(VI), while reversible adsorption could also remove Cr(VI). The results suggest that the organic-rich, fine-grained HZ sediments can act as a natural reactive barrier for the remediation of Cr(VI) transport from subsurface to surface water in the estuary. Further research is needed to understand the long-term mobility of Cr along the urban estuary.

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Yu, Yilei, Yinghua Zhang, Nana Zhao, Jia Guo, Weigang Xu, Muyuan Ma, and Xiaoxia Li. "Remediation of Crude Oil-Polluted Soil by the Bacterial Rhizosphere Community of Suaeda Salsa Revealed by 16S rRNA Genes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051471.

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Crude oil pollution of soil is a serious environmental issue, and bioremediation using plants and microorganisms is a natural and sustainable method for its restoration. Pot incubation of a two-factor randomized block (plants with two levels, and crude oil with three levels) was designed to investigate the rhizosphere bacterial community of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. Crude oil contamination of soil was studied at different levels: 2 g/kg (low), 4 g/kg (medium), and 6 g/kg (high) levels. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the collected rhizosphere soil were analyzed. Moreover, the soil bacteria were further identified using the 16S rRNA gene. The effects of S. salsa and crude oil and their interaction on the physiochemical properties of the soil and crude oil degradation were found to be significant. Crude oil significantly influenced the diversity and evenness of bacteria, while the effects of S. salsa and interaction with crude oil were not significant. Proteobacteria were found to be dominant at the phylum level. Meanwhile, at the genera level, Saccharibacteria and Alcanivorax increased significantly in the low and medium contamination treatment groups with S. salsa, whereas Saccharibacteria and Desulfuromonas were prevalent in the high contamination treatment group. High crude oil contamination led to a significant decrease in the bacterial diversity in soil, while the effects of S. salsa and its interaction were not significant. Despite the highest abundance of crude oil degradation bacteria, S. salsa reduced crude oil degradation bacteria and increased bacteria related to sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycling in the low and high contamination group, whereas the opposite effect was observed for the medium contamination treatment group. The abundance of most crude oil degradation bacteria is negatively correlated with crude oil content. Nitrogen cycling bacteria are sensitive to the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen, and pH of the soil. Sulfur cycling bacteria are sensitive to aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, and asphaltene in soil. This research is helpful for further studying the mechanism of synergistic degradation by S. salsa and bacteria.

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Yang, Qian, Yongjie Wang, and Huan Zhong. "Remediation of mercury-contaminated soils and sediments using biochar: a critical review." Biochar 3, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00087-1.

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AbstractThe transformation of mercury (Hg) into the more toxic and bioaccumulative form methylmercury (MeHg) in soils and sediments can lead to the biomagnification of MeHg through the food chain, which poses ecological and health risks. In the last decade, biochar application, an in situ remediation technique, has been shown to be effective in mitigating the risks from Hg in soils and sediments. However, uncertainties associated with biochar use and its underlying mechanisms remain. Here, we summarize recent studies on the effects and advantages of biochar amendment related to Hg biogeochemistry and its bioavailability in soils and sediments and systematically analyze the progress made in understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for reductions in Hg bioaccumulation. The existing literature indicates (1) that biochar application decreases the mobility of inorganic Hg in soils and sediments and (2) that biochar can reduce the bioavailability of MeHg and its accumulation in crops but has a complex effect on net MeHg production. In this review, two main mechanisms, a direct mechanism (e.g., Hg-biochar binding) and an indirect mechanism (e.g., biochar-impacted sulfur cycling and thus Hg-soil binding), that explain the reduction in Hg bioavailability by biochar amendment based on the interactions among biochar, soil and Hg under redox conditions are highlighted. Furthermore, the existing problems with the use of biochar to treat Hg-contaminated soils and sediments, such as the appropriate dose and the long-term effectiveness of biochar, are discussed. Further research involving laboratory tests and field applications is necessary to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the role of biochar in reducing Hg bioavailability in diverse soil types under varying redox conditions and to develop completely green and sustainable biochar-based functional materials for mitigating Hg-related health risks.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sulfur remediation'

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